北大留学生试卷
北大生科院题库--微生物学（含答案）[整理]
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微生物学试卷一、选择题（在四个答案中选择一个正确的，将正确答案填入题后括号内。
）(本大题分28小题, 每小题1分, 共28分)1、为更好地理解小体积、大面积体制对微生物生命活动的重大意义，请对一立方厘米体积的物体作十倍系列三维分割，直至形成1012个立方微米的小块后，其总比面值应比原来增加的倍数为：A.一千；B.一万；C.十万；D.一百万。
答：（）2、与细菌相比，放线菌菌落的特征是：A.光滑、湿润、较大、透明、易挑取；B.光滑、干燥、较大、不透明、不易挑取；C.湿润、较小、皱褶、透明、不易挑取；D.干燥、紧密、较小、不透明、不易挑取等。
答：（）3、根据培养基上呈现菌落颜色的不同而能鉴别大肠杆菌和肠杆菌属几种细菌的培养基是：A.Ashby无氮培养基；B.Martin培养基；C.高氏一号培养基；D.EMB培养基。
答：（）4、为避免由于微生物生长繁殖过程中的产物而造成培养基pH值的变化，可采用的调节方法是：A.在配制培养基时加入磷酸盐缓冲液或不溶性CaCO3。
B.在配制培养基时应高于或低于最适pH值；C.在配制培养基时降低或提高碳、氮源用量；改变碳氮比。
D.在培养过程中控制温度和通气量。
答：（）5、生活在低营养环境下的微生物欲获得无机离子、有机离子和一些糖类等浓缩形式的营养物，通常采用的运输方式是：A.主动运输；B.基团移位；C.单纯扩散；D.促进扩散。
答：（）6、在四条产能代谢途径中，有两条途径可形成NADPH+H+，它们是：A.EMP+EDB.EMP+TCAC.HMP+EDD.HMP+TCA 答：（）7、磺胺类药物抑菌的机制在于：A.与细菌细胞内的PABA进行竞争性拮抗作用，合成无功能叶酸，从而抑制细菌生长；B.与细菌的核糖体结合，阻碍细菌细胞蛋白质的合成；C.改变细菌四氢叶酸辅酶的催化性质；D.破坏细菌细胞质膜的完整性。
答：（）8、对固体、半固体和液体培养基通常采用的灭菌方法是：A.常规加压灭菌法B.巴氏消毒法；C.干热灭菌法D.加消毒剂。
北京大学本科留学生全真模拟考试(英语)
本科留学生全真模拟考试一．Vocabulary and Structure (25points)Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given.1. Must he come to sign this paper himself?- Yes, he .A. needB. mustC. mayD.will2. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have takenB. could have takenC. needn’t have takenD.mustn’t have taken3.As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning.A. mayn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t4. Practising Chiness Knug fu can not only one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.A.bring upB.take upC.build upD.pull up5. It is reported that the police will soon the case of the two missing children.A. look uponB.look afterC.look inD.look out6. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still the traditional customs.A. performB.possessC.observeD.support7.-What should I do first?- The instructions______that you should mix flour with water carefully first.A.goB.tellC.writeD.say8.It was already past midnight and only three young men in the tea house.A. leftB. remainedC.delayedD.deserted9.The photos on the wall Grandma of those happy old days when a large family lived together.A. repeatB. rememberC.remindD.retell10.-Mr. Wang, may I join in the relay race?-No problem. I’ II you and Dan in the race.A. orderB. adjustC.placeD.enter11. Bill Gates was so kind that he decided to ninety percent of his money to the charities.A. give upB. give awayC.give outD.give off12.More often than not, it is difficult to the exact meaning of a Tang poem in English.A. exchangeB. conveyC.transferD.consult13.I need the money badly now and I have to my car though I’m not at all willing to do so.A. donateB. sacrificeC.declineD.deliver14.The book didn’t children probably because the author employed too many scientific terms in it.A. apply toB.appeal toC. intend toD.lead to15.While I don’t agree with her, I think her argument was quite cleverly .A. setB.putC.saidD.settled16. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what in science and technology.A. had discoveredB. had been discoveredC. has discoveredD. has been discovered17. Ladies and gentlemen, please your seat belts. The plane .A. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. took off18. Why not come over at the weekend? The children seeing you again.A. enjoyedB. will enjoyC. would enjoyD.have enjoyed19. –I don’t believe that John can remember what the robber was like.-You’re wrong. I know it was dark, but he the robber’s face –I’m sure of it!A.did seeB. was seeingC. had seenD.would see20. –I wonder if you could go with me to the cinema.-Don’t disturb me. I a composition all the morning and haven’t finished yet.A.writeB.was writingC.have writtenD. have been writing21. –Mr. Wang got the first prize in the singing competition last week.-Oh. That’s what he for years.A. had been expectingB. has expectedC. expectedD.have been repairing22. Please stop to have a rest. You the washing machine the whole morning.A. have repairedB.were repairing .C. have been repairedD. have been repairing23. The newly –built bookstore provides easy to good books.A. accessB. convenienceC.channelD. chance24. When they arrived at the crossroads, they went in the wrong .A. roadB. wayC.pathD.direction25. Young people look forward to reaching the in life.A. aimB.sakeC.purposeD. goal二．Cloze(10points):What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 26 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 27 two speakers speak in exactly the same 28 . We can always hear differences 29 them, and the pronunciation of English 30 a great deal in different geographical 31 . How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 32 ? This is not a question that can be 33 in the same way for all foreign learners of English. 34 you live in a part of the world 35 India or West Africa, where there is a long 36 of speaking English for general communication purpose, you should 37 to acquire a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It would be 38 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 39 of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 40 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 41 your model some from of 42 English pronunciation. It does not 43 very much which form you choose. The most 44 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 45 most often..26. A. meaning B.sense C. case D. situation27. A. Not B.No C.None D.Nor28. A. type B.form C. sort D.way29. A. between B.among C.of D.from30.A. changes B.varies C.shifts D.alters31.A. areas B.parts C.countries D.spaces32.A.direction B.guide C.symbol D.model33.A.given B.responded C.symbol D.answered34. A. Because B.When C.If D. Whether35. A. as B. in C. like D.near36. A.custom B. use C tradition D. habit37. A.aim B. propose C. select D.tend38.A.fashion B. mistake C. nonsense D. possibility39. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. things40. A. where B. that C. which D. wherever41. A. to B. with C.on D. as42. A. practical B. domestic C. native D. new43. A.care B.affect C.trouble D. matter44. A. effective B. sensitive C. ordinary D.careful45. A. listen B. hear C. notice D. find三、Reading comprehension I (40 points)At no single spot on the South American continent can the step of man’s conquest of Andes be seen more clearly than the famous Uspalata Pass between Chile and Argentine.Indians of the days before the coming of the white men climbed along a narrow path, perhaps with llamas carrying their belongings . These “little camels”of the Andes were the only burden bearers the Incas had in the four hundred years when they were extending their empire from Peru to Chile and northward to Quito. These animals could live at altitudes of over two and one-half miles above sea level where in the later days the horses and mules of the conquerors would die of mountain sickness.Over this road, if a llama path can be called a road, a single explorer or trader went now and again in the days of the Spanish conquerors . But the traveled route across the continent was farther north, across form Peru to Upper Peru (now Bolivia),through western Paraguay, and then down to Buenos Aires. The southern Andes practically shut the door between Chile and Argentina.46. The Uspallata Pass isA.so steep and narrow that no man has ever conquered.B.one of many famous spots of the Andes that were conquered by man .C.famous because one can command a fine view of Chile and Argentina.D. the most well-known path of the Andes because of its steepness conquered by man .47.The “little camels”meansA.camels with small humps.B.beasts of buren like small camelsC.small animals used as burden bearers in Peru, Chile and Argentina since four hundred yearsago.D.the only animals the Incas had.48.The passage states that these “little camels”couldA.travel long distances without water.B. travel long distances without rest.C. live at high altitudes.D.carry extremely heavy loads.49.The word “their”in line 4 refers toA.Indians.B.white men.C.llamas.D.burden bearers.50.the writer of this passage probably goes on to tell howmunication has been improved beween Chile and Argentina.B.even before the Incas there was a trail across the pass.C.the Andes still prevent travel between Chile and Argentina.D. Argentina for a long time opposed easy travel to Chile.BBefore World War II, our interest in the Far East was casual and sporadic. To be sure, Commodore Perry had opened Japan in 1853, and after the turn of the century we tried to keep the door open in China by diplomatic efforts. Our cultural and economic relations were more important than our political activities. We introduced Christianity, Concord grapes, and cash registers to the area. In turn ,we decorated our American homes with Japanses prints and Chinese jade, we wore Far Eastern silk, and we drank Formosa tea.Beseball because the Japanese national game and American universities had school named after them in China. But the Far East really was far ; and it was different. Its languages, spoken and written, were completely unfamiliar. Its religions were concerned with different gods, different forms of worship, and different explanations of the purpose of life. Its organizations-government, school, and family-rested on a different basis of authority. Even its people had different characteristics and capabilities.Nor did we make any great effort to learn about the Far East. The attention of our education system and most of our scholars was concentrated upon our immediate society and its origin. This enterprise carried used across the Atlantic, and we studied European history and culture. We pursued our cultural ancestry back to the Greek, the Romans,and the Hebrews. But the usual college graduate knew more about the moon than he did about Korea,more about the early Romans than he did about contemporary China. –Willard Thop—51. Before World War IIA.political activities were far more important than cultural activities.B.American universities had schools nameds after them in China.C.the Far East was an important area for growing grapes.D.Japan introduced cash registers into China.52.The main idea of these paragraphs is thatA.there was not a close relationship between the United States and the Far East beforeWorld War II.B.Since Commondore Perry opened Japan in 1853 many western ideas have beenintroduced into Japan.C.though there had been some cultural relations, the Far was still very different from theWest.D.Americans were not interested in the Far East.53.The lack of interest in the Far East was a result ofA.the attitude toward the Far East that it had little true culture worth studying.B.a recongnition that Far Eastern culture was different.C.the priority given to one’s own society and its origins.D.the little contact because of distance.54.To “keep the door open in China”means toA.protect vested interests of the colonial powers.B.maintain diplomatic exchanges of personnel.C.continue commercial and cultural relationships.D.prevent efforts to keep us out of China.55.Far eastern religions were characterized as—A.interested in Christianity.B.unlike those in west .C.related to their basis of authority.D.casual and unrelated to language..CThe market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. They are as closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market.In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition;under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting, what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work. The commercial counselor’s offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their tarde groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities. Of course, there are some other ways of making market investigations.56. In making market investigation, one should .A. get enough information concernedB. advertise his productsC. produce high quality goodsD. none of the above57. The word “indispensable” in the first line means .A. impossibleB. essentialC. advisableD. available58.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The relationship between market investigations and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth.B. It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigations.C. There are various ways of making market investigations.D. Production goes before the market investigation.59. Making market investigations is very important because .A. in the market, goods on sale are numerousB. every producer is facing keen competitionC. it can greatly promote salesD. all of the above60. All the following are channels to get market information EXCEPT .A. to have commercial counselor’s office of our embassies stationed abroadB. to promote the quality of our own productsC. to send trade groups abroad every now and thenD. to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmenDGraduating hign school seniors looking to enter the workforce and other high school students searching for summer jobs are facing a tighter job market this year as the once red-hot U.S. economy continues to cool. Nationally, the jobless rate for 16-to 19-year-olds continues to rise. The unemployment rate for teenagers hit 14.2 percent in April, compared with 12.8percent last year, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.“It’s very obvious that it’s going to be a little harder this summer, because businesses are much more reserved and cautious,” said Mark J.Gambill, the vice president of marketing at Manpower Inc. the nation’s largest temporary employment agency. The New York City-based company recently surveyed 16,000 public and private employers. It found manufacturing, light industry, and high-tech firms were least likely to be seeking employees.Temporary jobs typically are the first to suffer in a slowing economy, but other sectors that employ teenagers heavily have fallen on leaner times as well. For instance, the amusement, recreation, and hotel industries shed a combined 43000 jobs in March and April, said John F.Stinson Jr., an economist at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Ironically, the pinch comes as the nation’s overall jobless rate remains low. Statistics show that fewer teenagers have been jobless over the past few summers than at any time during the previous decade. “The jobless rates are still low by historical standards.”Mr. Stinson said. Ten years ago, for example, the unemployment rate for 16-to 19-year-old workers was 21.1 percent in June and 15.7 percent in July. Last year, the rate was 14.4 percent and 12.4 percent, respectively, federal figures show.Experts say teenagers looking for summer work still can find jobs but not lots of pay. The continuing slump in the nation’s high-tech sector and lingering uncertainty over the general health of the economy have combined to limit teenagers’ job options to the type of work that American typically have thrived on-the retail and fast-food industries.For the past several years, experts say, large numbers of teenagers found work with high –paying technology companies. But those heady days of $50000 starting salaries for those with computer skills and only a high school diploma have ended.Nationally, some 2.8 million students are expected to graduate from public and private high schools this year, according to the U.S. Department of Education. Lacking some sort of post secondary education or training virtually ensures those graduates will garner low wages. Ron Bird, the chief economist at the Employment Policy Foundation, a Washington-based nonprofit think tank, said economic projections show that wage growth for those with only a high school diploma will be the slowest among all groups.“There is a fundamental shift evident in the U.S.economy, tied primarily to technology, that will reward more professional, management, and technical-type jobs as opposed to line operators,” he said.61.According to the text, the current unemployment rate for teenagers isA. lower than ever beforeB.higher than in the previous decadeparable to the nation’s overall unemployment rateD.higher than it was last year62. Current job prospects for teenagers in the high-tech industry are .A.highly profitableB.in declineC. more promising than the retail industryD.virtually non – existent63. Which of the following individuals is NOT directly quoted in this text?A.The vice president of a temporary employment company.B.Analysts of the high-tech industry.C.An economist at a non-profit think tank.D.A government economist.64. Currently, most job opportunities for high school students and graduates are available inA. the high-tech sectorB. temporary employmentC.retail storesD.amusement parks65.This text is mainly about .A. the cooling of the U.S. economyB. job competition between high school students and high school graduatesC. summer jobs prospects for teenagersD.employment prospects for high school students and graduates四．Reading comprehension II(15points):Directions: Put in the blanks of the following sentences the numbers of the phrases shown below which give the sentences the correct meaning.The years after the cessation of hostilities with victory have not brought us peace; rather, 66 ,They have made us aware 67 us from its realization. There is hardly yet any sign that we have found the kind of equilibrium, political or economic or social, 68 and security 69 they gain confidence in themselves and faith in the good-will of their neighbours. It is, indeed, one of the major sources of doubt and fear that, 70 an atomic bomb. Across practically the whole world. Neighbourhood begins to 71 much of its meaning, and good-will becomes an empty gesture 72 where it is backed by a potential army capable of being mobilized overnight.Complexity 73 to our issues by the overwhelming power of the United States on one side and of Soviet Russia on the other. Never 74 so much of the world’s productive power been concentrated standards so far outdistanced that of any possible rival. Soviet Russia has larger man-power, and it may be, productive resources which, when developed, will rival, perhaps, 77 , those of the United States. But it is hardly excessive to say that, 78 the immense Russian progress since 1917, there is a major element in the technology of production 79 could not hope even to rival the present American standards; and there is no inherent reason to suppose that, 80 , the difference will not be at least as great asit is at the present time.①the younger generations ②a generation from now ③has been added④has added ⑤surpass ⑥surprised⑦save ⑧had ⑨has⑪lose ⑫either ⑬also⑭in spite of ⑮instead of ○16regardless of○17with a view to ○18on the contrary ○19to which○20out of which ○21how long and hard the road is which separates○22in which the government in Moscow ○23in the age when the aeroplane may carry ○24which gives men that sense of ease ○25under the control of a single government 五．Mistake Detection(10 points):I cannot conceive education in a training in so many separate subjects. 81.Education is integral: it is encouragement of the growth of the whole man, 82.the complete man. It follows that it is not entire, nor even mainly, an affair 83.of book learning, for what is only the education of one part of our nature 84.–that part of the mind which deals with concept and abstractions. 85.In the child, who is not yet mature enough to think by these shortcut 86.methods, it should be large an education of the senses- the sense 87.of sight,touch and hearing: in one word, the education of the sensibility. 88.From this point of view there is valid distinction between art and science: it 89.is only the whole man with his diverse interests and faculties, and the aim 90.of education should be develop all these to harmony and completeness.。
清华北大英语高考试卷
Section I: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Part A: Short Conversations (10 points)1. A. The man is late for work. B. The woman is trying to help the man find a job. C. The man is asking for advice on how to improve his work performance.2. A. The man will cook dinner. B. The woman will cook dinner. C. They will go out to eat.3. A. The woman is studying for an exam. B. The man is studying for an exam. C. They are both studying for an exam.4. A. The man is going to the gym. B. The woman is going to the gym. C. They are both going to the gym.5. A. The woman will go to the doctor. B. The man will go to the doctor.C. They will go to the doctor together.Part B: Long Conversations (10 points)6. What is the main topic of the conversation?A. The importance of exercise for health.B. The benefits of a healthy diet.C. The challenges of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.7. According to the conversation, what is the woman's main concern?A. Her weight gain.B. Her lack of time for exercise.C. Her family's eating habits.Part C: Short Passages (10 points)8. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of the Great Wall of China.B. The architectural techniques used in building the Great Wall.C. The significance of the Great Wall in Chinese history.9. According to the passage, why is the Great Wall important to the Chinese people?A. It is a symbol of Chinese strength and determination.B. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site.C. It is a popular tourist destination.Section II: Use of English (40 points)Part A: Vocabulary (20 points)10. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.A. Although / Despite / In spite ofB. Because / Because of / AsC. Instead / In place of / Instead ofD. Before / Until / By11. Choose the correct word form to complete the sentence.A. to have / having / hadB. to go / going / goneC. to be / being / beenD. to do / doing / donePart B: Grammar (20 points)12. Choose the correct sentence to complete the paragraph.A. Although she was tired, she continued to work.B. Because she was tired, she continued to work.C. If she was tired, she continued to work.D. Since she was tired, she continued to work.13. Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence.A. Have you ever been to Paris?B. Are you ever been to Paris?C. Have you ever been to Paris?D. Are you ever been to Paris?Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Part A: Skimming and Scanning (20 points)14. Read the following article and answer the questions.Title: The Impact of Social Media on YouthText: Social media has become an integral part of young people's lives. It allows them to connect with friends, share experiences, and stay informed about current events. However, there are concerns about the negative effects of social media on youth. This article explores the impact of social media on young people's mental health, social interactions, and academic performance.Questions:a) What is the main topic of the article?b) What are some of the negative effects of social media on youth?c) How does social media affect young people's academic performance?Part B: Reading in Depth (20 points)15. Read the following passage and answer the questions.Title: The Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageText: Learning a second language has numerous benefits, both for personal development and professional growth. This passage discusses the advantages of learning a second language, including improved cognitiveabilities, better job opportunities, and a deeper understanding of different cultures.Questions:a) What are some of the cognitive benefits of learning a second language?b) How can learning a second language improve job prospects?c) Why is it important to learn about different cultures?Section IV: Writing (30 points)16. Write a short essay on one of the following topics:The Importance of Environmental ProtectionThe Role of Technology in EducationThe Challenges of GlobalizationYou should write at least 150 words.---Note: This is a sample English high school entrance examination paper. The actual exam may vary in difficulty and content.。
清华北大真题集
2015年清华大学领军计划测试（物理）注意事项：1.2016清华领军计划测试为机考，全卷共100分，考试时间与数学累积120分钟：2.考题全部为不定项选择题，本试卷为回忆版本，故有些问题改编为填空题。
1、在α粒子散射实验中，以下1到5五个区域哪个可能是中心原子存在的区域？2、质量为m，电阻为R的圆环在如图的磁场中下落，稳定时速度为v。
求匀速下落时电动势，有以下两种计算方案。
方法一：由受力平衡RvLBmg22=BLv=ε有结论mgRv=ε方法二：由功能关系mgvPR=RPR2ε=有结论mgvR=ε问：关于以上哪种方法说法正确的是（）A.都正确B.都不正确C.只有方案一正确D.只有方案二正确3、理想气体做kVp=的准静态过程，已知定容比热V C和R，求该过程的比热C4、如图所示，光滑且不计电阻的导轨上有一金属棒，金属棒电阻为R，初速度为smv/1=，空间中有恒定的垂直于导轨平面的磁场，磁感应强度为B，当金属棒减速到10v时，用时s1，速度识别器最低记录是sm/001.0，求总共记录的该导体棒运动时间为多少？5、高为H出平抛一物体，同时在其正下方水平地面斜抛一物体，二者同时落到同地，则斜抛物体的射高为。
6、有一厚度为D的透明玻璃砖，一束白光以入射角60°角射入。
（1）求最早射出色光的折射率（玻璃折射率最小值为n）m in（2）若白色只有红黄绿三种颜色（并给出折射率）问那种色光最先射出？7、小磁铁在铝制空心杆中运动（无裂缝、有裂缝、有交错的矩形裂孔），则先落地的一个是哪一个？.8、均匀带电半圆环，一半带正电，一半带负电，电荷密度为λ，求P 点的场强和电势。
9、一个人在岸上以速度v 水平拉船，岸高度为h ，绳子与河夹角为θ。
此时船的速度和加速度为？2015年清华大学暑期夏令营测试（物理）本试卷共100分，考试用时90分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考点名称填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。
2022年北大附中预科部月考试卷含部分答案
本试卷共 10 页， 100 分 。
考试时长 90 分钟 。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上， 在试卷上作答无效 。
考试结束后， 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1. 除淀粉外的复杂糖类， 如纤维素 、果胶等， 被称为膳食纤维 。
膳食纤维大量存在于蔬菜 、水果 、海藻和粮食 (特别是粗粮) 等植物性食物中， 科学家把它称作人类的“第七类营养素”。
下列说法不正确的 是A.植物细胞壁的主要成分是纤维素和果胶B.纤维素是动物细胞的主要能源物质C.构成纤维素的基本单位是葡萄糖分子D.膳食纤维能够促进胃肠的蠕动和排空2. 下列与高等植物叶肉细胞中ATP 有关的说法不正确的是A.细胞内氧气的跨膜运输 、蛋白质的合成均消耗 ATPB.ATP 脱去 2 个磷酸基团后可以作为合成 RNA 的原料C.在有氧呼吸过程中ATP 主要在线粒体内膜处产生D.ATP/ADP 的比值偏高会反馈抑制细胞呼吸的进行3. 为研究植物光合产物运输的特点， 研究者进行了如下实验。
将玉米以叶脉为界分为左半叶和右半叶 (如下左图)， 用 14CO 2 处理左半叶， 成熟后收获果穗逐行检测其 14C 放射性强度和每行籽粒总重量， 结果如下右图所示 。
根据结果推测不正确的是注： 黑柱和白柱之和为每行籽粒总重量 (mg)； 黑柱为每行籽粒 14C 总放射性 (cpm)； 果穗上 1 → 10 行的顺序是从左到右A.叶片的光合产物主要运输到同侧的果实中B.果穗中含有 14C 的有机物主要为糖类C.如果用 14C 处理右半叶， 黑白柱的数据不变 D.叶片中的光合产物会运输到果实中储存4. 将某种澳大利亚蚂蚁 (2n=2) 的一个精原细胞中的 DNA 全部用 15N 标记， 其染色体上有基因R 和r 。
然后将此精原细胞培养在含 14N 的环境中连续分裂两次， 产生四个子细胞， 分裂过程中无基因突变和染色体畸变发生 。
下列叙述中正确的是A ． 若四个子细胞中均含 1 条染色体， 则有一半子细胞含有 r 基因B ． 若四个子细胞中均含 2 条染色体， 则每个子细胞中均含 2 个 R 基因C ． 若每个子细胞中的核 DNA 均含 15N ， 则每个子细胞均含 2 条染色体D ． 若每个子细胞中有一半核 DNA 含 15N ， 则每个子细胞均含 1 条染色体6 7 8 9 1 02 3 4 5c p m8 0 0 06 0 0 04 0 0 02 0 0 0呈8 0 0 06 0 0 040002 0 0 0行14CO2处理2022. 12下列分析不正确的是 5. 在细胞分裂间期， 线粒体的数目增多， 其增多的方式有 3 种假设： Ⅰ． 细胞利用磷脂 、蛋白质等重新合成； Ⅱ． 细胞利用其他生物膜装配形成； Ⅲ． 分裂增殖形成 。
[整理版]2012年北京大学留学生入学考试英语试卷
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[整理版]2012年北京大学留学生入学考试英语试卷2012年北京大学留学生入学考试英语试卷 to ______ what he had said.试卷使用说明 A. convince B. confirm C. confess D. convey1( 第一部分、第二部分和第三部分的section A(即1-65题)为客观题，答题请用“标准化考试答题卡”12. The new law says that part-time, _____ workers will be granted the same social provisions as即“Answer Sheet I”。
full-time employees.2( “标准化考试答题卡”即“Answer Sheet I”上的试卷类型不填。
13._____assurances from government officials that an investigation is in progress, his 3( “标准化考试答题卡”即“Answer Sheet I”必须用铅笔填写。
whereabouts remain unknown.4( 第三部分的Section B和第四部分为主观题，答题请用“Answer Sheet II”。
A. Despite B. Amid C. Due to D. By5( “Answer Sheet II”必须用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔书写。
14. The_____of private health insurance mean that many elderly people may notbe 6( 答题请用“标准化考试答题卡”即“Answer Sheet I”和“Answer Shee t II”，做在试题册上无效。
comprehensively covered under its terms.A. intuitionsB. circumstancesC. LimitationsD. InstrumentsPart I Vocabulary and Structure (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices 15. The purpose of our organizations to give care to those ____by AIDS and help prevent its marked A, B, C and D.Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the spreading.corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I. A. upset B. affected C. grabbed D. handicapped1. This incident _______the need for better safety measures.A. exposesB. InvolvesC. illustratesD. infers 16. The last bus____ , we had to walk home.2. You should not _____ the peace of others by speaking so loudly. A. going B. having gone C. has gone D. had goneA. prohibitB. banC. collapseD. disturb3. Ruth should have been here three hours ago so she?s ____decidednot to come after all.17. ____I am concerned, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful tohealth.A. occasionallyB. evidentlyC. barelyD. constantly A. For onething B. For what C. As long as D. As far as4. I do not agree with what Mary said just now, but she?s a quite good speaker _____.18. This is _____ a good chance ______ none of us wants to miss it.A. whatsoeverB. moreoverC. neverthelessD. furthermoreA.such …that B. so…that C. too…to D. /…such that5. Mike _____to be the wrong man for the job. 19. It?s a terrible thing, living with the knowledge _____the doctors are not able to save his life.A. turned overB. turned onC. turned inD. turned out6. I plan to _____some time to visit my parents this weekend. A. what B. that C. which D. whereA. set asideB. set backC. set outD. set on7. Information is sometimes _____ from patients when it is thoughtit might hurt them.20. You used to take piano lessons, ____ you?A. doB. don?tC. didD. didn?tA. held upB. held onC. held backD. held out21. Steve proposed that the report ______ by fax.8. I could barely _____the traffic sign through the rain.A. make upB. make outC. make ofD. make for A. sending B. is sentC. be sentD. being sent9. I ______ everything I said about George—he?s been really nice to me recently.22. It ______ 30 years since I got to know him in Hangzhou.A. take overB. take offC. take backD. take on A. is B. was C. had been D. being10. Nobody could _____ a satisfactory explanation of the accident.A. come up withB. come throughC. come uponD. come into23.________ my grandma taught me has become a very important part of my life.11. The visitor told me things about Mary which I didn?t believe, but still I nodded my head as if A. What B. That C. Which D. For24. He sat there quietly, _____ thinking about long-lost friends and classmates.33. A. treat B. deal C. consider D. copeA. as forB. as ifC. as toD. as of34. A. treasured B. valued C. expended D. priced25. _____ my delight, our school football team won the game easily.35. A. acceptable B. responsible C. Reasonable D. accountableA. InB. OfC. ToD. For36. A. retaining B. preventing C. getting D. keepingPart II. Cloze (10%) 37. A. equivalents B. same C. parallels D. equalsDirections; there are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding 38. A. expected B. wanted C. asked D. hopedletter on Answer sheet I.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they 39. A. description B. exposition C. explanation D. Excuseare not ___26___ regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days__27___ the party date. ___28____ this is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it 40. A. achieve B. fulfill C. complete D. accomplishmay be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in___29____, because plans whichare made for a date more than a week away tend to be __30____. 41. A. period B. limit C. term D. beginningThe __31____ of time differ in different parts of the world.___32____, misunderstandings42. A. how B. who C. what D. whicharise between people from cultures that __33___ time differently. Promptness is much __34____ in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or notfully __35___. In the U.S. no one would think of ___36___ a business associate waiting for an 43. A. destruction B. violation C. damage D. breakagehour. It would be too impolite. When ___37___meet, a person who isfive minutes late is __38__to make a short apology. If he is less than five minutes late, hewill say a few words of __39__, 44. A. So B. If C. Yet D. Even though perhaps he will not __40__ the sentence.To Americans, forty minut es of waiting is the __41__ of the “insult period”. No matter 45. A. allowable B. agreeable C. conceivable D. receivable__42__ is said in apology, there is little that can remove the__43__ done by an hour?s wait.__44__ in some other countries, a forty-minute waiting period wasnot unusual. Instead of beingthe very end of the __45__ waiting scale, it was just the beginning. Part III. Reading Comprehension (55%)26. A. chiefly B. greatly C. largely D. highlySection A: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by five questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide 27. A. in B. after C. at D. beforeon the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I.(40%)28. A. Then B. But C. So D. AlsoPassage oneOne of the favorite baseball players in the United States during the 1930's was Leo Frangio. 29. A. advance B. ahead C. front D. time He was born and raised in New York City. As a boy, he was often in trouble with schoolauthorities. He and his friends used to stay away from school toplay baseball. 30. A. forgotten B. neglected C. mistaken D. overlooked He dropped out of high school to begin playing professional ball. In 1931, as a rookie ( 新31. A. means B. meanings C. significance D. senses手 ) with the New York Canaries, Leo hit 38 home runs ( 本垒打 ). For the next five years he hit 40 to 45 home runs a year. In 1936 he hadhis best year, hitting 54 home runs with a 365 32. A. Even B. Moreover C. Thus D. Everbatting average.Leo was a hero to people everywhere, but it was the children that he felt closest to. He If you forget to change the water in a vase of flowers, it begins to smell; microbes are at work. frequently visited hospitals to talk with sick children. He never got married so he always spent Bread left in a package too long gets moldy. Your clothes may mildew. Your food may spoil. All Christmas day with children who didn't have any parents. The children liked him as much as of these things mean microbes at work.Santa Claus. Microbes are also at work when people get sick. In fact, most people think of microbes asIn 1937 Leo had a bad year. After he hit 52 home runs again in 1938, the Canaries decided to something to be destroyed. It is true thatcertain microbes do cause disease, but they are a very trade him. Talks were being held with the Blue Birds an the Robins when Leo said that he was small part of the microbe population. Out of every thirty thousand kinds of microbes, the chances going to retire. He said he would never play for a team other than the Canaries. are that just one is harmfuland likely to cause disease. Most microbes are harmless. And some microbes themselves produce the most powerful weapons we have yet found to conquer disease.After leaving baseball Leo had several different jobs. First he hada job as PR (public They “wonder drugs” such as penicillin andstreptomycin are products of the activity of relations) man for a sporting goods company. He didn't enjoy the work, though, and he quit after microbes.one year. Then he tried working as a sports writer. Since he was not such a good writer, however, 51. Paragraph 1 mainly gives theinformation that ______.he soon gave that up, too. A. microbes are everywhere around us. B. microbes are tiny living things.Finally in 1940, he began working as a radio announcer for baseball games. He became verypopular because he made the game sound so exciting. During the next fifteen years he added C. our earth stays fertile because of microbes. D. microbes do some useful things.much to the language of baseball. But as TV became more and more popular Leo decided to quitannouncing. He moved back to New York where he is still active in teaching children to play 52. Which of the following statements is NOT implied in the passage?baseball. A. Not all of the microbes should be destroyed.46. Which team did Leo play for? B. Microbes do annoying things as well as useful ones.A. The Canaries.B. The Robins.C. The Orioles.D. The Blue Birds. C. It?s very easy to get rid of microbes.47. When was Leo's best year as a player? D. Harmful microbes arevery small in percentage.A. 1938.B. 1936.C. 1931.D. 1937. 53. The term “Wonder drugs”in Paragraph 3 means ______.4A. the drugs that cause wonder . B. the medicine that surprises humans.8. What job did Leo have the longest?A. Playing baseball.B.Working as a PR man.C. Announcing on the radio.D. Working as a sports writer. C. the medicine that works well D. the drugs that are very special.49. Why did Leo quit announcing?54. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Because he was going to be traded.B. Because he became a sports writer.A. Microbes do everything good for human beings.B. Without microbes we can not survive on earth.C. Because he went back to New York.D. Because TV became popular.C. If all microbes are destroyed human beings can be free from disease.D. Although the harmful microbes are small in number, they are the most dangerous in power.50. Why did Leo Frangio become popular as a radio announcer?A. He was a very good baseball player.B. He made the game sound exciting.55. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Benefits of MicrobesB. The Life of Microbes.C. He made the game winD. He was loved by children very much.C. The World of Microbes D. Annoying MicrobesPassage threePassage two Unhappiness used to be considered an unavoidable part of human existence. Knowledge andAll around us is a world of tiny living things called microbes. They are everywhere—in the rationality can help us overcome this dilemma.air, in the soil, in the water we drink. They are on our food, hands, clothes, and everything we Most people oscillate between bursts of happiness and long periods of unhappiness. Only touch. The dust that settles on the furniture carries them. They are on walls, ceiling, floors. They recently have we realized that happiness need not merely be an involuntary emotional response to may be very tiny—most of them too small to be seen—but they are constantly doing things all outside events.about us. Some of the things they do are very useful. The cheese and bread that we eat have Unhappiness can exist only when our actions, perceptions or expectations are not in become the foods they are because of the work of microbes. We owe our sauerkraut, pickles, alignment with objective reality---when we do not understand what is really happeningin theobjective reality. Then what is Objective Reality?vinegar, sour cream, and favorite kinds of sour milk to microbes. Our earth staysfertile becauseof the activity of the billions of microbes in the soil. Objective reality is everything that simply exists. Nature is the small part of Objective RealityMicrobes are responsible, too, for some annoying things that happen every day in your home. that surrounds us and people are just as much part of Objective Reality, as trees, the ocean orother galaxies. B. Many people don?t know how to be happy because they do not recognize the reality ofIf we could have total knowledge of Objective Reality, we would bein complete alignment problematic situations.with the world. Conflicts and problems would disappear because they only arise when our C. By perceiving Objective Reality, we can be the happiest.perceptions are in conflict with Objective Reality. D. It is impossible for man to have total knowledge of reality. Therefore it is not possible for himIn order to understand Objective Reality, we need to have a view of the way the world really to be in total alignment with Objective Reality at any time.is. We need to separate relevant knowledge , such as Gravity and Probability, from knowledgethat is irrelevant to human existence, such as the Big Bang. From cosmology to geology, form Passage Fourevolution to psychology, we need to provide ourselves with the clearest possible perspective of There are very many factors involved in the development of a good team. However, here we the way things reallyare. shall concentrate on three in particular, namely: communication, team balance and leadership.Above all, we must understand that human “Problems” are always the result of ourmisalignment with reality. In order to be aligned with objective reality we need to separate the Communication is clearly an important part of interpersonal interaction and , of course, wheat from the chaff. The more we did, the more chaff we have to shovel. From politics tolove , teamwork is all about interpersonal interaction. Open communication is a fundamental part of form economics to sex. good teamwork so far as it allows team members to understand each other?s point of view, toPersons who rely on religion for guidance through the hardships of life have to overcome an share ideas, to express feelings and to articulate plans. Poor communication can be a major obstinate hindrance: They need to abandon the illusory comforts of a belief system that is filled barrier to effective teamwork. Wrestling with the complexities of communication is therefore part with irrationality. of the challenge of developing an effective team.Many people are ineffective in recognizing the reality ofproblematic situations and thus can The balance of a team involves having people whose experience, skills, perspectives, not choose between happiness and unhappiness. However, it is within the grasp of modern man interests and contributions complement one another, rather thanduplicate or counteract each to acquire a thorough understanding of Objective Reality. other. For example, it is no good having a team full of creative people who have lots of new ideas,Yet, even with the modern science, it is still impossible for man to have total knowledge of but do not have the people who have the stamina to see those ideas through to completion.reality. Therefore it is not possible for him to be in totalalignment with Objective Reality at all Similarly, a team that is fullof people who are steady, strong workers but have little spark or times. creativity, will also be impoverished by comparison with a balanced team. If it is not to becomeConflicts and problems are unavoidable, Yet, by perceiving Objective Reality as clearly as stale and sterile, a team needs people who are prepared to risk conflict by challenging existing possible, we can minimize our conflicts and thus optimize our happiness. norms and assumptions, but, by the same token, a team also needs its peacemakers. Differences 56. _____ can help people avoid being unhappy according to the author of the passage.between team members can, in themselves, lead to conflict but the diversity of the team and thebalance that this diversity can achieve will generally make up forany such conflicts.A. Education B. Objective reality C. Knowledge and rationality D. IrrationalityLeadership refers to the ability to create and sustain a positive working culture to motivate 57. What is the possible meaning of theunderlined word oscillate in paragraph 2?or even inspire staff to play their part in creating a work environment in which there are high standards of practice, a high level of commitment and a positive approach. A key part of A. Hesitate B. Move back and forth C. Change D. Goleadership is “Vision”. This refers to the ability to keep a clear focus on what the team is trying toachieve, what its objectives are in terms of its overall strategyand aims. It is very easy for a team 58. Which of the following is irrelevant knowledge to human existence? of people who are underpressure from various directions to lose their focus on what the team is A. Gravity B. Geology C. Evolution D. Big Bangall about and what purpose it is intended to fulfill. A good leader is somebody who not only keepsa clear focus himself or herself on the team?s purpose and direction, but also ensures that thatvision is shared by the team members and that they are not allowedto drift too far away from it. 59. By using the analogy of “separating wheat from chaff”, the author means that _____.A good leader is somebody who promotes high morale by playing a key role in creating an A. Politics, love, economics and sex are just like chaff. atmosphere in which staff feel valued and supported. This helpsto prevent such problems as B. in order to get more wheat, we have to shovel more chaff. gossip, rumor-mongering and backbiting, which can be so detrimental to a team?s functioning.C. in order to be aligned with objective reality, we have to know how to separate.Effective teamwork therefore depends on a good leader, the right balance of the right peopl e D. human “problems” are actually the result of our misalignment with reality.and the channels of communication remaining open between them. If these three core ingredientscan be brought together, then there is every chance of a very effective team developing .60. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. A belief system is illusory because it is filled with irrationality. 61. According to the passage, the underlined word “stamina”(in Para. 3) means _______.__2__ us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing A. flexibility B. wisdom C. power D. perseverance and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just 62. What is the author?s attitude towards the conflict in a balanced team?__3__ two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third.A. The conflict always happens between some people who are steady and strong workers and the There is an old proverb, …Love me, love my dog.” But there is __4___ wisdom in this:” Love me,creative ones. love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bondof union. Men can think, feel, and B. The diversity of the team and the balance that this diversity can achieve will generally make sympathize with each other through their __5___ author. They live in him together, and he up for any such conflicts. __6__them.C. Without the conflict, the team would be better. A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for theD. Peacemakers can resolve the conflict. world of a man?s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are 63. What is a key part of leadership in the author?s view? treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, __7___, remembered and cherished, become our A. The ability to keep a clear focus on what the team is trying to achieve, what its objectives are __8___ companions and comforters.in terms of its overall strategy and aims. Books possess __9__ essence of immortality. They are by far the __10__lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books __11__. Time isof no account with great B. The ability to create and sustain a positive working culture.thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author?s minds, ages C. The ability to motivate or even inspire staff.D. The ability to create a work environment in which there are high standards of practice, a high __12__. What was then said and thoughtstill speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printedpage. The only effect of time have been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature level of commitment and a positive approach.__13___what is really good can long survive.64. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?A. Poor communication among team members can be a major hindrance to effective teamwork.Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the __14__of the greatest mindsthat have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see the asif they were really alive; we B. In a balanced team, team members? experience, skills, perspectives, interests and contributions sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we are totally different. feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.C. An atmosphere in which the staff feel valued and supported can help prevent the problems such as unkind and unpleasant talk about someone who is absent. The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk D. A good team leader is a person who not only focuses himself/herself on the purpose and abroad. The book is a living voice.It is an intellect __15__which on still listens.direction of the team, but also makes sure that other members of the team share this focus.Word Bank65. What is the main idea of the passage? A. to B. survive C. of D. favorite E. whichA. There are very many factors involved in the development of a good team.B. One of the key aspects of effective teamwork is open communication. F. that G. but H. in I. if J. constantC. No matter how good a team may be, conflicts will inevitably occur some time.K. ago L. an M. as N. more O. mostD. Effective teamwork depends on a good leader, the right balance of the right people and the channels of communication remaining open between them.P. upon Q. the R. at S. though T. presence Section B: In this section, there is a passage with 15 blanks. You are required to select one word for each1. ___________2. ____________3. ____________4. _____________5._____________blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once. Write the corresponding letter for each blank on Answer 6. ___________ 7. ____________ 8.____________ 9.______________ 10._____________Sheet II. (15%)A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for 11. ___________ 12. ___________ 13. ____________ 14. ____________ 15. ____________there is a companionship of books as well as __1___ men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it Part IV: Proofreading (10%) will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered line. Youmay have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it and write controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words(in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answers on community as many as the child's own happiness. 5. ______________Answer Sheet II.Examples:eg. 1 (1) The meeting begun 2 hours ago. As regards the development of morality standards in the growing child, 6. ______________ Correction put on Answered Sheet II; (1) begun beganeg. 2(2) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went upconsistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one dayCorrection put on Answered Sheet II; (2) (Scarcely ) had (they) and excuse it the next is not foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should 7. ______________eg. 3(3) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on Answered Sheet II; (3) notIn bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's realize that “example is more better than precept”. If they are not sincere and 8. ______________acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first speaking words, the first independent 1. _____________do not practice what they preach (说教),their children may grow confused andsteps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think themselves, 9. _____________the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerousand realize they have been to some extent fooled. feelings offailure and state of worry in the child. This might happen at 2.______________A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents'any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. 10.______________might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of thewords he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child left alone too much, 3. ______________or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm forlife and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strict towards their children. 4. ______________Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are sever overtimes of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the们可以通过共同喜爱的作家沟通思惟，交流感情，彼此息息相通，并与自己喜欢的作家思惟相通，情感相融。
北大本科留学生全真模拟考试(英语)
本科留学生全真模拟考试一．V ocabulary and Structure (25points)Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given.1. Must he come to sign this paper himself?- Yes, he .A. needB. mustC. mayD.will2. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have takenB. could have takenC. needn’t have takenD.mustn’t have taken3.As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning.A. mayn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t4. Practising Chiness Knug fu can not only one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.A.bring upB.take upC.build upD.pull up5. It is reported that the police will soon the case of the two missing children.A. look uponB.look afterC.look inD.look out6. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still the traditional customs.A. performB.possessC.observeD.support7.-What should I do first?- The instructions______that you should mix flour with water carefully first.A.goB.tellC.writeD.say8.It was already past midnight and only three young men in the tea house.A. leftB. remainedC.delayedD.deserted9.The photos on the wall Grandma of those happy old days when a large family lived together.A. repeatB. rememberC.remindD.retell10.-Mr. Wang, may I join in the relay race?-No problem. I’ II you and Dan in the race.A. orderB. adjustC.placeD.enter11. Bill Gates was so kind that he decided to ninety percent of his money to the charities.A. give upB. give awayC.give outD.give off12.More often than not, it is difficult to the exact meaning of a Tang poem in English.A. exchangeB. conveyC.transferD.consult13.I need the money badly now and I have to my car though I’m not at all willing to do so.A. donateB. sacrificeC.declineD.deliver14.The book didn’t children probably because the author employed too many scientific terms in it.A. apply toB.appeal toC. intend toD.lead to15.While I don’t agree with her, I think her argument was quite cleverly .A. setB.putC.saidD.settled16. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what in science and technology.A. had discoveredB. had been discoveredC. has discoveredD. has been discovered17. Ladies and gentlemen, please your seat belts. The plane .A. takes offB. is taking offC. has taken offD. took off18. Why not come over at the weekend? The children seeing you again.A. enjoyedB. will enjoyC. would enjoyD.have enjoyed19. –I don’t believe that John can remember what the robber was like.-You’re wrong. I know it was dark, but he the robber’s face –I’m sure of it!A.did seeB. was seeingC. had seenD.would see20. –I wonder if you could go with me to the cinema.-Don’t disturb me. I a composition all the morning and haven’t finished yet.A.writeB.was writingC.have writtenD. have been writing21. –Mr. Wang got the first prize in the singing competition last week.-Oh. That’s what he for years.A. had been expectingB. has expectedC. expectedD.have been repairing22. Please stop to have a rest. You the washing machine the whole morning.A. have repairedB.were repairing .C. have been repairedD. have been repairing23. The newly –built bookstore provides easy to good books.A. accessB. convenienceC.channelD. chance24. When they arrived at the crossroads, they went in the wrong .A. roadB. wayC.pathD.direction25. Young people look forward to reaching the in life.A. aimB.sakeC.purposeD. goal二．Cloze(10points):What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 26 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 27 two speakers speak in exactly the same 28. We can always hear differences 29them, and the pronunciation of English 30 a great deal in different geographical 31. How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 32? This is not a question that can be 33 in the same way for all foreign learners of English.34 you live in a part of the world 35 India or West Africa, where there is a long 36 of speaking English for general communication purpose, you should 37 to acquire a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It would be 38in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 39of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 40 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 41your model some from of 42English pronunciation. It does not 43 very much which form you choose. The most 44 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 45most often..26. A. meaning B.sense C. case D. situation27.A. Not B.No C.None D.Nor28.A. type B.form C. sort D.way29.A. between B.among C.of D.from30.A. changes B.varies C.shifts D.alters31.A. areas B.parts C.countries D.spaces32.A.direction B.guide C.symbol D.model33.A.given B.responded C.symbol D.answered34. A. Because B.When C.IfD. Whether35.A. as B. in C. like D.near36. A.custom B. use C tradition D. habit37. A.aim B. propose C. select D.tend38.A.fashion B. mistake C. nonsense D. possibility39. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. things40. A. where B. that C. which D. wherever41. A. to B. with C.on D. as42. A. practical B. domestic C. native D. new43. A.care B.affect C.trouble D. matter44. A. effective B. sensitive C. ordinary D.careful45. A. listen B. hear C. notice D. find三、Reading comprehension I (40 points)At no single spot on the South American continent can the step of man’s conquest of Andes be seen more clearly than the famous Uspalata Pass between Chile and Argentine.Indians of the days before the coming of the white men climbed along a narrow path, perhaps with llamas carrying their belongings . These “little camels”of the Andes were the only burden bearers the Incas had in the four hundred years when they were extending theirempire from Peru to Chile and northward to Quito. These animals could live at altitudes of over two and one-half miles above sea level where in the later days the horses and mules of the conquerors would die of mountain sickness.Over this road, if a llama path can be called a road, a single explorer or trader went now and again in the days of the Spanish conquerors . But the traveled route across the continent was farther north, across form Peruto Upper Peru (now Bolivia),through western Paraguay, and then down to Buenos Aires. The southern Andes practically shut the door between Chile and Argentina.46. The Uspallata Pass isA.so steep and narrow that no man has ever conquered.B.one of many famous spots of the Andes that were conquered by man .C.famous because one can command a fine view of Chile and Argentina.D. the most well-known path of the Andes because of its steepness conquered by man .47.The “little camels”meansA.camels with small humps.B.beasts of buren like small camelsC.small animals used as burden bearers in Peru, Chile and Argentina since four hundred yearsago.D.the only animals the Incas had.48.The passage states that these “little camels”couldA.travel long distances without water.B.travel long distances without rest.C. live at high altitudes.D.carry extremely heavy loads.49.The word “their”in line 4 refers toA.Indians.B.white men.C.llamas.D.burden bearers.50.the writer of this passage probably goes on to tell howA munication has been improved beween Chile and Argentina.B.even before the Incas there was a trail across the pass.C.the Andes still prevent travel between Chile and Argentina.D.Argentina for a long time opposed easy travel to Chile.BBefore World War II, our interest in the Far East was casual and sporadic. To be sure, Commodore Perry had opened Japan in 1853, and after the turn of the century we tried to keep the door open in China by diplomaticefforts. Our cultural and economic relations were more important than our political activities. We introduced Christianity, Concord grapes, and cash registers to the area. In turn ,we decorated our American homes with Japanses prints and Chinese jade, we wore Far Eastern silk, and we drank Formosa tea.Beseball because the Japanese national game and American universities had school named after them in China.But the Far East really was far ; and it was different. Its languages, spoken and written, were completely unfamiliar. Its religions were concerned with different gods, different forms of worship, and different explanations of the purpose of life. Its organizations-government, school, and family-rested on a different basis of authority. Even its people had different characteristics and capabilities.Nor did we make any great effort to learn about the Far East. The attention of our education system and most of our scholars was concentrated upon our immediate society and its origin. This enterprise carried used across the Atlantic, and we studied European history and culture. We pursuedour cultural ancestry back to the Greek, the Romans,and the Hebrews. But the usual college graduate knew more about the moon than he did about Korea,more about the early Romans than he did about contemporary China. –Willard Thop—51. Before World War IIA.political activities were far more important than cultural activities.B.American universities had schools nameds after them in China.C.the Far East was an important area for growing grapes.D.Japan introduced cash registers into China.52.The main idea of these paragraphs is thatA.there was not a close relationship between the United States and the Far East beforeWorld War II.B.Since Commondore Perry opened Japan in 1853 many western ideas have been introduced into Japan.C.though there had been some cultural relations, the Far was still very different from the West.D.Americans were not interested in the Far East.53.The lack of interest in the Far East was a result ofA.the attitude toward the Far East that it had little true culture worth studying.B.a recongnition that Far Eastern culture was different.C.the priority given to one’s own society and its origins.D.the little contact because of distance.54.To “keep the door open in China”means toA.protect vested interests of the colonial powers.B.maintain diplomatic exchanges of personnel.C.continue commercial and cultural relationships.D.prevent efforts to keep us out of China.55.Far eastern religions were characterized as—A.interested in Christianity.B.unlike those in west .C.related to their basis of authority.D.casual and unrelated to language..CThe market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. They are as closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market.In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facingkeen competition;under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting, what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work. The commercial counselor’s offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their tarde groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities. Of course, there are some other ways of making market investigations.56. In making market investigation, one should .A. get enough information concernedB. advertise his productsC. produce high quality goodsD. none of the above57. The word “indispensable” in the first line means .A. impossibleB. essentialC. advisableD. available58.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The relationship between market investigations and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth.B. It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigations.C. There are various ways of making market investigations.D. Production goes before the market investigation.59. Making market investigations is very important because .A. in the market, goods on sale are numerousB. every producer is facing keen competitionC. it can greatly promote salesD. all of the above60. All the following are channels to get market information EXCEPT .A. to have commercial counselor’s office of our embassies stationed abroadB. to promote the quality of our own productsC. to send trade groups abroad every now and thenD. to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmenDGraduating hign school seniors looking to enter the workforce and other high school students searching for summer jobs are facing a tighter job market this year as the once red-hot U.S. economy continues to cool. Nationally, the jobless rate for 16-to 19-year-olds continues to rise. The unemployment rate for teenagers hit 14.2 percent in April, compared with 12.8percent last year, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.“It’s very obvious that it’s going to be a little harder this summer, because businesses are much more reserved and cautious,” said Mark J.Gambill, the vice president of marketing at Manpower Inc. the nation’s largest temporary employment agency. The New York City-based company recently surveyed 16,000 public and private employers. It found manufacturing, light industry, and high-tech firms were least likely to be seeking employees.Temporary jobs typically are the first to suffer in a slowing economy, but other sectors that employ teenagers heavily have fallen on leaner times as well. For instance, the amusement, recreation, and hotel industries shed a combined 43000jobs in March and April, said John F.Stinson Jr.,an economist at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Ironically, the pinch comes as the nation’s overall jobless rate remains low. Statistics show that fewer teenagers have been jobless over the past few summers than at any time during the previous decade. “The joblessrates are still low by historical standards.” Mr. Stinson said. Ten years ago, for example, the unemployment rate for 16-to 19-year-old workers was 21.1percent in June and 15.7percent in July. Last year, the rate was 14.4percent and 12.4percent, respectively, federal figures show.Experts say teenagers looking for summer work still can find jobs but not lots of pay. The continuing slump in the nation’s high-tech sector and lingering uncertainty over the general health of the economy have combined to limit teenagers’ job options to the type of work that American typically have thrived on-the retail and fast-food industries.For the past several years, experts say, large numbers of teenagers found work with high –paying technology companies. But those heady days of $50000 starting salaries for those with computer skills and only a high school diploma have ended.Nationally, some 2.8million students are expected to graduate from public and private high schools this year, according to the U.S. Department of Education. Lacking some sort of post secondary education or training virtually ensures those graduates will garner low wages. Ron Bird, the chief economist at the Employment Policy Foundation, a Washington-based nonprofit think tank, said economic projections show that wage growth for those with only a high school diploma will be the slowest among all groups.“There is a fundamental shift evident in the U.S.economy, tied primarily to technology, that will reward more professional, management, and technical-type jobs as opposed to line operators,”he said.61.According to the text, the current unemployment rate for teenagers isA. lower than ever beforeB.higher than in the previous decadeC parable to the nation’s overall unemployment rateD.higher than it was last year62. Current job prospects for teenagers in the high-tech industry are .A.highly profitableB.in declineC. more promising than the retail industryD.virtually non – existent63. Which of the following individuals is NOT directly quoted in this text?A.The vice president of a temporary employment company.B.Analysts of the high-tech industry.C.An economist at a non-profit think tank.D.A government economist.64. Currently, most job opportunities for high school students and graduates are available inA. the high-tech sectorB. temporary employmentC.retail storesD.amusement parks65.This text is mainly about .A. the cooling of the U.S. economyB. job competition between high school students and high school graduatesC. summer jobs prospects for teenagersD.employment prospects for high school students and graduates四．Reading comprehension II(15points):Directions: Put in the blanks of the following sentences the numbers of the phrases shown below which give the sentences the correct meaning.The years after the cessation of hostilities with victory have not brought us peace; rather, 66,They have made us aware 67 us from its realization. There is hardly yet any sign that we have found the kind of equilibrium, political or economic or social, 68and security 69they gain confidence in themselves and faith in thegood-will of their neighbours. It is, indeed, one of the major sources of doubt and fear that, 70an atomic bomb. Across practically the whole world. Neighbourhood begins to 71much of its meaning, and good-will becomes an empty gesture 72where it is backed by a potential army capable of being mobilized overnight.Complexity 73to our issues by the overwhelming power of the United States on one side and of Soviet Russia on the other. Never 74so much of the world’s productive power been concentrated standards so far outdistanced that of any possible rival. Soviet Russia has larger man-power, and it may be, productive resources which, when developed, will rival, perhaps, 77, those of the United States. But it is hardly excessive to say that, 78the immense Russian progress since 1917,there is a major element in the technology of production 79 could not hope even to rival the present American standards; and there is no inherent reason to suppose that, 80, the difference will not be at least as great as it is at the present time.①the younger generations ②a generation from now ③has been added④has added ⑤surpass⑥surprised⑦save ⑧had⑨has⑪lose⑫either⑬also⑭in spite of ⑮instead of ○16regardless of○17with a view to ○18on the contrary ○19to which○20out of which ○21how long and hard the road is which separates○22in which the government in Moscow○23in the age when the aeroplane may carry○24which gives men that sense of ease ○25under the control of a single government五．Mistake Detection(10 points):I cannot conceive education in a training in so many separate subjects. 81.Education is integral: it is encouragement of the growth of the whole man, 82.the complete man. It follows that it is not entire, nor even mainly, an affair 83.of book learning, for what is only the education of onepart of our nature 84.–that part of themind which deals with concept and abstractions. 85.In the child, who is not yet mature enough to think by these shortcut 86.methods, it should be large an education of the senses- the sense 87.of sight,touch and hearing: in one word,the education of the sensibility. 88.From this point of view there is valid distinction between art and science:it 89.is only the whole man with his diverse interests and faculties, and the aim 90.of education should be develop all these to harmony and completeness.。
北大留学生入学考试语文试卷
一、选择题（每题1分，共5分）1.下列汉字中，不属于形声字的是：A.池B.桃C.森D.意2.下列词语中，不属于成语的是：A.狐假虎威B.虎头蛇尾C.一马当先D.鸡飞蛋打3.下列句子中，使用了比喻修辞手法的是：A.他的脸色像雪一样白。
B.他跑得像兔子一样快。
C.他的声音像雷一样响亮。
D.他的心像石头一样硬。
4.下列句子中，使用了排比修辞手法的是：A.春天来了，花儿开了，鸟儿叫了。
B.他喜欢读书，喜欢运动，喜欢旅行。
C.这个城市很美，很干净，很繁华。
D.这个问题很难，很复杂，很棘手。
5.下列句子中，使用了夸张修辞手法的是：A.他一天能吃十碗饭。
B.他的力气大得能举起一座山。
C.他的声音响得能震聋人的耳朵。
D.他的学问深得像无底洞。
二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）1.《红楼梦》的作者是曹雪芹。
（）2.“孔子”是中国古代的哲学家、教育家。
（）3.“长城”是中国古代的军事防御工程。
（）4.“春节”是中国传统的重要节日。
（）5.“京剧”是中国传统戏曲的一种。
（）三、填空题（每题1分，共5分）1.“三人行，必有我师”出自《论语》中的______篇。
2.《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，分为“风”、“雅”、“颂”三个部分，其中“风”是指______。
3.“明月几时有，把酒问青天”是唐代诗人______的名句。
4.中国古代的四大发明是指造纸术、火药、印刷术和______。
5.中国古代的“科举制度”最早起源于______朝。
四、简答题（每题2分，共10分）1.简述《论语》的主要内容和影响。
2.简述《红楼梦》的主要情节和主题。
3.简述中国古代的“丝绸之路”的历史意义。
4.简述中国古代的“科举制度”的起源和发展。
5.简述中国古代的“四大发明”对世界的影响。
五、应用题（每题2分，共10分）1.请举例说明比喻修辞手法在文学作品中的应用。
2.请举例说明排比修辞手法在文学作品中的应用。
3.请举例说明夸张修辞手法在文学作品中的应用。