西方国家概况课后加拿大exercise
英语国家概况王恩铭加拿大考试重点
英语国家概况王恩铭加拿大考试重点
加拿大的英语国家概况考试中，以下内容可能是重点：
1. 加拿大的地理位置：加拿大位于北美洲北部，和美国接壤。
广阔的国土面积、丰富的自然资源和多样的地形地貌是加拿大的特点。
2. 加拿大的政治制度：加拿大是一个君主立宪制国家，现任国家元首是英国女王伊丽莎白二世，实际上的国家领导人是总督和总理。
3. 加拿大的人口和文化：加拿大是一个多元文化的国家，各种文化和民族在这里共存。
最大的民族群体是英裔和法裔居民。
4. 加拿大的经济发展：加拿大是一个发达国家，主要经济领域包括资源开采、制造业、金融服务、旅游业等。
加拿大的经济也受到国际经济形势和贸易政策的影响。
5. 加拿大的教育和医疗系统：加拿大拥有高质量的教育和医疗系统，教育资源丰富，各级学校和大学享有国际声誉。
6. 加拿大的环境保护和气候变化：加拿大拥有广袤的森林、湖泊和其他自然资源，对环境保护十分重视。
同时，气候变化对加拿大的影响也逐渐显现，如北极冰层消融、海洋水位上升等。
7. 加拿大的社会福利和公共服务：加拿大有健全的社会福利制度，提供医疗保健、退休金、失业救济等福利。
公共服务也较
为完善，如交通、公共安全等。
以上是可能在加拿大英语国家概况考试中的重点内容。
英语国家概况 加拿大 学生版
Chapter 1 A Panoramic View of Canada加拿大国土面积约998万平方公里,是仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国。
她位于北美洲的北半部，东临大西洋，西接太平洋，南面与美国接壤，北临北冰洋。
加拿大是世界上海岸线最长的国家，人口3500万，相当于中国贵州省人口总数。
加拿大分为十个省和三个地区，首都渥太华，官方语言为英语和法语。
加拿大地域辽阔，地形多样，不同区域的气温和降水差异很大，夏季最高气温在35℃以上，冬季最低气温在零下35℃以下。
北方地区气候寒冷，冬季积雪期多达4-10个月。
但大多地区并不是人们印象中的特别寒冷。
加拿大气候分为北极地区、北部地区、太平洋地区等七个地区。
17世纪法国人在加拿大建立移民点以前，北美大陆最早的土著居民是印第安人和因纽特人。
1534年，法国探险家用J.卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河这条通往加拿大的主要水路，为后来法国的殖民活动奠定了基础。
另一个法国人S.尚普兰于1603年在今新斯科舍省建立了北美第一个殖民地。
1612年尚普兰被任命为新法兰西殖民地第一任总督，他因在北美开发殖民地有重大贡献而被后人称为“新法兰西之父”。
随后，17到18世纪，英法在北美发生一系列的武装冲突，1756年到1763年的英法七年战争，以法军战败而告终。
1763年，英法签订《巴黎和约》，加拿大从此沦为百年英属殖民地时期。
1867年，英国议会形成并通过了《英属北美法案》，决定由安大略省、魁北克省、新不伦瑞克和新斯科舍四省合并成联邦国家，国名为“加拿大自治领”，首都渥太华。
一、二战期间，加拿大经济迅速发展，1949年，纽芬兰最终成为加拿大第10个省。
I. A Geographical SurveyWith an area of 9,984,670 square kilometers, Canada is a huge country, second in size only to Russia and slightly larger than China. Yet approximately, it has only 35 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. Situated in northern half of the North America, Canada extends from the Great Lakes1in the south to the majestic Rocky Mountains2in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north.Map of Canada1. Provinces and TerritoriesJust as the United States is a federation of states, Canada is a federation of provinces. It is now made up of ten provinces — Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia —and three territories —Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon Territory. Each area has its own provincial flag.1五大湖是位于加拿大与美国交界处的5个大型淡水湖泊，按面积从大到小分别为：苏必利尔湖、休伦湖、密歇根湖、伊利湖和安大略湖。
《英语国家概况》课后题参考答案
《英语国家概况》课后题参考答案Chapter Thirteen Geography1. How many states are there in the United States? Which one is the largest and which one is the smallest?There are 50 states in the United States. The largest one in area is Alaska and Rhode Island the smallest.2. Why does the United States have an ideal location for trade?The United States has an ideal location for trade. Its Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australasia. So the United States is well connected to the rest of the world.3. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main mountain ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. Many important rivers in the United States include the Mississippi River and its two tributaries- the Missouri and the Ohio, two great rivers on the Pacific coast the Colorado and the Columbia, the Rio Grande River, the Hudson River and the Potomac. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes including Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.4. What are the benefits of the lakes, rivers and seacoasts of the United States?The Lakes and rivers form a complete system of water ways which provides cheap transportation for materials. Many swift rivers provide good sources of hydroelectric power. The long and irregular seacoasts provide many excellent harbors.5. What are the factors which influence the climate of the United States?The most important factors are the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. The western mountain ranges have an important effect on the climate of the Far West.6. How many types of climate can be found in the United States? What are they?Six types of climate can be found in the United States. They are the humid continental climate in the northeastern part of the country, the humid subtropical climate in the southeastern United States, the continental steppe climate of the Great Plains, the continental desert climate of the intermountain region, the maritime climate in the Pacific northwest and the Mediterranean climate in the southern part of the Pacific coast.7. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they?Traditionally from the east to west the United States can be divided into seven geographical region. They areNew England, the Middle Atlantic States, the Midwest, the South, the Great Plains, Rockies and Intermountain region or the American West, the Pacific Coast and the New States.8. What are the major economic activities of the Midwest and the South of the United States?The Midwest has the most developed agriculture. It is also a major manufacturing region and the nation’s leading centre of heavy industry. The South is rich in mineral resources and has light as well as heavy industries. It produces over half of the petroleum. It contains 90% of the American textile industry. It has a large agriculture. 9. Why is the tourist trade so important in the American West?Because much of the Rocky mountain area is too mountainous for grazing, and very little of it is usable farmland. And the government has set aside large areas of land as national parks.10. List three geographical differences between Alaska and Hawaii.The two states have many contrasts. Alaska occupies the north-western corner of North America. It extends northward into the Arctic Circle. Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean in the tropic. Alaska has the largest land area of all the states, and Hawaii has one of the smallest land areas.。
范文英语国家概况-加拿大(Canada).pptx
Marc Upton
精品文档
1
Native Americans lived in Canada for thousands of years. In the early 1600s, colonists from Britain and France began to settle in eastern Canada, along the St. Lawrence River. Canada proved to be an excellent spot for trapping and trading of furs. In the 1800s, settlers began to push west. Most of the native Americans were displaced by the Europeans.
The provinces or territories have responsibility for things like education, highways, healthcare, and welfare8.
In areas with a municipal government, the municipal government is responsible for local matters like firefighting and city streets12.
7% of Canada’s land mass is covered with over 2 million lakes, the largest being the Northwest Territories’ Great Bear Lake4.
英语国家概况 加拿大篇
农业是国民经济的主要支柱。其中石油行业一直是加拿大经济增长的主要动力，推动加拿大贸易转亏为
盈，并有大量的投资。
加拿大联邦和各省政府经营多种国际保险业务成为经济一大亮点，包括出口信用保险和投资保险。
保险业资产位居加拿大金融业第二位。目前加拿大非寿险公司有近400家。
农业食品业是加拿大经济的重要组成部分，占其国内生产总值的8%。产物主要有：小麦、燕麦、大豆、 油菜籽、大麦、红肉类（牛、猪和羊）、水果、蔬菜、酒类、烟草、饮料等，约60%出口美国。
the Canadian state enterprise, Canadian post, Canadian railway Supreme Court judge, Canadian
federal government agencies, etc..
司法机关 The Judiciary
加拿大最高法院由1名大法官和8名陪审法官组成， 主要仲裁联邦和各省上诉的重大政治、法律、有关宪 法问题以及重大民事和刑事案件。最高法院的裁决为 终审裁决。最高法院法官均由总理提名，总督任命， 75岁退休。
来自印度、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡的南亚
移民人口达到130万，超过华裔成为加
拿大最大的少数族裔。华裔人口中25%
的人是在加拿大本土出生的，其余大部
分来自中国大陆、香港和台湾。
移民 Immigration
加拿大是世界上移民率最高的国家之一，主要是受该国的经济政策和家庭移
民政策影响。2012年，有257887人移民至加拿大。加拿大政府预计在未来几年，
【工业】 2014年加制造业总产值1732.67亿加元，占国内生产总值的8.8％，从业人员 171万，占全国就业人口的9.6％。建筑业总产值1173.81亿加元，占国内生产总值的7.2 ％，从业人员137.1万，占全国就业人口的7.7％。
英语国家概况-加拿大(Canada)
Currency
All of Canada uses the Canadian Dollar20.
There are no 1 or 2 dollar bills in Canada, they have been replaced by the 1 and 2 dollar coins – the “loonie” and the “toonie”20.
Canada is the 10th largest exporter of oil and the 3rd largest exporter of natural gas in the world17. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States, including; oil, gas, uranium, and also electric power8.
Some of Canada’s natural resources are; iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower8.
In history, the Canadian dollar has usually been at least a bit weaker than the United States dollar, but recently the trend has changed8.
英语国家概况作业 加拿大
Part Three CanadaUnit one The Land and the PeopleWords and expressions1.Arctic Ocean n. 北冰洋2.contrast [kən'trɑ:st, -'træst, 'kɔntrɑ:st, -træst]vi. 对比；形成对照vt. 使对比；使与…对照n. 对比；差别；对照物3.territory ['teritəri] n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图[复数territories ]4.renown [ri'naun] n. 声誉；名望vt. 使有声望5.topography[tə'pɔɡrəfi] n. 地势；地形学；地志[复数topographies ]6.gigantic[,dʒai'ɡæntik] adj. 巨大的，庞大的7.rocky['rɔki] adj. 岩石的，多岩石的；坚如岩石的；摇晃的；头晕目眩的[比较级rockier 最高级rockiest ]8.marshy['mɑ:ʃi] adj. 沼泽的；湿地的[比较级marshier 最高级marshiest ]9.uninhabitable[,ʌnin'hæbitəbl] adj. 不适宜居住的10.rim[rim] n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈vi. 作…的边，装作于vt. 作…的边，装边于[过去式rimmed 过去分词rimmed 现在分词rimming ]11.reservoir['rezəvwɑ:] n. 水库；蓄水池12.glacier['ɡlæsjə] n. 冰河，冰川13.estuary['estjuəri] n. 河口；江口[复数estuaries ]14.volume['vɔlju:m] n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vi. 成团卷起vt. 把…收集成卷15.navigation[,nævi'ɡeiʃən] n. 航行；航海16.recreational[,rekri'eiʃənəl; -kri:-] adj. 消遣的；娱乐的17.hydroelectric[,haidrəui'lektrik] adj. 水力发电的；水电治疗的18.navigable['næviɡəbl] adj. 可航行的；可驾驶的；适于航行的19.salmon['sæmən] n. 鲑鱼；大马哈鱼；鲑肉色adj. 浅澄色的[复数salmons ]20.northerly['nɔ:ðəli] adj. 北方的，向北的；来自北方的adv. 向北；来自北方n. 北风[复数northerlies ]21.prominent['prɔminənt]adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的[比较级more prominent 最高级most prominent ]22.elevation[,eli'veiʃən] n. 高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图23.prairies n. （美）大草原（prairie的复数）24.facilitate[fə'siliteit] vt. 促进；帮助；使容易[过去式facilitated 过去分词facilitated 现在分词facilitating ]25.Appalachian Mountains阿巴拉契亚山脉26.St. Lawrence River圣劳伦斯河27.erode[i'rəud] vt. 腐蚀，侵蚀；磨去；磨损；蜕变：28.fishery['fiʃəri] n. 渔业；渔场；水产业[复数fisheries ]29.forestry['fɔristri] n. 林业；森林地；林学30.lowland['ləulænd] n. 低地；苏格兰低地adj. 低地的；苏格兰低地的31.outlets n. 出路；销售点；排水口；批发商点（outlet的复数形式）32.shield[ʃi:ld] n. 盾；防护物；保护者vt. 遮蔽；包庇；避开；保卫vi. 防御；起保护作用33.pasture['pɑ:stʃə, 'pæs-] n. 草地；牧场；牧草vt. 放牧；吃草[过去式pastured 过去分词pastured 现在分词pasturing ]34.buffalo['bʌfələu] n. [畜牧][脊椎] 水牛；[脊椎] 野牛（产于北美）；水陆两用坦克[复数buffaloes或buffalos或buffalo 过去式buffaloed 过去分词buffaloed 现在分词buffaloing ]35.basin['beisən] n. 水池；流域；盆地；盆36.dense[dens] adj. 稠密的；浓厚的；愚钝的[比较级denser 最高级densest ]37.barren['bærən] adj. 贫瘠的；不生育的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的n. 荒地38.temperate['tempərit] adj. 温和的；适度的；有节制的[比较级more temperate 最高级most temperate ]prise[kəm'praiz] vt. 包含；由…组成[过去式comprised 过去分词comprised 现在分词comprising ]40.tundra['tʌndrə] n. [生态] 苔原；[地理] 冻原；冻土地带41.permafrost['pə:məfrɔ:st] n. 永久冻土，永久冻地；永久冻结带；永久冰冻42.damp[dæmp] vt. 使潮湿；使阻尼；使沮丧，抑制vi. 减幅，阻尼；变潮湿n. 潮湿，湿气adj. 潮湿的[比较级damper 最高级dampest ]43.maritime['mæritaim] adj. 1.海的，海事的，海上的，沿海的，近海的2.滨海居住的3.海员的；具有海员特点的；水手的44.blizzard['blizəd] n. 暴风雪，大风雪；大打击vi. 下暴风雪45.indigenous[in'didʒinəs] adj. 本土的；土著的；国产的；固有的46.ratio['reiʃiəu, -ʃəu] n. 比率，比例[复数ratios ]47.descent[di'sent] n. 下降；血统；袭击vt. 除去…的气味；使…失去香味48.intermarry[,intə'mæri] vi. 通婚；近亲结婚[过去式intermarried 过去分词intermarried 现在分词intermarrying ]49.uneven[,ʌn'i:vən] adj. 不均匀的；不平坦的；[数] 奇数的50.sparsely['spa:sli] adv. 稀疏地；贫乏地51.seaport['si:pɔ:t] n. 海港；港口都市52.mobility[məu'biləti] n. 移动性；机动性；[电子] 迁移率53.vigorous['viɡərəs] adj. 有力的；精力充沛的54.refugee[,refju'dʒi:, 'refjudʒi:] n. 难民，避难者；流亡者，逃亡者55.pledge[pledʒ] 1.誓约，誓言；保证，诺言 2.保人，保证者；保证物3.信物；定钱；(象征爱情的)孩子4.祝酒；干杯；祝愿5.字据；协议6.抵押，典押7.典当物，抵押品；抵押者8.[美国英语]答应加入一组织正式成为会员前有一段考核期间者，预备会员56.proclamation[,prɔklə'meiʃən] n. 公告；宣布；宣告；公布57.amend[ə'mend] vt. 修改；改善，改进vi. 改正，改善；改过自新58.asylum[ə'sailəm] n. 庇护；收容所，救济院59.cavalry['kævəlri] n. 骑兵；装甲兵；装甲部队[复数cavalries ]60.permeat n. 渗透水61.elite[ei'li:t, i'li:t] n. 精英；精华；中坚分子62.recruit[ri'kru:t] n. 招聘；新兵；新成员vt. 补充；聘用；征募；使…恢复健康vi. 复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康63.desperate['despərət] adj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的64.bolster['bəulstə] n. 支持；长枕vt 支持；支撑65.disperse[dis'pə:s] vt. 分散；使散开；传播vi. 分散adj. 分散的过去分词dispersed 现在分词dispersing ]Simple Questions1.How many provinces and territories is Canada composed of? What are they?Ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are Y ukon Territory, North west Territory, and Nunavut.2.What are the major mountains in Canada? Which peak is the highest in Canada?The major mountains in Canada are the Western Cordillera, the Appalachian Mountains and Torngat Mountains of northern Labrador. The highest peak is 洛根峰3.How many lakes are there in Canada? What are the major lakes in Canada?There may be as many as two million lakes in Canada. The major lakes are the Great Lake(Lake Michigan is not in Canada),Lake Superior and Lake Huron.4.How many geographical regions can Canada divided into? What are they?Canada is usually divided into six geographical regions: the Appalachian Mountains, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Canadian Shield, the Canadian Interior Plains, the Western Cordillera, and the Canadian Arctic.5.Where is the Canadian Shield? What are the features of the Canadian Shield?Canadian Shield is located in the west of Nunavut Territory and in the north of Ontario and Quebec.The region is the biggest and the most distinctive natural and geographical region in Canada, and occupies an area of 3.6 million sq km, accounting for 36 per cent of the area of the whole country.6.What are the climatic conditions in different regions of Canada?Canada is a country of vast coastlines and diverse weather. The country is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.Frozen more than half of the year, Hudson Bay greatly influences eastern Canada’s climate, facilitating the southward penetration of cold arctic air. The Gulf Stream makes the southeast of Canada warmer, but its effects are limited. The icy Labrador Current dramatically reduces the temperature in the northeast of the country. The summer months warm the Prairie Provinces in the West. Cities along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts such as Halifax and V ancouver have mild climates similar to Boston or Seattle.7.Where are the major urban centers in Canada? Which city is the largest?In the southern parts of Ontario and Quebec. Toronto is the largest city.8.Where are the regions where the French Canadians or the British Canadiansconcentrate respectively?Montreal and Quebec9.What are the major Indigenous groups in Canada?The Inuit and the Indians10.What are the major groups of immigrants in Canada?Refugees fleeing political persecution, family members of Canadian citizens and independent immigrants.Unit Two HistoryWords and expressions1.intrigue[in'tri:ɡ; 'in-] n. 1.阴谋，诡计；密谋，策划2.私通2.tragic['trædʒik] adj. 悲剧的；悲痛的，不幸的比较级more tragic 最高级most tragic ]3.occurrence[ə'kə:rəns, -'kʌ-] n. 发生；出现；事件；发现4.abound[ə'baund] vi. 富于；充满5.unveiling[,ʌn'veiliŋ] adj. 揭幕的n. 除去遮盖物；公开；揭幕式除去面纱（unveil的ing形式）6.forge[fɔ:dʒ] n. 熔炉，锻铁炉；铁工厂vi. 伪造；做锻工vt. 伪造；锻造[ 过去分词forged 现在分词forging ]7.temporary['tempərəri] adj. 暂时的，临时的n. 临时工，临时雇员[复数temporaries ]8.derive[di'raiv] vt. 源于；得自vi. 起源[过去式derived 过去分词derived 现在分词deriving ]9.stormy['stɔ:mi] adj. 暴风雨的；猛烈的；暴躁的[比较级stormier 最高级stormiest ]10.dedication[,dedi'keiʃən] n. 奉献；献身11.raid[reid] n. 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫vi. 对…进行突然袭击vt. 袭击，突袭12.outnumber[,aut'nʌmbə] vt. 数目超过；比…多13.fortress['fɔ:tris] n. 堡垒；要塞vt. 筑要塞；以要塞防守[复数fortresses ]14.cede[si:d] vt. 放弃；割让（领土）[过去式ceded 过去分词ceded 现在分词ceding ]15.revolt[ri'vəult, -'vɔ:lt] vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶vt. 使反感；使恶心n. 反抗；叛乱；反感16.lieutenant-governor副督17.executive[iɡ'zekjutiv] adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员18.legislative['ledʒislətiv] adj. 立法的；有立法权的n. 立法权；立法机构19.assembly[ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合[复数assemblies ]20.rebellion[ri'beljən] n. 叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从21.opponent[ə'pəunənt] n. 对手；反对者；敌手adj. 对立的；敌对的itia[mi'liʃə] n. 民兵组织；自卫队；义勇军；国民军23.veto['vi:təu] n. 否决权vt. 否决；禁止vi. 否决；禁止[复数vetoes 过去式vetoed 过去分词vetoed 现在分词vetoing ]24. federalism ['fedərəlizəm] n. 联邦制；联邦主义25.coalition[,kəuə'liʃən] n. 联合；结合，合并26.implement['implimənt, 'impliment] vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n. 工具，器具；手段27.nominate['nɔmineit, 'nɔminət, -neit] vt. 推荐；提名；任命；指定[过去式nominated 过去分词nominated 现在分词nominating ]28.federation['fedəreiʃən] n. 联合；联邦；联盟；联邦政府29.financier[fai'nænsiə] vi. 欺骗；从事欺骗性金融活动vt. 对…提供资金n. 金融家；投资家30.regime[rei'ʒi:m; ri-; ri'dʒi:m] n. 1.政体；政权；统治方式2.社会制度；体制3.当政时期，政权的持续时间；统治时期4.常规强化训练31.assurance[ə'ʃuərəns] n. 保证；保险；确信；断言32.cluster['klʌstə] n. 群；簇；丛；串vi. 群聚；丛生vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围33.sovereignty['sɔvrənti, 'sʌv-] n. 主权；主权国家；君主；独立国[复数sovereignties ]34.concession[kən'seʃən] n. 让步；特许（权）；承认；退位35.tariff['tærif] n. 1.关税表；税表；(进口商品)征税制度2.关税；关税率3.收费表；价目表4.[美国口语]账单；费用5.[主英国英语](写有价目的)菜单vt. 1.对…征收关税；为…定税率2.按税率为…定收费标准36.recruit[ri'kru:t] n. 招聘；新兵；新成员vt. 补充；聘用；征募；使…恢复健康vi. 复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康37.casualty['kæʒjuəlti] n. 意外事故；伤亡人员；急诊室[复数casualties ]38.ammunition[,æmju'niʃən] n. 弹药；军火vt. 装弹药于vi. 装弹药39.reliance[ri'laiəns] n. 信赖；信心；受信赖的人或物40.herald['herəld] n. 先驱；传令官；报信者vt. 通报；预示…的来临41.subordinate[sə'bɔ:dinət, -neit, sə'bɔ:dineit] n. 下属，下级；部属，属下adj. 从属的；次要的vt. 使……居下位；使……服从[过去式subordinated 过去分词subordinated 现在分词subordinating ]42.allegiance[ə'li:dʒəns] n. 效忠，忠诚；忠贞43.bondage['bɔndidʒ] n. 奴役，束缚；奴役身份44.submarine['sʌbməri:n, ,sʌbmə'ri:n] n. 潜水艇；海底生物adj. 海底的；水下的vt. 用潜水艇攻击vi. 在下疾行；在下滑动[过去式submarined 过去分词submarined 现在分词submarining ]45.aircrew['εəkru:] n. 全体机组人员46.defence[di'fens] n. 防御；防卫；答辩；防卫设备47.referendum[,refə'rendəm] n. 公民投票权；外交官请示书[复数referendums或referenda ]48.postwar['pəust'wɔ:] adj. 战后的n. 战后时期adv. 战后；在战后49.maple-leaf槭树叶50.constitutional[,kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] adj. 宪法的；本质的；体质上的；保健的n. 保健散步；保健运动51.agitation[,ædʒi'teiʃən] n. 激动；搅动；煽动；烦乱52.allege[ə'ledʒ] vt. 宣称，断言；提出…作为理由[过去式alleged 过去分词alleged 现在分词alleging53.separatist['sepərətist] n.1.分离主义者，独立主义者(尤指宗教或政治上的分离主义者)2.[S-](英国16～17世纪)脱离国教者adj.分离主义者的，独立主义者的；分离主义者的，独立主义者的54.liberty['libəti] n.1.(不受专横统治的)自由；(政治上的)独立2.(不受束缚、奴役或监禁的)自由；释放，解放3.权利[亦作civil liberties, political liberty]4.自由活动的范围5.自由活动于某地(或使用某地)的权利6.(海员、水兵等的)上岸许可时间7.[常用复数]冒昧；失礼；放肆；越轨；过于亲昵的言行8.特权(如自治权、选举权、参政权等)，特许9.(硬币上的)自由女神像10.[亦作复数][英国英语]特许区域；特别行政区11.【哲学】意志自由55.ratify['rætifai] vt. 批准；认可；签署生效：56.secession[si'seʃən] n. 脱离；分离57.eliminate[i'limineit] vt. 消除；排除[过去式eliminated 过去分词eliminated 现在分词eliminating ]58.deficit['defisit] n. 赤字；不足额59.scandal['skændəl] n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤[过去式scandalled或scandaled 过去分词scandalled或scandaled 现在分词scandalling或scandaling ]60.tremendouslyadj.1.巨大的，极大的2.可怕的；望而生畏的；令人恐惧的3.[口语]绝妙的，了不起的，惊人的61.invasion[in'veiʒən] n. 入侵，侵略；侵袭；侵犯62.garrison['ɡærisən] n. 要塞；卫戍部队vt. 驻防；守卫Simple Questions1.Who were the first inhabitants in Canada? What is the meaning of the name “Kanata”?The first inhabitants are believed to have come to Canada from Asia about 12,000 years ago.“Kanata” means a village or settlement.2.Which country first established colonies in Canada? When and where was the colonyestablished?Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which established the province of Quebec out of the inhabited portion of New France located in the lower St. Lawrence V alley.3.How did the Seven Y ears’ War break out? What was the result of the war?During 1756-1763, the fortress of Quebec had previously withstood attacks, but this time, the British army was victorious in a brief battle outside the walls of Quebec in 1759.The result was France officially ceded New France to Britain.4.What is the significance of the Quebec Act (1774), the Constitution Act of 1791, and theBritish North America Act?○1In 1774, the British passed a law (the Quebec Act) that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.○2The Constitution Act of 1791 gave each of Canada’s provinces a lieutenant-governor, an executive council, a legislative council, and a legislative assembly. Only the assembly was elected by the people.○3The colonial delegates made some small changes to the resolutions and the result was the British North America Act, which was passed by the British Parliament.5.How is a responsible government defined?Upper Canada and lower Canada be united, and that they be given a system of government that they be given a system of government that would give more power to the elected members of the Assembly.6.What were the effects of the Gold Rush?The Gold Rush produced some beneficial effect. As miners swarmed into western Canada from the United States and other parts of the world, the unpopulated prairie lands were furtherexplored and cultivated. Another favorable outcome was that Gold Rush led to the discovery of other minerals in the Canadian wilds.7.When and how did Canada become an independent country?Rt. Hon. Vincent Massey became the first native-born Canadian Governor General when he was sworn into office in 1952. With the formal dedication by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱand President Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States, the St. Lawrence Seaway was opened in 1959.8.How did the Separatist Movement in Quebec proceed?Unit Three EconomyWords and expressions1.surplus['sə:plʌs, -pləs] n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩adj. 剩余的；过剩的[复数surpluses ]2.hewer['hju:ə] n. 煤矿工；砍伐者3.endow[in'dau] vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有4.arable land耕地；可耕土地5.timber['timbə] n.1.木材，木料2.(盖房、造船等用的)木料；横木；栋木，横梁[美国英语亦作lumber]3.[总称]树木；树林，森林4.(人的)性格；素质；才能，才干5.【船舶学】肋材；肋骨；船材；船骨6.[英国英语]【狩猎】(猎狐时用的)木栅栏vt.1.用木材作骨架；以木材支撑2.以林木覆盖adj.木材的；木制的interj.(伐木工在树木倒下前的呼喊声)顺山倒啦!6.extract[ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt] vt. 提取；取出；摘录；榨取n. 汁；摘录；榨出物；选粹7.exploit['eksplɔit, ik's-] vt. 开发，开拓；剥削；开采n. 勋绩；功绩8.nickel['nikəl] n. 镍；镍币；五分镍币vt. 镀镍于[过去式nickelled 过去分词nickelling或nickeled 现在分词nickeling ]9.asbesto n. 石棉；防火布9.potassium[pə'tæsjəm] n. [化学] 钾10.zinc[ziŋk] vt. 镀锌于…；涂锌于…；用锌处理n. 锌[过去式zincked或zinced 过去分词zincked或zinced 现在分词zincking或zincing ]11.uranium[ju'reiniəm] n. [化学] 铀12.cod[kɔd] n. [鱼] 鳕鱼；愚弄；哄骗vi. 欺骗；愚弄vt. 愚弄；欺骗[复数cod或cods ]13.deteriorate[di'tiəriəreit] vi. 恶化，变坏vt. 恶化[过去式deteriorated 过去分词deteriorated 现在分词deteriorating ]14.receipt[ri'si:t] n. 收到；收据；收入vt. 收到15.barley['bɑ:li] 1.【植物】大麦(Hordeum vulgare) 2.大麦粒16.maize[meiz] adj. 黄色的，玉米色的n. 玉米；黄色，玉米色17.tobacco[tə'bækəu] n. 烟草，烟叶；烟草制品；抽烟[复数tobaccos或tobaccoes ]18.soybean['sɔibi:n] n. 大豆；黄豆19.livestock['laivstɔk] n. 牲畜；家畜20.poultry['pəultri] n. 家禽21.syrup['sirəp, 'sə:-] n. 糖浆，果汁；含药糖浆22.pulp[pʌlp] n.1.浆；糊状2.果子的柔软多汁部分；果肉3.(植物的)髓，(植物的)肉质部分4.牙髓5.浆状物；纸浆6.矿浆；矿粉7.[美国英语]低级杂志，印刷很坏的低级趣味杂志[参较slick]8.稠白铅团vt.1.使捣成浆状：to pulp grapes把葡萄捣烂2.把…捣成纸浆：to pulp old books把旧书制成纸浆3.除去(咖啡豆等的)果肉vi.变成浆状23.coniferous[kəu'nifərəs] adj. 结球果的；松柏科的24.herring['heriŋ] n. 鲱（又称青鱼）[复数herrings或herring ]25.lobster['lɔbstə] n. 龙虾[复数lobster ]26.scallop['skɔləp, 'skæ-] n. 扇贝，干贝vt. 使成扇形vi. 拾扇贝27.halibut['hælibət] n. [鱼] 大比目鱼（复数halibut）[复数halibuts或halibut ]28.intrusion[in'tru:ʒən] n. 侵入；闯入29.potash['pɔtæʃ] n. [无化] 碳酸钾；草碱；苛性钾；钾化合物30.cadmium['kædmiəm] n. [化学] 镉（元素符号Cd）31.platinum['plætinəm] n. [化学] 铂；白金；唱片集达100万张的销售量；银灰色adj. 唱片集已售出100万张的32.gypsum['dʒipsəm] vt. 用石膏处理；施石膏肥料于n. 石膏；石膏肥料33.cobalt[kəu'bɔ:lt] n. 【化学】钴(元素符号Co)34.titanium[tai'teiniəm, ti-] n. [化学] 钛（金属元素）35.molybdenum[mɔ'libdinəm] n. [化学] 钼（金属元素，符号Mo，原子序号42）36.crude[kru:d] adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的n. 原油；天然的物质[比较级cruder 最高级crudest ]crude oil [化]原油crude protein 粗蛋白；天然蛋白质crude drug 天然药heavy crude 重质原油crude fat 粗脂肪crude fiber 粗纤维crude steel 粗钢；原钢；粗铁sour crude 含硫原油；酸性原油light crude 轻质原油crude production 原油的开采；半成品crude extract n. 粗提物，粗抽提物；粗提取液crude benzol [化]粗苯crude product 粗制品crude petroleum 原油sour crude oil 酸性原油，含硫原油sweet crude 低硫原油crude gas 原煤气；不纯煤气benchmark crude 标准原油crude phenol n. 粗酚adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的rough , native , robust , raw , coarse37.kilowatt['kiləuwɔt] n. [电] 千瓦（功率单位）38.revenue['revənju:, -nu:] n. 税收，国家的收入；收益39.monetary ['mʌnitəri] adj.1.【经济学】货币的，金融的2.金钱的，用货币的40.high-tech['hai'tek] adj. 高科技的，高技术的；仿真技术的n. 高科技41.service trade服务业；劳务贸易42.foreign-owned foreign-owned enterprise 外资企业foreign-owned company 外国公司foreign-owned bank 外资银行43.susceptible[sə'septəbl] adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的n. 易得病的人[比较级more susceptible 最高级most susceptible ]Simple Questions1.What major natural resources are found in each province and territory of Canada?Forest resources and mineral reserves2.Where are the major agricultural regions in Canada?Farms in Canada mainly concentrate in two areas: one is the southern part of the three Prairie Provinces and the other is the plain area along the St. Lawrence River and to the east of the Great Lakes region.3.Why is forestry so important to the Canadian economy?The industry accounted for 3 per cent of Canada’s GDP in 2003 and 11 per cent of goods exported.4.What are the regions where fishery is highly developed? What kinds of fish doCanadians catch in different regions?Fishing fields in Canada mainly spread in four regions: eastern coast, western coast, the Hudson Bay, inland rivers and Lakes.Cod, herring, crab, lobster and scallops have been the most important varieties of fish caught off the Atlantic Coast and halibut and salmon off the Pacific Coast.5.Why is the Canadian fur industry so important?The fur industry is one of the earliest industries developed in Canada.6.What are the major mineral resources in Canada?Uranium, zinc, potash, nickel, elemental sulfur, asbestos, cadmium, platinum gypsum, copper, lead, cobalt, titanium and molybdenum.7.In which regions are there huge reserves of oil and natural gas in Canada?Alberta8.What are the regions where manufacturing is most developed in Canada?Ontario9.How important is tourism to the Canadian economy?As the seventh largest tourist economy in the world, Canada attracts more than 40 million tourists from all over the world annually.10.What is the Canadian foreign trade pattern? Who are the major trading partners ofCanada?The United StatesUnit four Political InstitutionsWords and expressions1.federation ['fedəreiʃən]n. 联合；联邦；联盟；联邦政府2.territorial [,teri'tɔ:riəl] adj. 领土的；区域的；土地的；地方的n. 地方自卫队士兵3.autonomy [ɔ:'tɔnəmi] n. 自治，自治权[复数autonomies ]4.parliamentary [pɑ:lə'mentəri] adj. 议会的；国会的；议会制度的5.constitutional [,kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] adj. 宪法的；本质的；体质上的；保健的n. 保健散步；保健运动6.monarchy ['mɔnəki] n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治[复数monarchies ]7.executive [iɡ'zekjutiv] adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员8.legislative ['ledʒislətiv] adj. 立法的；有立法权的n. 立法权；立法机构9.judic ial [dʒu:'diʃəl] adj. 公正的，明断的；法庭的；审判上的10.amendment [ə'mendmənt] n. 修正案；改善；改正11.stipulate ['stipjuleit] vi. 规定；保证vt. 规定；保证adj. 有托叶的[过去式stipulated 过去分词stipulated 现在分词lating ]12.jurisdiction [,dʒuəris'dikʃən] n. 司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限，权力13.copyright ['kɔpi,rait] n. 版权，著作权adj. 版权的；受版权保护的vt. 保护版权；为…取得版权14.indigenous [in'didʒinəs] adj. 本土的；土著的；国产的；固有的merce ['kɔmə:s] n. 贸易，商业[过去式commerced 过去分词commerced 现在分词commercing ] 16.concurrent [kən'kʌrənt] adj. 并发的；一致的；同时发生的n. [数] 共点；同时发生的事件17.imitation [,imi'teiʃən] n. 模仿，仿造；仿制品adj. 人造的，仿制的18.sovereignty ['sɔvrənti, 'sʌv-] n. 主权；主权国家；君主；独立国[复数sovereignties ]19.enforceable [in'fɔ:səbl] adj. 可实施的；可强行的；可强迫的20.resentment [ri'zentmənt] n. 愤恨，怨恨21.NEW FOUNDLAND TIME ZONE 纽芬兰时区22.separatist ['sepərətist] n. 分离主义者；独立派adj. 分离主义者的23.legitimacy [li'dʒitiməsi] n. 合法；合理；正统24.judic iary [dʒu:'diʃiəri] n. 司法部；法官；司法制度adj. 司法的；法官的；法院的[复数judiciaries ]25.interpreter [in'tə:pritə] n. 解释者；口译者；注释器26.misconduct[,mis'kɔndʌkt, ,miskən'dʌkt] n. 不端行为；处理不当vt. 处理不当；行为不检27.senator['senətə] n. 参议员；（古罗马的）元老院议员；评议员，理事28.umpire['ʌmpaiə] vi. 当裁判，任裁判vt. 仲裁，裁判n. 裁判员，仲裁人[过去式umpired 过去分词umpired 现在分词umpiring ]29.allocation[,æləu'keiʃən] n. 分配，配置；安置30.appointee[ə,pɔin'ti:] n. 被任命者31.pledge[pledʒ] n. 保证，誓言；抵押；抵押品，典当物vt. 保证，许诺；用……抵押；举杯祝……健康[过去式pledged 过去分词pledged 现在分词pledging ]32.fiscal responsibility33.involvement[in'vɔlvmənt] n. 牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难34.likewise['laikwaiz] adv. 同样地；也35.right-wing['raitwiŋ] adj. 右翼的；右派的36.breakaway['breikə,wei] n. 分离；脱逃37.dissolve[di'zɔlv] vt. 使溶解；使分解；使液化vi. 溶解；解散；消失n. 叠化画面；画面的溶暗[过去式dissolved 过去分词dissolved 现在分词dissolving ]38.constituency[kən'stitjuənsi] n. （选区的）选民；支持者；（一批）顾客[复数constituencies ]39.equivalent[i'kwivələnt] adj. 等价的，相等的；同意义的n. 等价物，相等物Simple Questions1.What are the components of the present Canadian Constitution?The most important components include the British North America Act of 1867, the constitutional amendments passed from 1867 to 1975 and the Constitution of 1982.2.What is the function of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?The Charter guarantees fundamental freedoms to citizens, such as freedom of belief and freedom of the press. Additionally, it also guarantees the right to vote and seek election, to enjoy security of person and to combat discrimination.3.What roles does the Governor General of Canada play?At one time, the Governor General controlled the government in Canada, but today, he or she has very little power except in very unusual cases.4.What is the Canadian Parliament composed of?The Governor General, an elected House of Commons and an appointed Senate5.How does the Senate in Canada function?The Senate seldom opposes the wishes of the House of Commons. The Senate can delay the passage of a bill or suggest changes.6.How is Cabinet solidarity defined in Canada?The principle that all Cabinet ministers are expected to defend all decisions7.What are the major political parties in Canada?The Progressive Conservative, the Liberals and the New Democratic Party8.How is one party rule defined?One major party usually can win many elections and dominate Canadian politics for so long that it becomes the main ruling party.9.How is a first-past-the-post system defined?The candidate with the largest number of votes is declared the winner.10.How is the Canadian Prime Minister elected?When there are two or more opposition parties, it may well be the case that more voters actually vote against than for the successful candidate. However, since the successful candidate has received the greatest number of votes he or she is declared the winner. The winner of each constituency obtains a seat in the House of Commons. The party that has the largest number of seats forms the government.Unit Five Social and Cultural LifeWords and expressions1.reputation[,repju'teiʃən] n. 名声，名誉；声望2.ecological[,i:kə'lɔdʒikəl, ,ekə-,-'lɔdʒik] adj. 生态的，生态学的3.multicultural[,mʌlti'kʌltʃərəl adj. 多种文化的；融合或具有多种文化的4.bilingual[bai'liŋɡwəl] adj. 双语的n. 通两种语言的人5.heritage['heritidʒ] n. 遗产；传统；继承物；继承权6.insecurity[,insi'kjuərəti] n. 不安全；不牢靠；无把握；心神不定[复数insecurities ]7.embed[im'bed] vt. 栽种；使嵌入，使插入；使深留脑中[过去式embedded 过去分词embedded 现在分词embedding ]8.pension['penʃən] n. 退休金，抚恤金；津贴；膳宿费vt. 发给养老金或抚恤金pension fund 养老基金；退休基金pension insurance 养老保险pension plan 公积金计划；退休金办法；养老计划old-age pension 养老金；退休金pension scheme 退休金计划retirement pension 退休金，养老金old age pension 养老金；退休金supplementary pension 企业年金；辅助退休金n. 退休金，[劳经]抚恤金；津贴；膳宿费retirement pay , subsidy9.maternity[mə'tə:niti] n. 母性，母道；[妇产] 妇产科医院adj. 产科的；产妇的，孕妇的[复数maternities ]10.retirement[ri'taiəmənt] n. 退休，退役11.automatic[,ɔ:tə'mætik adj. 自动的；无意识的；必然的n. 自动机械；自动手枪[比较级more automatic 最高级most automatic ]12.entitlement[in'taitlmənt] n. 权利；津贴13.supplemental[,sʌpli'mentəl] adj. 补充的（等于supplementary）；追加的boratory[lə'bɔrətəri] n. 实验室，研究室[复数laboratories ]15.parliament['pɑ:ləmənt] n. 议会，国会16.criteria[krai'tiəriə] n. 标准，条件（criterion的复数）17.taxation[tæk'seiʃən] n. 课税，征税；税款18.dental['dentəl] adj. 牙科的；牙齿的，牙的n. 齿音19.prescription[pris'kripʃən] n.1.指令；指示2.命令；规定；法规3.药方；处方；处方的药4.旧习；惯例；传统5.解救方法；诀窍6.【法律】(根据传统或长期使用等而)要求权利；(由于长期使用等而)获得权利adj.1.按医生处方配制的2.按医生处方购买的[参较over-the-counter]3.(眼镜等)根据验光单磨制的20.portion['pɔ:ʃən, 'pəu-] n. 部分；一份；命运vt. 分配；给…嫁妆21.spiraling adj. 盘旋的；成螺旋形的v. 盘旋着上升或下降；成螺旋状旋转（spiral的ing形式）22.personnel[,pə:sə'nel] n. 人事部门；全体人员adj. 人员的；有关人事的23.surgery['sə:dʒəri] n. 外科；外科手术；手术室；诊疗室[复数surgeries ]24.vigilant['vidʒilənt] adj. 警惕的；警醒的；注意的；警戒的25.curriculum[kə'rikjuləm] n. 课程[复数curricula或lums ]26.regionalism['ri:dʒənəlizəm]n. 地方主义；地区性；地区特征；行政区域划分27.anglophones['æŋɡləufəun]n. 以英语为母语的人28.cherish['tʃeriʃ]vt. 珍爱；怀抱29.intrusion[in'tru:ʒən]n.1.侵入；闯入2.打扰；干涉；妨碍3.【法律】非法侵入他人土地，非法扣押(或占有)他人财产4.【地质学】侵入，侵入岩浆5.牧师未征得地区教徒同意而就任圣职30.aboriginal[,æbə'ridʒənəl]adj. 土著的；原始的n. 土著居民；土生生物31.implementation[,implimen'teiʃən] n. [计] 实现；履行；安装启用32.degrad33.hinder['hində]vi. 成为阻碍vt. 阻碍；打扰adj. 后面的34.tackle['tækl]n.1.装备；用具；器械；钓具2.滑车；复滑车；辘轳；起重装置3.／'teikl／【航海学】(船的)滑车索具；绞轳4.[美国英语]【橄榄球】(阻截对方抱球队员的)擒抱；抱摔；阻挡；抢夺5.【橄榄球】(后卫与端线区之间的)前锋；阻截球员6.【足球】1.断球；阻截铲球2.阻截球员35.sulfur['sʌlfə]vt. 用硫磺处理n. 硫磺；硫磺色36.nitrogen['naitrədʒən]n. [化学] 氮ration38.assimilate[ə'simileit]vt. 吸收；使同化；把…比作；使相似vi. 吸收；同化[过去式assimilated 过去分词assimilated 现在分词assimilating ] mission[kə'miʃən]n. 委员会；佣金；犯；委任；委任状vt. 委任；使服役；委托制作40.proclaim[prəu'kleim vt. 宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬41.version['və:ʃən]n. 版本；译文；倒转术42.discrimninatory adj. 有辨识力的；差别对待的43.critic['kritik]n. 批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人44.prejudice['predʒudis n. 偏见；侵害vt. 损害；使有偏见[过去式prejudiced 过去分词prejudiced 现在分词prejudicing ] 45.vitality[vai'tæləti] n. 活力，生气；生命力，生动性[复数vitalities ]46.pluralism['pluərəlizəm]n. 多元主义；多元论；兼任47.underlying[,ʌndə'laiiŋ]adj. 潜在的；根本的；在下面的；优先的v. 放在…的下面；为…的基础；优先于（underlie的ing形式）48.ungreasy49.entrail50.quintessentially[,kwinti'senʃəli]adv. 典型地；标准地51.tarmac surface跑道上表面52.curling['kə:liŋ]n. 头发的卷曲；卷缩；冰上溜石游戏v. 卷曲（curl的ing形式）53.offshoot['ɔfʃu:t, 'ɔ:-]n. 分支；支流；衍生物54.counterpart['kauntə,pɑ:t]n. 副本；配对物；极相似的人或物55.myriad['miriəd]n.1.无数2.无数的人(或物)3.[诗歌用语]万，一万adj.1.无数的；大量的2.各种各样的；形形色色的3.[诗歌用语]一万56.metropolitan[,metrə'pɔlitən]adj. 大都市的；大主教辖区的；宗主国的n. 大城市人；大主教；宗主国的公民57.agnostic[æɡ'nɔstik]n. 不可知论者adj. 不可知论的58.athesis59.secularization[,skjuərai'zeiʃən, -ri'z-]n. 世俗化；还俗；把教育与宗教分离60.transcendent[træn'sendənt]adj. 卓越的；超常的；出类拔萃的n. 卓越的人；超绝物61.trend [trend]n. 趋势，倾向；走向vi. 趋向，伸向vt. 使…趋向62.democracy[di'mɔkrəsi]n. 民主，民主主义；民主政治[复数democracies ]63.heritage['heritidʒ]n. 遗产；传统；继承物；继承权Simple Questions1.What are the chief forms of Canadian welfare service?Social welfare spending in Canada now embraces such things as pensions disability protection, unemployment insurance, child benefits, maternity welfare, subsidized housing and free medical care.2.What criteria should the health care system of each province meet according to theCanada Health Act?○1public administration ○2comprehensive benefits ○3university ○4portability3.Which government has the power to administer education in Canada?Through legislation, the provincial governments have the power to interfere, control or guide education in the respective areas of the province.4.What are the major universities in Canada?University of King’s College, McGill University, the University of Toronto, the University du。
英语国家概况-加拿大篇中英翻译
Part ThreeChapter 23Canada’s geography and history加拿大的地理特点：Canada’s geography features:1) 座落于美国的北部，仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国；lies to the north of the US; the world’s second largest country after Russia.2.地形十分复杂：东部山区沿海省份沿劳伦斯湾和大西洋形成不规则的海岸；西部，太平洋沿岸地区被南北走向的山脉分离，其中包括落基山脉；中部是一个大平原；it has an extremely varied topography:the east part is mountainous maritime provinces have an irregular coastline on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic;The west part,the Pacific border is separated from the rest of the country by mountain ranges from north to south including the Rockies; the central part is a vast plain.3.气候不甚宜人，大部分地区冬季既漫长又寒冷，积雪深厚；所以，大多数人都居住在南部边境地区the climate is unfavorable, much of Canada has long and cold winters with deep snow. So,a major part of the population lives along the southern border.4.最高峰是落根峰，主要的两大河流是马更些河与圣劳伦斯河。
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Understanding Canada Chapter 5 A General SurveyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Canada is made up of ten provinces and three territories.___2. China is slightly larger than Canada.___3. Canada became independent from the United Kingdom in 1867.___4. Ottawa is the largest city of Canada.___5. Christianity is Canada’s most popular religion.II. Multiple Choices6. Where is Canada situated?A. On the north of the United Kingdom. B．On the north of the United States. C．Bordering Russia on the west. D．Bordering South America on the south. 7. Who was Jacques Cartier?A．A British settler.B．A French explorer.C．A Canadian leader.D．The founder of Canada.8. When was "Canada" first used as an official country name?A．In 1791.B．In 1867.C．In 1534.D．In 1664.9. What does the national shield of Canada reflect?A．A combination of British and French cultures.B．A combination of British and Canadian cultures.C．A combination of French and Canadian cultures.D. A combination of British, French, and Canadian cultures.10. What day is the national day of Canada?A. July 4th.B. July 14th.C. July 1st.D. July 10th.III. Gap-filling11. The total area of Canada is ________ square kilometers.12. The population of Canada is______million.13. The capital city of Canada is _______.14. The national languages of Canada are_____ and _____.15. The Canadian currency is ______.IV. Terms Explanation16. Canadian official currency17. The National Flag of Canada18. Canada, O, Canada19. Canada Day20. The National Emblems of Canada Chapter 6 Geography & HistoryI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Canada has the world's longest coastline.___2. Niagara Falls is the highest waterfall in Canada.___3. The French dominated Canada until the 20th century.___4. Canada was involved in both of the World Wars.___5.Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949.II. Multiple Choices6. Which of the Great Lakes is not within Canada but wholly belongs to the USA?A. Lake Huron.B. Lake Michigan.C. Lake Superior.D. Lake Erie.7. The largest city and chief port of British Columbia is _____.A. VancouverB. St. JohnC. VictoriaD. Regina8. _____ describes itself as “The Gateway to the North”.A. CalcaryB. SaskatoonC. EdmontonD. Winnipeg9. How many provinces became a federation on July 1, 1867?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.10. When did Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations?A. In 1949B. In 1970C. In 1972D. In 1969III. Gap-filling11. The capital city of Quebec is _______.12. _____is the largest and newest territory of Canada.13. ______ is the second largest of Canada’s ten provinces in area and the largest in terms of population.14. ______ is known as the garden city of Canada.15. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris,_____ ceded almost all of its territory in North America in 1763.IV. Terms Explanation16. The Canadian Shield17. Mount Logan18. The Maritime Provinces19. The October Crisis (1970)20. Dominion of CanadaChapter 7 Politics & National Economy I．Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. The Governor General is the head of state of Canada.___2. The real law-making power is held by the House of Commons in Canada.___3. There are only two political parties in Canada: Conservatives and Liberals.___4. Agriculture is the mainstay of Canadian economy.___5. Canada exports energy to the United States.II. Multiple Choices6. The leader of the political party that wins the election becomes ____ of Canada.A. the PremierB. the Prime MinisterC. the PresidentD. the Head of State7. How many justices (judges) are there on the Supreme Court of Canada?A. 7.B. 8.C. 9.D. 10.8. The head of the provincial government is _____.A. the governorB. the lieutenant governorC. the provincial ministerD. the premier9. When did Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations?A. In 1949B. In 1970C. In 1972D. In 196910. Which province possesses Canada’s largest deposits of oil and natural gas?A. British ColumbiaB. ManitobaC. Alberta D) OntarioIII. Gap-filling11. Canada's Head of Government is _______12. _____ is the highest court in Canada.13. ______ is the first Canadian prime minister to pay an official visit to PRC.14. Farms in Canada are about equally divided between _____ and _____.15. ______ has the sole right to issue paper money for circulation in Canada.IV. Terms Explanation16. Canada’s political system17. The Governor General of Canada18. The Canadian Parliament19. VIA Rail Canada20. The Trans-Canada HighwayChapter 8 Society & CultureI．Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Canada is a culturally diverse country. ___2. Education policies and practices vary from province to province in Canada.___3. College level education is free toCanadian residents.___4. Three Canadian teams joined the National Basketball Association (NBA) of the US in the 1990s.___5. Montreal hosted Olympic Summer Games of 1976.II. Multiple Choices6. Canadians enjoy an advanced health care system that is universally available to _____.A. Canadian citizens only.B. landed immigrants only.C. Both A and B.D. People living in Canada.7. What are the two streams in Canada’s high school?A. Liberal arts and science.B. Academic and commercial.C. Professional and technical.D. Literature and arts.8. Anne of Green Gables is a world-famous children’s novel by L. M. Montgomery set in rural _____A. OntarioB. the Northwest territories.C. a Prairie provinceD. Prince Edward Island9. Michael Ondaatje, the author of The English Patient, was a(n) _____ before he settled down in Canada.A. IndianB. EnglishC. Sri LankanD. German10. What is Canada's oldest sport?A. Ice skating.B. Lacrosse.C. Ice hockey.D. Hockey.III. Gap-filling11. Canadians see _______as a defining characteristic of their national identity.12. About 45% of all Canadians are of ____ descent, and about 29% are of ____ ancestry.13. The French language universities are mainly found in the Province of ____.14. On July 20, 2005, Canada became the fourth country in the world to legalize ______nationwide15. ____sang “My Heart Will Go On” for Titanic.IV. Terms Explanation16. Winterlude17. Victoria Day18. Tertiary education19. The Contemporary Art Society20. Canada’s bilingual universities。