2017-2018-青浦高级中学-高三上开学考

上海市青浦高级中学2017学年第一学期质量检测（9月）高三英语试卷（考试时间120分钟，满分140份）I. Listening Comprehension （略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Looking back at my younger years, I am sometimes amazed at how life has turned out. Nothing is exactly what I had originally planned for. The only thing（21）__________stays the same is who I am, my values, and my interests. If I could go back in time and hang out with my younger self for a day, here's what I （22）__________( tell )her.1. Everything happens for a reason.（23）__________ mistakes and failure, you would never have learned. Without pain, you would never have grown. Once you understand this，you will know that everything comes in （24）__________( serve )a purpose. So don't stress or think that life is unfair, because everything happens for a reason. And only time will tell what it will teach us.2. Focus on one thing at a time. You can have it all but not all at once.（25）__________ is not surprising that many of us are doing too many things at once. We need to make ends meet. But if you are working three jobs at a time, it is not likely that you will succeed at any of them. You have to keep your eyes on the big picture. You have to ask yourself what exactly do you want to achieve for the next 10 years? Focus on one thing at a time. Achieve your goals one by one.3. Y ou can plan ahead, but your plan will definitely change when the time comes.You can plan ahead because sometimes planning ahead can give you a clearer direction of（26）__________ you want to go. However, plans will almost always change, so be prepared!4. Trust your instincts.Don't worry too much about a decision you （27）__________ __________ make. Just do what feels right. You know what you want. You might consult other people. But deep down, you know what you want. Do what makes you happy. Because at the end of the day, （28）__________ __________ you follow logic, you will want to quit and follow your heart.5. It's okay to be unsure about your purpose in life.You might be graduating or have hit a turning point with your career. You might feel a bit （29）__________(lose)and unsure of where to go. It's okay. Go out there and try as many different things as you can. Don't ever feel like you're wasting your time. Enjoy the journey. Don't rush. Every little path will lead you somewhere. And（30）__________(look) back, you will be able to connect the dots. It will all make sense.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. aggressiveB. slightlyC. psychologicalD. shelterE. withdrawnF. sufferedG. subjectedH. copingI. judgingJ. surprisingK. fatesthey are affected, suggests a new study. And, _____31_____, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term.Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but particularly when it begins in adolescence, the researchers say. People _____32_____ to either verbal ( 口头上的）or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk of developing depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way.Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it, but those who are bullied for the first time later on in adolescence seem to become more ____33______or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of _____34_____. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin, US.The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1,500 college students regarding their experience of physical and ____35______ bullying before adolescence—before high school—and in late adolescence—at high school. They assessed mood and mental state, ___36______ by signs of anxiety or depression, such as sleeplessness. The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges, such as humiliation.People who were bullied all revealed ____37______higher levels of stress. But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation (挑衅),people bullied for thefirst time late in adolescence are more _____38_____and sensitive to violence.There are also sex differences between those bullied for the first time during adolescence, with females more likely to react aggressively when provoked and males are much more likely to turn to alcohol to escape bad situations.The best solution in all cases was strong social support, whether from friends, family or school. Those with no one to share their problems with____39______ the most.So perhaps it is best not to ____40______ children completely from bullying early on, suggests Newman. “They may get stressed，,but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on. “III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or Phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Whether or not you believe Professor Stephen Hawking’s alarming theory that building a “strong” artificial intelligence (AI) could lead to the end of the human race, it’s clear that AI is reaching the point where soon it will affect almost every aspect of how we work with computers. We must get used to computers that ______41____ back.Last year, investment bank Deep Ventures attracted much media attention when it announced that it had _____42_____ an AI computer to its board of directors to help make important business decisions. What ______43____ happened was that the company used a program called VITAL to_____44_____ potential investments (授资) in different businesses. But VITAL doesn't attend board meetings or vote - it's just a ____45______. While it's not quite the evil robot we see in science fiction movies, it shows us how far computers and AI have _____46_____.Soon AI systems will be driving our vehicles, _____47_____ our facial expressions as we perform complex tasks, translating our voices into different languages and building other machines for us in factories around the world. But they won't look like us or pretend to be ____48______.In the new film Ex Machina, a computer scientist is asked to _____49_____ whether a beautiful human-looking robot called Ava has human intelligence. I won't ____50______the film for you, but it occurred to me that one of the reasons we believe other human beings are conscious and have intelligence is that we're told they are______51____. Indeed, if you stopped believing other people have _____52_____, you would quickly find yourself unable to function in the world.Google's Eric Schmidt argues that we shouldn't worry about AI, and that we need _____53_____ to redesign our education systems so that we learn how to get on with the machines. As powerful computer-based intelligences continue developing, we must _____54_____the belief that only humans have intelligence and consciousness. Just as we have accepted the reality that the self-awareness that makes minds possible exists within the animal world, we may soon accept that it can also exist within the_____55_____ world.41. A. stare · B. fight C. feed D. talk42. A. devoted B. contributed C. connected D. appointed43. A. actually B. undoubtedly C. surprisingly D. secretly44. A. operate B. analyze C. determine D. report45. A. computer B. robot C. program D. shown46. A. achieved B. advanced C. grown D. risen47. A. explaining B. interrupting C. interpreting D. directing’48. A. smart B. mature C. complicated D. human49. A. assess B. wonder C. question D. suspect50. A. harm B. spoil C. damage D. make51. A.at one time B.in time C. all the time D. behind the time52. A. opinions B. character C. ideas D. minds53. A. instead B.thus C. nevertheless D. likewise54. A. make up with B. hold to C. let go of D. take care of55. A. human B. unknown C. foreign D. machineSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Yes, I admit it. I’m a true, incurable book abuser(施虐人). I like to fold dog ears. I like to break my books open so that their backs crack.I had a friend, who loved rubbing all the pages. I have another friend who is the exact opposite. She needs to keep her books completely new. I understand her. But once I get to know the book, I can’t help but show it some tough love. Because, believe me, although it sounds like I’m an abuser without a heart, that’s what it’s all about. Not hidden aggressions, or a lack of respect; not at all. Let me explain.I have one book by my favorite author Diana Gabaldon that looks like rubbish. It’s completely wrinkled up from rain, and on its way to falling apart. I brought it like that to have her sign it. I hope she’s realized what an honor it is to her as a writer. It means, basically, that I’ve read the book to bits. I wouldn’t bother to mistreat books that don’t mean anything to me. Only the best books get read well, carried everywhere, worth intense reading where I’m so caught up with words that I will spill coffee over it.For my further defense, I would like to call in a witness. I have a cook book. Like almost all my other cook books, it’s worn, and there are dirty marks of food in it. The book is called Tex-Mex—Food, Music and the Joy of Life from Texas. Just as the title suggests, this is more than a cook book.These are the words on the very first page:Tex-Max hasn’t been trendy for over 30 years. Considering it’s anything but cheap in calories, it probablynever will be, either. Tacos(墨西哥卷) are instead all about such an untrendy things as a love for life. It’s something you enjoy while spending time with your loved ones. …We hope, therefore, that this cook book will soon be as dirty as a really old and used cook book should be.Oh, how true! How wonderfully put! And it’s the same thing for books: whether you’re a book preserver or a book abuser, the approach is based on love and a joy for life. Because I believe all who are passionate about books, are passionate people.56. According to the passage, the writer often does the following to his book except______.A. have it dog-earedB. carry it everywhereC. keep it tidyD. have dirty marks in it57. Why does the writer treat his favorite books badly?A. To cover up his disrespect for its author.B. To conceal his aggressions to things around.C. To express his objection to the book preserver.D. To show his strong affection for the book.58. The book Tex-Mex—Food, Music and the Joy of Life from Texas is mentioned by the writer to show that__________________.A. it is really common to have dirty marks in the cook bookB. Tex-Max is not popular mainly because it’s low in caloriesC. the writer is not alone with the view that books should be abusedD. one must try some food like Tex-Max to experience the love for life59. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. The defense of one who treats books badly.B. The reasons why a certain book is preferred.C. The book lovers’ different habits of reading.D. The different ways to treat different books.( B)About PISAThe Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a triennial(每三年一次的) international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment.What makes PISA differentPISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real-life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.What the assessment involvesSince the year 2000, every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects: reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests.Additional PISA initiativesPISA-based Test for Schools(PTS)As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD(The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.60 . PISA is different from other programmes because __________.A. its test is closely related to the school curriculum.B. its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problems.C. its test can equip students for full participation in school.D. test scores directly determine the analysis of the test.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Test-takers are carefully selected.B. Test-takers answer the same questions.C. Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.D. Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.62 . What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.B. More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.C. School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.D. PISA provides evaluation of education system within a certain country.( C)The Oxford dictionary has announced its word of the year. It’s spelled ... Actually,it isn’t spelled at all, because it contains no letters, just a “face with tears of joy” emoji.“The fact that English alone is proving not enough to meet the needs of 21st-century digital communication is a huge change,” says Caspar Grathwohl, president ofOxford Dictionaries. When one of his dictionary colleagues suggested using an emojiinstead of the word “emoji”, “lightbulbs went off”. Until recently, Grathwohl, who is44, avoided using emojis altogether because he worried that he would look as if he “was trying to get in on teen culture”. “I felt inauthentic. But I think there was a tipping point this year. It’s now moved into the mainstream.”Some 76% of the UK adult population owns a smartphone, and of those, between 80% and 90% use emojis. Worldwide, six billion are sent daily. The “face with tears of joy” is the most used, representing 20% of all UK and 17% of all US emoji use. It has overtaken the standard smiley-face emoji in popularity, which may mean that emoji users are moving towards exaggeration or irony or fun, or that all this emoji use has brought everyone to a higher emotional plane. Even if you don’t send emojis yourself, you will probably receive them.How far do emojis function as a language? “There’s a lot of prejudice against emojis,” Vyvyan Evans, a professor in linguistics at Bangor University, says. “A lot of people think they are a backward step, but this misunderstands the nature of human communication.” The picture is more complicated, with emojis offering both greater freedom and limitations than verbal language. “Emoji isn’t a language as such. They don’t develop in the way that the natural language does. But they are working according to the same principles of communication as the spoken language. What is the value of an emoji? I think I can prove this with an ordinary sentence.” There is a pause. “I love you,” he says. “Crikey(哎呀), I love you.” He says it again. The first time I think he means it; the second time we both know he doesn’t. “The meaning is coming from extra-language factors,” he says. “Emojis are performing the same function in digital speech.”Like any sort-of language, emoji is evolving. “I do think they are subtle(微妙) and rich,” Grathwohl says.“They can mean different things to different people. The fact that we are using emoji in combination to express more complex ideas and experiences is one of the most fun and playful parts of the whole words. Will emoji finally come to look something more like traditional language that we understand?” he asks. “That would be interesting.”63. The sentence “lightbulbs went off” (Para 2) means that ______________.A. the president became embarrassed and annoyedB. the president suddenly realized he was outdatedC. the suggestion was immediately adoptedD. the suggestion started a heated discussion64. The “face with tears of joy” is more popular than smiley-face emoji, which means that _______________.A. emoji is changing constantlyB. smiley-face emoji is too traditionalC. adults have more sorrow than joy in their daily lifeD. people like to express their emotions in a richer way65. Vyvyan Evans uses the sentence “I love you” as an example (Para 4) to prove that _____.A. emoji can express the real meaning behind wordsB. emoji is different from the natural languageC. people feel free to use emoji in communicationD. emoji will limit people in expressing their feelings66. Which of the following statement might Grathwohl agree with?A. emoji is too childish for adultsB. people have the same explanation for an emojiC. using emoji can add fun to communicationD. emoji won’t develop into a languageSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceHow did the largest of all dinosaurs evolve necks longer than any other creature that has ever lived? One secret: mostly hollow neck bones, researchers say.The largest creatures to ever walk the Earth were the long-necked, sauropods(蜥脚类恐龙). These vegetarians had the longest necks of any known animal.___________67______________. Their necks were six times longer than that of the current world-recorder holder, the giraffe.“They were really oversized,” said researcher Michael Taylor. “We’re used to thinking of elephants as big, but sauropods reached 10 times the size elephants do. They were the size of walking whales.”_________68__________, scientists studied sauropod’s body structure and analyzed other long-necked creatures such as giraffes and ostriches. In their study, Taylor and his colleagues found that the neck bones of sauropods possessed a number of characteristics that supported such long necks. For instance, air often made up 60 percent of these animals’ necks, with some as light as birds’ bones, making it easier to support long chains of thebones.Sauropods also had plenty of neck vertebrae, up to 19. __________69______. And sauropods had small, light heads that were easy to support.Furthermore, sauropods and other dinosaurs probably could breathe like birds, drawing fresh air through their lungs continuously. Instead, mammals have to breathe out before breathing in to fill their lungs with fresh air ________70______.IV Summary WritingDirection: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main file of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, What is it we want independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle(涓涓细流)of biofuel available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don't read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.V. TranslationDirection: Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.71.他不顾新颁布的法律，坚持在春节期间燃放烟花。