历年考研英语真题
2012考研英语（一）真题参考答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial。
Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be____ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the federal judiciary。
This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____ between the court and politics。
The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _____。
Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _____is inescapably political —which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust。
The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law。
1 A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize2 A whenB bestC beforeD unles3 A renderedB weakenedC establishedD eliminated4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5. A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD applies 8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9. A lineB barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A byB asC throughD towards 11.A soB sinceC providedD though 12. A serveB satisfyC upsetD replace 13. A confirm B expressC cultivateD offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapesD controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19. A accessibleB. amiableC agreeable D accountable20. A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a resultSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2 Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests。
Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's m ore, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。
考研英语一作文真题历年
考研英语一作文真题历年在考研英语一的备考中，作文是一个非常重要的部分。
考生需要通过作文来展示自己的英语写作能力，同时还需要借助历年的真题来熟悉考试的题型和要求。
下面将通过讨论历年的考研英语一作文真题来帮助考生更好地备考。
第一年：2010年真题2010年的考研英语一作文题目是关于大学生社会实践的话题。
题目要求考生针对以下问题进行讨论：大学生是否有必要参加社会实践，参加社会实践对大学生有何影响，以及大学生社会实践存在的问题和解决方法。
第二年：2011年真题2011年的考研英语一作文题目是关于文化交流的话题。
题目要求考生就现代社会中不同国家之间的文化交流进行讨论，要求考生探讨文化交流的益处和挑战，以及文化交流对个人和社会的影响。
第三年：2012年真题2012年的考研英语一作文题目是关于消费主义的话题。
题目要求考生对消费主义进行讨论，要求考生探讨消费主义的原因、影响以及对个人和社会的利弊。
第四年：2013年真题生对网络论坛进行讨论，要求考生探讨网络论坛的益处和问题，以及对个人和社会的影响。
第五年：2014年真题2014年的考研英语一作文题目是关于城市化的话题。
题目要求考生对城市化进行讨论，要求考生探讨城市化的原因、挑战和解决方法，以及对个人和社会的影响。
第六年：2015年真题2015年的考研英语一作文题目是关于心理健康的话题。
题目要求考生就维护心理健康的重要性进行讨论，要求考生探讨心理健康的影响因素、维护方法以及对个人和社会的意义。
第七年：2016年真题2016年的考研英语一作文题目是关于环境保护的话题。
题目要求考生对环境保护进行讨论，要求考生探讨环境问题的成因、解决方法以及对个人和社会的影响。
第八年：2017年真题2017年的考研英语一作文题目是关于社交网络的话题。
题目要求考生就社交网络的利与弊进行讨论，要求考生探讨社交网络对人际交往、学习和信息获取的影响，以及可能带来的问题和解决方法。
第九年：2018年真题媒体进行讨论，要求考生探讨媒体的功能、责任以及可能存在的问题和解决方法。
历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the followi ng text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at con sideri ng backgro und in formatio n whe n maki ng in dividual decisi ons. At first gla nce this might seem like a stre ngth that 1 the ability to make judgme nts which are un biased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Sim on soh n speculated that an in ability to con sider the bg 3 was leadi ng decisio n-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judged of appeari ng too soft_6 crime might be more likely to send some one to pris on 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8this idea, he tur ned to the uni versity-admissi ons process. In theory,_the 9 of an applica nt should not depe nd on the few others 10 ran domly for in terview duri ng the same day, but Dr Simon soh n suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA in terviews, 12 by 31 admissio ns officers. The in terviewers had 13 applica nts on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 nu merous factors in to con siderati on. The scores were 15 used in conj un cti on with an applica nt's score on the Graduate Man ageme nt Admissio n Test, or GMAT,a sta ndardised exam which is 16 out of 800 poin ts, to make a decisi on on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simon soh n found if the score of the previous can didate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the n ext applica nt would 18 by an average of 0.075 poin ts. This might sound small,but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a can didate would n eed 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2. [A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4. [A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5. [A] fo nd [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9. [A] decisi on [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] in spired [B]expressed [C] con ducted [D] secured13. [A] assig ned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arra nged14. [A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15. [A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] in troduced17. [A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection n Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.s globa Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today challenges includingclimate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41) Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicatehunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) ___ This is a sham—ethe community should be grasping the opportunity toraise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“ environmental changed ” or “ climate change ” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43) ___When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community ' s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44) this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today ' s econom climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45) That should create morecollaborative endeavors and help to developprojects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category forsocial-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,a “ still point of the turning world, ” to borrow a phrase from T. S.(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one relation to one ' s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “ liberated ” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we cansee biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should in elude the details you think n ecessary.You should write n eatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sig n your own n ame at the end of the e-ail. Use “ Li Ming ” in stead.Do not write the address. (10 poin ts)Part B: (20 poi nts)Part B52 Directi ons:Write an essay of about 16- 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should(1) describe the draw ing briefly,(2) in terpret its inten ded meaning, and(3) give your comme nts.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年考研英语真题答案Secti on I: Use of Engl ish (10 points)Part C (10 points)46巧"个人看到由无家可归之人所建的花园的胆片时*他会突然馆到、尽管这樂花园飙恪零样，它们仍反映「人们除r装怖以及创适杵表达之外的ftwx- 他基本需求Q47 ■方神荃的净上.不管它冇多么简陋•它都展人类必不可少的*它跟她穴截然不同*巣穴只是满足了动物的需求&48无家可归者的花园的确是无边町匚扎它是寄形于城吊中的一片即小存在也无从寻觅的花园.49. 人一H.失去了花园’没有f花草树木、大多会陷入補神萎靡的狀态’还常常以为是内心在作臬。
考研英语二历年真题及答案
考研英语二历年真题及答案近年来，越来越多的学子选择考研究生，其中英语科目是考研中的难关之一。
为了能更好地备考英语二，参考历年真题是非常必要的。
本文将为大家提供一些历年考研英语二真题及答案，并对每个题目进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考点。
第一部分：阅读理解文章一：根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
Passage 1In a few areas of the western United States, a pine tree called the “limber pine” is under attack. If the insects that are attacking it continue to spread, then this tall, slender, cone-bearing tree may become extinct. The destruction would be unfortunate, for the limber pine is a beautiful, hardy tree that has lived there in peace for hundreds of years.The enemies of the limber pine are the beetles called the “mountain pine beetles”. Adult mountain pine beetles lay eggs on the trunks of limber pines. The eggs hatch, and the baby beetles begin to feed on the inner layers of bark. As the baby beetles eat and grow, they dig long tunnels winding through the tree's trunk, leaving behind their jagged trails.Awarding-winning nature photographer Robert Fletcher spends hours wandering through these fascinating tunnels of the beetles. He carefully examin es the damage, maps the length of the tunnel and counts the eggs. “It is like walking through a giant nut looked inside a layer upon layer of peanutbutter”, he says. “Sometimes the infestation is so severe that the tree cannot defend itself and will die.”Mountain pine beetles cause the trunks of the pines to die, and the branches and needles turn reddish-brown, then gray. In fact, millions of trees have already succumbed to the attacks of these insects. The tree is dying by inches, similar to a person who has contracted some terrible disease.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The attack on the limber pine by beetles.B. An award-winning photographer.C. The death of a tree.D. Extinction.解析：文章主要讨论的话题是“攻击延硕山松的甲虫”，所以选项A 是正确答案。
历年全国考研英语真题
全国考研英语真题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)1. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ________, orbetter than an actual performance.[A] as good as[B] as good[C] good[D] good as2. My pain ________ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the firstman I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”[A] must be[B] had[C] must have been[D] had to be3. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book forme ________ she could remember who last borrowed it.[A] ever since[B] much as[C] even though[D] if only4. Observations were made ________ the children at the beginning and at theend of preschool and first grade.[A] towards[B] of[C] on[D] with5. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each________ one major point in contrast with the other.[A] makes[B] made[C] is to make[D] making6. A safety analysis ________ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately,it was never done.[A] would identify[B] will identify[C] would have identified[D] will have identified7. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half________.[A] of last year’s[B] those of last year’s[C] of those of last year's[D] t hat of last year’s8. For there ________ successful communication, there must be attentivenessand involvement in the discussion itself by all present.[A] is[B] to be[C] will be[D] being9. There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I readrecently ________ what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.[A] giving[B] gave[C] to give[D] given10. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ________going on in the world.[A] it is[B] as is[C] there is[D] what isPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)11. I’d rather you would go A by train, because I can’t bear Bthe idea ofyour being C in an airplane in such Dbad weather.12. It’s essential that people be A psychological Bable to resist the impactbrought about C by the transition from planned Deconomy to market economy.13. Some bosses dislike to allow A people to share Btheir responsibilities; theykeep all C important matters tightly Din their own hands.14. Each cigarette which a person smokes does A some B harm, and eventually you Cmay get a serious disease from its Deffect.15. On the whole A , ambitious students are much likely Bto succeed in theirstudies than are those C with Dlittle ambition.16. Despite A much research, there are still certain elements in Bthe life cycleof the insect that is C not fully understood D .17. In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and was honored Ain Germany untilthe rise B of Nazism then C he was driven from DGermany because he was a Jew.18. The data received A from the two spacecrafts B whirling around Mars indicate Cthat there is much evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring Daboutthe equator of the planet.19. Generally speaking, the bird flying across Aour path is observed, andthe one B staying on the tree near at hand Cis passed by without any noticetaking Dof it.20. Mercury’s velocity is so much A greater than the Earth’s Bthat it completesmore than four revolutions around the Sun in the time that Ctakes the Earthto complete one D .Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were ________.[A] hung up[B] hung back[C] cut down[D] cut off22. She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend ________ here sothat she could learn more about the city.[A] sometimes[B] some time[C] sometime[D] some times23. Ms. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be________ with everyone who comes to the store.[A] accepted[B] admitted[C] admired[D] acquainted24. He does not ________ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.[A] equal[B] match[C] qualify[D] fit25. Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been ________ the goalof a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.[A] pursuing[B] chasing[C] reaching[D] winning26. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ________ the speakersstopped for refreshments.[A] at large[B] at intervals[C] at ease[D] at random27. When travelling, you are advised to take travellers’ checks, which providea secure ________ to carrying your money in cash.[A] substitute[B] selection[C] preference[D] alternative28. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ________character.[A] gracious[B] suspicious[C] unique[D] particular29. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances nearit, and this ________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.[A] absorption[B] transition[C] consumption[D] interaction30. I didn’t say anything like that at all. You are purposely ________ my ideasto prove your point.[A] revising[B] contradicting[C] distorting[D] distracting31. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ________ of each otherin thought, but they are inseparable in fact.[A] indistinctly[B] separately[C] irrelevantly[D] independently32. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid foughthard to ________ her laughter.[A] hold back[B] hold on[C] hold out[D] hold up33. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ________attitude toward customers.[A] impartial[B] mild[C] hostile[D] opposing34. I ________ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of thisnew column.[A] express[B] confess[C] verify[D] acknowledge35. It is strictly ________ that access to confidential documents is deniedto all but a few.[A] secured[B] forbidden[C] regulated[D] determined36. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to bediscussed when the Congress is in ________ again next spring.[A] assembly[B] session[C] conference[D] convention37. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th________ the birth of Jesus Christ.[A] in accordance with[B] in terms of[C] in favor of[D] in honor of38. Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am ________ to carrying outthe plan.[A] obliged[B] committed[C] engaged[D] resolved39. It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ________as well as we had hoped.[A] came off[B] went off[C] brought out[D] made out40. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must________ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.[A] improve[B] enhanced[C] guarantee[D] gearSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked[A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 大41家 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 大42家 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 大43家 is missing a deficiencydisease becomes 大44家.Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements -- usuallycarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 大45家 nitrogen. They are different 大46家their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 大47家 one or more specific functions in the body.大48家 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 大49家 vitamins. Many people, 大50家, believe in beingon the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamin s. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.41. [A] either[B] so[C] nor[D] never42. [A] shifting[B] transferring[C] altering[D] transforming43. [A] any[B] some[C] anything[D] something44. [A] serious[B] apparent[C] severe[D] fatal45. [A] mostly[B] partially[C] sometimes[D] rarely46. [A] in that[B] so that[C] such that[D] except that47. [A] undertakes[B] holds[C] plays[D] performs48. [A] Supplying[B] Getting[C] Providing[D] Furnishing49. [A] exceptional[B] exceeding[C] excess[D] external50. [A] nevertheless[B] therefore[C] moreover[D] meanwhileSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abiliti es must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.51. What do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in thisworld, but what you get.”?[A] You’ll certainly get what you want.[B] It’s no use dreaming.[C] You should be dissatisfied with what you have.[D] It’s essential t o set a goal for yourself.52. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passageas ________.[A] an illustration of how to write an application for a job[B] an indication of how to secure a good job[C] a guideline for job description[D] a principle for job evaluation53. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself beforestarting to find a job because ________.[A] that is the first step to please the employer[B] that is the requirement of the employer[C] it enables him to know when to sell his services[D] it forces him to become clearly aware of himself54. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something ________.[A] definite to offer[B] imaginary to provide[C] practical to supply[D] desirable to presentText 2With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well as listen to it.And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s prog rammes and films for an annual license fee of ￡83 per household.It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years -- yet the BBC’s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC -- including ordinary listeners and viewers -- to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.Defenders of the Corporation -- of whom there are many -- are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.” The BBC “ain’t broke,” they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word ‘broke’, meaning having no mo ney), so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels – ITV and Channel 4 -- were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels -- funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions -- which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.55. The world famous BBC now faces ________.[A] the problem of new coverage[B] an uncertain prospect[C] inquiries by the general public[D] shrinkage of audience56. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is NOT mentioned asthe key issue?[A] Extension of its TV service to Far East.[B] Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.[C] Potentials for further international cooperations.[D] Its existence as a broadcasting organization.57. The BBC’s “royal charter” (Line 4, Paragraph 4) stands for ________.[A] the financial support from the royal family[B] the privileges granted by the Queen[C] a contract with the Queen[D] a unique relationship with the royal family58. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than________.[A] the emergence of commercial TV channels[B] the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government[C] the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs[D] the challenge of new satellite channelsText 3In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same timethe great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareh olders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.59. It’s true of the old family firms tha t ________.[A] they were spoiled by the younger generations[B] they failed for lack of individual initiative[C] they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies[D] they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in ________.[A] the separation of capital from management[B] the ownership of capital by managers[C] the emergence of capital and labour as two classes[D] the participation of shareholders in municipal business61. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that ________.[A] the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers[B] the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers[C] the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly[D] the trade unions seemed to play a positive role62. The author is most critical of ________.[A] family film owners[B] landowners[C] managers[D] shareholdersText 4What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America -- breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”When all these shaping forces -- schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking -- interacted with one another on the rich U.S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly butcompetitive striving for fame and excellence.63. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in earlyAmerica was in a large part due to ________.[A] elementary schools[B] enthusiastic workers[C] the attractive premium system[D] a special way of thinking64. It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early Americanmechanics ________.[A] benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge[B] shed light on disciplined school management[C] was brought about by privileged home training[D] owed a lot to the technological development65. A technologist can be compared to an artist because ________.[A] they are both winners of awards[B] they are both experts in spatial thinking[C] they both abandon verbal description[D] they both use various instruments66. The best title for this passage might be ________.[A] Inventive Mind[B] Effective Schooling[B] Ways of Thinking[D] Outpouring of InventionsText 5Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher’s p ipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.The first four chapters of Kitcher’s book give a very brief introduc tion to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does -- and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.67. “Creationism” in the passage refers to ________.[A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe[B] a notion of the creation of religion[C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation[D] the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe68. Kitcher’s b ook is intended to ________.[A] recommend the views of the evolutionists[B] expose the true features of creationists[C] curse bitterly at this opponents[D] launch a surprise attack on creationists69. From the passage we can infer that ________.[A] reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate[B] creationists do not base their argument on reasoning[C] evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists[D] creationism is supported by scientific findings70. This passage appears to be a digest of ________.[A] a book review[B] a scientific paper[C] a magazine feature[D] a newspaper editorialSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time,questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.Section V Writing76. Directions:[A] Title: GOOD HEALTH[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start withthe given opening sentence: “The desire for good health is universal.”[E] Your composition should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)OUTLINE:1. Importance of good health2. Ways to keep fit3. My own practices。
天外英语考研历年真题
天津外国语学院年攻读英语语言文学专业硕士学位研究生入学考试样题考试科目：基础英语+汉语（考试时间180分钟总分150分）I. Choose the one answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20points for 20 questions) The following are five sample questions.1.You talk about it as if it were a grammar school instead of a leading university.A.very largeB.very seriousC.very prestigiousD.very fundamental2.I attended the great poet’s prior lecture and was not about to miss his encore—even though I was quartered 110 miles north of the university.A.livedB.was separatedC.was informedD.was arrested3.At that moment Mr. Frost’s host materialized behind him to remind him of his schedule.A.appearedB.handed him somethingC.spokeD.told4. Companies will address this situation through methods like on-site counseling and the development of special programs.A.go to the spotB.rememberC.recordD.deal with5. I got out thanks to a college scholarship and because I was a little more articulate than the average.A.able to do addition effectivelyB.able to express one’s thoughts effectivelyC.able to write effectivelyD.able to initiate things effectivelyII. Read carefully the following passage(s) and then answer the questions. (20 points for 20questions). The following is a sample passage with five sample questions.Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘commonsense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .A. the use of machines to produce science fiction.B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D. the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work2. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .A. programs.B. experts.C. devices.D. creatures.3. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot thatcan .A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.B. interact with human beings verbally.C. have a little common sense.D. respond independently to a changing world.4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .A. make a few decisions for themselves.B. deal with some errors with human intervention.C. improve factory environments.D. cultivate human creativity.5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure.B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately.C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.D. best used in a controlled environment.III. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase to complete the following passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As a doctor who travels quite a lot, I spent a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I lave been called only once for a woman who had merely fainted. But the __1__ made me quite ___2__ how often this kind of thing happens. I wonder what I would do if confronted with a real midair emergency without access by a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with __3__.The study estimated that there are an average of thirty in-flight medical emergencies on US flights every day. Most of them are not __4__. __5__ 13% of them are serious enough to require the pilot to change course. The most common emergencies __6__ heart trouble, stroke and difficulty in breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitude are set roughly what they would be if you lived at 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. Most people can __7__ these pressures, but passengers with heart disease __8__ experience chest pain. Another problem is deep venous thrombosis—the so-called economic class syndrome. ___9_ happens, do not panic. Thanks to more recentlegislation, __10___ with just one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.IV. Paraphrase the underlined sentences. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)1.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for ouryoung people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to thebustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of Victorian socialstructure.2.For the great majority of automobile workers, the only meaning of the job is inthe pay check, not anything connected with the work or the product. Work appears as something unnatural, a disagreeable, meaningless and stultifying condition of getting the pay check, devoid of dignity as well as of importance.V．There are two sections in this part. For Section 1, you are asked to translate two of the three underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese. For Section 2, you are asked to translate the underlined five parts in the paragraph into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Section 1[1] It is as though some giant’s hand were squeezing the trunks of the trees, forcing the sap up and along the branches, for the blossom seems to squirt into the air.There have been other Mays in other years, but never has there been so much blossom. The bees are bewildered by it. A few small bush-apples which were as austere as walking sticks when I planted them only two months ago are now in full flower, and look like little girls just off to a carnival.Peach, cherry, plum and apple strain into the air;[2] all the trees in the orchard are out together, and for once, no clumsy wind has shorn or rain washed their frail, enameled, fine petals down into the lecherous hands of grass.[3] What flower is there as delicate as this flower that grows out of a gnarled old tree with its trunk all twisted and its bark all blistered? It is a paradox. Beauty is always a paradox.Vocabular yblister: a bump or swelling appearsenamel：a substance like glass that can be heated and put onto metal, glass or pottery in order to decorate or protect it.lecher: a man who is continually thinking about sexSection 2[1]西方文化以宗教为本，从希腊神话到拉美神话的叙事传统，[2]人界之外还有神界的深厚资源和广阔空间，魔幻的力量诱人至深，[3]今天风靡天下的《哈利·波特》和《星球大战》，更把这一传统在高科技的参与下发挥光大。
历年考研英语二真题及答案
考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we should move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically _1 , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very 3_ of money itself”， only to 4_ itself several years later. Why has the movement to cashless society been so 5_ in coming1. A moreover B however C therefore D otherwise2. A off B back C over D around3. A power B history C concept D sole4. A reverse B resist C resume D reward5. A silent B slow C sudden D steadySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读是考试中的重要部分，通过阅读理解题目，考生可以提升英语语言能力和考试答题能力。
下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，供各位考生参考。
一、真题一阅读理解题目：Passage 1Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.Vasily Grossman, a journalist and writer, was recognized only belatedly in the Soviet Union. But by the time of his death in 1964 his works could no longer be ignored or suppressed completely.Grossman was born in a Jewish family in 1905 in Berdichev (Ukraine) and after training for a career in civil engineering became a writer and journalist, first in Ukraine, then in Moscow. His first literary success was a volume of short stories (1934) and his first novel, Stalingrad (1952), established his reputation as a writer of remarkable talents. It is a fine example of the "Bread and Battles" type of fiction-- novels with a Central Russian war theme.Between the wars Grossman established himself as a newspaper reporter of the first rank. At the outbreak of the German invasion in 1941 he became a war reporter. His articles in the army newspaper Red Star had considerable effect. After the war he continued to write--describing, for example, the1943 Battle of Kursk in which a German advance was halted. These articles lead directly to the writing of Stalingrad.In 1959 his novel Life and Fate was finished, and when it became apparent that the manuscript would be suppressed by the authorities, Grossman gave copies to friends. A "textbook example of containment," the manuscript switched across the Iron Curtain and was first published in the West in 1980; in the Soviet Union only an abridged version was eventually published in 1988.Grossman's major themes are war and totalitarianism. He writes with great authority and humanity. In his later years he suffered from cruel persecution at the hands of the authorities and died a broken man.1. Vasily Grossman was initially recognized as a writer(A) during his lifetime(B) after his death(C) when his works were published in the West(D) after his works had been highly evaluated2. Grossman's first novel, Stalingrad, established his reputation by(A) describing a battle of the Second World War(B) criticizing the authorities' persecution(C) relating his post-war experience(D) criticizing totalitarianism3. Grossman's Life and Fate(A) was not praised as much as Stalingrad(B) was first published in the Soviet Union(C) was taken out of the Soviet Union in its entirety(D) was intended to show the effects of containment参考答案：1. A2. A3. C二、真题二阅读理解题目：Passage 2It is a common belief that emotions interfere with our reasoning abilities and lead to irrational decisions. However, recent studies have shown that emotions can actually be beneficial to the decision-making process.One study conducted by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio revealed that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain had difficulty making decisions, even though their intelligence was not affected. This study suggests that emotions play a crucial role in our ability to make choices.Another study conducted by psychologists Loewenstein and Lerner found that individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral. This suggests that emotions can provide valuable information that can aid in decision-making.Furthermore, research has shown that individuals who are able to understand and regulate their emotions have better decision-making skills. This is because emotional intelligence allows individuals to consider both their rational thoughts and emotional responses when making decisions.In conclusion, emotions are not always detrimental to decision-making. They can provide valuable information and aid in the decision-making process. Additionally, individuals who possess emotional intelligence have better decision-making skills overall.4. According to the passage, recent studies have shown that emotions(A) interfere with our reasoning abilities(B) lead to irrational decisions(C) play a crucial role in decision-making(D) have no impact on decision-making5. The study conducted by Antonio Damasio suggests that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain(A) have difficulty making decisions due to a lack of intelligence(B) have no emotional responses to aid in decision-making(C) are more likely to make irrational decisions(D) experience interference from their emotions when making decisions6. According to Loewenstein and Lerner's study, individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process(A) made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral(B) were more likely to make irrational decisions(C) had difficulty making decisions due to a lack of emotional responses(D) had no impact on their decision-making abilities参考答案：4. C5. A6. A根据上述两道真题及其答案，我们可以看到考研英语阅读理解题目通常包括一篇或多篇文章，每篇文章后面配有若干问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确的答案。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
历年考研英语真题及答案解析( 解密版)
[B] in which
[C] in order that
[D] in the way
13.He is ________ of an actor.
[A] anybody
[B] anyone
[C] somebody
[D] something
14.The captain apologized ________ to tell us more about the accident.
EXAMPLE:
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER: [A]
1.No doctors could cure the patient ________ his strange disease.
[A] right
[B] definite
[C] fixed
[D] final
6.We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always ________.
[A] unquestionable
[B] sound
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: Structure and Vocabulary
In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (15 points)
考研真题历年英语二阅读
考研真题历年英语二阅读考研真题历年英语二阅读1Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporledfor Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at goodnews. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at adecent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, butat least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that wastargely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who reportvoluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4,4 percent)above itsyear ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making animportant distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually wantfull-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. Anincrease in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labormarket and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making endsmeet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but thegeneraldirection has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higherthan before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its yearago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-timeemployment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department askspeople if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes."they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whetherthey worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work lessthan full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified asvoluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to workless than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of themain purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. Formany people, especially those with serious health conditions or family memberswith serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurancewas through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either getinsurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previouslyhave felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order tocover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a linkbetween employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven' t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare's trouble考研真题历年英语二阅读2Text 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economythe focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldommentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. Wehave not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contributeto economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. Itis hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project,so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps themost significant reason is that the issue has always been so politicallycharged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting listsincrease all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the governmentto help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and takesome steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.Thecommunities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor ofthe Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amountthat local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidenceshows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if thecap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rentalenvironment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registeredproviders to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would bewelcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ?4.5bnprogramme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2022年,isunlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announcedthat it will retai n a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns topower. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to everreturn to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changingclimate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40.The author believes that after 2022年,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector考研真题历年英语二阅读3Text 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, thecorporateworkplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part ofsenior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positionsremain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions onEurope corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boardsto maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandatewas born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President VivianeReding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign upfor gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appealwas considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporateLadder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like whatthe quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they breakthrough the glass ceiling,” according to R eding, a result seen in France andother countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top businesspositions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotaseither; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable.Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, itdoes look as if a fairer world must be temporarilyordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations inEurope as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women totop position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When womendo break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, SherylSandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention preciselybecause they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whetherCEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no morenewsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more justsociety.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”考研真题历年英语二阅读4Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful，provocative magazinecover story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anythingless than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather thanconcluding that children make parentseither happy or miserable，Senior suggestswe need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that canbe measured by moment-to-moment joy，we should consider being happy as apast-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids canbe soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the momentdampen our moods can later be sources of intensegratifica tion and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby ishardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are alsostories about newly adoptive – and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock，as well asthe usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week featuresat least one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonderthat admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you supportkitten-killing ? It doesn‘t seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets ofparents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked towonder if they shouldn’t have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are botheredwith the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes intheir lives.Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weeklyand People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are singlemothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents areless happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all. Noshock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner tolean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their “own”(read：with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children justbecause Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understandthat a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images wesee every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in somesmall，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actualexperience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel”might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child canbring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4，the message conveyed by celebrity magazinesis[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.。