2022年中山大学英语语言文学考研真题和答案
2022年中山大学241英语二外考研真题和答案
2022年中山大学241英语二外考研真题和答案2022年中山大学《241英语（二外）》考研全套内容简介•中山大学外国语学院《241英语（二外）》历年考研真题及详解•全国名校二外英语考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，提供了答案及详解，并对常考知识点进行了归纳整理。
此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•李观仪《新编英语教程（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】•李观仪《新编英语教程（3）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容2003年中山大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ. Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. We have already purchased ____ to furnish our new house.A. many furnituresB. some furnitureC. several furnitureD. a few furnitures【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我们已经为新房子买了几件家具。
furniture为不可数名词，而some，several，a few都只能修饰可数名词，所以A、C、D错误。
some既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
(NEW)中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论历年考研真题及详解
目 录2010年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2010年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2011年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2011年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2012年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2012年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2013年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2013年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2014年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2014年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2015年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2015年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2016年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题2016年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题及详解2010年中山大学中国语言文学系612语言学概论考研真题一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1．以下不属于中国“小学”范畴的是（ ）。
A．文字B．音韵C．语法D．训诂2．下列说法正确的是（ ）。
A．词义的模糊性说明词义是具有社会性的。
B．多义词使用不当会产生歧义，如“门没有锁”。
C．“grass”本义是“玻璃”，派生义是“玻璃杯”，这是词义的隐喻扩展。
D．同义词在修辞上具有对比作用，可用来突出对立面。
3．方言形成的语言内部原因是（ ）。
A．语言变化的不平衡性。
B．形式和意义对应关系的复杂性。
C．语言符号的任意性D．语言变化的类推作用4．在[p]、[b]、[v]、[h]、[g]、[k]、[d]、[t]、[s]、[f]中，擦音有（ ）。
A．3个。
22年考研英语试题及答案
22年考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 阅读理解A节（共10分）阅读下列四篇文章，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Text 1The pandemic has made it clear that our world is more interconnected than ever. Global supply chains have been disrupted,and the reliance on a single country for critical goods has been exposed as a weakness. This has led to a renewed interest in reshoring, or bringing production back home. However, reshoring is not without its challenges. Companies must consider the costs, the availability of skilled labor, and the infrastructure needed to support these operations.21. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The pandemic has accelerated the trend of reshoring.B. The reliance on global supply chains is a strength.C. The challenges of reshoring are often overlooked.D. The world is becoming less interconnected.22. What is a potential challenge mentioned for reshoring?A. The cost of production.B. The demand for critical goods.C. The global reliance on a single country.D. The interconnectedness of the world.23. What does the author suggest about the future of production?A. It will remain in a single country.B. It will be distributed across multiple countries.C. It will be entirely automated.D. It will be limited to domestic markets.Text 2[文章内容省略]24. What can be inferred from the passage about the author's view on technology?A. It is a double-edged sword.B. It is the key to solving all problems.C. It is a threat to human jobs.D. It is essential for economic growth.25. According to the passage, what is the impact of technology on the job market?A. It creates more jobs than it eliminates.B. It leads to a significant loss of jobs.C. It has no significant impact.D. It varies depending on the industry.2. 阅读理解B节（共10分）阅读下列文章，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
中山大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2011,2013)【圣才出品】
11．中山大学语言学考研真题及参考答案（2011，2013）中山大学2013年语言学考研真题考试科目：语言学概论C（用英文考试）I. Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. (10 points)Example: find —/faind/, beneath —/bi'ni: θ/1. empirical2. plagiarize3. compound4. finite5. clause6. phonemics7. threatened8. epiphenomenon9. beta10. generic【答案】1. empirical — / /2. plagiarize —/ /3. compound —//4. finite — //5. clause — //6. phonemics — //7. threatened — //8. epiphenomenon — //9. beta — //10. generic — //II. Fill in the following blanks. (15 points)1. ______ means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.【答案】Displacement2. ______ are produced “by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction”.【答案】Consonants3. The systematic study of morpheme is a branch of linguistics called ______, which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.【答案】morphology4. Cohesiveness can be realized by employing various cohesive devices: conjunction, ellipsis, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, ______, substitution, etc. 【答案】reference5. American Structuralism is a branch of ______ linguistics that emerged in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.【答案】synchronic6. The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as ______.【答案】interlanguage7. ______ found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by metalinguistic negation, which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures cannot. 【答案】Horn8. The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of ______.【答案】compositionality9. During the whole 20th century, a great deal of efforts has been taken to treat the inquiry of linguistics as a ______ or autonomous pursuit of an independent science.【答案】monistic10. In cognitive terms, ______ is the use of elements of subject’s situatedness todesignate something in the scene.【答案】deixis11. According to ______ (1996), the speech presentation continuum may have thefollowing possibilities: direct speech, indirect speech, narrator’s representation of speech acts and narrator’s representation of speech.【答案】Short12. With the help of ______ linguistics, recently research has moved into the area ofexample-based machine translation. The method uses correct translation as a principal source of information for the creation of new ones.【答案】computational13. In the IPA chart, the sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.The consonants are then divided into pulmonic and ______ consonants.【答案】non-pulmonic14. According to Halliday, a clause is the simultaneous ______ of ideational,interpersonal, and textual meanings.【答案】realization15. According to systemic-functionalists and American functionalists, language isnot arbitrary at the ______ level.【答案】syntacticIII. Define the following terms. (50 points)1. recreational function【答案】The recreational function of language refers to the use of language for the sheer joy of using it, such as a baby’s babbling or a chanter’s chanting. To take one example, the well-known movie Liu San Jie features a scene of “dui ge” mostly for the sheer joy of playing on language.2. pharyngeal【答案】Pharyngeal sounds are made with the root of the tongue anf the walls of the pharynx. Arabic is a language which contains pharyngeal fricatives.3. loanshift【答案】It is a process in which the meaning of the words is borrowed, but the form of the words is native. E.g. bridge means 桥牌。
2022年考研外语考试真题及答案15
2022年考研外语考试真题及答案一、单项选择题每小题2分，共1题1、The ________ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.A.zephyrB.zodiacC.zymeD.zest2、It’s a ________ timetable. Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.A.haphazardB.odiousC.haughtyD.handicapped3、The poor man’s clothes were so ________ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.A.oozedB.raggedC.moppedD.mocked4、The actor amused the audience by ________ some well-known people.A.embroideringB.riggingC.yelpingD.mimicking5、No men was allowed to ________ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A.wadeB.invokeC.muffleD.infringe6、The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of ________.A.vagabondB.sabotageC.paradoxD.Tachyon7、The island is maintained as a ________ for endangered species.A.wetlandsB.sanctuaryC.mireD.heath8、The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as ________A.trophiesB.filletC.tulipD.clown9、If you ________ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A.adulterateB.moorC.vaccinateD.sue10、The orphanage is just one of her ________ causes.A.phoneticB.philanthropicC.prevalentD.lunatic11、Many animals display ________ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A.cerebralB.imperiousC.ruefulD.maternal12、The guests, having eaten until they were________, now listened inattentively to the speakers.A.contradictedB.satiatedC.gripedD.trespassed13、While she had the fever, she ________ for hours.A.ravedB.sniggeredC.titteredD.perforated14、If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will ________ you.A.scaleB.scaldC.shunD.shunt15、The mice ________ when the cat came.A.rambledB.lingeredC.saunteredD.scampered16、The chimney is no longer ________ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.A.giving awayB.giving offC.giving inD.giving up17、At three o’clock ________ a cold morning, he arrived here.A.inB.atC.onD.of18、I’m sure dirty, ________?A.am IB.aren’t IC.isn’t ID.am not I19、________, there is no place like home, wherever you go.A.It may be humbleB.As humble it may beC.Humble it may beD.Humble as it may be20、 But for his help, I _____.A.did not succeedB.had not succeededC.should not have succeededD.have not succeeded21、Try and calm yourself, ________ your mind will be easy again.A.andB.orC.whenD.before22、The price of the real estate in this area may ________ to unexpected values, so everyone should be conscious of the maximum price that he would want to pay for a particular property.A.staggerB.stinkC.soarD.suspend23、Contrary to popular belief, epidemics do not occur ________ after a natural disaster.A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneously24、Immigration from countries and cultures that are ________ with the cultural core of this nation has been generally prohibited.A.interiorB.invisibleC.incompatibleD.integral25、This course is designed to help children ________ such real life situations as separation and loss.A.cope withB.settle downC.intervene inD.interfere with26、Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a test of spoken English to ________ the original written examination.A.contaminateplimentplementD.coordinate27、Idlers, no matter how poor they are, are always ________ at finding reasons not to take action to improve their living conditions.A.intrinsicB.ingeniousC.initialD.inherent28、As the graduation is drawing near, every student began to ________ his future.pensateB.contemplateC.jeopardizeD.manifest29、Although the resistance groups do not show great military ________, they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.A.prowessB.prowlC.psalmD.psyche30、The Great ________ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25kilometers wide at its maximum.A.CanyonB.FordC.AbyssD.Quarry参考答案：【一、单项选择题】1~5BABDD6~10BBAAB11~30点击下载查看答案。
(NEW)中山大学外国语学院《638基础英语》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2004年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2005年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2006年中山大学外国语学院348基础英语考研真题及详解2007年中山大学外国语学院738基础英语考研真题及详解2008年中山大学外国语学院616基础英语考研真题及详解2009年中山大学外国语学院628基础英语考研真题及详解2010年中山大学外国语学院622基础英语考研真题及详解2011年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2012年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2013年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2014年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2015年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2016年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2017年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2018年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Reading (30%)Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group among shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave” has swept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical” concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies will have to be more honest and open in response to this mood.Mintel’s survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 percent in 1990 to around 60 percent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13 percent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44.Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of green spender among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, the image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society has virtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not “gone off the boil”. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.Mintel’s 1994 survey found that 13 percent of consumers are “very dark green”, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 percent are “dark green”, trying “as far as possible” to buy such products, and 21 percent are “pale green” tending to buy green products if they see them. Another 26 percent are “armchair greens”; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 percent say they do not care about green issues.Four in ten people are “ethical spenders”, buying goods which do not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of “armchair ethicals” has risen from 28 to 35 percent and only 22 percent say they are, unconcerned now, against 30 percent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first century, consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers.Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue—48 percent said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animals—followed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factor farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, suggesting that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer of the passage? In your answer booklet write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN for each statement.1. The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.2. Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying ‘green’.3. The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.4. Consumers’ green shopping habits are influenced by Mintel’s findings.5. Mintel has limited their investigation to professional and managerial groups.6. Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.【答案与解析】1. YES(文章通篇没有多提政治，除了第一段“politicians claims environmentalism is yesterday’s issue”，本文更多的是从消费者的角度来讨论这一问题的。
2022年考研英语试题及参考答案(1)
2022年考研英语试题及参考答案(1) Directions:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English.You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them.There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember,while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art.While you listen,fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice.You now have 25seconds to read thetable below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3Exhibition Space(m2)Question4Approximate number of visitors/year800,000Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 filmsPart BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can”t talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion,what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material.Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions11-13are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13.The talk suggests that,if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions14-16are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie.an American Indian poet.You now have15seconds to read Questions14-16.14.Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D.He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A.To follow his father.B.For an easy grade.C.To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18.What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience”s attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D.Select appropriate material.19.If you don”t start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A.Those interested in the power of persuasion.B.Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also needto give serious21to how they can be best22such changes.Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition.24they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the25that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers,28,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,29student artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult33visible in the background. In these activities,it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to36else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults mustaccept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A.capability B.responsibility C.proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCCC26-30 BDCAD31-35 BCBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following fore texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to handin the“great game“ of espionage-----spying as a“profession.“ These days the Net,which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan”s vocation as well. The last revolution isn”t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen”s e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying.The spooks call it“open source intelligence,“ and as the Net grows,it is becoming increasingly influential.in1995the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia)to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at .。
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（1）
2022年考研英语（一）完整版真题及答案解析（1）2023年的研究生招生考试将在今年的年底开始笔试考试，小伙伴们的英语科目复习进度进行的如何了呢？很多考生在复习过程中面对英语都是十分吃力，接下来小编就为大家带来2022年考研英语完整版真题及答案解析，快来看看吧！Section I Use of EnglishDirections： Read the following text. Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s；the term ＂plant neurobiology was_____（1）around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be_____（2）to intelligence in animals. _____（3）plants lack brains， the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that_____（4）consciousness， researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue，according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating， but it_____（5）so greatly from that of animals that so-called_____（6）of plants intelligence is inconclusive， the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006，some scientists have_____（7）that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters，_____（8）＂a plant nervous system，_____（9）to that in animals.＂ said lead study author Lincoln Taiz，＂They_____（10）claimed that plants have ＇brain-like command centers＇ at their root tips.＂This_____（11）makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain，_____（12）it to an array of electrical pulses；cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals._____（13）， the signaling in a plant is only_____（14）similar to the firing in a complex animal brain， which is more than ＂a mass of cells that communicate by electricity.＂ Taiz said.＂For consciousness to evolve， a brain with a threshold_____（15）of complexity and capacity is required，＂ he_____（16）＂Since plants don＇t have nervous systems， the_____（17）that they have consciousness are effectively zero.＂And what＇s so great about consciousness，anyway？Plants can＇t run away from_____（18）. So investing energy in a body system which_____（19）a threat and can feel pain would be a very_____（20）evolutionary strategy，according to the article.1.【题干】1._____.【选项】A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued【答案】A2.【题干】2._____.【选项】A.attributedB.directedparedD.confined【答案】C3.【题干】3._____.【选项】A.unlessB.whenC.onceD.though【答案】D4.【题干】4._____. 【选项】A.cope withB.consisted ofC.hinted atD.extended in 【答案】C5.【题干】5._____. 【选项】A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs【答案】D6.【题干】6._____. 【选项】A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation【答案】B7.【题干】7._____. 【选项】A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested8.【题干】8._____. 【选项】A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing【答案】B9.【题干】9._____. 【选项】A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive【答案】A10.【题干】10._____. 【选项】A.justB.everC.stillD.even【答案】D11.【题干】11._____. 【选项】A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand【答案】C12.【题干】12._____.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing【答案】D13.【题干】13._____. 【选项】A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise【答案】A14.【题干】14._____. 【选项】A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily【答案】C15.【题干】15._____. 【选项】A.listB.levelbelD.local【答案】B16.【题干】16._____. 【选项】A.recalledC.questionedD.added【答案】D17.【题干】17._____. 【选项】A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions 【答案】A18.【题干】18._____. 【选项】A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control【答案】A19.【题干】19._____. 【选项】A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes【答案】D20.【题干】20._____. 【选项】A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easy【答案】B考研考什么内容考研分为初试和复试，初试主要是笔试，科目有外语、政治、专业课和综合，不同专业的考试科目是不一样的；复试是笔试和面试相结合，其内容包括英语测试、专业课笔试和综合素质面试。
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2022年中山大学英语语言文学考研真题和答案2022年中山大学外国语学院《英语语言文学》考研全套内容简介•中山大学外国语学院《833英语语言文学》历年考研真题汇总（含部分答案）•全国名校英美文学考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，提供了答案及详解，并对常考知识点进行了归纳整理。
此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题详解•刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】•刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）网授精讲班展开视频列表•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）笔记和考研真题详解•胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】•常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）笔记和考研真题详解•常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】•常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）网授精讲班展开视频列表说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题1. Ch o m s ky p ro po se s th at th e co u r se o f l an gu age a cquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）【答案】innate查看答案【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。
2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communicati o n(e.g. to e x pre ss i de as, at ti tu de s) o r i n parti cu l a r social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Fun ctio n查看答案【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。
功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。
3. Hum an langu age is arbi trary. Thi s re fe rs to the f act th at th e re i s no l o gi cal o r i n tri n si c con ne cti on be twe en a particul ar so un d an d the _____i t i s asso ci ate d wi t h.（人大2007研）【答案】me aning查看答案【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
4. Som e sen ten ces do no t de scribe thin gs. The y canno t be said to be true o r f alse. Th e u tte ran ce o f th e se se n ten ce s i s o r is a part of th e doin g o f an acti on. T hey are called _____.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】pe rform ati ve查看答案【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
5. Ph o n e ti c s i s th e s tu d y o f_____so u n d s th a t th e h u m an vo i ce i s ca pab l e o f cre ati n g wh e re as p h o n o l o gy i s th e stu dy o f a su b se t o f th o se so u n ds th at co n sti tu te language and meaning.（北京邮电大学2015研）【答案】speech查看答案【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。
语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。
音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。
换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。
6. A prin ci p al distin ctio n be twe en mo rpho lo gy an d syn tax i s th a t th e f o rm e r i s co n ce rn e d wi th th e i n te rn al co m p o si ti o n o f a wo rd, wh e re a s th e l atte r i s c o n ce rn e d with _____ of words.（中山大学2017研）【答案】combin ations查看答案【解析】Morphol ogy is concerned with the internal orga ni zation of wo rds. It stu die s th e mi nim al un i ts of me a n i n g-m o rp h e m e s an d wo rd-f o rm ati o n pro ce ss e s.S yn t ax is th e stu dy o f the rule s go ve rnin g the ways diffe ren t co n sti tu en ts are co mbin ed to f o rm se n te n ce s i n a l a ngu age, o r the stu dy o f the i n terre l ation ship s be tween elements in sentence structu re.7. On e o f th e im p o rtan t di sti n cti o n s in l in gui sti cs i s _ ____ and performance.（人大2006研）【答案】compe te nce查看答案【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。
8. Wh en a wo rd app e ars i n a vari e ty of fo rm s de pe n d ing on i ts gram mati cal rol e in th e sen ten ce we say th at it undergoes _____.（中山大学2018研）【答案】inflectio n查看答案【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。
9. _____i s s ai d o f th e s tu dy o f de ve l o p m e n t o f l an gu age and languages over time.（北二外2016研）【答案】Di ach ronic查看答案【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。
语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。
语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的，共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的语言，描写语言的一个“状态”，不管正在发生哪些变化。
10. When ai r i s force d ou t o f the lun gs, i t causes the _____ _____ to vibrate.（中山大学2018研）【答案】vocal folds查看答案【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。
在大多数情况下，气流源自肺部，气流从肺中压出，引起声带的振动。
11. _____i s th e st u d y o f sp e e c h so u n d s th a t t h e h u m an voi ce i s capabl e of cre atin g wh ere as pho nol ogy i s th e stu dy o f a su bse t o f th o se so u n ds th a t co n sti tu te l an g u ag e a n d m e an i n g. T h e f i r s t f o cu se s o n ch ao s w hile the second focuses on order.（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】Phone tics查看答案【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。
语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。
音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。
换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。
12. Wh en l an guage i s u sed fo r e stabl i sh in g an at m o sp here o r maintai ning so ci al co ntact rathe r than exch ang ing info rm ation or ide as, its fun ction is _____ fu nction.（北二外2015研）【答案】ph atic查看答案【解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能。
寒暄功能是语言最基本的一项功能。
人们用寒暄语来营造一种气氛或保持社会联系而非交流信息。
人们使用寒暄语就是为了缓和谈话双方的关系，同时使谈话双方从心理上得到满足。
13.L a n g u a g e i s a f o r m o f h u m a n c o m m u n i c a t i o n b y means o f a sy stem of _____ pri ncipal ly transmi tte d by vocal sounds. （中山大学2017研）【答案】symbols查看答案【解析】Lan guage is a system o f arbitrary vocal symbol s used for human communicati on.14. Sy ntax i s th e study of how words com bine to make sen ten ce s. Th e orde r of wo rds in se ntence s vari es f r o m l an gu age to l an gu age. En glish l an gu age, f or i n stan ce, ge n e ral l y f o ll o ws a _____o rde r, as i n th e s e n te n ce“Th e do g (su bje ct) bi t (verb) the m an (obje ct).”（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】SVO查看答案【解析】本题考查英语句子的语序。