2016学年度虹口区高三英语一模解析(17年高三一模)语法填空

2016届上海虹口区高三一模英语试题及答案

虹口区2015学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2016。

1第 I 卷（共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。

A. In a library。

B。

In a theater。

C. In a cinema.D. In a classroom。

2。

A. 40 dollars。

B. 30 dollars。

C。

20 dollars。

D. 10 dollars。

3. A。

Doctor and nurse。

B. Cashier and customer.C。

Dentist and patient. D. Conductor and passenger。

4。

A。

The weather was miserable all day。

B。

The trip was really a hard one。

C。

They had a wet and cold trip。

D。

They were not caught in the rain。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----六选四--老师版(已经校对)

Do you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?67-70: DFACWould You B ully(欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?___67___ Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. ___68___ This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind ourassumedparked truck for a long time.Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering, it’s about human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. ___69___ “If you view the road as a social space, you willconsciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortabl e engaging with AVs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.___70___ A statistic often trotted out(动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration. 67-70 AFBETen years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. ___67___ Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work.As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work r eminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. ___68___ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dreamto become a high school biology teacher.__69___ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.___70___ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.67—70 EBFAZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education ofthe public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.67-70 CEDAA few years ago, a Finnish app took the mobile gaming world by storm. Its set-up was simpleand its idea illogical: Angry Birds was little more than a shooting game, with birds instead of bullets and green pigs in place of targets. 67 Shortly after Angry Birds took off, audiences found a new distraction in Fruit Ninja, a game where the object was to chop falling produce. Then there was Candy Crush, where players could save a candy kingdom by matching like-colored bonbons.68 That was their charm, after all: They were knowingly ridiculous or illogical, an attack into mindless amusement. In games like Angry Birds, players found an escape from reality. All they had to do is resign themselves to the logic of the game, a world of simple cause-and-effect: Slingshot a bird, kill a pig, score points.Fast forward to 2016, and there's now an Angry Birds movie, here to fill you in on all the details you never wished to know. The birds have been given personalities, motives and back-stories, and so have the evil green pigs. Meanwhile, the game's nonsense had to be made sense of due to a necessary plot for a movie. Logic replaced illogic. Angry Birds is not alone in having its gray areas sketched in for the big screen. Hollywood has made an industry of answering the questions no one ever thought to ask; to the point of even giving a brand of toy blocks its own story in 2014’s The Lego Movie. Countless secondary characters have also been pulled from the sidelines and given their own opportunities to show on the screen. That includes the forgetful blue fish Dory from 2003’s Finding Nemo. 69 Viewers no longer have the luxury of imagining back-stories for their favorite characters, or debating the open-ended questions in a film’s source materials: An endless flow of prequels(前传), sequels(续传) and spin-offs(衍生产品) fill in those blanks for them.70 They'll know. Everything will be determined for them: According to the movie, the main bird Red gets picked on for his bushy eyebrows, and that leaves him feeling isolated and, well, angry. In some ways, Hollywood has taken on the role of fan fiction writers, by expanding and exploring every corner of its fictional universes. But when these universes expand too widely, what will be left to imagine?67-70：CE FAIn so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from thereal person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen67-70 BFACNo matter how early she went to bed, Maggie couldn't fall asleep until the early hours. Though constantly exhausted, Maggie got good grades in school, but she often got in trouble for napping during her morning classes.After graduating from college, Maggie realized her dream of becoming a teacher. However, waking up for her 8:30 a.m. classes turned her into a zombie (无生气的人) , and she lost her job because she lacked enthusiasm.Maggie isn’t lazy. She suffers from delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS，睡眠相位后移症候群)----a disorder that affects one in 750 adults that causes them to be somewhat nocturnal （夜间活动的）. DSPS is often confused with insomnia(失眠），perhaps because sufferers seem tired duringthe day. However, the two disorders are very different. Insomniacs have trouble with the process offalling asleep.67They just can’t fall asleep early even if they want to.Essentially, DSPS means a person's internal clock is set differently. ____ 68 _______ A s aresult,they're out of sync(同步）with the rest of society. People with DSPS struggle to keep their eyes open during morning meetings because their bodies are convinced it*s the middle of the night. They seem less efficient and creative at the office, and make more workplace accidents. DSPS also damages their health, causing depression, anxiety, heart disease and many other illnesses due to sleep deprivation.______69_______ . Fortunately, that’s not the case. Flexible work schedules are already verycommon. Traditionally, managers tend to think more people in the office equals more output, but new research shows that people who work flexible hours are more productive and more likely to stay with their company because they are happier and healthier. Thanks to these findings, many European countries have passed laws giving every worker the right to apply for a flexible work arrangement. According to Cary Cooper, a psychologist at Lancaster University, most U.K. employees will be working half from home in five years.This is great news not just for DSPS sufferers but also for their companies. 70 Consequently, they will be able to save a large sum of money.KEYS: FACDHow to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could bedestroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people withit._________67____________.Steps1.Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick anddrag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later.You should do more than this, but it's most important to take the most valuable,irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guardagainst hard drive failure, theft or loss.2.Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are:How replaceable is this data?How good are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things likebusiness accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thingshould be your first priority.3.Start making backups.__________69__________Diminishing returns(效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it.4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.67-70 FDEATutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Cana da alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.69________ “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, presi dent of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”70 ________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actua lly asked for one.FADBIn 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger,therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.67-70 FABDFor centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.67-70 EFCDIt is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 67 _____. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement -- checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home -- has a more powerful influence on students, academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud, is devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.68 ______. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.But not just any talk. 69 _______. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics founds that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal (双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thought and opinions matter.The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear tal k about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academicsocialization” -- setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 70 _______.67----70 DACBWhere do you think the world's happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 67 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let's start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there's another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant's final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don't choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There's a philosophy in Denmark known as "Jante-love", which translates as "you're no better than anybody else." ___68___ But workers in otherr countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn't seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a "post consumerist" society. ___69___ What is more important is the sense of society and it's no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are evenpaid for by the government.___70___ They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You'll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. Perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes---simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.67----70 EBFCWhy should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? _____67_____. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. _____68_____. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction —which has saved many lives —in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the spaceindustry!_____69_____. The chances of a large comet (彗星) hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. _____70_____.. keys:67-70 DAFB。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)--老师版(全部带答案精准校对)

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it‘s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow(枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn‘t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram(死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: ―If you organi ze five hours of study into one hour a day, you‘ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.‖Don‘t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, sugge sts that ―you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter(荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.‖Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there‘s no harm in indulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‗katsu‘, meaning ‗winning‘.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‗lucky underwear‘.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!Keys:The best strategy to achieve good results in the exam is to study books early. According to experts, time management and self-testing in advance will also do you good. Furthermore,habitual psychological hint is helpful, too. Meanwhile, other factors such as necessary preparations, good sleep, nutritious diet and self-confidence can pay off your efforts as well. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald‘s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald‘s and every time an employee asked if he would like to ―super size‖ the meal, he had to agree. ―Super sizing‖ refers to the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald‘s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn‘t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says ―I‘d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I‘m not going to ―super size‖. Maybe I‘m not going have any junk food at all. I‘m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we‘re eating and have a relationship with each other.‘‖ Food for thought indeed.Keys:Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made adocumentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald‘s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what‘s good for us and what isn‘t, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It‘s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free‘ milk? Tofu or chicken? It‘s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in thegarden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.Keys:Food choices affect health and behavior.However, it‘s not easy to make healthy ones.Because confusing/contradictory food informationand misleading food labels are making shopping difficult/a challenge. Urban gardening is a good way to making healthy food choices.Urban gardening also have other benefits: getting fresh and cheap food, a way of exercise and learning food knowledge for children. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn‘t have to be restricted to fr iends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists‘ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.Keys:Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allow people to keep in close touch with friends old or new ,but they provide potential job opportunities and encourage online business promotion plus interaction.Moreover, they facilitate the organization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferences globally.(54words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that people learn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at the University of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than the other. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant they preferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life. However, it‘s still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked with Judith, points out, ―By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.‖That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delaware found that babies‘ brains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quickly come to prefer these faces, Schein says.It‘s well-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella. She is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. ―Perhaps average faces aremore attractive because they seem more familiar.‖Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of young adults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa. Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture and standards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. One image was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20 British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average —that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza and British faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.―The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what an average European face looks like,‖ Apicella concludes. ―If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?‖Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. ―The prefere nce for average itself is biologically based,‖ Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.Keys:Babies‘ preference to attractive faces indicates people begin to prefer pretty faces at an early age. Researches show average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people. Meanwhile, people‘s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certain faces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person‘s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Keys:There are three types of Loneliness.Temporary loneliness disappears quickly and can be neglected. Situational loneliness is caused by the change of circumstance, which may lead to problems.Chronic Loneliness lasts the longest and is harmful. The victims often feel hopeless. Loneliness is usually caused when people need more social contacts than they have. (53 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates ourbrains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes (激发)the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies dueto complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin (内啡肽).Endorphins are the body‘s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother‘s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstreamtreatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. Sonext time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Keys:Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness. Because our brain can be stimulated by responding to music, different kinds of music have different effects. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to produce effects to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is regarded as an effective additional to treatment. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症)has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengershighlight the conflict betweenairlines‘ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro,an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesityby insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a ―fat tax‖). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory (歧视的), but some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do with the condition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn‘t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.―We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it viol ates the Air Carrier Access Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,‖ she says. ―The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.‖Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and issued a ‗one-person, one-fare‘ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ‗clinically obese‘ and who cannot fit into a single seat.Keys:With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can‘t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines‘ needs and passenger rights, many airlines ask overweight passengers to pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy―We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,‖ said James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Keys:Gene therapy, which prevents or cures disease by inserting healthy genes into defective cells rather than by means of surgery or medicine, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though in the initial phases, gene therapy has been successful in treating both children and older patients with genetic disease. However, more research is called for to ensure its security. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would ―seriously consider‖ teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: ―I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.‖It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don‘t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here‘s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: ―I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.‖The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers‘ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in o ther professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Keys:Secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons are low salary and kid‘s bad behavior, which push talents to business occupations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline them at home. Also, government should increase teachers‘ income and promote a teaching campaign todisplay teaching‘s bright side. (60 words)/It is reported that many secondary schools in UK have trouble enrolling young teachers due to the low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parents should be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government are encouraged to improve teachers‘ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it‘s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you‘re ―hot‖. That‘s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: ―Get up, John! You‘ll be late for work again!‖ The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can‘t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you‘re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won‘t change your cycle, but you‘ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.Keys:Everyone has an energy cycle, which is individually different. When your body temperature reaches the peak, you‘ll feel most energetic. Though we can‘t change the cycle, we can form some habits to make our life fit better and avoid many conflicts with people. Additionally, getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save our energy. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms, and Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will better prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It‘s difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But e-books can be uploaded onto a ―blank‖ laptop in a few hours.Cost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but here are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they‘re buying the instructional material. That may change as more and more districts move towards e-books.Today‘s students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving ISD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers.―It‘s harder for people who are right around my age and older.‖ said Ms. Cooley, 36. ―I‘m。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)--老师版(全部带答案精准校对)

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it‘s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow(枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magically absorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn‘t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram(死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: ―If you organi ze five hours of study into one hour a day, you‘ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.‖Don‘t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, sugge sts that ―you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter(荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.‖Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there‘s no harm in indulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‗katsu‘, meaning ‗winning‘.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‗lucky underwear‘.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!Keys:The best strategy to achieve good results in the exam is to study books early. According to experts, time management and self-testing in advance will also do you good. Furthermore,habitual psychological hint is helpful, too. Meanwhile, other factors such as necessary preparations, good sleep, nutritious diet and self-confidence can pay off your efforts as well. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald‘s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald‘s and every time an employee asked if he would like to ―super size‖ the meal, he had to agree. ―Super sizing‖ refers to the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald‘s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn‘t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says ―I‘d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I‘m not going to ―super size‖. Maybe I‘m not going have any junk food at all. I‘m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we‘re eating and have a relationship with each other.‘‖ Food for thought indeed.Keys:Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made adocumentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald‘s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what‘s good for us and what isn‘t, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It‘s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free‘ milk? Tofu or chicken? It‘s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in thegarden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.Keys:Food choices affect health and behavior.However, it‘s not easy to make healthy ones.Because confusing/contradictory food informationand misleading food labels are making shopping difficult/a challenge. Urban gardening is a good way to making healthy food choices.Urban gardening also have other benefits: getting fresh and cheap food, a way of exercise and learning food knowledge for children. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn‘t have to be restricted to fr iends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists‘ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.Keys:Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allow people to keep in close touch with friends old or new ,but they provide potential job opportunities and encourage online business promotion plus interaction.Moreover, they facilitate the organization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferences globally.(54words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that people learn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at the University of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than the other. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant they preferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life. However, it‘s still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked with Judith, points out, ―By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.‖That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delaware found that babies‘ brains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quickly come to prefer these faces, Schein says.It‘s well-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella. She is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. ―Perhaps average faces aremore attractive because they seem more familiar.‖Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of young adults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa. Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture and standards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. One image was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20 British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average —that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza and British faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.―The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what an average European face looks like,‖ Apicella concludes. ―If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?‖Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. ―The prefere nce for average itself is biologically based,‖ Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.Keys:Babies‘ preference to attractive faces indicates people begin to prefer pretty faces at an early age. Researches show average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people. Meanwhile, people‘s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certain faces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person‘s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Keys:There are three types of Loneliness.Temporary loneliness disappears quickly and can be neglected. Situational loneliness is caused by the change of circumstance, which may lead to problems.Chronic Loneliness lasts the longest and is harmful. The victims often feel hopeless. Loneliness is usually caused when people need more social contacts than they have. (53 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates ourbrains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes (激发)the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies dueto complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin (内啡肽).Endorphins are the body‘s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother‘s womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstreamtreatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. Sonext time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Keys:Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness. Because our brain can be stimulated by responding to music, different kinds of music have different effects. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to produce effects to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is regarded as an effective additional to treatment. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症)has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengershighlight the conflict betweenairlines‘ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro,an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting in crew seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesityby insisting passengers of size buy two seats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which has become known as a ―fat tax‖). At first glance, the fat tax issue sounds discriminatory (歧视的), but some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do with the condition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their 50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn‘t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese people should be entitled to having certain rights protected.―We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it viol ates the Air Carrier Access Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,‖ she says. ―The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.‖Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue in 2009, and issued a ‗one-person, one-fare‘ ruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those passengers include ones who are ‗clinically obese‘ and who cannot fit into a single seat.Keys:With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can‘t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines‘ needs and passenger rights, many airlines ask overweight passengers to pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy―We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,‖ said James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Keys:Gene therapy, which prevents or cures disease by inserting healthy genes into defective cells rather than by means of surgery or medicine, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though in the initial phases, gene therapy has been successful in treating both children and older patients with genetic disease. However, more research is called for to ensure its security. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would ―seriously consider‖ teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: ―I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.‖It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don‘t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here‘s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: ―I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.‖The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers‘ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in o ther professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Keys:Secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons are low salary and kid‘s bad behavior, which push talents to business occupations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline them at home. Also, government should increase teachers‘ income and promote a teaching campaign todisplay teaching‘s bright side. (60 words)/It is reported that many secondary schools in UK have trouble enrolling young teachers due to the low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parents should be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government are encouraged to improve teachers‘ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it‘s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you‘re ―hot‖. That‘s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: ―Get up, John! You‘ll be late for work again!‖ The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can‘t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you‘re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won‘t change your cycle, but you‘ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.Keys:Everyone has an energy cycle, which is individually different. When your body temperature reaches the peak, you‘ll feel most energetic. Though we can‘t change the cycle, we can form some habits to make our life fit better and avoid many conflicts with people. Additionally, getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save our energy. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usually accessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms, and Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will better prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It‘s difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But e-books can be uploaded onto a ―blank‖ laptop in a few hours.Cost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but here are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they‘re buying the instructional material. That may change as more and more districts move towards e-books.Today‘s students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving ISD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers.―It‘s harder for people who are right around my age and older.‖ said Ms. Cooley, 36. ―I‘m。

2016年高三英语一模汇编--选词填空

2015-2016学年高三英语一模汇编 ---- 选词填空Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beJohn Nash, a Nobel Prize winner and mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film "A Beautiful Mind", was killed in a car accident on Saturday. He was 86. The accident ___41___ when the taxi Nash was traveling in ran into another car on the New Jersey Turnpike. Neither of the two drivers involved in the accident underwent life-___42___ injuries.At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page essay about the field of game theory, which led to ___43___ in economics, international politics, and evolutionary biology. His signature solution found that competition among two opponents is not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance, each achieve their maximum ___44___ through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. This simple understanding is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century, and a proof to his almost unique ___45___ gifts.But in the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness and each therapy failed to cure him, and for much of the next three decades, Nash ___46___ freely on the Princeton campus, scratching his hands on empty blackboards and staring blankly ahead in the library. Robert Wright remembers Nash as “some math genius that went crazy ” who wore colorful shoes and quietly watched people. His mental illness removed him ___47___ from his work. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn’t published a paper in 36 years.But like a child cured of a terrible dream by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. Five years later, the ___48___ of the film “A Beautiful Mind”, based on Sylvia Nasar ’s 1998 book of the same name, expanded Nash ’s ___49___ life story to an international audience. He continued to work, travel, and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.It’s tempting to wonder w hat Nash might have ___50___, had mental illness not robbed him ofso many productive years. “Because the ideas I had about super natural beings came to me the same way that my mathematical ideas did,” said Nash . “So I took them seriously.”D I B F C A K HE JChinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured （契约的labour, after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks，farm labours and etc.Indentured Chinese __42__ worked in all colonies variously as station hands，plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.Due to labour __43__ in west Australia ，the colonial government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898，most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of the New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia；about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered in Queensland, North Territory and Tasmania.When mining became less __47__，many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making，market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods，especially tea，silk，vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea，were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into __48___ evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese __49___ in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every day by __50 __of Lunar New Year.答案：41. K 42. G 43.E 44.B 45. H 46. A 47.C 48.J 49.I 50. FSEATTLE-For the more than 10 million Americans with colorblindness, there's never been a treatment, let alone a cure, for the condition that leaves them unable to distinguish curtain colors.Now, for the first time, two University of Washington professors have teamed with a California biotech firm to develop what they say may be a 41 : a single shot in the eye that can reveal the world in full color.Jay and Maureen Neitz, who have studied the vision disorder for years, have found a new way to deliver genes that can replace missing color-producing proteins in certain cells, called cones, in the eyes.The trouble will 42 when people are born without one or more of the three types of color-sensing proteins normally present in the cones of the retina(视网膜). The most common type is red-green colorblindness, followed by blue-yellow colorblindness. A very small proportion of the population is 43 colorblind, seeing only shades of gray.Colorblindness is often a/an 44 disorder. It affects mostly men, who can inherit a mutation(变异)on the X chromosome(染色体)that weakens their perception of red and green. A much smaller part of cases are in women, who have two X chromosomes, which gives them a better chance of avoiding effects of any geneticimperfection.Most people think of colorblindness as a/an 45 or disability, mainly causing problems with unmatched shirts and socks. But the Neitzes say the condition can have profound impacts-limiting choices for education or careers, making driving dangerous, and forcing continual 46 to a world designed for color vision."There are an awful lot of people who feel like their life is 47 because they don't see color," said Jay Neitz, 61, a professor, who confirmed in 1989 that dogs are colorblind, too.People may not 48 as commercial pilots, for instance, if they're colorblind. Other careers that can be 49 include those of chefs, decorators, electricians and house painters, all of which require detailed color vision.Undoubtedly, the Neitzes' findings have brought great benefits to those who are born unable to distinguish between red and green. But that technique is 50 , requiring surgery, so the Neitzes are looking for another way to do the job.答案：41. B 42. I 43.K 44.D 45. H 46. C 47.G 48.J 49. E 50. AWhen young people begin to live independently, home-hunting can involve some stress. But they would do well to remember that a new 41 is available—micro-homes.Fondly called “tiny houses,” these houses have all living necessities in a small package, including kitchen, bedroom and bathroom. Generally under 50 square meters, most tiny houses 42 just one or two people though some claim the space for more. What’s lost in size is not lost in design as these homes are often quite unique and modern in design.Besides an attractive appearance, tiny houses can also 43 unique practical features. Making the best of urban space, the 72-to 122-centimeter-wide Keret House in Warsaw, the world’s narrowest home, filled in an alley (小巷). The sample home Ecocapsule uses solar power, wind power and rainwater collection to enable its owner to live practically anywhere. A system of rails allows the DALE micro-home to 44 room size and number as well as adding the option of an open or 45 courtyard.As visually 46 as micro-homes are, there are a few disadvantages to consider before getting comfortable on a minicouch. Moving into a tiny house requires the 47 of most non-essentials, no matter the emotional connection to them. Guests will also mostly be out of the question as the limited space may even cause a(n) 48 individual to experience some cabin fever. And finally, a micro-home is likely a temporary living option for most people since they will probably start families and acquire more 49 .Though the limitation will scare some, there is usually a benefit. A small size results in a small price tag and small bills, making tiny houses easier to save up for and 50 . And though you won’t have much stuff around the house, this can provide the comfort of simple living and maintenance. Micro-homes are also practically mobile and claim eco-friendl iness that can’t be matched by other homes. They probably aren’t for everyone or forever, but when it comes to your next (or first) home, they could be just what you need.答案：41 B 42 A 43 C 44 I 45 F 46 J 47 E 48 K 49 H 50 DFive【徐汇区】A. deliveryB. alternativeC. enormouslyD. floatingE. analyzedF. processG. determine H .visible I. messy J. disturbingly K. patternsEveryone knows that the Internet has changed how business operate, governments function and people live. However, a new, less___41___technological trend is just as transformative: “big data.” Big data starts with the fact that there is a lot more information___42___around these days than ever before and it is being put to extraordinary new uses.Consider language translation, for example. When IBM first started to work on machine translation in the 1990s, it just fed a small number of high-quality translation into a computer and programmed it to infer which word in one language is the best___43___for another. Although this ___44___revolutionized the task of translation, the result was far from being perfect. Then, in 2006, Google burst in. Instead of millions of pages of texts, the search giant ___45___billions, from corporate websites to documents in every language from the European Union. The result is that its translations are much better than IBM’s were and it covers 65 languages. Large amounts of ___46___data defeated small amounts of cleaner data.Another good example of how big data can be ___47___helpful is online shopping. Using data collected form customers shopping habits, today, Amazon can ___48___who is most likely to purchase what and when. Details such as your history and wish list help the company gain a glimpse(一瞥) into your interests. Goods will then be dispatched to a logistics center(物流中心) near you and get packed before you even order, meaning that when you do make an online purchase, same-day ___49___would be possible.With big data, instead of trying to understand exactly why an engine breaks down or why a drug’s side effectdisappears, researchers can instead collect andanalyze massive quantities of information about suchevents and everything that is associated with them,looking for ___50___that might help predict future occurrence.Big data answers not only why but what. Finally, it will mark the moment when the “information society” finally fulfills the promise implied by its name.答案：41-50 HDBFE ICGAKSix【闵行区】A. indicatorB. predictC. processD. movementE. adaptF. trackedG. formation H. deliberate I. similar J. advantageous K. surprisedDogs Used to Be More Like CatsResearchers studying fossils(化石) of the early ancestors of dogs that lived up to 40 million years ago believe the predators(捕食性动物) evolved as a direct consequence of climate change. The study claims the (41)______ transformed man’s best friend from a creature that behaved more like a cat, into the canine (犬) we know and love today.Ancestors of dogs living in North America 40 million years ago were ambush (伏击式) predators—in a(n) (42)______ way to cats’. But a million years later, the thick forest that once covered the continent began to give way to grasslands. This led to a(n) (43)______ in the body shape and hunting behavior of dogs, turning them into animals that no longer (44)______ their prey (猎物), but chased it down instead.This evolutionary transition was (45)______ by the scientists who examined the elbows and teeth of 32 species of dogs that lived between 40 million and two million years ago.“The elbow is a really good (46)______ of what carnivores (食肉动物) are doing with their forelimbs (前肢), which tells their entire (47)______ abilities,” said Brown University’s Christine Janis, who led the study.The research was based on an analysis of fossil specimens(标本) in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. It suggests dog evolution was directly related to climate change. After all, it was not (48)______ to operate as a pursuit-and-pounce predator until there was room to run.If predators evolved with climate change over the last 40 million years, the authors argue they may continue to (49)______ in response to the present global warming trend. In this way, the results of the study could help (50)______ how animals may look in the future.答案：41 C 42. I 43. G 44. K 45. F 46. A 47. D 48. J 49. E 50. BAlibaba Group Holding Ltd said on Thursday that it will create another online shopping event in the next two months to tap further into rural consumption.The e-commerce giant, which generated a gross merchandise volume of 91.2 billion yuan ($14.3 billion) inFestival in February.Zhang Yong, chief executive officer of Alibaba, said like urban residents, many rural consumers have alsoThe Hangzhou-based firm said the Spring Festival event will be launched by its customer-to-customer siteSun Lijun, vice-president of Alibaba who is in charge of Rural Taobao, said the Spring Festival shopping"We want villagers to celebrate Lunar Chinese New Year with seafood from New Zealand and wine fromdoorsteps," he said.will invest 10 billion yuan over the next three to five years to provide e-commerce services in about 100,000 villages.conditioners, shampoos and oil were very popular in villages.答案：41.F 42.I 43. B 44. G 45.C 46.E 47.K 48.D 49. J 50.AWe are familiar with pop culture but what is peep culture? In pop culture, we turn on the TV and watch our favorite celebrities 41 us with their performances. In peep culture, we turn on the computer, we move through people's lives on reality TV, blogs, Face book and You Tube. Instead of getting our entertainment from scripted performances, we get our entertainment from peeping into other people's lives. It can be friends and family. But it’s just likely to be people we have never met from around the world.Suddenly, we spend all of our time42 other people. And we also invite them to watch us! People _43 themselves to get attention and to feel like they are part of a community. In peep culture, ordinary people are turned into celebrities.This has never happened before, turning the spotlight on 44 _ regular people. There aren't secrets any more. The notion of private life has changed.As society has become 45 fast-paced, most of us are really unaware of these changes in our lives. We are moving into a time when our _46 personality is going to be more important than our actual physical _ 47 . What we have online is going to be more important than what we do off line. We are now socially judged by our virtual profiles.In the age of “peep culture,” a tell-all, show-all, know-all digital phenomenon is 48 changing notions of privacy, individuality, security, and even humanity. Susan Boyle became a(n) 49celebrity because of peep culture, The entire world was staring at her after her50 from a resident of a small Scottish town to a global celebrity. We like the story because she’s like a movie, but she’s real.答案：41.C 42.H 43.G 44.K 45.D 46.J 47.F 48.B 49.E 50.IAs further proof that you can now 3D-print anything, a company called Natural Machines has introduced a 3D printer for food.The "Foodini," as it's called, isn't too different from a regular 3D printer, but instead of printing with plastics, it deploys edible ingredients __41__out of stainless steel capsules: "It's the same technology," says Lynette Kucsma, co-founder of Natural Machines, "but with plastics there's just one __42__ point, while with food it has different temperatures and consistencies. Also, __43__works a little bit against us, as food doesn't hold the shape as well as plastic."At the Web Summit technology conference in Dublin, the Barcelona-based startup is showing off the machine, which it says is the only one of its kind capable of printing a wide range of dishes."In fact, this is a mini food manufacturing plant __44__down to the size of an oven," Kucsma said, pointing out that at least in the initial stage the printer will be __45__ mostly at professional kitchen users, with a consumer version to follow.In principle, the Foodini sounds like the final __46__aid: press a button to print your food. But Natural Machines is quick to point out that it's designed to take care only of the difficult and __47__parts of foodpreparation that discourage people from cooking at home, and that it promotes healthy eating by requiring fresh ingredients prepared before printing.Nevertheless, the company is working with major food manufacturers to create pre-packaged plastic capsules that can just be loaded into the machine to make food, even though they assure these will be free of preservatives, with a shelf life __48__ to five days.The printing process is slow, but faster than regular 3D printing. Other than being capable of creating complex designs, the Foodini can be useful for recipes that require accuracy and skillfulness, like homemade pizza or filled pasta.Currently, the device only prints the food, which must be then cooked as usual. But a __49__model will also cook the preparation and produce it ready to eat.The idea also comes with a social__50__ too. "There's a touchscreen on the front that connects to a recipe site in the cloud, so it's an internet-of-things, connected kitchen appliance," said Kucsma. Users will also be able to control the device remotely using a smartphone, and share their recipes with the community.答案：41.D 42.G 43.E 44.A 45. I 46.B 47.K 48.C 49. J 50.HBeing sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours , even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity boost (长寿原因)seems to come from marriage or a(n) ___41___ relationship . The effect was first ___42___ in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫)were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers .Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effects ___43___ for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Marriage can do a lot. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can ___44___ to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip (翻转)side, however , as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and looking for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same ___45___ problems. Even so, some people still favour marriage, in a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are___46___, affected by social-economic factors. Health-service supply, emotional support and other mire physiological mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune (免疫力)system, leading to better health and less chance of ___47___ later in life. People in supportive relationships may ___48___ stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all ___49___ if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being ___50___ out, but Christakis says: “peole are interconnedted, so their health is interconnected.”答案：41-50 EJFDK BCIHGIn an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny temper were less likely to fall ill.The findings were built on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help to ____41___ the common cold and other illness.“Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness ____42_____ immune function and subjective as in happy people being les disturbed by a ____43____ throat or running nose.”“People with a positive emotional style may have active immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may ____44___ their illness as being less severe.”Based on the previous study results, Cohen and his colleagues have been ___45____ certain that pleasant people are, for most cases, less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether a person’s ___46___ itself brings about the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality tendency, self-___47___ health and emotional “style”. Those who tend to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and opposed had a negative style.The researchers gave them nasal (鼻子的) drops ___48___ either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six years, the researchers collected __49___, like daily mucus (唾液) protection. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective analysis of nose ___50___, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.答案：41-45 HGADI 46-50 KEBFCYou never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is ____41____ normally. Their ability to withstand(承受) almost any____42____ makes them seem like something out of a magic book. They're known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for____43____ what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's ____44____ five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would _____45___ basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. _____46___ flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the box was completely redesigned and moved to the back of the plane - the area least affected by impact-from its ____47____ position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never ___48_____ black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility..Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which is meant to ____49____ fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand huge ___50_____ and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When in deep water, they're also able to send signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxesfrom Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.答案：DJGAH CFEIBworse when there’s(41) ________ no reason for it. There’s a lot of interesting science behind traffic, though, and while understanding it might not make sitting in it any better, it can teach you how to avoid some of the mistakes we all make behind the wheel.1. The way we merge (合并) causes problemsWhether you’re merging from the left or the right, (42) ________ are good that you’re doing it wrong and causing all sorts of problems. When most people see that they need to merge, their first (43) ________ is to do it right away. They brake, slow down, speed up, and change lanes in between oncoming traffic. According to the Minnesota department of Transportation, that’s completely wrong. Sudden (44) ________ causes traffic to back up, a problem that’s made worse by sudd en lane changes and other cars braking to (45) ________ the merging traffic.So what should you do? Exactly what you probably blame drivers for doing: waiting until the last minute. If you do that, traffic will fall into a more natural pattern called a “zipper merge”,meaning there are no surprises, no sudden braking, and a smoother transition from one lane to another, which cuts down on backups. This does, of course, rely on other drivers to let you in at the last minute and be polite enough not to cut you off, which causes all sorts of other problems.2. You are causing the traffic Jams you hateTraffic jams have long been chalked up to (取决于) the (46) ________ of traffic on the roads, but it turns out that even heavy traffic can (47) ________ smoothly if people maintain a (48) ________ speed. The problem is that we can’t. Researchers have found that just one person even slightly stepping on their brakes can have a terrible effect on the traffic around them.On even (49) ________ busy road, it can be only a few minutes for traffic to a complete halt behind someone who (50) ________ their brakes to let another driver merge. The standstill usually occurs several minutes after the braking, well after the person that causes the problem in the first place has gone on his way.答案：41-50 JBIKC DFGAHDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good ___41___, their advice to families is misguided, and it arises from misunderstandings about the process of language ___42___. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become ___43___ confused and thus their language development will be ___44___. Children are capable of learning more than one language, whether simultaneously (同时地) or sequentially (依次地). In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an asset (资产) and even a ___45___ in many areas.It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given ___46___ to poor families with limited educational opportunities, not to wealthier families who have many educational advantages. Since children from poor families often are ___47___ as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advising families to speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two languages to be too ___48___ for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations.If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how can they communicate in English? Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only English is ___49___ to telling them not to communicate with or ___50___ with their children. Moreover, the underlying message is t hat the family’s native language is not important or valued.答案：41-45 F G I B K 46-50 A E H D CThe German Chancellor, Angela Merkel has been named TIME’s 2015 Person of the Year. She’s led Germany since 2005 and is ___41___ her third time.“TIME” has named a person of a year since 1927. The recipient is someone or some group that for better or worse is considered to have had a major ___42___ on world events. It is decided by the editors of the ___43___ magazine. Last year the title went to Ebola fighters and the year before that, Pope Francis.TIME Magazine gave a number of reasons why it cho se Merkel, from how she’s handled Europe’s economic crisis, to how she’s responded to terrorist attacks in the region, to how she’s ___44___ the continent’s ongoing refugee crisis. Her high ___45___ rating in Germany has slipped recently because many Germa ns don’t agree with her ___46___ to that crisis. So, the reaction in her home country was ___47___.Nancy Gibbs, the editor of TIME wrote that the Chancellor was awarded the title for “asking more of her country than most politicians would dare, for standi ng firm against tyranny.”She also praised Merkel, the first woman to be named the title for 29 years, for her leadership during the refugee crisis. “At a moment when much of the world is once more___48___ in a debate about the balance between safety and freedom, the Chancellor is asking a great deal of the German people, and by their example, the rest of us as well. She views refugees as victims to be ___49___ rather than ___50___ to be repelled…”答案：DEGCA FIKHB。

2016届上海虹口区高三一模英语试题及答案

虹口区2015学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2016.1第 I 卷（共103分）I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard。

1. A。

In a library。

B。

In a theater.C。

In a cinema. D. In a classroom.2。

A. 40 dollars。

B. 30 dollars. C。

20 dollars. D. 10 dollars.3. A。

Doctor and nurse。

B. Cashier and customer.C。

Dentist and patient。

D。

Conductor and passenger。

4。

A。

The weather was miserable all day。

B。

The trip was really a hard one.C。

They had a wet and cold trip. D。

They were not caught in the rain。

上海市虹口区2017届高三上学期教学质量检测一模英语试题及答案word版.doc

虹口区2016-2017学年第一学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2016.12 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Tomorrow. B. This afternoon.C. Next week.D. Next month.2. A. She doesn’t play tennis well. B. She likes other sports as well.C. She is an enthusiastic tennis player.D. She is a professional athlete.3. A. At a paint store. B. At an oil market.C. At a science museum.D. At a gallery.4. A. Work in the yard B. Buy some wood.C. Go to the bookstoreD. Take a walk.5. A.A taxi driver. B. A passenger.C. A car cleaner.D. A mechanic.6. A. Call a repairman. B. Get out the paper stuck.C. Turn to her colleague for help.D. Restart the machine.7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. The presentation will begin at noon. B. She’ll present her work to the man.C. She’d like to invite the man for lunch.D. She suggests working on the presentation at12:00.9. A. The dormitory hours. B. The problem with the rules.C. The door number of the dormitory.D. The time to open the dormitory.10. A. The chairs didn’t need to be painted. B. He doesn’t like the color of the chairs.C. The park could have avoided theD. The woman should have been more careful. problem.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Worried. B. Surprised. C. Satisfied. D. Uninterested.12. A. It spoiled Joanna’s reputation.B. It copied her ideas without permission.C. It bought Joanna’s d ishwashers.D. It wanted to share the dishwasher market.13. A. A successful business case. B. Joanna’s waterless laundry.C. A case against a global company.D. The worldwide dishwasher market.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Footprints. B. Food. C. Living insects. D. Orange seeds.15. A. Don’t touch animals under any circumstances.B. Don’t take away any natural objects from the park.C. Don’t leave litter in the park or thro w any off the boat.D. Don’t transport animals from one island to another.16. A. To protect the guide’s interest. B. To improve the unique environment.C. To ensure a trouble-free visit.D. To get rid of illegal behaviors.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Writing a book. B. Preparing a lecture.C. Searching for references.D. Reading comedies18. A. Make his topic more specific. B. Make a complete reading list.C. Read at least six books.D. Read some Hollywood comedies19. A. Hollywood in the 1930s and 1940s.B. 20th-century Hollywood comedies.C. Comedies in the 1930s and 1940s.D. Golden Age Hollywood comedies.20. A. Student and teacher. B. Reader and librarian.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Two strangers reading in the libraryII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wedding in the United StatesWeddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests (21) _____ (seat) onthe rocks and even barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, (22) _____ _____ _____ or how they are performed，include certain traditional customs.Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes (23) _____ (exciting) moment of all.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March (24) _____ (play). The bride carrying a bouquet (花束) enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. (25) _____ is traditional to use the words “To have and to ho ld from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. (26) _____ (follow) the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(27) _____ the ceremony there is often a party called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.The car in (28) _____ the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people (29) _____ they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom (30) _____ run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the quest ion raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis(假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions(交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s when good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aimSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You are checking your emails when you start daydreaming about where to go on your summer holiday. This reminds you to compare the cost of local gyms. Then you suddenly decide to look up some place for your birthday party.You may think you are browsing the Internet in a slightly absent-minded manner. You are, in fact, “wilfing”. According to a survey for a financial website, almost seven in ten Internet users admit to the newly named habit. The study of 2400 people carried out by YouGov found that more than a quarter of Internet users wilf ---- a rough acronym of What Was I Looking For? ---- for two days every month.Pete Cohen, GMTV’s resident life coach and motivator, said, “Stopping yourself wil fing takes a mixture of planning and willpower. These days there are all manners of website attracting our attention. Internet users need to set themselves a specific surfing goal and a time limit to keep on track.”Shopping in the online activity is most likely to make users wilf. Men are more likely to admit to being wilfers than women. A third of the men questioned said the habit had damaged their relationship with a partner. The good news is that wilfing is a habit people tend to grow out of. Internet users aged 55 or over were three times less likely to wilf than those aged under 25.Jason LIoyed, from ,said, “The Internet was designed to make it easier for people to access the information they need quickly and conveniently. Although people log on with a purpose, they are now being offered so much choice and online distractions that many forget what they are there for, and spend hours aimlessly wilfing instead. It’s important that people do not allow unnecessary online distractions to get in the way when surfing in the Internet, as it can affect productivity in the workplace and relationship at home.”Are you a wilfer, lost in the Internet?56. The underlined word “acronym” in Para. 2 most probably means ______.A. a phenomenon that makes people daydreamB. a summary of the book “What Was I Looking For?”C. an expression meaning taking people’s attention awayD. a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase57. What is an efficient way to stop wilfing according to the passage?A. Stopping taking a mixture of planning and willpower to keep on track.B. Trying to focus on different subjects at the same time.C. Trying to set a surfing goal and a time limit.D. Logging on the Internet all the time.58. It can be concluded from paragraph 4 that ______.A. men are less likely to be wilfing than womenB. wilfing damages the relationship between partnersC. as you grow older, you’ll become more and more wilfingD. one third of Internet users will be wilfers lost on the Internet59. What can be called “wilfing” according to the passage?A. You spend hours aimlessly surfing the Internet every day.B. You suddenly decide to look up some information about clothes.C. You are accessing the information you need quickly and conveniently.D. You are browsing some of your emails which haven’t been checked for months.(B)Shanghai Disneyland: Attractions and TipsWelcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you can arouse the magical dream within your heart. This is Shanghai Disneyland, a fun experience filled with creativity, adventure and thrills for Guests of all ages! Set your sights on Enchanted Storybook Castle -- the largest Disney castle on the planet -- and then get ready to explore as you discover 6 unique and unforgettable lands: Mickey Avenue, Gardens of Imagination, Fantasyland, Adventure Isle, Treasure Cove and Tomorrowland.Opening HoursJun -- Sept Monday -- Thursday: 09:00 -- 21:00 Friday -- Sunday: 08:00 -- 22:00Oct -- Dec Sunday -- Friday: 10:00 -- 19:00 Saturday: 09:00 -- 20:00Ticket BookingVisitors can book tickets on the official website or mobile app of the park or by calling 400-180-0000 / 86-21-31580000. They can also follow the official Wechat account ShangHaiDisneyResort to book a ticket. Of course, tickets can be bought at the entrance, but there may be a long queue. Visitors need to show passports orID cards to book tickets and enter.Five Things You Shouldn’t MissTRON Lightcycle Power Run●Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure●“Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade●Enchanted Storybook Castle●Broadway-style show The Lion KingSpecial RecommendationThe cartoon characters Judy and Nick in Zootopia, the animated movie whose box office hit $1 billion globally in 2016, will be added to Disney’s signature “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade, said Robert Iger, the president and CEO of Walt Disney.Things to Remember●Only well-packaged food and water are allowed.●Selfie sticks, large tripods, folding chairs, and large luggage are banned.●Visitors above 16 should not be dressed in cartoon, movie and comic costumes.●Disney Fastpass tickets for free can save you from waiting in a long queue.●Comfortable sneakers are strongly recommended for a long walk during the day.●Animals are not allowed to enter as well, excluding guide dogs.60. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Enchanted Storybook Castle is a must-see sightB. Broadway-style show The Lion King is a 3D movieC. “Mickey’s Storybook Express” Parade earns $1 billion in 2016D. Pirates of the Caribbean Battle for the Sunken Treasure is an animated movie61. What day is supposed to be the busiest day according to the passage?A. Thursday.B. Friday.C. Saturday.D. Sunday.62. It can be concluded from the last part of the passage that ______.A. blind people are not allowed to visit the landsB. visitors can only eat and drink at certain placesC. cartoon costumes and uncomfortable sneakers are bannedD. Disney Fastpass tickets can help visitors enter the lands fast(C)A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit (轨道) around the moon.The students are from Cornell University in thestate of New York. They are taking part in acompetition called the Cube Quest Challenge. It is aprogram of NASA, the American space agency. TheCornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. Theword cislun ar means “between the earth and themoon.”The challenge is simple: to design, build anddeliver “flight-qualified, small satellites.” NASAofficials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and beyond the moon.”Ten teams are taking part in the competition. But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are different. They are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck, who works at Cornell University. He once worked as N ASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets -- the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornel l press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could re-fuel spacecraft while they’re already in space...”The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are connected. Water is stored in the lower part of the satellite. The sun will separate the water into two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark (火花), an explosion results. This provides a forward movement, known as thrust.The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft. The idea is to copy how old-time sailors used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. The satellite is equipped with cameras. The cameras will take pictures of the sun, the earth and the moon and compare their positions and their sizes. Based on where the sun, moon and earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position.The competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and two. The winners of the third stage will be announced in about a month. The final three winners will b e announced in early 2017. They will get to ride on NASA’s space launch system in early 2018.63. The essential part of the competition “the Cube Quest Challenge” is ______.A. to launch a satellite to take a watery flight to the moonB. to design, build and deliver a small and flight-qualified satelliteC. to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moonD. to make the satellite perform advanced operations near and beyond the moon64. What does Mason Peck want to do at Cornell University according to the passage?A. To stop using rockets for the sake of safety.B. To use something already in space as power.C. To try using water in space to push spacecraft.D. To design a water-powered vehicle to push spacecraft.65. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. there is a lot of rubbish of rockets and satellites in the orbit these daysB. a water-powered satellite will soon be sent into the orbit around the moonC. the explosion of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen provides powerD. the team members of the CisLunar Explorers are the students of Mason Peck66. What would be the best title of the passage?A. A Spacecraft Powered by WaterB. A Water-Powered Flight to the MoonC. A Competition for Water-Powered SatelliteD. A Design of Water-Powered Space JourneySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Good of GardeningDo you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?So, it’s the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks? Sleeping with the textbook under the pillow (枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magicallyabsorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organize five hours of study into one hour a day, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on mem ory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can test themselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn that material in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in the US, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favourite highlighter (荧光笔) and favourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and instead of just rereading those, you basically try to test yo urselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’s no harm in indulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eat Katsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet. The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’.For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sitting an exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And in different parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’.The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritious meal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!（请将答案写在答题纸上）第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（Why）2、全市所有的公园都应对市民免费开放。

虹口区2016年高三英语一模试卷及答案

虹口区2015学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2016.1第 I 卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a library. B. In a theater.C. In a cinema.D. In a classroom.2. A. 40 dollars. B. 30 dollars. C. 20 dollars. D. 10 dollars.3. A. Doctor and nurse. B. Cashier and customer.C. Dentist and patient.D. Conductor and passenger.4. A. The weather was miserable all day. B. The trip was really a hard one.C. They had a wet and cold trip.D. They were not caught in the rain.5. A. She is popular with children. B. She has always been popular.C. She had a surprising party.D. She was surprised at the party.6. A. Engineering. B. Business.C. Education.D. Manufacturing.7. A. He needs some change. B. He seldom counts his money.C. He doesn’t have that much cash.D. He owes the woman twenty dollars.8. A. Jack is clever. B. Tom is reliable.C. Tom is honest.D. Jack is dependable.9. A. Heavy jackets are now on sale. B. She is waiting for winter to arrive.C. It’s hard to get a heavy jacket.D. She needs a warm jacket.10. A. He will continue his work on vacation. B. Papers piled while he was on vacation.C. He has too much work to do.D. He has made his vacation plans.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Last night. B. At the age of 20.C. At the age of 9.D. A couple of weeks ago.12. A. Because she liked it at their age. B. Because it was a story about animals.C. Because it was a fun story.D. Because it was a Disney film.13. A. Romeo and Juliet. B. A love story between two dogs.C. Different dogs and different lives.D. Children and dogs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Britain. B. France. C. Spain. D. Sweden.15. A. Children were invited to meet Harry Potter’s magic mother.B. The book was first available to readers on the Internet.C. J. K. Rowling has had an interview on the Internet.D. The book first arrived in China in early June, 2003.16. A. To develop their love for the country. B. To get ready for a military parade.C. To gain some military knowledge.D. To learn to protect themselves.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)Accidents happen almost everywhere every day. Some accidents are not serious and some really are. We read about such accidents nearly every day in the newspapers. And people usually think that accidents take place only on the roads or highways until they (25) ______ come across accidents in their homes or even at work places. As a matter of fact, home accidents are just as common as those we see and hear on the roads, some of (26) ______ cause even much more serious consequences. Because very few home accidents are reported, people come to think that there are few accidents that happen in homes.There (27) ______ (be) many serious cases where people fall to their deaths from high-rise flats so far. In most cases, children and women often fall over while (28) ______ (step) down the stairs. Old people may slip on wetfloors, getting badly hurt or even killed, if they are not careful.Nowadays there are a lot of modern electrical appliances at home (29) ______ ______ rice cookers, micro waves and washing machines, which make life easy for the modern housewives. These appliances can kill people (30) ______they are used in the proper way. Gas stoves used for cooking are also dangerous if they are not properly used. They may cause burns or, in more serious cases, even fires.But all such accidents (31) ______ be stopped if we are careful and follow simple rules of safety. For example, it is unwise for people to try repairing their own electrical appliances if they do not know how to repair them. Therefore, it is safer and more reliable (32) ______people get them repaired by an electrician.(B)A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that nearly all these students considered (33) ______ (understand) spoken English, especially in the first few weeks, to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking or communicating. Writing then increased as a big problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they (34) ______ (expect) to hand in. And at the same time, reading remained as a significant problem.The information (35) ______ (gain) helped us in determining where special attention should be paid to in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation, we considered it important to note (36) ______ seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching or teacher-centered English learning in their own country. It would be self-defeating (37) ______ (use) the same method, especially if it has failed in the past or it is too complicated to follow or imitate, (38) ______ it might reduce motivation and interest. Therefore a different method may help because it is different.(39) ______ variety of activities was also regarded as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation and interest. Several years ago we had the first timetable that operated throughout the course of English learning, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about half-way through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, and we had to explore a much (40) ______ (effective) way of English learning, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.John Nash, a Nobel Prize winner and mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film “A Beautiful Mind”, was killed in a car accident on Saturday. He was 86. The accident __41__ when the taxi Nash was traveling in ran into another car on the New Jersey Turnpike. Neither of the two drivers involved in the accident underwent life-__42__ injuries.At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page essay about the field of game theory, which led to __43__ in economics, international politics, and evolutionary biology. His signature solution found that competition among two opponents is not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance, each achieve their maximum __44__ through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. This simple understanding is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century, and a proof to his almost unique __45__ gifts.But in the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness and each therapy failed to cure him, and for much of the next three decades, Nash __46__ freely on the Princeton campus, scratching his hands on empty blackboards and staring blankly ahead in the library. Robert Wright remembers Nash as “some math genius that went crazy”who wore colorful shoes and quietly watched people. His mental illness removed him __47__ from his work. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel P rize in Economics in 1994, he hadn’t published a paper in 36 years.But like a child cured of a terrible dream by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. Five years later, the __48__ of the film “A Beautiful Mind”, based on Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book o f the same name, expanded Nash’s __49__ life story to an international audience. He continued to work, travel, and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.It’s tempting to wonder what Nash might have __50__, had mental illness not robbed him of so many productive years. “Because the ideas I had about super natural beings came to me the same way that my mathematical ideas did,” said Nash. “So I took them seriously.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why girls do better at school than boys?For centuries, boys were top of the class. But these days, that’s no longer the case.A new study by the OECD, a club of mostly __51__ countries in Europe and North America, examined how 15-year-old boys and girls performed at reading, mathematics and science. Boys still get somewhat better __52__ at maths and physics, and in other science courses the genders are roughly __53__. But when it comes to the students who really struggle and suffer at school, the difference is __54__: boys are 50% more likely than girls to fall short of basic standards in all three areas.__55__, why are girls performing better at school than their male classmates?First, girls read more than boys. Reading proficiency (熟练) is the basis upon which all other learning is built. When boys don’t do well in reading, their __56__ in other school subjects suffers too.Second, girls spend much more time on their homework and out-of-class learning. __57__, girls spend five and a half hours per week doing homework while boys spend a little less than four and a half hours. Researchers suggest that doing homework __58__ by teachers is linked to better accomplishment in maths, reading and science. Boys, it appears, spend more of their free time in the __59__ world; they are 17% more likely to play cooperative online games than girls every day. They also use the internet more.Third, peer __60__ plays a role. A lot of boys decide early on that they are just too cool for school. They adopt a so-called concept of masculinity(男子气概) that includes a disregard for __61__, which means they’re more likely to be rude and noisy in class. Teachers mark them down for this. In anonymous (匿名的) tests, boys perform better. In fact, the gender gap in reading __62__ by a third when teachers don’t know the gender of the pupil they are marking.So what can be done to close this gap? Getting boys to do more homework and cut down on screen-time would help. And offering boys a __63__ to read non-fiction would help too: they’re keener on comics and newspapers. But most of all, abandoning gender stereotypes (旧模式) would __64__ all students. Thus, boys in all countries with the best schools read much better than girls. As we know, girls in Shanghai, Singapore and Seoul are good at mathematics, and they __65__ boys from anywhere else in the world.51. A. backward B. wealthy C. regular D. miserable52. A. scores B. directions C. guidance D. evaluation53. A. practical B. reliable C. relevant D. equal54. A. stable B. vague C. obvious D. logical55. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Instead56. A. behaviour B. comment C. preparation D. performance57. A. In brief B. On average C. On the contrary D. In addition58. A. researched B. designed C. assigned D. approved59. A. virtual B. realistic C. future D. artificial60. A. relationship B. contact C. responsibility D. pressure61. A. experts B. authorities C. adults D. peers62. A. develops B. widens C. narrows D. forms63. A. chance B. task C. favour D. resource64. A. influence B. harm C. satisfy D. benefit65. A. advance B. overtake C. overcome D. challengeSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In job interviews, we’re often asked about our strengths and weaknesses. And, as a matter of fact, most of us know automatically how to respond.Common wisdom tells us to use faux weaknesses, which means things that are strengths described as negatives and turned into positives. You might even be able to change your weakness into a skill for a job you’re not fully qualified for.In America, in a championship game you are unlikely to see athletes showing weakness. If the athletes become hurt in this game, they will hide their injuries —they don’t want their competitors to know their weak spots. But there is absolutely no need for us to act like this in business affairs.At work and in business, you can have shortcomings because these can be overcome and turned into strengths. The only fatal thing is to not realize that all your weaknesses can be made strong. Of course, to make up for shortcomings, you must first be aware of what your weaknesses really are.Have you ever wondered what has happened when you int erview for a job you’re fully qualified for, but it goes to someone who doesn’t seem to be qualified at all? How would that person get the job when he had none of the qualifications listed in the job ad?That applicant figured out the business pain point that is seldom, if ever, mentioned in the job ad, and then how to address it. He didn’t talk about how he met each of the requirements on the job ad. He had none of the qualifications. He asked questions instead. He asked probing (探询的) questions to learn more about the business pain. By doing so, this less-qualified person soon learned that the hiring managers needed something different from what was listed in the job ad.Not accepting the job ad as an unquestionable truth is the key. There is no reason to think that hiring managers actually know what they need when they write job ads. They may need someone completely different from what they describe. That is why you can get a job that you’re not qualified for.66. The underlined word “faux” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “______”.A. incorrectB. illogicalC. falseD. imaginary67. What exactly does the author advise you to do when you are a weak candidate for a job?A. Don’t ask questions if you think yo u are a weak candidate.B. Ask questions about the job until you find you have something to offer.C. Don’t let your interviewer know your weaknesses but tell him your strengths.D. Ask questions according to the job description to see if you can be a qualified candidate.68. Why does the author think an applicant can get a job that he’s not qualified for?A. Because hiring managers may change their mind in the job interview.B. Because hiring managers may actually need someone who can ask questions.C. Because the applicant may not know that he actually has the required qualifications.D. Because hiring managers may not know what they actually need when writing the ad.69. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. You can change you weaknesses into strengths in job interviews.B. Don’t expose your weaknesses but show your strengths in job interviews.C. Find out the business pain point not mentioned in the job ad in job interviews.D. Hiring managers usually don’t know what qualifications they reall y need.(B)TFK ExtrasTIME For Kids has teamed up with a number of respected partners to bring you programs that will help inspire you and your students. Featuring games, contests and lively activity suggestions, our partner programs will add a wealth of possibilities to your classroom.Penguin GroupOrdinary People Change The World!Penguin Group and TFK have partnered together to help teachers show theirstudents how they can make the world a better place. Based on the inspiring livesof historic figures including Amelia Earhart, Rosa Parks, Abraham Lincoln andAlbert Einstein, this fascinating program takes a look at the real life stories ofordinary young people who grew up to become extraordinary adults!Download the classroom poster provided below.Classroom Poster: You Can Be a Hero, too.Star Wars RebelsJoin the Rebellion!Experience the Disney XD show Star Wars Rebels to get your students excitedabout exploration, teamwork, and science. Inside the program’s student guideyou’ll discove r classroom resources, such as a board game, a word scramble, andfacts about the moon and lunar eclipses (月蚀). Plus: Background about the StarWars Rebels characters illustrates how teamwork can help students accomplisheven the toughest missions. Download the student guide below.TFK Extra: Join the Rebellion!Ultimate SpidermanEvery Great Story Starts with a Hero!TIME For Kids teamed up with the creators of Disney XD’s, UltimateSpiderman, to encourage kids to take the initiative and become everyday heroes.This four page student magazine includes interesting tidbits (花边新闻) about thecreation and evolution of the Marvel Comics super hero character Spider-Man, aswell as facts of interesting real-life spiders. Students are also encouraged to solvea challenging “Spider-Cycle” maze(迷宫) and uncover a mystery clue hiddenwithin a “Spider Search” puzzle.TFK Extra: Every Great Story Starts with a Hero!The Mysterious IslandDiscover Your Island of Ideas!TIME For Kids has partnered with the creators of the film The MysteriousIsland to introduce creativity and imagination through the “Island of Ideas”program. The Teacher’s Guide provides discussion starters, in-class activities andfour reproducibles(复制道具) that will help lead students on a discoveryadventure. The poster front encourages students to solve mysterious clues thatwill lead them to the Ultimate Mysterious X. Students will enjoy uncovering thetreasure of ideas that await them in this program.Classroom Poster: Discover Your Island of Ideas!70. Penguin Group and TFK have partnered together to ______.A. show students the inspiring lives of historic figuresB. make the world a better place for teachers and studentsC. provide teachers with some useful materials and informationD. help students know that ordinary people can change the world71. To accomplish the exciting program Star Wars Rebels, students need to ______.A. complete a tough missionB. have the spirit of rebellionC. have the spirit of cooperationD. explore the moon and lunar eclipses72. What’s the chief purpose of the magazine Ultimate Spiderman?A. To encourage kids to learn about facts of interesting real-life spiders.B. To activate kids to become everyday heroes in real life.C. To tell interesting tidbits about the creation and evolution of Spider-Man.D. To solve a challenging “Spider-Cycle” maze and uncover a mystery clue.73. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Mysterious Island is a film made by TIME For Kids and its partner.B. The “Island of Ideas” program aims to cultivate creativity and imagination.C. Teacher’s Guide includes students’ discussions, activities and reproducibles.D. Ultimate Mysterious X encourages students to uncover the treasure of ideas.(C)Mapping AntarcticaAntarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it.Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotlebelieved that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world.They thought it was needed to balance out the continents at the top ofthe world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continentthey referred to as Terra Incognita (Latin for “unknown land”) at thebottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s ---- after explorershad sighted and set foot on Antarctica ---- that mapmakers got down tothe business of really mapping the continent, which is one-and-a-half times the size of the U.S..While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes ---- and later, satellites ---- to chart Antarctica’s vast interior (内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that can still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center (PGC), which isbased at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station.PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technologyto capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature,Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is setabout two feet above a backpack. The camera records images in alldirections. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days,hiking 10 to 12 hours each day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, butreally an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plansto use the technology to create educational apps for museums.The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high-tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.74. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctic was on the map in the 1500s when ______.A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.B. Aristotle named the continent Terra IncognitaC. no one had ever seen or been to the continentD. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to75. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica’s coastline by ships.D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.76. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially ______.A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street ViewB. to test the company’s Trekker technologyC. to create educational apps for museumsD. to hike for an incredible experience77. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about ______.A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the iceB. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instrumentsC. how to safely approach the researchers’ field camp and the balloonD. the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staffSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When did you last visit a shopping mall? In many places, the answer would be “last weekend.” S ome people go even more often. Why? Shopping malls offer goods and services all in one place: food, clothing, things for theirhouses, entertainment, even medical services. So, are they one of the highlights of modern civilization? Environmental activists would say no and would go even further, arguing that consumer behavior is causing a huge environmental disaster. They cause consumers’ ignorance of the side effect of their shopping ---- urban sprawl (蔓延).Social scientists agree that patterns of development have changed the landscape a lot. Before 1950, most people lived in towns or cities and either walked to work or took public transportation. Only very wealthy people had automobiles. Farmers lived in rural areas or far-away villages and came into town only when they needed things they couldn’t produce themselves. If you stared at the landscape you would see towns surrounded by the countryside.Now automobiles become affordable and people are quick to make use of them. Ambitious workers could live in suburbs, just outside cities, which have started to grow rapidly. As long as there is lots of cheap land there, no one pays much attention to the usage of that land. Malls, fast food restaurants, cinemas, and such spread out in large, flat buildings. These one-storey buildings and their parking lots take up too much space. Many farmers think they are better off selling their land than growing crops. No one has realized once the land is built up in urban sprawl, the good farming land will be ruined forever. There is no way to preserve it.Only in recent years have people come to miss the old way of life as they have looked into the problems of unconditional growth. Now people realize that urban sprawl has come with serious environmental problems. The bad effects that sprawl brings about include air and water pollution, loss of agricultural land, traffic jams, and so on. Many scholars think it’s time to analyze the problems better so we can develop proper policies to control further sprawl. Some think the best way to do is to educate citizens.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the first paragraph?79. In the past, farmers in the countryside only went to towns or cities to ______.80. Besides the mobility made possible by automobiles, what other two factors have led to the unconditionalgrowth?81. Now people come to realize the importance of protecting environment and dealing with the serious problembrought about by ______.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、说服她不再网购是没有任何作用的。

上海市各区20162017年高三英语一模汇编--摘要写作(summary_writing)--老师

One【2017届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are You Ready for Your Exam?the exam time again -- have you done the necessary work to get good marks?So, it’sSleeping with the textbook under the pillow (枕头) in the hope that knowledge will be magicallyabsorbed into your brain as you sleep doesn’t work. The best strategy is to space your practice out, rather than cram (死记硬背) it all together. It means hit the books early!In an article in the British newspaper The Guardian, Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychologyze five hours of study into one hour aat the University of Sheffield, UK, advises: “If you organiday, you’ll remember more than if you study for five hours on one day.”Don’t rely on memory alone -- get pen and paper and start working. Students who can testthemselves in advance will be better at getting back material from their memory and learn thatmaterial in the long run. John Dunlosky, Professor of Psychology at Kent State University in theUS, suggests that “you start by reading a textbook using your favouritehighlighter (荧光笔) andfavourite colours, but then you go back and make flashcards of all the critical concepts and insteadof just rereading those, you basically try to test yourselves on them.”Good revision should give you confidence, but if you are still anxious, there’sno harm inindulging(放任) in a personal routine. In Japan, it seems to be a tradition for students to eatKatsudon before a test. This is a warm bowl of rice topped with egg and a deep-fried pork cutlet.The name of the dish reminds people of the word ‘katsu’, meaning ‘winning’．For some students in South Korea, the key to success is not washing their hair before sittingan exam because they believe they could wash all the knowledge out of their head. And indifferent parts of the world there are always those who swear by their ‘lucky underwear’The bottom line is that you need to study, sleep well on the eve of the test, eat a nutritiousmeal, drink plenty of water and believe that your efforts will pay off. Good luck in your exam!Keys:The best strategy to achieve good results in the exam is to study books early. According toexperts, time management and self-testing in advance will also do you good. Furthermore,habitual psychological hint is helpful, too. Meanwhile, other factors such as necessarypreparations, good sleep, nutritious diet and self-confidence can pay off your efforts as well. (56words)Two【2017届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of peopleacross the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Wouldit seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, anindependent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitledSuper Size Me.The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald’s mealsa day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time anemployee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fatand a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlockknew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the firstweek, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringinghis total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ’Next time I’m no “super size”. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat din with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating a have a relationship with each other.’” Food for thought indeed.Keys:Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made adocumentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’smeals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the filmcan help people establish a healthy eating habit. (56 words)Three【2017届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities.The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studieshave shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school thanthose with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, andparticipate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affectour health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today,though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what’s good for us and what isn’t, but usua this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same foodoften produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged tolimit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studiessay eggs are good for you. It’s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need tomake many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free’ milk?Tofu or chicken? It’s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar.Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are oftenmisleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple thingscan result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular againis one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit andvegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit andvegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The foodalso cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in thegarden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.Keys:not easy to make healthy ones.Food choices affect health and behavior.However, it’sBecause confusing/contradictory food information and misleading food labels are making shopping difficult/a challenge. Urban gardening is a good way to making healthy food choices. Urban gardening also have other benefits: getting fresh and cheap food, a way of exercise and learning food knowledge for children. (59 words)Four【2017届上海市长宁区嘉定区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be ableto catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.to friends and acquaintances(相识的Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their bandor theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artiststo interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or wherethey live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a footballmatch, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sitesoffer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite eachother to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.Keys:Social networking sites benefit people in several different ways. Not only do they allowpeople to keep in close touch with friends old or new ,but they provide potential job opportunitiesand encourage online business promotion plus interaction.Moreover, they facilitate theorganization of various events, connecting people with similar hobbies or preferencesglobally.(54words)Five【2017届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that peoplelearn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at theUniversity of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than theother. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant theypreferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life.still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked withHowever, it’sJudith, points out, “By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delawarebrains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quicklyfound that babies’　come to prefer these faces, Schein says.-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella.It’s wellShe is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. “Perhaps average famore attractive because they seem more familiar.”Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of youngadults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa.Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture andstandards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. Oneimage was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average—that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza andBritish faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.“The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what anaverage European face looks like,” Apicella concludes. “If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?”e Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. “preference for average itself is biologically based,” Apicella says. But people must first experience other faces to learn what an average face should look like.Keys:Babies’ preference to attractive faces indicates people begin to prefer pretty faces at an earlyage. Researches show average faces are more attractive because they are more familiar to people.Meanwhile, people’s experience with faces matters a lot. The more people experience with certainfaces, the more preference they will have to the average of these faces. (60 words)Six【2017届上海市闵行区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a fewhours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though,loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness,namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more thantwo years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a pe rson’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Keys:There are three types of Loneliness.Temporary loneliness disappears quickly and can be neglected. Situational loneliness is caused by the change of circumstance, which may lead to problems. Chronic Loneliness lasts the longest and is harmful. The victims often feel hopeless. Loneliness is usually caused when people need more social contacts than they have. (53 words)Seven【2017届上海市奉贤区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity alter an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can movetheir bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates ourbrains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes (激发)the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin, and when we listen to music, our brains (内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillersrespond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’ｓwomb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. Al present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.Keys:Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness. Because our brain can be stimulated by responding to music, different kinds of music have different effects. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to produce effects to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is regarded as an effective additional to treatment. (60 words) Eight【2017届上海市静安区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity(肥胖症)has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese.The unchanged seat size and increase of obese passengers highlight the conflict betweenairlines’ needs and basic passenger rights.Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro,an Italian lawyer, sued Emirates, claiming his flight wasdisrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight standing or sitting increw seats, because a 400-pound passenger took up half of his seat.Many airlines have responded to the growing obesity by insisting passengers of size buy twoseats to ensure safety and comfort. Samoa Air, for example, is charging by weight (which hasdiscriminatory (歧视的), become known as a “fat tax”). At first glance, the fat tax issue soundsbut some argue that this is purely down to numbers. A kilo is a kilo. It has nothing to do with thecondition of the weight.The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it burns through.In other words, the argument is whether it is fair that a 150-pound person is charged for their50-pound bag, when a 300-pound person with a carry-on isn’t charged anything extra.However, Peggy Howell of NAAFA argues that obesity is an illness, and that obese peopleshould be entitled to having certain rights protected.“We question the legality of the discriminatory policy and whether it violates the Air CarrierAccess Act governing the treatment of passengers with disabilities,”　she says. “The American Medical Association (AMA) recently declared obesity a disease, which should make fat passengers a protected class.”Howell points out that the Canadian Transportation Agency (CTA) addressed this issue inruling covering passengers with disabilities. Those 2009, and issued a ‘one-person, one-fare’　passengers include ones who are ‘clinically obese’ and who cannot fit into a single seat. Keys:With the increasing obesity, airline one-size-fits-all seats can’t satisfy the needs of obese passengers. To solve the conflict between airlines’ needs and passenger rights, many airlines ask overweight passengers t o pay more to fly, because a heavier plane burns more fuel. However, objectors think the disabled, including fat passengers, should be protected instead of being charged more. (60 words)Nine【2017届上海市崇明区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, oursaid James Watson. Watson is a molecular(分子的) biologist and fate is in our genes,”　co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizingthe treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Keys:Gene therapy, which prevents or cures disease by inserting healthy genes into defective cells rather than by means of surgery or medicine, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though in the initial phases, gene therapy has been successful in treating both children and older patients with genetic disease. However, more research is called for to ensure its security. (59 words)Ten【2017届上海市普陀区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, andthe conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in findingpeople who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, fromsuggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduatesinto teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why peopledon’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachersLondon: “I think parents are toas in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant fromblame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children tohave more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Keys:Secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons arelow salary and kid’s bad behavior, which push talents to business occupations with twice income. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline themat home. Also, government should increase teachers’ income and promote a teaching campaign todisplay teaching’s bright side. (60 words)/It is reported that many secondary schools in UK have trouble enrolling young teachers dueto the low salary and the bad behavior of the youth in school. To change the situation, parentsshould be strict with the kids to back teachers up and the government are encouraged to improveteachers’ income and publicize the positive image of teaching. (59 words)Eleven【2017届上海市金山区高三英语一模试题】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.painful? This might be called Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’slaziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energycycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is atits peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in theafternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiarmonologues (自言自语) as: “Get u p, John! You’ll b e late for work again!”　The possibleexplanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Muchfamily quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, andwhich cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habitcan help, Dr. Kleitman belie ves. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up lateanyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you wantto. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, riseyou’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) andbefore your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, butwork better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Siton the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesomesearch for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine workin the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----完形填空-老师版(已校对)

One【2071虹口区】A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it ‘gso od to know that new __41__ is making cash -banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions （交易） so there ‘s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it ‘s __43__ to make contactlesspayments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on ―-p- l a snt iicnform‖a l name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud （诈骗）. Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police ‘s d work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is 30. And, if someone do￡esgo on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ ofchip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier ‘s in shops and has led to a（n） __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there ‘s now a __50__ usingwearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier , economist and technology expert, says ―this is __51__ for people who don ‘t to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods . ‖And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay （指纹支付） system which rea―ds the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger. ‖ The trick is remembering which fingeryou __54__ with in the bank -- that ‘s when good o-fladshioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D.analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B.possibleC.formalD.legal上海市各区 2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out 45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D.Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles 47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However 48. A.introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension 49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase 50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intendedD. chosen 52. A.particularly B. specially C. simply D.purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D.inconvenient 54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted 55. A. attempt B. demandC. preferD. aimKeys:41-55: CABDC BDABD CADBCTraditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, for example, were originally __41__ to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in__42__ — chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing __43__ on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in ― customerfacing ‖From uniforms and workwear has emerged― __44__ clothing ‖ . ― The people you employ are yourambassadors （大使）, ‖ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK.―they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance. ‖ From being a simplemeanof __45__ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketingcommunication.Truly effective marketing through __46__ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colours give a sense of__47__ while lighter colour shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism （守旧）, while others a sense of __48__ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear __49__, everybody can ‘ t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of colour, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always __50__. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 __51__ for 85% of total sales —￡380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to __52__ two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniformwill work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is __53__ if the look doesn ‘ texpress the business ‘ s marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When itcomes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will __54__ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to __55__ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. statusD. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifyingD. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D.accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B. shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investKeys:41-55 ACDCB CBDCA DBABDEverybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species —defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ —runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads （蔗蟾蜍）and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial （无争议的） are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort —for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain ‘invsa siveplants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a（n） __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity （多样性） in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature ‘ s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing （杂交）. Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a（n） __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly__53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens （病菌）, especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a goodidea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden 55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested 42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize 43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable 44. A. As a resultB. For exampleC. By contrastD. In fact 45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute 46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets 47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved 48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing 49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted 50. A.civilization B. interference C. interaction D.maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical 52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced 53. A. damagingB. flexibleC. doubtfulD.outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down 55. A. agricultureB. vegetationC. atmosphereD. natureFour 【20171 长宁区嘉定区】About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness tracker s became popular, they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里 )- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- _____ 41 ___ more. But even as the U.S. marketfor ___42 __ devices hits $7 billion this year, there ‘evsi dence that their promise isn ‘qut ite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43 __ . That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, wer e going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure outwhetherwearables _____ 45Keys:41— 55 ABCDC ABCAB BCACDpeople ‘s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn ‘t ___ 46___ . Fstudy in the Journal of the American Medical Association , researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention （干预） alone. They didn ‘t. ―We found that just giving pedoepvliec eadoesn ‘mt ean it ‘gso ing to _ 47 something you think it ‘gso ing to lead to, ‖sa ys John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. ― These activity trackers don ‘tengage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long- term change ‖Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user 49___. By the end of a__________________________________________________yearlongstudy of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. ―We didn ‘t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect, ‖ he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to dosomething they ‘re not designed -t-o _d_o__50 , force them to change their behavior. _________________ ― There ‘s___ 51 ___ among people about their func tion, a measurement tool and an intervention, ‖ Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, _________ 52 ___ , but won ‘t teach you how to eat less.people put these devices on, they might interact with the app （应用程序） for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off, ‖ says FinkelsteTo be __ 53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into themthat encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit t of ‘re s e vaircceh p. rAemsiodnegn them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to 54 users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ___ 55 ________________ -- or others like them-- measurably improve people ‘shealth and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourageD. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for上海市各区2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresKeys:41-55 CABCDABDAACDABD Five【20171 徐汇区】Two key climate change indicators —global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent —have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41)month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42)1880,according to scientistsat NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from Januaryto June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n)(43)temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the latenineteenth century.Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44)the smallest respective monthly Arcticsea ice (45)since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developedby scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46) ___ ,March,recorded the second smallest for that month.(47) these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientistssaid it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing theirdecades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48)ofheat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49)40percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent inSeptember, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50) at a rate of 13.4percent per decade.Celebrities,in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important "While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51)thegaining globaltemperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.(52)El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such asin 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures haverisen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53)the overall warming that has taken place inthat time.The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54)in the Arctic, saidWalt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard."It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55)have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."41. A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. r emote42. A. makes sense ofB. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of 43. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary 44. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. c onducted 45. A. standard B. content C. amount D. e xtent 46. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception47. A. WhileB. WhenC. AfterD. A s 48. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D.applications 49. A. includesB. coversC. approachesD. i ndicates50. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. m oving51. A.ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resultedfrom52. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. P revious 53. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. b ecause of 54.A. warmingB. fallingC. gatheringD. changing55. A.forecasts B. varietiesC. patternsD. illustration sKEYS: BCABDDACBCrepresentatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific 41 .Besides, fashion magazines have almost _____ 42 the practice of putting models on the coverbecause they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. 43 , celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, mov ing from advertising for others ‘pr oducts to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ___________ 44 ___ consumers, while today they ‘ rseta rted by first -class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top __ 45 . The most successful start-upshave been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale 46 , covering almost all theproducts of daily life.However, for every success story, there ‘as related warning tale of a celebrity who47 his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product ‘s origin is, if it 48 to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, 49returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe 50 ___ . The pop-cultural circle might bebigger than ever, but its rate of turnover （逆转） has 51 as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity s‘heslf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him 52 has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego '（s自我的） potential for ______________ 53 ____ is limitless. Having alreadyachieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____ 54 as the nextfrontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been _ 55 ____ . So the next time celebrities i ntroduce their lines of fashion, let ‘s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On thecontrary上海市各区 2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary 45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers 46. A. rapidly B. moderately C.reluctantly D. carefully 47. A. ignored B. disapproved C.overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. managesD. strengthens 49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D.disappointment 50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D.embarrassment 51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speededupD. faded away 52. A. fame B. fortune C. troubleD. risk 53. A. information B. knowledge C.reputation D. expansion 54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance 55. A. admirable B. productiveC. temporaryD. respectableKEYS:CABDB ACBAD CADBCMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be44but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers45to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48 __ for brand name shopping was on a few people with salesassistants ‘ ___ 49___ attitude and -dt o unch-what-‘yotu- can ‘-atfford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52 . And scent is just one wayto_53 ___ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54 ___ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. Adepartment store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55 ____ their perfect scent.KEYS:CBABC DAADB ACBDCEight 【20171 静安区】The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns __41__ a society subsistence‘ (s存p在rim) arystrategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill fourcrucial social __42__: (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family __43__ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and __44__. For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for __45__.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important __46__ in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin ( 亲戚). Americanfamilies also __47__ according to social class. A couple ‘sos cial class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of __48__ to the family becauseof illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergoand the way parents raise their children.__49__, the extent to which American families now differ by __50__ appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been __51__ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have __52__ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue __53__ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are __54__ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how __55__ will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regardto B. in terms of C. in combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangementsD. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B.work pressure C. economicstatus D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worryingabout D. getting rid of 55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. naturalKeys:41-55 ADBCD ACBDD DBCACDirections MatterJet lag （时差感） may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travelling east than west. Why they feel this way is 41 , but scientists recently developed a new modelthat provides an explanation for the mystery and insights on recovering from jet lag.The model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells （神经振子细胞） 42 crossing time zones. These cells in our brains 43 our biological clocks. However, the cells don ‘qt uite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44 that lastsslightlylonger than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co- author of the study, that means it 45 fo‘r uss to extend the length of a day —for example, by flying west across time zones —than to shorten the day, by flying east.The scientists found that for 46 travel, a person who crossed three time zones wouldfully 47 in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about sixdays. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn ‘ mt atch up as48 . When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49 to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours.50 , it variesfrom person to person. The other factor to consider is 51 cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52 how quickly he or she上海市各区2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空will adjust to a new time zone.The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figureout the best ways to 53 jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 the new time zone. That means that if it ‘ s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if itavoid artificial 55 , including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biologicalclock adjust.41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear。