2002年英语试题及答案
2002年考研英语(一)答案及解析
2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C OR D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the20th century and the diffusion of printing in the15th and16th centuries.Yet much had happened 1.As was discussed before,it was not2the19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_3_，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the4of the periodical.It was during the same time that the communications revolution5up,beginning with transport,the railway,and leading6through the telegraph,the telephone,radio,and motion pictures7 the20th century world of the motor car and the air plane.Not everyone sees that Process in8.It is important to do so.It is generally recognized,9,that the introduction of the computer in the early20th century,10by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process,11its impact on the media was not immediately12.As time went by,computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became“personal”too,as well as13,with display becoming sharper and storage14increasing.They were thought of,like people,15 generations,with the distance between generations much16.It was within the computer age that the term“information society”began to be widely used to describe the17within which we now live.The communications revolution has18both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time,but there have been19view about its economic,political,social and cultural implications.“Benefits”have been weighed20“harmful”outcomes.And generalizations have proved difficult.1.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later2.［A］after［B］by［C］during［D］until3.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure4.［A］process［B］company［C］light［D］form5.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked6.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off7.［A］of［B］for［C］beyond［D］into8.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective9.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore10.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized11.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although12.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible13.［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental14.［A］ability［B］capability［C］capacity［D］faculty15.［A］by means of［B］in terms of［C］with regard to［D］in line with16.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller17.［A］context［B］range［C］scope［D］territory18.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected19.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational20.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A], [B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile,you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.Depending on whom you are addressing,the problems will be different.If you are talking to a group of managers,you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries,you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example,which I heard at a nurses’convention,of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St.Peter.He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens,sunny weather,and so on.Everyone is very peaceful,polite and friendly until,waiting in a line for lunch,the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat,who rushes to the head of the line,grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.“Who is that?”the new arrival asked St.Peter.“Oh,that’s God,”came the reply,“but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous,you must practice so that it becomes more natural.Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.Often it’s the delivery which causes theaudience to smile,so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor.It often comes from the unexpected.A twist on a familiar quote“If at first you don’t succeed,give up”or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement.Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.21.To make your humor work,you should.[A]take advantage of different kinds of audience[B]make fun of the disorganized people[C]address different problems to different people[D]show sympathy for your listeners22.The joke about doctors implies that,in the eyes of nurses,they are.[A]impolite to new arrivals[B]very conscious of their godlike role[C]entitled to some privileges[D]very busy even during lunch hours23.It can be inferred from the text that public services.[A]have benefited many people[B]are the focus of public attention[C]are an inappropriate subject for humor[D]have often been the laughing stock24.To achieve the desired result,humorous stories should be delivered.[A]in well-worded language[B]as awkwardly as possible[C]in exaggerated statements[D]as casually as possible25.The best title for the text may be.[A]Use Humor Effectively[B]Various Kinds of Humor[C]Add Humor to Speech[D]Different Humor StrategiesText2Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty.That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction,they have begun to come close.As a result,the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for thetransaction.Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics,there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge.“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,"says Dave Lavery,manager of a robotics program at NASA,“we can't yet give a robot enough‘common sense’to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.Despite a spell of initial optimism in the1960s and1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year2010,researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found,in attempting to model thought,is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined.They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the98percent that is irrelevant,instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability,and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.26.Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in.[A]the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D]the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27.The word“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)most probably means.[A]programs［B］experts［C］devices［D］creatures28.According to the text,what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robotthat can.[A]fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B]interact with human beings verbally.[C]have a little common sense.[D]respond independently to a changing world.29.Besides reducing human labor,robots can also.[A]make a few decisions for themselves.[B]deal with some errors with human intervention.[C]improve factory environments.[D]cultivate human creativity.30.The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are.[A]expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B]able to perceive abnormalities immediately.[C]far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.[D]best used in a controlled environment.Text3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March,the price of crude oil has jumped to almost$26a barrel, up from less than$10last December.This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the1973oil shock,when prices quadrupled,and1979-1980,when they also almost tripled.Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth,at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere,could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the1970s.In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s.In Europe,taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price,so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were,and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.Energy conservation,a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production.For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly50%less oil than in1973.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that,if oil prices averaged$22a barrel for a full year,compared with $13in1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5%of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in1974or1980. On the other hand,oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that,unlike the rises in the1970s,it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago.In1973commodity prices jumped by70%,and in1979by almost30%.31.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______[A]global inflation.[B]reduction in supply.[C]fast growth in economy.[D]Iraq’s suspension of exports.32.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go updramatically if______.[A]price of crude rises.[B]commodity prices rise.[C]consumption rises.[D]oil taxes rise.33.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.34.We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now.［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.35.From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.［A］optimistic.［B］sensitive.［C］gloomy.［D］scared.Text4The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of“double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who“until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.“It’s like surgery,”he says.“We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death. If you’re a physician,you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of“ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong andeven dishonor the period of dying”as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care.“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes“systematic patient abuse”.He says medical licensing boards“must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.36.From the first three paragraphs,we learn that.[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain[B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D]patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide37.Which of the following statements its true according to the text?[A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death.[B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can beprescribed.[D]A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.38.According to the NAS’s report,one of the problems in end-of-life care is.[A]prolonged medical procedures[B]inadequate treatment of pain[C]systematic drug abuse[D]insufficient hospital care39.Which of the following best defines the word“aggressive”(line4,paragraph7)?[A]Bold.[B]Harmful.[C]Careless.[D]Desperate40.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they.[A]manage their patients incompetently[B]give patients more medicine than needed[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior,and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone.What is needed is a technology of behavior,but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technologymight be drawn.（41）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character, human nature,and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.（42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important,but its role has remained obscure.It does not push or pull,it selects,and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood,however,effects once assigned to states of mind,feelings,and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions,and a technology of behavior may therefore become available.It will not solve our problems,however,until it replaces traditional prescientific views,and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.（44）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment.It also raises questions concerning“values”.Who will use a technology and to what ends?（45）Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section III Writing46.Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled“Cultures National and International”.In the essay you should1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning,and2.give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）下一站考研主要经营:【1】公共课全程视频【2】上百门专业课视频【3】各种考研书籍【4】全国500所院校专业课真题与解析（下一站考研网QQ号：311671180214510311）第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
2002年全国成人高等学校统一考试英语试题(含答案)
2002年全国成高等学校统一考试试题、参考答案（英语） Phonetics (10 points)Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or lettercombinations marked A,B,C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that isdifferent from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I.1. A. back B. safely C. table D. strange2. A. rare B. square C. care D. are3. A. taught B. caught C. laughter D. daughter4. A. white B. whisper C. whose D. wheel5. A. kick B. resist C. silver D. April6. A. anxious B. answer C. angry D. angle7. A. cover B. crop C. create D. cycle8. A. dumb B. establish C. debt D. doubtful9. A. easy B. reply C. simply D. highly10. A. express B. extra C. expert D. exportII. Vocabulary and Structure (40 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there arefour choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence andblacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I.11. It’s the first turning the left after the traffic lights.A. byB. inC. onD. for12. of them knew about the plan because it was secret.A. SomeB. AnyC. No oneD. None13. It’s very kind invite me to your birthday party.A. from you toB. of you toC. by you toD. that you14. I pulled the handle I could.A. so hardly asB. as hardly asC. so hard asD. as hard as15. Tom, together with his family, to see us tonight.A. is comingB. are comingC. comesD. come16. those books do you want?A. What areB. Which ofC. Which areD. What17. Last Sunday had a picnic in Beihai Park.A. John, Mary and meB. John, I and MaryC. John, Mary and ID. I, John and Mary18. The garden requires .A. wateringB. being wateredC. to waterD. having watered19. All that can be done .A. have been done B. have done C. has been done D. has done20. I know nothing about him he is a teacher.A. besidesB. in additionC. except forD. except that21. You never told us why you were late for the party, ?A. weren’t youB. didn’t youC. had youD. did you22. He’s to know the answer.A. likelyB. probableC. maybeD. probably23. I knew him better, I discovered that my impression had been right.A. WhichB. AsC. UntilD. Unless24. The heavy snow could not keep us going out to work.A. fromB. onC. uponD. up25. They found the lecture hard .25. They found the lecture hard .A. to be understoodB. to understandC. for understandingD. to have been understood26. I learned how to a bicycle when I was six years old.A. driveB. rideC. pullD. draw27. It the village where we spent our holidays last summer.A. reminds me ofB. reminds me toC. remembers me ofD. remembers me to 28. All the afternoon he worked in his study with the door .A. to lockB. lockingC. lockedD. lock29. He is so shy that he speaks in the public.A. oftenB. frequentlyC. seldomD. sometimes30. It isn’t quite that he will he present at the meeting.A. certainB. sureC. rightD. exact31. He told her nothing, upset her.A. thatB. for whichC. about whichD. which32. It’s too expensive for me. I can’t it.A. spendB. costC. payD. afford33. Would you like me the radio a bit?A. turning downB. to turn downC. turn downD. turned down34. “I saw Mary in the library yesterday?”“You her, she is still in hospital.”A. mustn’t have seenB. could not seeC. can’t have seenD. must not see 35. It was difficult for him to buy good shoes because he had such a big of feet.A. pairB. sizeC. coupleD. number36. Jack works so hard as he dreams owning his own house soon.A. toB. withC. ofD. on37. There are about 70 people in the accident.A. were killedB. who killedC. killingD. killed38. I suppose I can count you for help in this matter.A. ofB. onC. atD. to39. Watch your step, you might fall into the water.A. orB. andC. unlessD. but40. Hardly his speech when he saw the audience rise as one.A. had he finishedB. did he finishC. he finishedD. he had finished41. The reason I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Sa turday.A. becauseB. whyC. forD. as42. I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly to me.A. happenedB. enteredC. occurredD. hit43. The tailor made him a new .A. clothesB. wearC. dressD. suit44. If you want his address, you will have to the number in the book.A. look intoB. look upC. look throughD. look after45. a raincoat with you in case it rains.A. BringB. FetchC. TakeD. Hold46. “ lately? I have not seen you for quite some time.”A. Where were you goneB. Where did you goC. Where were you goingD. Where have you been47. Such a device he was given proved almost worthless.A. asB. likeC. thatD. which48. the friendship between our two peoples last forever!A. CouldB. MayC. WouldD. Must49. My car is not so fashionable as .A. he’sB. heC. hisD. his’50. Linda at the dance tonight, nor will Peter.A. can’t beB. will beC. may not beD. won’t beIII. Cloze (20 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I. When I was a boy, children always objected 51 wearing school uniform but teachers were 52 on it because they said all of us looked 53 . Otherwise, they said, children would compete with 54 and the poorer children would be unhappy because people would see how poor they were. In recent years, however, many schools have 55 the idea of making children wear uniform but funnily enough, now that children can wear 56 they like, they have adopted a uniform of their own. When some journalists visited a London school, they found that all the boys and girls were dressed in jeans (牛仔裤). One girl said she would rather die than wear a coat instead of a jersey (运动套衫) because 57 wants to look different 58 the other children in the class. Parents may not be as happy about this as children, but they 59 to be, because this new kind of uniform is one that the children like, not something they have been forced to wear, and it is also 60 cheaper than school uniform used to be.51. A. against B. to C. for D. on52. A. warm B. eager C. keen D. interested53. A. same B. like C. as D. alike54. A. each other B. another C. themselves D. others55. A. waited for B. taken off C. put out D. given up56. A. that B. which C. what D. as57. A. anyone B. no one C. none D. someone58. A. than B. that C. from D. to59. A. ought B. should C. would D. had60. A. a lot B. very C. more D. a lot ofIV. Reading Comprehension (60 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSER SHEET I.Passage OneAs you are students of English, it’s very possible that you’ll be interested in England.That’s where the language was first spoken. But England is often called by other names. This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean. So, now I would like to tell you about this matter of names. I believe that you have heard people use the names—England, Britain or Great Britain. Let’s see what each of the se names means.If you look at a map of Europe, you’ll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast, one smaller and many tiny ones. These make up what is called the British Isles (不列颠群岛). The largest island of the British Isles is Britain. It is also called Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland (爱尔兰).Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England. But sometimes the Word “England” is used instead of “Britain”. Why so?In ancient times, what is Britain now used to be three different countries. People in These different countries spoke different language. Over many years the three countries became one. England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people. So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.There’s another thing that confuses people: sometimes you may hear people say “the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”. That is offic ial name of the country. Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island of Ireland. The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland. So we have the names of “England”, “Britain”, “Great Britain”, and “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”. Now do you know what each of them means?61. English was first spoken in .A. BritainB. EnglandC. Great BritainD. Ireland62. Britain is divided into .A. England, Britain, and WalesB. England, Scotland, and WalesC. Wales, Scotland, and Great BritainD. Great Britain, Wales, and Scotland63. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Wales is the richest of the threeB. Scotland is the largest of the threeC. Sometimes English is used instead of BritainD. Britain is the only name of the largest island of British Isles64. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is .A. part of BritainB. part of British IslesC. the official name of the whole country EnglandD. the largest country of all mentioned in the passage65. Which of the following is an independent country?A. WalesB. ScotlandC. Northern IrelandD. The Republic of IrelandPassage TwoEvery year just after Christmas the January Sales start. All the shops reduce their prices and for two weeks, they are full of people looking for bargains. My husband and I do not normally go to the sales as we don’t like crowds and in any case are short of money as we have to buy lots of Christmas st year, however, I took my husband with me to the sales at the large shop in the center of London. We both needed some new clothes and were hoping to find a television set. When we got to station. So I left my husband and started looking around the shops. Unfortunately all the clothes were in very large sizes and so were not suitable for me. But I did buy a television at a very cheap price, so Ifelt quite pleased with myself.When I arrived at the station, my husband was not there. So I sat down in a nearby cafe to have a cup of tea. I quickly finished my tea when I saw my husband and went out to meet him. He looked very happy. Then I saw he was carrying a large and heavy cardboard box. “Oh, dear!” I thought. Yes, we had no new clothes but two televisions. We shall not be going to the sales again.66. In January .A. lots of people goshopping for discountB. people have a lot of money to spend after ChristmasC. all the shops close for a two-week Christmas holidayD. people don’t have enough money to go looking for bargains67. In this passage, the word “bargain” could best be replaced by “something ”.A. given to peopleB. offered at a reduced priceC. offered, sold or bought which isexpensiveD. sold for the purpose of reaching an agreement68. The husband and wife in the story .A. wished to buy a TVB. went to the sales the year beforeC. often went to the sales to buy clothesD. were usually not short of money after Christmas69. The phrase “split up” in the second paragraph means “ ”.A. break apartB. cause to breakC. become piecesD. go indifferent directions70. After their day’s shopping, they .A. were happy with their bargainsB. had got everything they wantedC. got more than they had hoped forD. had to go back to the sales the next dayPassage ThreeSome people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sportswomen kills the essence (真谛) of sport —the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford tothink about enjoying himself, he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for entire nation’s hopes, dreams and reputation.A good example is the football Word Cup. Football is the world’s most important sport. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention Argentina (阿根廷) to someone and the chances are that he’ll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup put Argentina on the map.Sports fans and supporters get quite unreasonable about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country wassomehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competitionkills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinian really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really, But it’s nice to know that you won and that in one way at least your country is the best.71. What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?A. To explain the role of sportB. To compare Scotland with ArgentinaC. To show that Argentina is better than all othersD. To prove that football is the world’s most important sport72. I n the second paragraph, the word “summit” means “ ”.A. awardB. summaryC. highest pointD. mountain top73. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its .A. obvious position on the mapB. successes in the football World CupC. excellence at most important sportsD. large number of sports fans and supporters74. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will .A. fail to succeedB. lose enjoymentC. be successfulD. be unreasonable75. What is the author’s attitude towards international games?A. Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefieldB. Nations that win the football World Cup are regarded as best in all aspects.C. Nations that win in international games prove the best on the sports field at least.D. Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.Passage FourWhen the TV viewer turns on his set, what sort of programs does he have to choose from? You might think there would be more programs devoted to entertainment thanto anything else, but that’s not the case. In most countries, fewer than 20% of broadcasting hours are devoted to entertainment. U.S. figures are high——34.8%，and the funlovig Canadians are even higher with 44%. Except Canada and Italy, all countries give more broadcasting time to education than to either information (news, documentaries and so on) or entertainment programs. Of course, few educational broadcasts take place during peak viewing times. In Japan though, more than 60% of broadcasting time is taken up with education of one kind of another- just another example of the businesslike Japanese philosophy. In the U.K., the figure is 56.4%. The Italians have fewer educational programs than anyone else. They don’t go in for entertainment either. Only about ten percent of viewing time is devoted to dramas and serials, quiz shows, music, sports, etc. You will find more news information programs on Italian TV tha n anything else. That’s understandable in a country experiencing social and political changes. Italians rely on TV to tell them what’s going on ——and events are happening almost too fast to follow. The percentage of time the U.S. devoted to news and documentary programs is much smaller. After education, most TV time is given to entertainment. Many of these programs are shown around the world.76. Based on this passage, the percentage of TV broadcasting hours devoted to education is greatest in .A. JapanB. ItalyC. CanadaD. the United States77. More news information programs are broadcast on Italian TV than anywhere else because the Italians .A. are interested in what is happening in the worldB. like to undergo social and political changesC. prefer to learn news information on TV rather than in newspapersD. expect TV to tell them the latest news about what is going on in their country78. So far as the broadcasting hours devoted to entertainment are concerned, .A. the Japanese figure is the highest in the worldB. the U. S. figure is smaller than the U.K. figureC. the U.K. figure is second to the Japanese figureD. the Canadian figure is higher than that of any other country79. From this passage, we learn that most TV stations in the world devoted more broadcastinghours to .A. educational programsB. entertainment programsC. news information programsD. dramas, serials, music, sports and so on80. In the United States, .A. TV programs are shown for world audience to watchB. most of TV broadcasting hours are given to entertainmentC. educational programs are shown during peak viewing timesD. TV broadcasting hours devoted to education are more than those devoted to entertainment第II卷V.Translation (20 points)Directions: There are five sentences in Chinese in this part. Put them into English.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.81．我认为他们不会推迟这次旅行的。
2002年考研英语真题及参考答案
2002年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题Section I Listening Comprehension（略）Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. ②Yet much had happened 21 . ③As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. ④It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. ⑤Not everyone sees that process in 28 . ⑥It is important to do so.①It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . ②As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. ③They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 .①It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. ②The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. ③“Benefits” have been weighed 40 “harmful” outcomes. ④And generalizations have proved difficult.21. [ A ] between [ B ] before [ C ] since [ D ] later22. [ A ] after [ B ] by [ C ] during [ D ] until23. [ A ] means [ B ] method [ C ] medium [ D ] measure24. [ A ] process [ B ] company [ C ] light [ D ] form25. [ A ] gathered [ B ] speeded [ C ] worked [ D ] picked26. [ A ] on [ B ] out [ C ] over [ D ] off27. [ A ] of [ B ] for [ C ] beyond [ D ] into28. [ A ] concept [ B ] dimension [ C ] effect [ D ] perspective29. [ A ] indeed [ B ] hence [ C ] however [ D ] therefore30. [ A ] brought [ B ] followed [ C ] stimulated [ D ] characterized31. [ A ] unless [ B ] since [ C ] lest [ D ] although32. [ A ] apparent [ B ] desirable [ C ] negative [ D ] plausible33. [ A ] institutional [ B ] universal [ C ] fundamental [ D ] instrumental34. [ A ] ability [ B ] capability [ C ] capacity [ D ] faculty35. [ A ] by means of [ B ] in terms of [ C ] with regard to [ D ] in line with36. [ A ] deeper [ B ] fewer [ C ] nearer [ D ] smaller37. [ A ] context [ B ] range [ C ] scope [ D ] territory38. [ A ] regarded [ B ] impressed [ C ] influenced [ D ] effected39. [ A ] competitive [ B ] controversial [ C ] distracting [ D ] irrational40. [ A ] above [ B ] upon [ C ] against [ D ] withSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. ②Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. ③Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. ④If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.①Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. ②A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. ③He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. ④Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. ⑤“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. ⑥“Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”①If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. ②With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. ③You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.①If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural.②Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. ③Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are makinga light-hearted remark.①Look for the humor. ②It often comes from the unexpected. ③A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. ④Searchfor exaggeration and understatement. ⑤Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.41.To make your humor work, you should_______.[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are_______.[A] impolite to new arrivals [B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges [D] very busy even during lunch hours43.It can be inferred from the text that public services_______.[A] have benefited many people [B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered_______.[A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible45.The best title for the text may be_______.[A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor StrategiesText 2①Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. ②That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. ③And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.①As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. ②Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. ③Our banking is done at automated tellerterminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. ④Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. ⑤And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.①But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. ②“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,”says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”①Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. ②Despitea spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.①What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated —than previously imagined. ②They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. ③But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. ④The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in_______.[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work47. The word “gizmos” (line1, paragraph2) most probably means_______.[A] programs [B] experts [C] devices [D] creatures48. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot thatcan_______.[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery[B] interact with human beings verbally[C] have a little common sense[D] respond independently to a changing world49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_______.[A] make a few decisions for themselves[B] deal with some errors with human intervention[C] improve factory environments[D] cultivate human creativity50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_______.[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information[D] best used in a controlled environmentText 3①Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? ②Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. ③This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. ④Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. ⑤So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?①The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.②Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.①Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. ②In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. ③In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past.①Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. ②Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. ③Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. ④For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. ⑤The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. ⑥That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. ⑦On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.①One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. ②A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.③The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. ④In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is________.[A] global inflation [B] reduction in supply[C] fast growth in economy [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if________.[A] price of crude rises [B] commodity prices rise[C] consumption rises [D] oil taxes rise53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries________.[A] heavy industry becomes more energy intensive[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that________.[A] oil price shocks are less shocking now[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry55. From the text we can see that the writer seems________.[A] optimistic [B] sensitive [C] gloomy [D] scaredText 4①The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.①Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.①Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.①Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.”①George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. ②“It’s like surgery,” he says. ③“We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. ④If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”①On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.①Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care atthe End of Life. ②It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.①The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.①Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. ②“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.”③He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that________.[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’ death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.58. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is________.[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care59. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” ( line 3, paragraph 7 )?[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate.60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they________.[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. (63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures—National and International”. In the essay you should1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2) give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）Section III Reading ComprehensionPart AText141. C. address different problems to different people42. B. very conscious of their godlike role43. D. have often been the laughing stock44. D. as casually as possible45. A. Use Humor EffectivelyText246. C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work47. C. devices48. D. respond independently to a changing world49. B. deal with some errors with human intervention50. C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant informationText351. B. reduction in supply52. D. oil taxes rise53. D. oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP54. A. oil price shocks are less shocking now55. A. optimisticText456. B. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives57. C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.58. B. inadequate treatment of pain59. A. Bold60. D. prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart B61.难题之一在于几乎所有所谓的行为科学都继续从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
2002英语高考真题全国卷
2002年高考英语真题及答案全国卷第一卷(三部分，共115分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分) 省略第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things .A. stoleB. missingC. missedD. stealing22. Be quiet, everybody. The students of Class Two _______ a listening test.A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. are having23. She earns a good salary, so she _______ be deep in debt.A. can’tB. mustC. needn’tD. should24. Their play _______ great success and brought a large profit to the theatre.A. appreciatedB. enjoyedC. expectedD. seized25. He pressed the button and _______ a loud sound was heard in the distance.A. finallyB. actuallyC. completelyD. immediately26. _______ road out of town is good, but this one is better than the other.A. BothB. AnyC. NoneD. Neither27. --Mike bought her mother a bunch of flowers today.--Yes. He _______ yesterday too.A. didB. hadC. wouldD. bought28. _______ so much electrical equipment, wood and paper in one place, there is a danger of fire.A. ForB. InC. WithD. By29. Espresso coffee makers require more attention than _______ .A. drip coffee makers areB. drip coffee makersC. are other drip coffee makersD. so are drip coffee makers30. Birds make nests in trees _______ they can hide their young in the leaves and branches.A. howB. whichC. whereD. by31. Physical fitness exercise can cause injuries _______ the participants are not careful.A. thisB. untilC. even ifD. if32. You asked us to send you our price and catalogue for the season. I’m sure you’ll find plenty tointerest you in _______ .A. thisB. itC. oneD. those33. There being nothing to say, the secretary got to his feet, _______goodbye and left the room.A. thisB. sayingC. saidD. to say34. If the work _______by the end of this month is delayed, the construct ion company will be fined.A. is completedB. to be completedC. has been completedD. being completed35. --Do you think our basketballers played well last night?-- _______ .A. There were quite youngB. They couldn’t have done betterC. They played regularly and naturallyD. They were not nervous at all第二节完形填空(共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2002年全国各地高考英语试题汇总高考试题——英语(全国卷)
2002年全国普通高校全国统一考试(全国卷)英语及参考答案本试卷分第一卷(选择题)第二卷(非选择题)两部分。
共150分。
考试用时120分钟。
第一卷(三部分,共115分)注意事项：1.答第一卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3.考试结束,考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答在关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)1．Who is Chris Paine ?A.A computer engineer.B.A book selter.C.A writer.2.What are the two speakers talking about ?A.A football player.B.A football team.C.A football match.3.Why did the woman buy a heavy coat for Jimmy?A.Winter is coming soon.B.Jimmy’ll go into the mountains.C.Jimmy has caught a cold.4.Where is the woman?A.In a soap factory.B.In her house .C.At an informationdesk5.When is the man checking in ?A.Friday.B.Thursday.C.Tuesday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案
绝密▲启用前2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21. —I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.—________! (情景交际)A. CheersB. Good luckC. Come onD. Congratulations22. Excuse me for breaking in, ________I have some news for you. (连词)A. soB. andC. butD. yet23.—You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?— I'm sorry I ________anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you. (时态)A. wasn' t sayingB. don' t sayC. won' t sayD. didn' t say24. The mother didn' t know ________to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (宾语从句)A. whoB. whenC. howD. what25.—Is John coming by train?— He should, but he ________not. He likes driving his car. (情态动词)A. mustB. canC. needD. may26. Jumping out of ________airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________exciting experience. (冠词)A. 不填; theB. 不填; anC. an; anD. the; the27. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ. (比较级)A. a highB. a higherC. the higherD. the highest28. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to ________their belongings when they leave thecar. (动词辨析)A. keepB. catchC. holdD. take29. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (动词时态)A. hasn' t writtenB. doesn' t writeC. won' t writeD. hadn' t written30. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ________he could prepare his grand surprise for theparty. (连词)A. whichB. whenC. so thatD. as if31. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to ________it. It might be valuable. (短语辨析)A. hold on toB. keep up withC. turn toD. look after32. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it. (固定用法)A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen33. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows________.(宾语从句)A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it34. The research is so designed that once ______nothing can be done to change it. (省略句)A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun35. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________I will always treasure. (连接词)A. thatB. oneC. itD. what第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后人36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。
2002浙江高考英语真题及答案
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑21. The little girl____________her heart out because she __________ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it .A. had cried ;lostB. cried ;had lostC. has cried; has lostD. cries; has lost22. We will be shown around the city :schools, museums, and some other places,______other visitors seldom go .A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when23. —Excuse me ,sir. Would you do me a favor?—Of course. What is it ?--I ___________ if you could tell me how to fill out this formA. had wonderedB. was wonderingC. would wonderD. did wonder23. It is so nice to hear from her. ___________ ,we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That is to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not25. —When shall we start?—Let’s _______ it 8:30,Is that all right?A. setB. meetC. makeD. take26. All the people _______ at the party were his supporters.A. presentB. thankfulC. interestedD. important27. —Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday?—Thank you. I’d love to ,________I’ll be out of town at the weekend.A. becauseB. andC. soD. but28. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not ,you may _______-- run over by a car.A. haveB. getC. becomeD. turn29. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _________ from home and earn some money on his own.A. run awayB. take awayC. keep awayD. get away30. It was raining heavily . Little Mary felt cold, so stood_____ to her mother.A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closing31. —I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.—It _______ true because there was little snow there.A. may not beB. won’t beC. couldn’t beD. mustn’t be32. —Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?—No, dear. They don’t _______ well. Put them in the fridge instead.A. keepB. fitC. getD. last33. —What do you want _________ those old boxes?—To put things in when I move to the new flat.A. byB. forC. ofD. with34. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key_______the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.A. to solving; makingB. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve; made35. —It’s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much--________.A. My pleasureB. I’m glad to hear thatC. No, thanksD. It’s OK第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1。
(完整版)2002年考研英语真题及解析(答案很详细,值得下载一看)
2002年Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B, C ORD on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries。
Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before，it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre—electronic_ 3 _ ,following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical。
It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up， beginning with transport， the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio， and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the air plane。
Not everyone sees that Process in 8 。
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(附答案)
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（附答案）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题避所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B.￡9.15C.￡9.18答案是：B1. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. NeighborsB. Boss and employee.C. Doctor and patient.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a restaurantB. In a coffee shopC. In a clothing store3. What does the woman mean?A. She can’t see it now.B. She is eager to see itC. She wants the man to see it first4. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman will go to the airport by taxiB. The woman is asking the man for help.C. The woman’s car has broken down.5. What is the man doing?A. Offering to do a favor.B. Asking permission.C. Asking for help.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面6段对话或独白。
(完整word版)2002年考研英语真题及答案,推荐文档
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this Section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1 - 5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Welch's Personal InformationPlace of Birth PhiladelphiaYear of Birth 1901Transfer to Barnard University (Year) 1920Major at University1Final Degree PhDYear of Marriage 1928Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year)2Field Study in the South Pacific (Age)3Main Interest4Professorship at Columbia Started (Year)5Death (Age) 77Part B Directions:For questions 6 - 10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside6the speaker's home?One reporter got to the speaker's apartment pretending to pay7The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking8Where is a correction to a false story usually placed?9According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the 10editors and the news directorsPart C Directions:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11 - 13 are based on a report about children's healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 - 13.11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?[A] How much exercise they get every day.[B] What they are most worried about.[C] How long their parents accompany them daily.[D] What entertainment they are interested in.12. The academy suggests that children under age two[A] get enough entertainment.[B] have more activities.[C] receive early education.[D] have regular checkups.13. According to the report, children's bedrooms should[A] be no place for play.[B] be near a common area.[C] have no TV sets.[D] have a computer for study.Questions 14 - 16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 - 16.14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?[A] Family debts.[B] Bank savings.[C] Monthly bills.[D] Spending habits.15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit?[A] $190,000.[B] $330,000.[C] $500,000.[D] $ 1,000,000.16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?[A] Invest into a mutual fund.[B] Use the discount tickets.[C] Quit his eating-out habit.[D] Use only paper bills and save coins.Questions 17 - 20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman,domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20.17. Which word best describes the lawyer's prediction of the change in divorce rate?[A]Fall.[B] Rise.[C] V-shape.[D] Zigzag.18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A] To embrace changes of thought.[B] To adapt to the disintegrated family life.[C] To return to the practice in the '60s and '70s.[D] To create stability in their lives.19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?[A] They feared the complicated procedures.[B] They wanted to go against the trend.[C] They were afraid of losing face.[D] They were willing to stay together.20. Years ago a divorced man in a company would have[A] been shifted around the country.[B] had difficulty being promoted.[C] enjoyed a happier life.[D] tasted little bitterness of disgrace.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）National Entrance Test Of English for MA／MS Candidates(2002)考生注意事项1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。
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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题<一）National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(2002>考生注意事项1．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题. 2．答题前，考生应将答题卡上地“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考试语种”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考证上地一致.3．全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题<一）、试题<二）.4．本试题为试题<一），共4页<1～4页）.考生必须在规定地时间内作答. 5．试题<一）为听力部分.该部分共有A、B、C三节，所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡1上.A、B两节必须用蓝<黑）圆珠笔答题，注意字迹清楚.C节必须用2B铅笔按照答题卡上地要求填涂，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净. 6．听力考试进行时，考生应先将答案写或标记在试题上，然后在听力部分结束前专门留出地5分钟内，将答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上.仅写或标记在试题上不给分.Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections: This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. Thereare three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer allyour answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard. Someof the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to readWelch's Personal InformationPlace of BirthPhiladelphiaYear of Birth1901Transfer to Barnard University (Year>1920Major at University1Final DegreePhDYear of Marriage1928Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year>2Field Study in the South Pacific (Age>3Main Interest4Professorship at Columbia Started (Year>5Death (Age>77Part BDirections:For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S.journalist. Whileyou listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use notmore than 3words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You nowhave 25 seconds to readBesides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside thespeaker's home?6One reporter got to the speaker's apartment pretending to pay7The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking8Where is a correction to a false story usually placed?9According to the speaker, the press will lost readers unless theeditors and thePart CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hearQuestions 11 - 13 are based on a report about children's healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 -11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup［A］［B］ W［C］［D］［A］［B］［C］［D］［A］［B］［C］［D］Questions 14 - 16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 -14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention［A］［B］［C］ Monthl［D］ Spending habits.15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-［A］［B］［C］［D］16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants toacc［A］［B］［C］ Quit his eating-［D］Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman,a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to readQuestions 17 -17. Which word best describes the lawyer's prediction of the change［A］［B］［C］ V-shape.［A］［B］［C］［D］［A］ They f［B］［C］［D］［A］［B］［C］［D］You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your testDO NOT REUNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO CONTINUE绝密★启用前全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题<二）National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(2002>考生注意事项1．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题.2. 全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题<一）、试题<二）3．本试题为试题<二），共11页<5～15页），含有英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作三个部分.英语知识运用、阅读理解A节地答案必须用2B铅笔按要求直接填涂在答题卡1上，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净.阅读理解B节和写作部分必须用蓝<黑）圆珠笔在答题卡2上答题，注意字迹清楚4．考试结束后，考生应将答题卡1、答题卡2一并装入原试卷袋中，将试题<一）、试题<二）交给监考人员Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s> for each numberedComparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened ( 21 > . As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 > the 19th century thatthe newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 > , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 > of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 > up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 > through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 > the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 > . It isIt is generally recognized, ( 29 > , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, ( 30 > by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, ( 31 > its impact on the media was not immediately ( 32 > . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal" too, as well as ( 33 > , with display becoming sharper and storage ( 34 > increasing. They were thought of, like people, ( 35 > generations, with the distance between generations muchIt was within the computer age that the term “information society" beganto be widely used to describe the ( 37 > within which we now live. The communications revolution has ( 38 > both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been ( 39 >view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits"have been weighed ( 40 > “harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have prove21. ［A］ between ［B］ before ［C］ since ［D］ later22. ［A］ after ［B］ by ［C］ during ［D］ until23. ［A］ means ［B］ method ［C］ medium ［D］ measure24. ［A］ process ［B］ company ［C］ light ［D］ form25. ［A］ gathered ［B］ speeded ［C］ worked ［D］ picked26. ［A］ on ［B］ out ［C］ over ［D］ off27. ［A］ of ［B］ for ［C］ beyond ［D］ into28. ［A］ concept ［B］ dimension ［C］ effect ［D］ perspective29. ［A］ indeed ［B］ hence ［C］ however ［D］ therefore30. ［A］ brought ［B］ followed ［C］ stimulated ［D］ characterized31. ［A］ unless ［B］ since ［C］ lest ［D］ although32. ［A］ apparent ［B］ desirable ［C］ negative ［D］ plausible33. ［A］ institutional ［B］ universal ［C］ fundamental ［D］instrumental34. ［A］ ability ［B］ capability ［C］ capacity ［D］ faculty35. ［A］ by means of ［B］ in terms of ［C］ with regard to［D］ in line with36. ［A］ deeper ［B］ fewer ［C］ nearer ［D］ smaller37. ［A］ context ［B］ range ［C］ scope ［D］ territory38. ［A］ regarded ［B］ impressed ［C］ influenced ［D］ effected39. ［A］ competitive ［B］ controversial ［C］ distracting ［D］irrational40. ［A］ above ［B］ upon ［C］ against ［D］ withSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each textby choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40pIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant tothe audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that youunderstand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful,polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line,grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that's God," came theIf you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common toall of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarksabout their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground ifyou stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephoneIf you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can41. To make your humor work,［A］［B］［C］［D］42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they［A］［B］［C］［D］［A］ have ben［B］［C］［D］44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be［A］ in well-worded language［B］［C］［D］［A］［B］［C］［D］ Different Humor StratSince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated byintelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whoseuniversal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories humto the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politenessfor the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tirelessrobo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems thatcan perform some kinds of brain and bonesurgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilledBut if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a fewdecisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know howto tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixedresults. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades ifWhat they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a windingforest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.［A］［B］［C］ the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work［D］47. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2> most probably means .［A］［B］［C］ devices.［D］48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design［A］［B］［C］［D］49. Besides reducing human［A］［B］［C］［D］50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are . ［A］［B］［C］ far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant［D］Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloomThe oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higherstill in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than itdid in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crudeRich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, ashift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices> rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECDestimates in itslatest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so couldOne more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped b-y 70%,［A］［B］［C］［D］ Iraq's suspension of52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will［A］［B］ commodity prices rise.［C］［D］53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries .［A］ heavy industry becomes more energy-［B］［C］ manufacturing industry has been seriously sq［D］［A］ oil-［B］ inflation seems irrelevant to oil-［C］ energy conservation can keep［D］ the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy［A］［B］［C］ gloomy.［D］The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dyingAlthough it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify usinghigh doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends thatthe principle will s hield doctors who“until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if thatmight hasten death."George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for alegitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal evenif the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It's like surgery,"he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk yourOn another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony ofJust three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science (NAS> released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end ofwell-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."［A］ doctors used to increase drug dosages to control theirpatients' pain.［B］ it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their［C］ the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted［D］57. Which of the following statements its true according to the［A］ Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients'［B］ Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in［C］ The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can［D］ A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.58. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life［A］［B］［C］［D］59. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive" (line 3, para［A］［B］［C］ Careless. ［D］60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished［A］［B］［C］ reduce dru［D］Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHAlmost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop thescience from which such a technology might be drawn. 61> Onedifficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62> The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have beenhard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficultto discover and analyze. 63> The role of natural selection inevolution was formulatedonly a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective roleof the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solveour problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64>They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing> man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibilityand the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values." Who will use a technology and to what ends?65> Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.66. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures—National and InternatYou should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20An American girl in traditional Chinese costume<服装）2002年全国硕士研究生人学统一考试英语试题参考答案参考答案：Section I Listening Comprehension (20 points>Part A(5 points>1.sociology2.19303.234.religions5.1954[WX>]Part B(5 points>6.cameramen//camera men7.a personal visit8.depressed9.among advertisements10.take firm actionPart C(10 points>11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.BSection II Use of English (10 points>21.A 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.B 31.D 32.A33.A 34.C 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.CSection III Reading Comprehension(50 points>Part A(40 points>41.C 42.B 43.D 44.D 45.A 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.C 51.B 52.D个人收集整理-仅供参考21 / 21 53.D 54.A 55.A 56.B 57.C 58.B 59.A 60.DPart B(10 points> 61难题这一大于所谓地行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为地根源. 62行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为地依据似乎往往是直接观察到地，部分原因是其他地解释方式一直难以找到. 63自然选择在进化中地作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时地选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究. 64自由和尊严(它们>是传统理论定义地自主人所拥有地，是要求一个人对自己地行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定地必不可少地前提. 65(如果>这些问题得不到解决，研究行为地技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题地唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥.Section IV Writing (20 points> 66(略>申明：所有资料为本人收集整理，仅限个人学习使用，勿做商业用途.。