1992年考研英语真题及解析
考研英语真题1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. ___1___ it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ___2___ of flying into space and returning many times. ___3___ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as ___4___ as a variety of military hardware. ___5___ more significantly, it will ___6___ materials and machines into space for industrial purposes ___7___ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was ___8___ to the vocabulary. In short, the ___9___ importance of the shuttle lies in its ___10___ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle ___11___ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. ___12___, when it has accomplished its ___13___, it can be ready for ___14___ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step ___15___ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.1. ［A］In ［B］On ［C］By ［D］With2. ［A］capable ［B］suitable ［C］efficient ［D］fit3. ［A］Served ［B］Powered ［C］Forced ［D］Reinforced4. ［A］far ［B］well ［C］much ［D］long5. ［A］Then ［B］Or ［C］But ［D］So6. ［A］supply［B］introduce ［C］deliver ［D］transfer7. ［A］unimagined ［B］unsettled ［C］uncovered ［D］unsolved8. ［A］attributed ［B］contributed ［C］applied ［D］added9. ［A］general ［B］essential ［C］prevailing ［D］ultimate10. ［A］promise ［B］prosperity ［C］popularity ［D］priority11. ［A］exceptional ［B］strange ［C］unique ［D］rare12. ［A］Thus ［B］Whereas ［C］Nevertheless ［D］Yet13. ［A］venture ［B］mission ［C］commission ［D］responsibility14. ［A］new ［B］another ［C］certain ［D］subsequent15. ［A］for ［B］by ［C］in ［D］throughPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWERSHEET.(30 points)Passage 1It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. (Perhaps the situation calls fo r a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.)Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.16. According to this passage, troubles on theroad are primarily caused by________.[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions17.The sentence “You might tolerate the oddroad-hog...the rule.”(Para.1) implies that___.[A] our society is unjust towardswell-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot toleratethe road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute themajority of motorists18. By “good sense”, the writer means_____.[A] the driver’s ability to understand and reactreasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult andsevere conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or evensavage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgment of politenessand regulations19. Experts have long pointed out that in theface of car-ownership explosion, __________.[A] road users should make more sacrifice[B] drivers should be ready to yield to eachother[C]drivers should have more communicationamong themselves[D]drivers will suffer great loss if they pay norespect to others20. In the writer’s opinion, ___________.[A]strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B]drivers should apply road politenessproperly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jamsPassage 2In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3°C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, th e relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, itpresents hotter or “colder” fa ces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性)of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counte-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.21.It can be concluded that a concentration ofcarbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_____.[A] prevent the sun’s rays from reaching theearth’s surface[B] mean a warming up in the Arctic[C] account for great changes in the climate inthe northern hemisphere[D] raise the temperature of the earth’s surface22. The article was written to explain________.[A] the greenhouse effect[B] the solar effects on the earth[C] the models of solar-weather interactions[D] the causes affecting weather23. Although the fuel consumption is greater inthe northern hemisphere, temperatures thereseem to be falling. This is___________.[A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxideare rising[B] possibly because the ice caps in the polesare melting[C] exclusively due to the effect of the inertiaof the earth’s climate[D] partly due to variations in the output ofsolar energy24. On the basis of their models, scientists areof the opinion that________.[A] the climate of the world should bebecoming cooler[B] it will take thousands of years for the inertiaof the earth’s climate to take effect[C] the man-made warming effect helps toincrease the solar effects[D] the new Ice Age will be delayed by thegreenhouse effect25. If the assumption about the delay of a newIce Age is correct, ___________.[A] the best way to overcome the cooling effectwould be to burn more fuels[B]ice would soon cover the northernhemisphere[C] the increased levels of carbon dioxide in theatmosphere could warm up the earth even morequickly[D] the greenhouse effect could work to theadvantage of the earthPassage 3Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey(曲棍球)final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:“This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals or in non-national teams might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.26. According to the author, recent OlympicGames have _______.[A] created goodwill between the nations[B] bred only false national pride[C] barely showed any international friendship[D] led to more and more misunderstanding andhatred27.What did the manager mean by saying, “...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?[A] His team would no longer take part in international games.[B]Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.[C]There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.[D] The Federation should be dissolved.28. The basketball example implied that______.[A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident[B] the announcement to prolong the match was wrong[C] the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision[D] the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals29. The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show____________. [A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games[B] that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be[C] that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship[D] that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games30. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?[A]The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.[B]Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.[C] Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.[D]International contests are liable formisunderstanding between nations.Part BDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. 32) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.33) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. 34) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; What we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”.35) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.Section ⅢWriting(15points)Directions:A Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILDB Time limit:40 minutesC Word limit:120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence.E Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE:1Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child2Possible reasons:1) Different likes and dislikes；2)Misunderstanding；3)Others3Suggestions1)For parents；2) For children。
1992考研英语真题
1992考研英语真题1992年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语试题Ⅰ. In each sentence, decide which of the four choicea given will most suitably complete the sen-tence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. ( 15 points ) l . I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomeverB. someoneC. whoeverD. anyone2. After having gone _ far, George did not want to turn back.A. enoughB. muchC. suchD. that3. _ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.A. AtB. ForC. InD. On4. Richard doesn' t think he could ever _ what is called "free-style" poetry.A. take onB. take overC. take toD. take after5. In the past men generally perfered that their wives _ in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working6. I don't want to lend any more money to him; he's already in debt _ me.A. toB. forC. ofD. with7. The business of each day, _ selling goods or shipping them,went quite smoothly.A. it beingB. be itC. was itD. it was8. Carey didn't go to the party last night because she _ the baby for her sister until 9:30 .A. must have looked after B would have to look afterC. had to look afterD. should have looked after9. _ , he does get initated with her sometimes.A. As he likes her muchB. Much though he likes herC. Though much he like herD. Much as he likes herIO. Califomians and New Englanders speak the same language and _ by the same federal laws.A. standB. conformC. abideD. sustainIl . The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field _ .A. in viewB. in questionC. in caseD. in effect12 . The long-awaited Hubble Space Telescope,_ to orbit the Earth next March ,will ob-serve some of the oldest stars in the sky.A. subjectB. owingC. availableD. due13. _ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. FreeingC. To freeD. Freed14. The patient has been _ of the safety of the operation.A. assuredB. guaranteedC. entrustedD. confirmed15. Will you _ this passage to see if there is any misprint?A. look upB. go overC. dwell on "D. work out16. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them _.A. correctB. straightC. rightD. well17. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actuaily _ the way .A. inB. byC. offD. on18. If we believe something is good and true we should tn it.A. hold upB. keep onC. hold onD. keep up19. _, more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the big cities in the region.A. Alone in the small townB. In the small alone townC. In the alone small townD. In the small towll alone20 . The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A. to be robbedB. robbedC. to have been robbedD. having been robbed21 . The engineers are going through with their highway project , the expenses have risen .A. even thoughB. just becauseC. now thatD. as though22: Although we had told then not to keep us waiting, they made no _ to speed up deliv-eries .A. trialB. attemptC. actionD. progress23 . Water will continue to be _ it is today-next in importance to oxygen.A. howB. whichC. asD. what24. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. were .D. would be25. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _increase the risk of heart disease.A. in tumB. in retumC. by chanceD. by tums26. The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have passport.A. . an operativeB. a validC. an efficientD. an effective27. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the _ for it.A. motiveB. mindC. moodD. notion28. The project requires more labor thanA. has been put inB. have been put inC. being put inD. to be put in29. Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can _ attack their trainer.A. unexpectedlyB. deliberatelyC. reluctantlyD. subsequently30. There seemed little hope that the explorer, _ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.A. to be desertedB. having desertedC. to have been desertedD. having been desertedⅡ. Each of the passags below is fnllowed by some questions. For each question four answersare given. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the ANSWER SIIEET. (30 points)1It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the mst of petrol and the quick pace of modem life,but manners on the roads are beaoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is aU vvy well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have onein the driver's seat is arnother matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a 'Be Kind to Other Drivers' campaign, otherwise it may get com-pletely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized be-havior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem tralfic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't evenseem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at solne hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always a-mazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose mallners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists leamt tofilter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give riseto bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can' t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-owrner-ship explo-sion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us totake this message to heart.31 . According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused byA. people' s attitude towards the road-hogB. the rhythm of modem lifeC. the behavior of the driverD. traffic conditions32. The sentence "You might tolerate the odd road-hog . . . the rule. " (Para. I ) implies thatA. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB. rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists33. By "good sense" , the writer meansA. the driver' s ability to understand and react reasonablyB. the driver' s prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC. the driver' s tolerance of nlde or even savage behaviorD. the driver' s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations34. Experts have long pointed out that in the faoe of car-owner-ship explosion,A. road users should make more sacrificeB. drlvers should be ready to yield to each otherC. drivers should have more communication among themselvesd. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others35. In the writer's opinion,A. strict traffic regulations are badly neededB. drivers should apply road politeness properlyC. rude drivers should be punishedD. drivers should avoid traffic jams2In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror--the glass in theroof ofa greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert' s prediction, the annosphere will be 3C warmer in the year2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present tate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the nonthern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration ofearth's chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degress of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already dispappearing. The evi-dence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem tobe falling. Scientists conclude , therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different as-pects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun isalso variableover a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward. Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions andthe actual climate over many thousands of years, "including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One wayof solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar ef-fects overcome the inenia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect ofcarbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing heat .36. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere wouldA. prevent the sun's rays from leeching the earth's surfaceB. mean a warming up in the ArcticC. account for great changes in the climate in the noHhem hemisphereD. raise the temperature of the earth' s surface37. The article was written to explainA. the greenhouse effectB. the solar effects on the earthC. the models of solar-weather interactionsD. the causes affecting weather38. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northem hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be faILing. This isA. mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB. possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC. exclusively due to the effect of the inenia of the earth' s climateD. partly due to variations in the output of solar energy39. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion thatA. the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB. it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effectC. the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effectsD. the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect40. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct,A. the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to bum more fuelsB. ice would soon cover the northern hemisphereC. the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth evenmore quicklyD. the greenhouse effect oould work to the advantage of the earth3Some people believe that intemational sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will leam to live together. Others say that the opposite is true : that intemational contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding 8nd hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic games have donelittle to support the view that sports encourages intenational brotherhood. Not only, was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser inci-dents caused principally bv minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the horkey ( 曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents' victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said : "This wasn't hockey. Hockey and the Intenational Hockey Federatior are finished. " The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years .The Anlerican basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, af-ter a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before an-nouncing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals .Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively ratherthan for thelove of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams , might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.41. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have__A. created goodwill between the nationsB. bred only false national prideC. barely showed any intemational friendshipD. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred42. What did the manager mean by saying, " . . . Hockey and the International Hockey Federa-tion are finished" ?A. His team would no longer take part in international games.B. Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.D. The Federation should be dissolved.43. The basketball example implied thatA. too much patriotism was displayed in the incidentB. the announcement to prolong the match was wrongC. the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decisionD. the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals44 . The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to showA. how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international gamesB. that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to beC. that competitiveness in the games discourages intenrational friendshipD. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games45. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.B. Athletes should oompete as individuak in the Olympic Games.C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.D. International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.Ⅲ. For each numbered blank in the following passage there four choices labelled A, B, C,and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET by blackening(15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U. S. space shuttle.(46) it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle (47) of flying into space and returning many tiems.(48)_ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65 ,OOO pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for si-entific inquiry , as (49) as a variety of military hardware. (50) more significantly, it will (51) materials and machines into space for industrial purposes (52) two decades agowhen "sputnik" ( artificial satellite) was (53) to vocabulary. In short, the (54) im- portance of the shuttle lies in its (55) as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle (56) is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an air-plane. (57), when it has accomplished its (58), it can be ready for (59) trip inabout two weeks.The space shuttle, the world' s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step (60) making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.46. A. In B. On C. By D. With47. A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit48. A. Served B. Powered C. Forced D Reinforced49. A. far B. well C. much D. long .50. A. Then B. Or C. But D. So51 . A. supply B. introduce C. deliver D. transfer52. A. unimagined B. unsettled C. uncovered D. unsolved53. A. attributed B. contributed C. applied D. added54. A. general B. essential C. prevailing D. ultimate55. A. promise B. prosperity C. popularity D. priority56. A. exceptional B. strange C. unique D. rare57. A. Thus B. Whereas C. Nevertheless D. Yet58. A. venture B. mission C. commission D. responsibility59. A. new B. another C. certain D. subsequent60. A. for B. by C. in D. throughⅣ. Each of the fnllowing sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labelied A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the AN.SWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your cor-rection on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. ( 1O points)61. Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dlckens far more exciting thanA B CThackeray .D62. People cannot but feel puzzling , for they simply cannot understand how he could have madeA B C Dsuch a stupid mistake.63. Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly, which really have surprisedA B Cus all.D64 . The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to affect the quality of the products.A B C D65. I regret having left the work unfinished; I should plan everything ahead carefully.A B C D66. The problem of unemployment the govemments want solved is as serious as never in theseA B Cunderdeveloped countries .D67 . Many species can communicate an amazing amount of information via sound, informationA Bwhich both the life of an individual and the continued existence of the species may depend.C D68. It was not so much the many blows he received for the lack of fighting spirit that led toA B Chis losing the game.D69 . Those part-time students expected to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summerA B C Dvacation .70 . With production having gone up steadily , the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of rawA B C Dmaterials .V . Read the following passgge carefully and then tranlate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points) Intelligence' at best is an assumptive construct-the meaning of the word has neverbeenclear. (71 ) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior refeued to by the term than there ison how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence isone who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal andmathematical symbols in solving problems. Art intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's ca-pacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does notmeasure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It isnot supposed to-it was not designed for such purposes. (72) To criticise it for such failure isroughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity . The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject isessentially a comparative affair.(73) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure thatthe scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a 'valid' or 'fair' comparison. It ishere that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at leastthree factors: the intention to do one's best, the knowledge required for understanding what youhave to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. (74) The first two must be equal for all who arebeing compared , if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations inour culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable , and the value of intelligence test-ing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis forprediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what weare interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child win do betteror worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require 'general intelligence' .(75) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only ifthe child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as theother with whomhe is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed .Ⅵ. Writing (15 points)DIRECTIONS :A) Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILDB) Time limit: 40 minutesC) Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not includtng the given opening sentence)D) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the giv-en opening sentence.E) Your composition must be written clearly in the ANISWER SHEET.OUTLINE :1 . Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child2 . Possible reasons:1 ) Different likes and dislikes2 ) Misunderstanding3) Others3 . Suggestions :l) For parents2) For children。
考研翻译真题解析
1992年考研翻译真题解析71．There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.结构分析：全句属于there be +N. 结构，全句还包含了一个more…than 的比较结构，前后结构对称，都是接了一个句子。
agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定语，behavior 后面又跟了过去分词referred to by the term作其后置定语；而than there is 后面又省略了一个相同的词汇agreement. 所以全句理解为：There（there be结构的翻译－增加泛指主语）is more（比较结构）agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than（比较结构）there is 省略（agreement）on how to interpret or classify them（指代关系）.参考译文：人们对（智力）这个词所指的各种行为的看法一致，而如何对其进行解释或分类，人们的看法则不尽相同。
测试点：比较结构；介词和过去分词做后置定语，省略；指代关系举一反三：more A than B短语的译法：1. 如果这个结构前后接的是短语，则通常翻译成为：与其说B，不与说A；或翻译成：有A无B。
比如：He is more brave than wise. 与其说他聪明，不与说他勇敢。
然后意译为：他有勇无谋。
2. 如果前后接的是句子，则常翻译为：有A，而没有B。
72．Intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to---it was not designed for such purposes. 12. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.结构分析：全句是用不定式To criticize it for such failure做主语（it指代什么，需要到上文去寻找，因为it是单数，应该到前面去找到一个单数名词，而前面两个句子都是用it做主语，所以再往前找到第一句的主语intelligence test，所以it应该指代前面的智力测试，）such failure属于名词指代的重要考点；（因为failure表示“没有”的意思，因此我们可以往上去找一个带有否定意思的词语，根据层层指代，such purposes, not supposed to, 再到not measure character, social adjustment，我们由此可以推断such failure 指代智力测试不能测试人的性格等特点的情况）。
1992考研英语一真题及答案
1992 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)l. I will give this dictionary to wants to have it.[A] whomever[B] someone[C] whoever[D] anyone2.After having gone far, George did not want to turn back.[A] enough[B] much[C] such[D] that3.all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.[A] At[B] For[C] In[D] On4.Richard doesn’t think he could ever what is called “free-style” poetry.[A] take on[B] take over[C] take to[D] take after5.In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.[A] worked[B] would work[C] work[D] were working6.I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt me.[A] to[B] for[C] of[D] with7.The business of each day, selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.[A] it being[B] be it[C] was it[D] it was8.Carey didn’t go to the party last night because she the baby for her sister until 9:30.[A] must have looked after[B] would have to look after[C] had to look after[D] should have looked after9., he does get initiated with her sometimes.[A] As he likes her much[B] Much though he likes her[C] Though much he like her[D] Much as he likes her10.Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and by the same federal laws.[A] stand[B] conform[C] abide[D] sustain11.The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field .[A] in view[B] in question[C] in case[D] in effect12.The long-awaited Hubble Space Telescope, to orbit the Earth next March, will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.[A] subject[B] owing[C] available[D] due13.of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.[A] To be free[B] Freeing[C] To free[D] Freed14.The patient has been of the safety of the operation.[A] assured[B] guaranteed[C] entrusted[D] confirmed15.Will you this passage to see if there is any misprint?[A] look up[B] go over[C] dwell on[D] work out16.The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them .[A] correct[B] straight[C] right[D] well17.Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually the way.[B] by[C] off[D] on18.If we believe something is good and true we should it.[A] hold up[B] keep on[C] hold on[D] keep up19., more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the big cities in the region.[A] Alone in the small town[B] In the small alone town[C] In the alone small town[D] In the small town alone20.The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.[A] to be robbed[B] robbed[C] to have been robbed[D] having been robbed21.The engineers are going through with their highway project, the expenses have risen.[A] even though[B] just because[C] now that[D] as though22.Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no to speed up deliveries.[A] trial[B] attempt[C] action23.Water will continue to be it is today -- next in importance to oxygen.[A] how[B] which[C] as[D] what24.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.[A] must have been[B] would have been[C] were[D] would be25.Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which increase the risk of heart disease.[A] in turn[B] in return[C] by chance[D] by turns26.The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have passport .[A] an operative[B] a valid[C] an efficient[D] an effective27.I like to go to the cinema when I am in the for it.[A] motive[B] mind[C] mood[D] notion28.The project requires more labor than .[A] has been put in[C] being put in[D] to be put in29.Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can attack their trainer.[A] unexpectedly[B] deliberately[C] reluctantly[D] subsequently30.There seemed little hope that the explorer, in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.[A] to be deserted[B] having deserted[C] to have been deserted[D] having been desertedSection II: Reading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)Text 1It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a ‘Be Kind to Other Drivers’ campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. ManyHowever, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.31.According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by .[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions32.The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that .[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists33.By “good sense,” the writer means .[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations34.Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, .[A] road users should make more sacrifice[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others35.In the writer’s opinion, .[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jamsText 2In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror -- the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’s chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder”faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation.downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.36.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would .[A] prevent the sun’s rays from leeching the earth’s surface[B] mean a warming up in the Arctic[C] account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere[D] raise the temperature of the earth’s surface37.The article was written to explain .[A] the greenhouse effect[B] the solar effects on the earth[C] the models of solar-weather interactions[D] the causes affecting weather38.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is .[A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising[B] possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting[C] exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth’s climate[D] partly due to variations in the output of solar energy39.On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that .[A] the climate of the world should be becoming cooler[B] it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect[C] the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects[D] the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect40.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, .[A] the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels[B] ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere[C] the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly[D] the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earthText 3Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.41.According to the author, recent Olympic Games have .[A] created goodwill between the nations[B] bred only false national pride[C] barely showed any international friendship[D] led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred42.What did the manager mean by saying, “... Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?[A] His team would no longer take part in international games.[B] Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.[C] There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.[D] The Federation should be dissolved.43.The basketball example implied that .[A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident[B] the announcement to prolong the match was wrong[C] the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision[D]the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals44.The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show .[A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games[B]that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be[C] that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship[D] that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games45.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?[A] The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.[B] Athletes should compete as individual in the Olympic Games.[C] Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.[D] International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.Section III: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D], choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET by blackening (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. 46 it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle 47 of flying into space and returning many times. 48 by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65, 000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as 49 as a variety of military hardware. 50more significantly, it will 51materials and machines into space for industrial purposes 52two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was 53to vocabulary. In short, the 54importance of the shuttle lies in its 55as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle 56is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. 57, when it has accomplished its 58, it can be ready for 59trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step 60making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.46.[A] In[B] On[C] By[D] With47.[A] capable[B] suitable[C] efficient[D] fit48.[A] Served[B] Powered[C] Forced[D] Reinforced49.[A] far[B] well[C] much[D] long.50.[A] Then[B] Or[C] But[D] So51.[A] supply[B] introduce[C] deliver[D] transfer52.[A] unimagined[B] unsettled[C] uncovered[D] unsolved53.[A] attributed[B] contributed[C] applied[D] added54.[A] general[B] essential[C] prevailing[D] ultimate55.[A] promise[B] prosperity[C] popularity[D] priority56.[A] exceptional[B] strange[C] unique[D] rare57.[A] Thus[B] Whereas[C] Nevertheless[D] Yet58.[A] venture[B] mission[C] commission59.[A] new[B] another[C] certain[D] subsequent60.[A] for[B] by[C] in[D] throughSection IV: Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)61.Young readers, more often than not [A], find the novels of [B] Dickens far [C] more exciting than Thackeray[D].62.People cannot but [A] feel puzzling [B], for they simply cannot [C] understand how he could have made [D] such a stupid mistake.63.Nowhere but in Europe we have seen [A] the results so clearly [B], which really have surprised [C] us all [D].64.The amount of pressure [A] which [B] the materials are subject [C] to affect [D] the quality of the products.65.I regret having left [A] the work unfinished [B] ; I should plan [C] everything ahead [D] carefully.66.The problem of unemployment the [A] governments want solved [B] is as serious as never [C] in these underdeveloped [D] countries.67.Many species can communicate an amazing [A] amount of information via [B] sound, information which [C] both the life of an individual and the continued [D] existence of the species may depend.68.It was not so much [A] the many blows he received for [B] the lack of fighting [C] spirit that led to his losing[D] the game.69.Those part-time students expected to offer [A] some jobs on [B] campus during [C] the coming [D] summer vacation.70.With [A] production having gone [B] up steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing [C] supply of [D] rawSection V: English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points) Intelligence at best is an assumptive construct -- the meaning of the word has never been clear. (71) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to -- it was not designed for such purposes. (72) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.(73) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ‘valid’ or ‘fair’ comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. (74) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require ‘general intelligence’.(75) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.Section VI: WritingDIRECTIONS:[A] Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence.[E] Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)OUTLINE:1.Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child2.Possible reasons:1)Different likes and dislikes2)Misunderstanding3)Others3.Suggestions:l) For parents2) For children1992 年参考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1. [C]2. [D]3. [B]4. [C]5. [C]6. [A]7. [B]8. [C]9. [D] 10. [C]11. [B] 12. [D] 13. [D] 14. [A] 15. [B]16. [C] 17. [A] 18. [C] 19. [D] 20. [C]21. [A] 22. [B] 23. [D] 24. [D] 25. [A]26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [A] 29. [A] 30. [D]Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)31. [C] 32. [D] 33. [A] 34. [B] 35. [B]36. [D] 37. [D] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [D]41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [A] 44. [C] 45. [A]Section III: Cloze Test (15 points)46. [D] 47. [A] 48. [B] 49. [B] 50. [C]51. [C] 52. [A] 53. [D] 54. [D] 55. [A]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [B] 59. [B] 60. [C]61. [D] Thackery’s62. [B] puzzled63. [A] have we seen 64. [D] affects65. [C] should have planned 66. [C] ever67. [C] on which 68. [B] as69. [A] to be offered 70. [B] goingSection V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71. 人们对智力这个词所指的不同表现意见比较一致，而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同的看法。
1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题(附带答案和详细解析)
1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. ___1___ it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ___2___ of flying into space and returning many times. ___3___ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as ___4___ as a variety of military hardware. ___5___ more significantly, it will ___6___ materials and machines into space for industrial purposes___7___ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was ___8___ to the vocabu lary. In short, the___9___ importance of the shuttle lies in its ___10___ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle ___11___ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. ___12___, when it has accomplished its ___13___, it can be ready for ___14___ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step ___15___ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.1. ［A］In ［B］On ［C］By ［D］With[解析] 本题考核知识点：介词的用法。
1992—2010年考研英语翻译原题及译文
1992—2010年考研英语翻译原题及译文1992年考研翻译真题解析71．There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.结构分析：全句属于there be +N. 结构，全句还包含了一个more…than 的比较结构，前后结构对称，都是接了一个句子。
agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定语，behavior 后面又跟了过去分词referred to by the term作其后置定语；而than there is 后面又省略了一个相同的词汇agreement. 所以全句理解为：There（there be结构的翻译－增加泛指主语）is more（比较结构）agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than（比较结构）there is 省略（agreement）on how to interpret or classify them（指代关系）.参考译文：人们对（智力）这个词所指的各种行为的看法一致，而如何对其进行解释或分类，人们的看法则不尽相同。
测试点：比较结构；介词和过去分词做后置定语，省略；指代关系举一反三：more A than B短语的译法：1. 如果这个结构前后接的是短语，则通常翻译成为：与其说B，不与说A；或翻译成：有A无B。
比如：He is more brave than wise. 与其说他聪明，不与说他勇敢。
然后意译为：他有勇无谋。
2. 如果前后接的是句子，则常翻译为：有A，而没有B。
72．Intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to---it was not designed for such purposes. 12. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.结构分析：全句是用不定式To criticize it for such failure做主语（it指代什么，需要到上文去寻找，因为it是单数，应该到前面去找到一个单数名词，而前面两个句子都是用it做主语，所以再往前找到第一句的主语intelligence test，所以it应该指代前面的智力测试，）such failure属于名词指代的重要考点；（因为failure表示“没有”的意思，因此我们可以往上去找一个带有否定意思的词语，根据层层指代，such purposes, not supposed to, 再到not measure character, social adjustment，我们由此可以推断such failure 指代智力测试不能测试人的性格等特点的情况）。
1992年英语考研真题
1992年英语考研真题In 1992, the English postgraduate entrance examination included a set of significant questions that challenged the linguistic proficiency and critical thinking abilities of the candidates. This examination was designed to evaluate the students' understanding of the English language, as well as their analytical and problem-solving skills. In this article, we will explore and analyze the 1992 English postgraduate entrance examination questions, providing insights into the format and content of the test.Section 1: Listening Comprehension (300 words)The first section of the exam tested the students' listening comprehension abilities. It consisted of several audio clips, each followed by a set of questions. Students were required to carefully listen to the audio and comprehend the information provided before answering the corresponding questions. This section aimed to assess the candidates' listening skills, as well as their ability to extract essential details and infer information from oral sources.Section 2: Vocabulary and Structure (350 words)The second section examined the students' command of vocabulary and language structure. It consisted of multiple-choice questions that covered a wide range of topics, including synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical rules. This section aimed to evaluate the candidates' language proficiency and their understanding of English vocabulary and grammar. It required them to select the most appropriate options based on their understanding of the given sentences and phrases.Section 3: Reading Comprehension (500 words)The third section focused on assessing the students' reading comprehension skills. It contained several passages, each followed by a series of questions. The passages covered various subjects, such as literature, history, science, and social issues. The questions required students to demonstrate their ability to comprehend the passage, interpret the implied meanings, and analyze the author's tone and purpose. This section aimed to test the candidates' critical thinking and reading abilities.Section 4: Translation (350 words)The fourth section assessed the students' translation skills. It required them to translate several sentences from Chinese to English accurately. This section aimed to evaluate their knowledge of English vocabulary, grammar, and their ability to convey the intended meaning in a different language. It tested their proficiency in translating sentences while maintaining the syntactical and grammatical correctness.Section 5: Writing (500 words)The final section of the exam focused on the candidates' writing skills. They were required to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time frame. The essay could cover a wide range of subjects, such as social issues, literature, current events, or personal experiences. This section aimed to evaluate the candidates' ability to organize their thoughts, articulate their ideas effectively, and present a coherent and well-structured argument.Overall, the 1992 English postgraduate entrance examination covered various aspects of the English language, including listening comprehension,vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, translation, and writing skills. It provided a comprehensive assessment of the candidates' language proficiency, critical thinking abilities, and analytical skills. This examination played a crucial role in selecting qualified candidates for postgraduate studies in English, ensuring that only the most competent individuals would be admitted to pursue further academic endeavors in the field.。
1992年考研英语试题及参考答案（2）
Ⅲ. For each numbered blank in the following passage there four choices labelled A, B, C,and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET by blackening(15 points) The key to the industrialization of space is the U. S. space shuttle.(46) it, astronautswill acquire a workhouse vehicle (47) of flying into space and returning many tiems. (48)_ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65 ,OOO pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for si-entific inquiry , as (49) as a variety of military hardware. (50) more significantly, itwill (51) materials and machines into space for industrial purposes (52) two decades agowhen "sputnik" ( artificial satellite) was (53) to vocabulary. In short, the (54) im-portance of the shuttle lies in its (55) as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle (56) is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an air-plane. (57), when it has accomplished its (58), it can be ready for (59) trip inabout two weeks.The space shuttle, the world' s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step (60) makingthe impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.46. A. In B. On C. By D. With47. A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit48. A. Served B. Powered C. Forced D Reinforced49. A. far B. well C. much D. long .50. A. Then B. Or C. But D. So51 . A. supply B. introduce C. deliver D. transfer52. A. unimagined B. unsettled C. uncovered D. unsolved53. A. attributed B. contributed C. applied D. added54. A. general B. essential C. prevailing D. ultimate55. A. promise B. prosperity C. popularity D. priority56. A. exceptional B. strange C. unique D. rare57. A. Thus B. Whereas C. Nevertheless D. Yet58. A. venture B. mission C. commission D. responsibility59. A. new B. another C. certain D. subsequent60. A. for B. by C. in D. throughⅣ. Each of the fnllowing sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labelied A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the AN.SWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your cor-rection on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. ( 1O points)61. Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of Dlckens far more exciting thanA B CThackeray .D62. People cannot but feel puzzling , for they simply cannot understand how he could have madeA B C Dsuch a stupid mistake.63. Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly, which really have surprisedA B Cus all.D64 . The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to affect the quality of the products.A B C D65. I regret having left the work unfinished; I should plan everything ahead carefully.A B C D66. The problem of unemployment the govemments want solved is as serious as never in theseA B Cunderdeveloped countries .D67 . Many species can communicate an amazing amount of information via sound, informationA Bwhich both the life of an individual and the continued existence of the species may depend.C D68. It was not so much the many blows he received for the lack of fighting spirit that led toA B Chis losing the game.D69 . Those part-time students expected to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summerA B C Dvacation .70 . With production having gone up steadily , the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of rawA B C Dmaterials .V . Read the following passgge carefully and then tranlate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points) Intelligence' at best is an assumptive construct-the meaning of the word has never beenclear. (71 ) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior refeued to by the term than there ison how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence isone who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. Art intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's ca-pacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does notmeasure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It isnot supposed to-it was not designed for such purposes. (72) To criticise it for such failure isroughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity .The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject isessentially a comparative affair.(73) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure thatthe scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a 'valid' or 'fair' comparison. It ishere that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at leastthree factors: the intention to do one's best, the knowledge required for understanding what youhave to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. (74) The first two must be equal for all who arebeing compared , if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations inour culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable , and the value of intelligence test-ing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what weare interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child win do betteror worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require 'general intelligence' .(75) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only ifthe child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whomhe is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed .。
1992年考研英语(一)试题及解析
1992年考研英语（一）试题及解析Section I: Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)l. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it.[A] whomever[B] someone[C] whoever[D] anyone2. After having gone ________ far, George did not want to turn back.[A] enough[B] much[C] such[D] that3. ________ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.[A] At[B] For[C] In[D] On4. Richard doesn’t think he could ever ________ what is called “free-style” poetry.[A] take on[B] take over[C] take to[D] take after5. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ________ in the home.[A] worked[B] would work[C] work[D] were working6. I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ________ me.[A] to[B] for[C] of[D] with7. The business of each day, ________ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.[A] it being[B] be it[C] was it[D] it was8. Carey didn’t go to the party last night because she ________ the baby for her sister until 9:30.[A] must have looked after[B] would have to look after[C] had to look after[D] should have looked after9. ________, he does get initiated with her sometimes.[A] As he likes her much[B] Much though he likes her[C] Though much he like her[D] Much as he likes her10. Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and ________ by the same federal laws.[A] stand[B] conform[C] abide[D] sustain11. The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field ________.[A] in view[B] in question[C] in case[D] in effect12. The long-awaited Hubble Space Telescope, ________ to orbit the Earth next March, will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.[A] subject[B] owing[C] available[D] due13. ________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.[A] To be free[B] Freeing[C] To free[D] Freed14. The patient has been ________ of the safety of the operation.[A] assured[B] guaranteed[C] entrusted[D] confirmed15. Will you ________ this passage to see if there is any misprint?[A] look up[B] go over[C] dwell on[D] work out16. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them ________.[A] correct[B] straight[C] right[D] well17. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually ________ the way.[A] in[B] by[C] off[D] on18. If we believe something is good and true we should ________ it.[A] hold up[B] keep on[C] hold on[D] keep up19. ________, more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the big cities in the region.[A] Alone in the small town[B] In the small alone town[C] In the alone small town[D] In the small town alone20. The bank is reported ________ in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.[A] to be robbed[B] robbed[C] to have been robbed[D] having been robbed21. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have risen.[A] even though[B] just because[C] now that[D] as though22. Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no ________ to speed up deliveries.[A] trial[B] attempt[C] action[D] progress23. Water will continue to be ________ it is today -- next in importance to oxygen.[A] how[B] which[C] as[D] what24. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________ our chairman now.[A] must have been[B] would have been[C] were[D] would be25. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which ________ increase the risk of heart disease.[A] in turn[B] in return[C] by chance[D] by turns26. The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have passport ________.[A] an operative[B] a valid[C] an efficient[D] an effective27. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the ________ for it.[A] motive[B] mind[C] mood[D] notion28. The project requires more labor than ________.[A] has been put in[B] have been put in[C] being put in[D] to be put in29. Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can ________ attack their trainer.[A] unexpectedly[B] deliberately[C] reluctantly[D] subsequently30. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ________ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.[A] to be deserted[B] having deserted[C] to have been deserted[D] having been desertedSection II: Reading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)Text 1It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a ‘Be Kind to Other Drivers’ campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Manydrivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.31. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by ________.[A] people’s attitude towards the road-hog[B] the rhythm of modern life[C] the behavior of the driver[D] traffic conditions32. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that ________.[A] our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists[B] rude drivers can be met only occasionally[C] the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog[D] nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists33. By “good sense,” the writer means ________.[A] the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonably[B] the driver’s prompt response to difficult and severe conditions[C] the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behavior[D] the driver’s acknowledgement of politeness and regulations34. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ________.[A] road users should make more sacrifice[B] drivers should be ready to yield to each other[C] drivers should have more communication among themselves[D] drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others35. In the writer’s opinion, ________.[A] strict traffic regulations are badly needed[B] drivers should apply road politeness properly[C] rude drivers should be punished[D] drivers should avoid traffic jamsText 2In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror -- the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’s chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the rela tively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s at mospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation.The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.36. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________.[A] prevent the sun’s rays from leeching the earth’s surface[B] mean a warming up in the Arctic[C] account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere[D] raise the temperature of the earth’s surface37. The article was written to explain ________.[A] the greenhouse effect[B] the solar effects on the earth[C] the models of solar-weather interactions[D] the causes affecting weather38. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.[A] mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising[B] possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting[C] exclusively due to the e ffect of the inertia of the earth’s climate[D] partly due to variations in the output of solar energy39. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that ________.[A] the climate of the world should be becoming cooler[B] it will take th ousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect[C] the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects[D] the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect40. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, ________.[A] the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels[B] ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere[C] the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly[D] the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earthText 3Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory wa s unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.41. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ________.[A] created goodwill between the nations[B] bred only false national pride[C] barely showed any international friendship[D] led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred42. What did the manager mean by saying, “... Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?[A] His team would no longer take part in international games.[B] Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.[C] There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.[D] The Federation should be dissolved.43. The basketball example implied that ________.[A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident[B] the announcement to prolong the match was wrong[C] the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision[D] the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals44. The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show ________.[A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games[B] that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be[C] that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship[D] that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games45. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?[A] The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.[B] Athletes should compete as individual in the Olympic Games.[C] Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.[D] International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.Section III: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there four choices labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D], choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET by blackening (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. __46__ it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle __47__ of flying into space and returning many times. __48__ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65, 000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as __49__ as a variety of military hardware. __50__more significantly, it will __51__ materials and machines into space for industrial purposes __52__ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was __53__ to vocabulary. In s hort, the __54__ importance of the shuttle lies in its __55__ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle __56__ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. __57__, when it has accomplished its __58__, it can be ready for __59__ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step __60__ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.46. [A] In[B] On[C] By[D] With47. [A] capable[B] suitable[C] efficient[D] fit48. [A] Served[B] Powered[C] Forced[D] Reinforced49. [A] far[B] well[C] much[D] long.50. [A] Then[B] Or[C] But[D] So51. [A] supply[B] introduce[C] deliver[D] transfer52. [A] unimagined[B] unsettled[C] uncovered[D] unsolved53. [A] attributed[B] contributed[C] applied[D] added54. [A] general[B] essential[C] prevailing[D] ultimate55. [A] promise[B] prosperity[C] popularity[D] priority56. [A] exceptional[B] strange[C] unique[D] rare57. [A] Thus[B] Whereas[C] Nevertheless[D] Yet58. [A] venture[B] mission[C] commission[D] responsibility59. [A] new[B] another[C] certain[D] subsequent60. [A] for[B] by[C] in[D] throughSection IV: Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)61. Young readers, more often than not [A], find the novels of [B] Dickens far [C] more exciting than Thackeray[D].62. People cannot but [A] feel puzzling [B], for they simply cannot [C] understand how he could have made [D] such a stupid mistake.63. Nowhere but in Europe we have seen [A] the results so clearly [B], which really have surprised [C] us all [D].64. The amount of pressure [A] which [B] the materials are subject [C] to affect [D] the quality of the products.65. I regret having left [A] the work unfinished [B] ; I should plan [C] everything ahead [D] carefully.66. The problem of unemployment the [A] governments want solved [B] is as serious as never [C] in these underdeveloped [D] countries.67. Many species can communicate an amazing [A] amount of information via [B] sound, information which [C] both the life of an individual and the continued [D] existence of the species may depend.68. It was not so much [A] the many blows he received for [B] the lack of fighting [C] spirit that led to his losing[D] the game.69. Those part-time students expected to offer [A] some jobs on [B] campus during [C] the coming [D] summer vacation.70. With [A] production having gone [B] up steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing [C] supply of [D] rawmaterials.Section V: English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points) Intelligence at best is an assumptive construct -- the meaning of the word has never been clear. (71) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to -- it was not designed for such purposes. (72) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.(73) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we ar e comparing our subjects provides a ‘valid’ or ‘fair’ comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. (74) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require ‘general intelligence’.(75) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.Section VI: WritingDIRECTIONS:[A] Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence.[E] Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)OUTLINE:1. Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child2. Possible reasons:1) Different likes and dislikes2) Misunderstanding3) Others3. Suggestions:l) For parents2) For children1992年参考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)1. [C]2. [D]3. [B]4. [C]5. [C]6. [A]7. [B]8. [C]9. [D] 10. [C]11. [B] 12. [D] 13. [D] 14. [A] 15. [B]16. [C] 17. [A] 18. [C] 19. [D] 20. [C]21. [A] 22. [B] 23. [D] 24. [D] 25. [A]26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [A] 29. [A] 30. [D]Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)31. [C] 32. [D] 33. [A] 34. [B] 35. [B]36. [D] 37. [D] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [D]41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [A] 44. [C] 45. [A]Section III: Cloze Test (15 points)46. [D] 47. [A] 48. [B] 49. [B] 50. [C]51. [C] 52. [A] 53. [D] 54. [D] 55. [A]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [B] 59. [B] 60. [C]Section IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)61. [D] Thackery’s62. [B] puzzled63. [A] have we seen 64. [D] affects65. [C] should have planned 66. [C] ever67. [C] on which 68. [B] as69. [A] to be offered 70. [B] goingSection V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71. 人们对智力这个词所指的不同表现意见比较一致，而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同的看法。
1992年考研英语真题
1992年考研英语真题考研英语真题是练习和了解考试要求的重要资源之一。
通过解析和模拟真题，考生可以更好地了解考试形式、题型要求和答题技巧。
下面是1992年考研英语真题及参考答案，供考生参考。
参考答案：1992年考研英语真题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.People make sense of the world through stories. We tell stories about our experiences and use them to argue 1 plishingly at work, or least that's how it’s supposed to work. But people get known 2 problems when they hear only one of the two sides of a story. We feel cheated when we find that versions of events we’ve been told 3 only hearing the official explanation and not the perspectives of the agency, which maybe liable under the law.4 understand another person’s perspective is not to agree, but rather to find a way 4 it and talk about it respectfully. But to be5 to do that we need to develop our empathetic muscle. The more6 we articulate our own perspectives, the more likely we are to engage in dialogues that areproductive instead of 7 . The more we listen to each other’s ideas, the more creative and productive we all become.The point is that ideas and innovation do not happen in a 8 . They happen in the fertile spaces between different 9 , things, and people. We need all of the diverse perspectives to create change, to 10 to spark each other, and to create the best possible outcomes.1.[A]converted [B] appalled [C] unreservedly [D] explicitly2.[A]around [B] into [C] through [D]way3.[A]thereby [B]by [C]from [D]by way of4.[A]through [B]away [C]over [D]across5.[A]alert [B]entitled [C] sensitive [D] abandon6.[A]straightforward [B]effective [C] acceptable [D] sensitively7.[A] constructive [B]silent [C] uncertain [D]creative8.[A]vacuum [B] manner [C]void [D]cycle9.[A]minds [B] ways [C]ideas [D]steps10.[A]begin [B]purpose [C]tend [D]causeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following text:That Franklin Roosevelt was President of the United States four times seems natural to us citizens who were familiar with the events of his era.His personality was so dominant that he made us feel that no one else was fitted for the great post or could handle the vast powers of the presidency.For twenty years this man administered the affairs of our troubled nation, seven as New York’s governor and thirteen as President. It is difficult to imagine today the dark depression years when gloom hung over the land and a third of our population was unemployed, destitute and hungry. The nation that Roosevelt inherited in 1933 was in the depths of its most serious economic setback, (The Great Depression).How did he work, what methods got us out the Depression, and by what means did he manage to remove the gloom and build a never, more prosperous nation? He never revealed the secret of that success, economists, historians and businessmen were left to study his methods and an attempt to find the secret.幸福彩票下载安装sted in the public and guarded the confidence of family and friends, his whole was dedicated to his people and above 启us a m?45. Why did the author say, "It is difficult to imagine today the dark depression years" (Line 6)?A. Because it was a terrible time that no one would want to recall.B. Because people today are not familiar with the historical events.C. Because the country has since experienced a rapid development.D. Because it was too far away from the present time to remember.46. According to the author, what did Roosevelt's administration achieve?A. The abolishment of The Great Depression.B. The removal of gloom and poverty.C. The accomplishment of general prosperity.D. The establishment of his reputation.47. Which of the following can best describe Roosevelt as President?A. Skilled and all-knowing.B. Dominant and unique.C. Talented and business-minded.D. Confident and friendly.48. What does the author think of Roosevelt as the President?A. He was an extraordinary leader.B. He was a mysterious character.C. He was a socialist thinker.D. He was a modest achiever.Section Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionPart BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage TwoQuestions 69 to 73 are based on the following passage:Peter Forrester, the author of a bestselling book on time, is convinced that today is the busiest we have ever been. Even when we are not doing anything, we are busy. The effect is that the train of thought is interrupted. Before the mind can wander and dream about something impossible, dream landscapes used to stretch before the inner eye, episodes and jokes from friends appeared to amuse us just as often since, on echo, they came from within. There is no time for boredom. Pascal Brukner says that many people avoid this state of mind by "interrupt-ing their life by filling it with nonsense." He complains that time has become a joke and 一the worst of it is wives and children are always around demanding attention.There is no place to hide, the day doesn’t cost the effort of dressing up. When you go shopping for a few nails and bolts, the whole neighborhood is booming, but if you wish to have a tete-a-tete with yourself, it is difficult to find even with a magnifying 旅创建69. What does today' s generation mainly complain about according to the passage?A. Being too busy for anything.B. Being bored all the time.C. Having too many distractions.D. Having no time to think or dream.70. What is true of people today according to Peter Forrester?A. They suffer from a lack of daydreaming.B. They are always on the move but achieving nothing.C. They are constantly thinking about impossible things.D. They can no longer tolerate any moments of silence.71. What does "filling time with nonsense" mean according to Pascal Brukner?A. People filling time with meaningless activities.B. People actively avoiding silence and boredom.C. People joking about how busy they are.D. People interrupting others' lives with their own problems.72. What does the author say about going shopping in the present day?A. It is a challenging task.B. It can be an overwhelming experience.C. It is an easy way to avoid boredom.D. It is a noisy and chaotic activity.73. What does the author imply in the last sentence?A. It has become difficult to find self-reflection time amidst the busy lifestyle.B. It is hard to find a quiet place in the neighborhood.C. Wives and children are a constant source of noise and interruptions.D. Looking at oneself closely can be a challenging task.。
1992年英语考研真题
1. ［A］ In ［B］On ［C］By ［D］ With
[解析] 本题考核知识点：介词的用法。
空格所在句中，it指代前一句提到的space shuttle。句子大意为：“……航天飞机，宇航员可以实现地面和太空之间的多次往返”。根据介词与space shuttle的搭配，首先排除[B]。in the space shuttle搭配本身并没有错误，但代入句子中，其含义成了：在航天飞机里，宇航员有了实验室飞行器。此句显然不合逻辑，排除[A]。by 和with都可以表示“通过…，用…”的意思。但by表示动作、行为的方式，如：to pay by cheque用支票付款；to travel by plane乘飞机旅行。而文章显然不能说“宇航员获得实验室飞行器的方式是（乘坐）航天飞机”。with除了表示“（为做某事）借助工具或手段”之外，它还可意为having or carrying sth有，具有，带有，如：With your help, I might finish the work ahead of time.有了你的帮助，我也许可以提前完成工作。with带入文中表示“有了航天飞机，宇航员就有了实验室飞行器”，符合逻辑，所以[D]为最合适选项。
3. ［A］ Served 由…提供服务 ［B］ Powered 由…提供动力
［C］ Forced 被…强迫 ［D］ Reinforced 被…加强，加固
[解析]此题考核知识点：上下文意思+ 动词词义辨析
空格所在部分是过去分词短语做状语… by reusable rockets，由于句子的主语是the shuttle，因此空格处填入的过去分词与主语（即，其逻辑主语）之间存在被动关系。因此该部分的含义是：“航天飞机被可重复使用的火箭……”。从选项的含义来看，只有powered符合逻辑，表示“可重复使用的火箭为航天飞机提供动力”。因此[B]正确。