高口翻译第一讲主语的选择

翻译第一讲：主语的选择英汉语主语的差异：•英语是主语突出的语言，它常用无生命的或不能主动发出动作的名词作句子的主语。

（物称主语）•汉语则是主题突出的语言。

在以人为本的汉语中则很少使用无生命的名词充当主语。

（人称主语）对策一: 不变应万变∙As president of a small college, I am keenly aware of the job market that awaits this year’s graduates.∙Our economy, but for the occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound.(0903)∙上海男人常被戏称为“妻管严”。

（0709）∙青浦地区江河纵横，海上贸易自古繁盛。

（0803）对策二: 乾坤大挪移∙Wii has become more and more popular among American kids.∙The cause for the fire has escaped the detective.∙用辉煌50年的提法来总结半个世纪中国外交的成就是非常正确的。

∙恐怖主义犯罪分子通过各种方式制造紧张态势，是违背世界人民的意志和时代潮流的。

对策三: 添枝加叶法∙In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’ rights is in the air.∙Whether this relatively rosy picture will persist beyond the holidays, however, is much debated.∙弄得不好就会前功尽弃。

∙上海将花20年左右的时间建设成为一个现代化的多功能的国际大都市。

对策四: 选物不选人∙他突然想到了一个新主意。

∙谁也不能以不懂法律来为自己辩解。

∙活动期间，学校还为“5.12地震”灾区捐助了共计42万元的款物。

∙会议之后，客户纷纷要求退货。

∙随着企业规模的逐渐扩大，我发现商学院学到的东西越来越有用。

∙接下来的几个星期，外界纷纷开始对公司进行估值。

阅读部分：如何猜测词义方法一：利用前后缀常见的表否定意义的前缀有：un-，dis-，mis-，im-，non-，in-等。

如：unable，disappear，indirect，irregular，misunderstanding。

常见的后缀有名词性的：-ment，-tion，-sion，-ship等。

形容词性的：-y，-ful，less，-ous，-able等。

动词性的：-en，-fy等∙Old employees worry about being forced out of work prematurely by young people.∙As a manager of high-profile athletes for more than 30 years, I know the career and marketability of an athlete.∙She can think of it as a reflective phase. In this phase, she can be a legendary figure who function as an ambassador for his or her sport.方法二：利用逻辑关系对比关系： unlike，not，but，however，nevertheless， despite，in spite of，in contrast，on the other hand 和while∙Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.∙ A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.∙Kate’s friends were talking noisily about the coming party, but Kate remained reticent all the time.同比关系: similarly，like，just as，also∙Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.因果关系: because，since，as，for，so，as a result, therefore, so/such…that ∙Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.∙The light was so caliginous that it was impossible to tell who was speaking. 方法三：利用上下文∙All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimous.∙Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.∙I’m a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily.∙He is very fastidious. It is extremely difficult to please and satisfy him.∙§外交常用词汇§∙Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Protocol Department 礼宾司Information Department 新闻司diplomatic mission 外交代表机构embassy 大使馆legation 公使馆consulate-general 总领事馆consulate 领事馆military attaché's office, 武官处commercial counselor’s office 商务处press section, information service 新闻处liaison office 联络处diplomat 外交家, 外交官diplomatic rank 外交官衔diplomatic representative 外交代表members of the administrative and technical st aff 行政技术人员ambassador 大使counselor 参赞first secretary 一等秘书second secretary 二等秘书third secretary 三等秘书attaché, 随员commercial secretary 商务参赞cultural secretary 文化参赞commercial attaché, 商务专员cultural attaché, 文化专员military attaché, 武官naval attaché, 海军武官air attaché, 空军武官consul-general 总领事consul 领事dean of the diplomatic corps 外交使团团长roving ambassador 巡回大使ambassador-at-large 无任所大使special envoy 特使accredited to ... 向…派遣的foreign affairs 外交memorandum 备忘录persona non-grat 不受欢迎的人commnique 公报announcement 公告, 通告letter of credence, credentials 国书mutual recognition 互相承认establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系letter of introduction 介绍书during one's absence 离任期间identification card 身份证statement 声明de facto recognition 事实上承认persona grata 受欢迎的人diplomatic practice 外交惯例diplomatic immunities 外交豁免diplomatic privileges 外交特权diplomatic channels 外交途径diplomatic courier 外交信使diplomatic bag 外交邮袋letter of appointment 委任书certificate of appointment 委任证书declaration, manifesto 宣扬letter of recall 召回公文note 照会verbal note 普通照会circular note 通知照会formal note 正式照会normalization 正常化be appointed ambassador to ... 被任命为驻…大使to express regret 表示遗憾to sever diplomatic relations 断绝外交关系to resume charge of the office, to return to one' s post 返任to proceed to take up one's post 赴任to present one's credentials 递交国书to exchange ambassadors 互派大使to resume diplomatic relations 恢复外交关系to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level 建立大使级外交关系to establish consular relations 建立领事关系to assume one's post 就任to object to 提出异议to upgrade diplomatic relations 外交关系升格to make representations to, to take up a (the)matter with 向…交涉to lodge a protest with 向…提出抗议to request the consent of... 征求…的同意to suspend diplomatic relations 中断外交关系 tea party 茶会an atmosphere of cordiality and friendship 诚挚友好的气氛reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会delegation 代表团head of the delegation, leader of the delegation团长deputy head of the delegation, deputy leader of the delegation 副团长member of the delegation 代表团成员memorial speech 悼词to develop the relations of friendship and cooperation 发展友好合作关系prosperity and strength 繁荣富强visit 访问friendly visit, goodwill visit 友好访问informal visit 非正式访问official visit 正式访问private visit 私人访问state visit 国事访问obituary 讣告questions of common interest; question of com mon concern 共同关心的问题state banquet 国宴message of greeting, message of congratulatio n 贺电speech of welcome 欢迎词welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会cocktail party 鸡尾酒会good health and a long life 健康长寿profound condolence 深切哀悼cordial hospitality 盛情接待the two sides, the two parties 双方luncheon 午宴message of condolence 唁电reception 招待会toast 祝酒词memorial meeting 追悼会to convey one's sympathy 表示慰问to meet with 会见to review the guard of honour 检阅仪仗队to exchange views 交换意见to receive 接见to be shocked to learn of 惊悉be of the opinion, to hold, to consider, to main tain 认为to propose a toast to... 提议为…干杯on the happy occasion of 欣逢on learning with great joy 欣悉to give a banquet in honour of... 宴请…on invitation, upon invitation 应邀at the invitation of... 应…邀请in the company of..., accompanied by... 在…陪同下to express one's sincere congratulations and be st wishes 致以衷心的祝贺和最好的愿望to wish prosperity to a country and well-being to its people 祝（某国）国家繁荣人民幸福to take note of... 注意到His (Her, Your) Majesty 陛下His (Her, Your) Royal Highness 殿下His (Her, Your) Excellency 阁下His excellency Mr. President and Mme... …总统先生阁下和夫人。