(完整版)Unit12ACaseof“SevereBias”课文翻译综合教程四
Unit 12A Case of "Severe Bias"Patricia Raybon1 This is who I am not. I am not a crack addict. I am not a welfare mother. I am not illiterate. I am not a prostitute. I have never been in jail. My children are not in gangs. My husband doesn’t beat me. My home is not a tenement. None of these things defines who I am, nor do they describe the other black people I’ve known and worked with and loved and befriended over these forty years of my life.2 Nor does it describe most of black America, period.3 Yet in the eyes of the American news media, this is what black America is: poor, criminal, addicted, and dysfunctional. Indeed, media coverage of black America is so one-sided, so imbalanced that the most victimized and hurting segment of the black community －a small segment, at best －is presented not as the exception but as the norm. It is an insidious practice, all the uglier for its blatancy.4 In recent months, I have observed a steady offering of media reports on crack babies, gang warfare, violent youth, poverty, and homelessness －and in most cases, the people featured in the photos and stories were black. At the same time, articles that discuss other aspects of American life －from home buying to medicine to technology to nutrition －rarely, if ever, show blacks playing a positive role, or for that matter, any role at all.5 Day after day, week after week, this message －that black America is dysfunctional and unwhole －gets transmitted across the American landscape. Sadly, as a result, America never learns the truth about what is actually a wonderful, vibrant, creative community of people.6 Most black Americans are not poor. Most black teenagers are not crack addicts. Most black mothers are not on welfare. Indeed, in sheer numbers, more white Americans are poor and on welfare than are black. Yet one never would deduce that by watching television or reading American newspapers and magazines.7 Why do the American media insist on playing this myopic, inaccurate picture game? In this game, white America is always whole and lovely and healthy, while black America is usually sick and pathetic and deficient. Rarely, indeed, is black America ever depicted in the media as functional and self-sufficient. The free press, indeed, as the main interpreter of American culture and American experience, holds the mirror on American reality －so much so that what the media say is is, even if it’s not that way at all. Themedia are guilty of a severe bias and the problem screams out for correction. It is worse than simply lazy journalism, which is bad enough; it is inaccurate journalism.8 For black Americans like myself, this isn’t just an issue of vanity －of wanting to be seen in a good light. Nor is it a matter of closing one’s eyes to the very real problems of the urban underclass －which undeniably is disproportionately black. To be sure, problems besetting the black underclass deserve the utmost attention of the media, as well as the understanding and concern of the rest of American society.9 But if their problems consistently are presented as the only reality for blacks, any other experience known in the black community ceases to have validity, or to be real. In this scenario, millions of blacks are relegated to a sort of twilight zone, where who we are and what we are isn’t based on fact but an image and perception. That’s what it feels like to be a black American whose lifestyle is outside of the aberrant behavior that the media present as the norm.10 For many of us, life is a curious series of encounters with white people who want to know why we are “different” from other blacks －when, in fact, most of us are only “different” from the now common negative images of black life. So pervasive are these images that they aren’t just perceived as the norm, they’re accepted as the norm.11 I am reminded, for example, of the controversial Spike Lee film Do the Right Thing and the criticism by some movie reviewers that the film’s ghetto neighborhood isn’t populated by addicts and drug pushers －and thus is not a true depiction.12 In fact, millions of black Americans live in neighborhoods where the most common sights are children playing and couples walking their dogs. In my own inner-city neighborhood in Denver －an area that the local press consistently describes as “gang territory” －I have yet to see a recognizable “gang” member or any “gang” activity (drug dealing or drive-by shootings), nor have I been the victim of “gang violence”.13 Yet to students of American culture －in the case of Spike Lee’s film, the movie reviewers － a black, inner-city neighborhood can only be one thing to be real: drug-infested and dysfunctioning. Is this my ego talking? In part, yes. For the millions of black people like myself －ordinary, hard-working, law-abiding, tax-paying Americans －the media’s blindness to the fact that we even exist, let alone to our contributions to American society, is a bitter cup to drink. And as self-reliant as most black Americans are －because we’ve had to be self-reliant －even the strongest among us still crave affirmation.14 I want that. I want it for my children. I want it for all the beautiful, healthy, funny, smart black Americans I have known and loved over the years.15 And I want it for the rest of America, too.16 I want America to know us －all of us －for who we really are. To see us in all of our complexity, our subtleness, our artfulness, our enterprise, our specialness, our loveliness, our American-ness. That is the real portrait of black America －that we’re strong people, surviving people, capable people. That may be the best-kept secret in America. If so, it’s time to let the truth be known.“强烈偏见”之实话实说帕特里夏·雷本1 我不是通常想象的那种黑人。
综合教程第四册Unit 12 Text I--A Case of Severe Bias 词汇
A CASE OF “SEVERE BIAS”Patricia Raybon1 This is who I am not. I am not a crack addict. I am not a welfare mother. I am not illiterate. I am not a prostitute. I have never been in jail. My children are not in gangs. My husband doesn’t beat me. My home is not a tenement. None of these things defines who I am, nor do they describe the other black people I’ve known and worked with and loved and befriended over these forty years of my life.◆welfare mother: welfare queen is a pejorative phrase used in the United States to refer to people, usually women, who are accused of collecting excessive welfare payments through fraud or manipulation.◆tenement: n. 1) a large building divided into flats/apartments, especially in a poor area of a city (尤指城市贫困区的)经济公寓，廉价公寓e.g. a tenement block 经济住宅街区2 Nor does it describe most of black America, period.3 Yet in the eyes of the American news media, this is what black America is: poor, criminal, addicted, and dysfunctional. Indeed, media coverage of black America is so one-sided, so imbalanced that the most victimized and hurting segment of the black community －a small segment, at best －is presented not as the exception but as the norm. It is an insidious practice, all the uglier for its blatancy.◆dysfunctional: adj. (technical) not working normally or properly 机能失调的；功能障碍的e.g. children from dysfunctional families 有缺陷家庭的子女◆coverage: n. (U) 1) the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio andtelevision 新闻报道e.g. media/newspaper/press coverage 媒体/报纸/报刊的报道tonight’s live coverage of the hockey game 今晚曲棍球比赛的现场直播2) the range or quality of information that is included in a book or course of study, ontelevision, etc. (书、课程学习、电视等的)信息范围，信息质量e.g. magazines with extensive coverage of diet and health topics包含大量饮食与健康话题的杂志3) the amount of sth that sth provides; the amount or way that sth covers an idea提供的数量；覆盖范围（或方式）e.g. Immunization coverage against fatal diseases has increased to 99% in some countries.在一些国家致命疾病免疫注射的覆盖面已达到99%。
最新Unit 12 A Case of “Severe Bias”课文翻译综合教程四资料
Unit 12A Case of "Severe Bias"Patricia Raybon1 This is who I am not. I am not a crack addict. I am not a welfare mother. I am not illiterate. I am not a prostitute. I have never been in jail. My children are not in gangs. My husband doesn’t beat me. My home is not a tenement. None of these things defines who I am, nor do they describe the other black people I’ve known and worked with and loved and befriended over these forty years of my life.2 Nor does it describe most of black America, period.3 Yet in the eyes of the American news media, this is what black America is: poor, criminal, addicted, and dysfunctional. Indeed, media coverage of black America is so one-sided, so imbalanced that the most victimized and hurting segment of the black community －a small segment, at best －is presented not as the exception but as the norm. It is an insidious practice, all the uglier for its blatancy.4 In recent months, I have observed a steady offering of media reports on crack babies, gang warfare, violent youth, poverty, and homelessness －and in most cases, the people featured in the photos and stories were black. At the same time, articles that discuss other aspects of American life －from home buying to medicine to technology to nutrition －rarely, if ever, show blacks playing a positive role, or for that matter, any role at all.5 Day after day, week after week, this message －that black America is dysfunctional and unwhole －gets transmitted across the American landscape. Sadly, as a result, America never learns the truth about what is actually a wonderful, vibrant, creative community of people.6 Most black Americans are not poor. Most black teenagers are not crack addicts. Most black mothers are not on welfare. Indeed, in sheer numbers, more white Americans are poor and on welfare than are black. Yet one never would deduce that by watching television or reading American newspapers and magazines.7 Why do the American media insist on playing this myopic, inaccurate picture game? In this game, white America is always whole and lovely and healthy, while black America is usually sick and pathetic and deficient. Rarely, indeed, is black America ever depicted in the media as functional and self-sufficient. The free press, indeed, as the main interpreter of American culture and American experience, holds the mirror on American reality －so much so that what the media say is is, even if it’s not that way at all. Themedia are guilty of a severe bias and the problem screams out for correction. It is worse than simply lazy journalism, which is bad enough; it is inaccurate journalism.8 For black Americans like myself, this isn’t just an issue of vanity －of wanting to be seen in a good light. Nor is it a matter of closing one’s eyes to the ve ry real problems of the urban underclass －which undeniably is disproportionately black. To be sure, problems besetting the black underclass deserve the utmost attention of the media, as well as the understanding and concern of the rest of American society.9 But if their problems consistently are presented as the only reality for blacks, any other experience known in the black community ceases to have validity, or to be real. In this scenario, millions of blacks are relegated to a sort of twilight zone, where who we are and what we are isn’t based on fact but an image and perception. That’s what it feels like to be a black American whose lifestyle is outside of the aberrant behavior that the media present as the norm.10 For many of us, life is a curious series of encounters with white people who want to know why we are “different” from other blacks －when, in fact, most of us are only “different” from the now common negative images of black life. So pervasive are these images that they aren’t just perceived as the norm, they’re accepted as the norm.11 I am reminded, for example, of the controversial Spike Lee film Do the Right Thing and the criticism by some movie reviewers that the film’s ghetto neighborhood isn’t populated by addicts and drug pushers －and thus is not a true depiction.12 In fact, millions of black Americans live in neighborhoods where the most common sights are children playing and couples walking their dogs. In my own inner-city neighborhood in Denver －an area that the l ocal press consistently describes as “gang territory” －I have yet to see a recognizable “gang” member or any “gang” activity (drug dealing or drive-by shootings), nor have I been the victim of “gang violence”.13 Yet to students of American culture －in the case of Spike Lee’s film, the movie reviewers － a black, inner-city neighborhood can only be one thing to be real: drug-infested and dysfunctioning. Is this my ego talking? In part, yes. For the millions of black people like myself －ordinary, hard-working, law-abiding, tax-paying Americans －the media’s blindness to the fact that we even exist, let alone to our contributions to American society, is a bitter cup to drink. And as self-reliant as most black Americans are －because we’ve had to be self-reliant －even the strongest among us still crave affirmation.14 I want that. I want it for my children. I want it for all the beautiful, healthy, funny, smart black Americans I have known and loved over the years.15 And I want it for the rest of America, too.16 I want America to know us －all of us －for who we really are. To see us in all of our complexity, our subtleness, our artfulness, our enterprise, our specialness, our loveliness, our American-ness. That is the real portrait of black America －that we’re strong people, surviving people, capable people. That may be the best-kept secret in America. If so, it’s time to let the truth be known.“强烈偏见”之实话实说帕特里夏·雷本1 我不是通常想象的那种黑人。
综合教程II 第十二单元 Unit 12 The Importance of Moral Intelligence in Children 课文分析
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综合英语教程(第三版)BOOK2-课文译文 12.第十二单元
Unit 12TEXT你看见那棵树了吗？是我的邻居戈根夫人最先问我这句话的。
那天，我正坐在后院享受着秋日的黄昏，她问我“你看见那棵树了吗？”“就是街角的那棵”，她解释道，“那棵树真美，色彩斑斓，人们都会停下来欣赏它。
你也该去看看啊。
”我告诉她我会去看的，可是过了一会儿我就忘了这件事。
三天后，我正在街上漫跑的时候，一团明亮的橙色映入我的眼帘。
霎那间，我以为是谁家的房子着火了。
而后，我想起了戈根夫人和我说起的那棵树。
快到树跟前的时候，我放慢了脚步。
这是一棵不大不小的枫树，它的形态再普通不过了。
但是，关于它的色彩，戈根夫人的确说对了。
眼前的色彩如画家的调色板那样异彩纷呈，低处的树枝呈现出亮红色，中间的是鲜黄色和橙色的，顶部像腾起深红色的火焰，四周绿色的叶子簇拥着这团火焰，仿佛秋天还未曾来临。
我像一个圣徒接近神殿般亦步亦趋，发现树顶上裸露着一些光秃秃的黑色枝干，像一只巨大的爪伸向天空。
树干四周的落叶像是地上铺了一层深红色的地毯。
斑斓的色彩使得这棵树就像一个大地球。
宽阔的树枝展现出各大洲一年四季的景色：它有南半球春天的淡绿色和夏天的深绿色，也有北半球秋天的黄色和冬天的枯枝。
在我惊叹这包罗万象的美景的时候，我想起了拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生关于星辰的注解。
他曾经在《自然》中说到，假如天上璀璨的星辰一千年只出现一次，那么看到它们是件多么激动人心的事情啊！但是，就是因为它们每天都会出现，所以我们难得会想起抬头望它们一眼。
因此对这棵树，我也有同样的感受。
它只有一周的灿烂辉煌，所以这短暂的美景对我们来说尤为珍贵，而我竟差点儿错过。
１９世纪，有人曾在马萨诸塞州的上空看到绚丽多彩的北极光时，他敲响了教堂的钟，把全镇的居民都叫醒。
这就如同我对那棵树，我也想唤醒大家来欣赏这棵树神奇而短暂的美。
虽然我没有教堂的钟，但在回家的路上，我问了每位邻居一个简单而重要的问题，就是戈根夫人曾经问我的那句“你看见那棵树了吗？”（弋睿仙译）Read more树叶的神奇11本篇译文摘自百度文库/view/d9587024bcd126fff7050bd8.html每当我在秋风中散步的时候，便不由地想起树叶的微妙和神奇。
Unit-12-“Take-Over--Bos’n!”课文翻译综合教程三
Unit 12“Take Over, Bos’n!〞Oscar Schisgall1 Hour after hour I kept the gun pointed at the other nine men. From the lifeboat’s stern, where I’d sat most of the twenty days of our drifting, I could keep them all covered. If I had to shoot at such close qu arters, I wouldn’t miss. They realized that. Nobody jumped at me. But in the way they all glared I could see how they’d come to hate my guts.2 Especially Barrett, who’d been bos’n’s mate; Barrett said in his harsh, cracked voice, “You’re a fool, Snyder. Y-you can’t hold out forever! You’re half asleep now!〞3 I didn’t answer. He was right. How long can a man stay awake? I hadn’t dared to shut my eyes in maybe seventy-two hours. Very soon now I’d doze off, and the instant that happened they’d jump on the li ttle water that was left.4 The last canteen lay under my legs. There wasn’t much in it after twenty days. Maybea pint. Enough to give each of them a few drops. Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that they’d gladly kill me for those few drops. As a man I didn’t count any more. I was no longer third officer4 of the wrecked Montala. I was just a gun that kept them away from the water they craved. And with their tongue swollen and their cheeks sunken, they were half crazy.5 The way I judged it, we must be some two hundred miles east of Ascension. Now that the storms were over, the Atlantic swells were long and easy, and the morning sun was hot –so hot it scorched your skin. My own tongue was thick enough to clog my throat. I’d have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.6 But I was the man with the gun — the only authority in the boat — and I knew this: once the water was gone we’d have nothing to look forward to but death. As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for. We had to make it last as long as possible. If I’d given in to the curses, we’d have emptied the last canteen days ago. By now we’d all be dead.7 The men weren’t pulling on the oars. They’d stopped that long ago, too weak to go o n. The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded, ragged, half-naked animals, and Iprobably looked as bad as the rest. Some sprawled over the gunwales, dozing. The rest watched me as Barrett did, ready to spring the instant I relaxed.8 When they were n’t looking at my face they looked at the canteen under my legs.9 Jeff Barrett was the nearest one. A constant threat. The bos’n’s mate was a heavy man, bald, with a scarred and brutal face. He’d been in a hundred fights, and they’d left their marks on him.10 Barrett had been able to sleep —in fact, he’d slept through most of the night – and I envied him that. His eyes wouldn’t close. They kept watching me, narrow and dangerous.11 Every now and then he taunted me in that hoarse, broken voice:12 “Why don’t you quit? You can’t hold out!〞13 “Tonight,〞I said. “We’ll ration the rest of the water tonight.〞14 “By tonight some of us’ll be dead! We want it now!〞15 “Tonight ,〞I said.16 Couldn’t he understand that if we waited until night the few drops wouldn’t be sweated out of us so fast? But Barrett was beyond all reasoning. His mind had already cracked with thirst. I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes. I aimed the gun at his chest – and he sat down again.17 I’d grabbed my Luger on inst inct, twenty days ago, just before running for the lifeboat. Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water.18 These fools —couldn’t they see I wanted a drink as badly as any of them? But I was in command here — that was the difference. I was the man with the gun, the man who had to think. Each of the others could afford to think only of himself; I had to think of them all.19 Barrett’s eyes kept watching me, waiting. I hated him. I hated him all the more because he’d slept. He had that advantage now. He wouldn’t keel over.20 And long before noon I knew I couldn’t fight any more. My eyelids were too heavy to lift. As the boat rose and fell on the long swells, I could feel sleep creeping over me like paralysis. I bent my head. It fil led my brain like a cloud. I was going, going …21 Barrett stood over me, and I couldn’t even lift the gun. In a vague way I could guess what would happen. He’d grab the water first and take his drop. By that time the others would be screaming and tearing at him, and he’d have to yield the canteen. Well, there was nothing more I could do about it.22 I whispered, “Take over, bos’n.〞23 Then I fell face down in the bottom of the boat. I was asleep before I stopped moving…24 When a hand shook my shoulder, I could hardly raise my head. Jeff Barrett’s hoarse voice said, “Here! Take your share o’ the water!〞25 Somehow I propped myself up on my arms, dizzy and weak. I looked at the men, andI thought my eyes were going. Their figures were dim, shadowy; but then I realized it wasn’t because of my eyes. It was night. The sea was black; there were stars overhead, I’d slept the day away.26 So we were in our twenty-first night adrift —the night in which the tramp Croton finally picked us up – but now, as I turned my head to Barrett there was no sign of any ship. He knelt beside me, holding out the canteen, his other hand with gun steady on the men.27 I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. Hadn’t they finished that pint of water this morning? When I looked u p at Barrett’s ugly face, it was grim. He must have guessed my thoughts.28 “You said, ‘Take over, bos’n,’ didn’t you?〞he growled. “I’ve been holding off these apes all day.〞He hefted the Luger in his hand. “When you’re boss-man,〞he added, “in command and responsible for the rest — you —you sure get to see things different, don’t you?〞“水手长，接手吧!〞奥斯卡·希斯高尔1. 一小时又一小时，我用枪指着其他九个人。
综合教程II 第十二单元 Unit 12 The Importance of Moral Intelligence in Children 课文分析
Audiovisual supplement Cultural information
social, mental, emotional, and moral skills that make up solid character and guide moral behaviours. It is the capacity to understand right from wrong. It means to have strong ethical convictions and to act on them so that one behaves in the right and honourable way. Moral intelligence is what a young adolescent needs most to counter negative pressures and do what’s right with or without adult guidance.
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2 By far our biggest worry is youth violence, and that alone should warrant a national declaration of emergency. Although the hard data on youth crime and violence show a recent decline, there is little cause for comfort: the American Academy of Pediatrics reports that the United States has the highest youth homicide and suicide rates among the twenty-six wealthiest nations in the world. In fact, our kids are ten times more likely to commit murder than comparably aged youths in Canada. Perhaps most disturbing is that our killers are getting younger and younger. As I write, this week a six-year-old intentionally
(完整版)Unit 12 Gender Bias in Language课文翻译综合教程一
Unit 12 Gender Bias in LanguageLanguage is a very powerful element. It is the most common method of communication. Yet it is often misunderstood and misinterpreted, for language is a very complicated mechanism with a great deal of nuance. There are times when in conversation with another individual, that we must take into account the person’s linguistic genealogy. There are people who use language that would be considered prejudicial or biased in use. But the question that is raised is in regard to language usage: Is language the cause of the bias or is it reflective of the preexisting bias that the user holds? There are those who believe that the language that we use in day-to-day conversation is biased in and of itself. They feel that the term "mailman", for example, is one that excludes women mail carriers. Then there are those who feel that language is a reflection of the prejudices that people have within themselves. That is to say, the words that people choose to use in conversation denote the bias that they harbor within their own existence.There are words in the English language that are existing or have existed (some of them have changed with the new wave of “political correctness” coming about) that have inherently been sexually biased against women. For example, the person who investigates reported complaints (as from consumers or students), reports findings, and helps to achieve fair and impartial settlements is ombudsman (Merriam-Webster Dictionary), but ombudsperson here at Indiana State University. This is an example of the gender bias that exists in the English language. The language is arranged so that men are identified with exalted positions, and women are identified with more service-oriented positions in which they are being dominated and instructed by men. So the language used to convey this type of male supremacy is generally reflecting the honored position of the male and the subservience of the female. Even in relationships, the male in the home is often referred to as the “man of the house,” even if it is a 4-year-old child. It is highly insulting to say that a 4-year-old male, based solely on his gender, is more qualified and capable of conducting the business and affairs of the home than his possibly well-educated, highly intellectual mother. There is a definite disparity in that situation.In American culture, a woman is valued for the attractiveness of her body, while a man is valued for his physical strength and his achievements. Even in the example of word pairs the bias is evident. The masculine word is put before the feminine word, as in the examples of Mr. and Mrs., his and hers, boys and girls, men and women, kings and queens, brothers and sisters, guys and dolls, and host and hostess. This shows that the usage of many of the English words is also what contributes to the bias present in the English language.Alleen Pace Nilsenn notes that there are instances when women are seen as passive while men are active and bring things into being. She uses the example of the wedding ceremony. In the beginning of the ceremony, the father is asked who gives the bride away and he answers, “I do.” It is at this point that Nilsen argues that the gender bias comes into play. The traditional concept of the bride as something to be handed from one man (the father) to another man (the husband-to-be) is perpetuated. Another example is in the instance of sexual relationships. The women becomebrides while men wed women. The man takes away a woman’s virginity and a woman loses her virginity. This denotes her inability, apparently due to her gender, to hold on to something that is a part of her, thus enforcing the man’s ability and right to claim something that is not his.To be a man, according to some linguistic differences, would be considered an honor. To be endowed by genetics with the encoding of a male would be as having been shown grace, unmerited favor. There are far greater positive connotations connected with being a man than with being a woman. Nilsen yields the example of “shrew” and “shrewd.” The word “shrew” is taken from the name of a small but especially vicious animal; however in Nilsen’s dictionary, a “shrew” was identified as an “ill-tempered, scolding woman.” However, the word “shrewd,” which comes from the same root, was defined as “marked by clever discerning awareness.” It was noted in her dictionary as a shrewd businessman. It is also commonplace not to scold little girls for being “tomboys” but to scoff at little boys who play with dolls or ride girls’ bicycles.In the conversations that come up between friends, you sometimes hear the words “babe,” “broad,” and “chick.” These are words that are used in reference to or directed toward women. It is certainly the person’s right to use these words to reflect women, but why use them when there are so many more to choose from? Language is the most powerful tool of communication and the most effective tool of communication. It is also the most effective weapon of destruction.Although there are biases that exist in the English language, there has been considerable change toward recognizing these biases and making the necessary changes formally so that they will be implemented socially. It is necessary for people to make the proper adjustments internally to use appropriate language to effectively include both genders. We qualify language. It is up to us to decide what we will allow to be used and made proper in the area of language.语言中的性别偏见语言是一个非常强大的元素。
(完整版)Unit12ACaseof“SevereBias”课文翻译综合教程四
Unit 12A Case of "Severe Bias"Patricia Raybon1 This is who I am not. I am not a crack addict. I am not a welfare mother. I am not illiterate. I am not a prostitute. I have never been in jail. My children are not in gangs. My husband doesn’t beat me. My home is not a tenement. None of these things defines who I am, nor do they describe the other black people I’ve known and worked with and loved and befriended over these forty years of my life.2 Nor does it describe most of black America, period.3 Yet in the eyes of the American news media, this is what black America is: poor, criminal, addicted, and dysfunctional. Indeed, media coverage of black America is so one-sided, so imbalanced that the most victimized and hurting segment of the black community －a small segment, at best －is presented not as the exception but as the norm. It is an insidious practice, all the uglier for its blatancy.4 In recent months, I have observed a steady offering of media reports on crack babies, gang warfare, violent youth, poverty, and homelessness －and in most cases, the people featured in the photos and stories were black. At the same time, articles that discuss other aspects of American life －from home buying to medicine to technology to nutrition －rarely, if ever, show blacks playing a positive role, or for that matter, any role at all.5 Day after day, week after week, this message －that black America is dysfunctional and unwhole －gets transmitted across the American landscape. Sadly, as a result, America never learns the truth about what is actually a wonderful, vibrant, creative community of people.6 Most black Americans are not poor. Most black teenagers are not crack addicts. Most black mothers are not on welfare. Indeed, in sheer numbers, more white Americans are poor and on welfare than are black. Yet one never would deduce that by watching television or reading American newspapers and magazines.7 Why do the American media insist on playing this myopic, inaccurate picture game? In this game, white America is always whole and lovely and healthy, while black America is usually sick and pathetic and deficient. Rarely, indeed, is black America ever depicted in the media as functional and self-sufficient. The free press, indeed, as the main interpreter of American culture and American experience, holds the mirror on American reality －so much so that what the media say is is, even if it’s not that way at all. Themedia are guilty of a severe bias and the problem screams out for correction. It is worse than simply lazy journalism, which is bad enough; it is inaccurate journalism.8 For black Americans like myself, this isn’t just an issue of vanity －of wanting to be seen in a good light. Nor is it a matter of closing one’s eyes to the very real problems of the urban underclass －which undeniably is disproportionately black. To be sure, problems besetting the black underclass deserve the utmost attention of the media, as well as the understanding and concern of the rest of American society.9 But if their problems consistently are presented as the only reality for blacks, any other experience known in the black community ceases to have validity, or to be real. In this scenario, millions of blacks are relegated to a sort of twilight zone, where who we are and what we are isn’t based on fact but an image and perception. That’s what it feels like to be a black American whose lifestyle is outside of the aberrant behavior that the media present as the norm.10 For many of us, life is a curious series of encounters with white people who want to know why we are “different” from other blacks －when, in fact, most of us are only “different” from the now common negative images of black life. So pervasive are these images that they aren’t just perceived as the norm, they’re accepted as the norm.11 I am reminded, for example, of the controversial Spike Lee film Do the Right Thing and the criticism by some movie reviewers that the film’s ghetto neighborhood isn’t populated by addicts and drug pushers －and thus is not a true depiction.12 In fact, millions of black Americans live in neighborhoods where the most common sights are children playing and couples walking their dogs. In my own inner-city neighborhood in Denver －an area that the local press consistently describes as “gang territory” －I have yet to see a recognizable “gang” member or any “gang” activity (drug dealing or drive-by shootings), nor have I been the victim of “gang violence”.13 Yet to students of American culture －in the case of Spike Lee’s film, the movie reviewers － a black, inner-city neighborhood can only be one thing to be real: drug-infested and dysfunctioning. Is this my ego talking? In part, yes. For the millions of black people like myself －ordinary, hard-working, law-abiding, tax-paying Americans －the media’s blindness to the fact that we even exist, let alone to our contributions to American society, is a bitter cup to drink. And as self-reliant as most black Americans are －because we’ve had to be self-reliant －even the strongest among us still crave affirmation.14 I want that. I want it for my children. I want it for all the beautiful, healthy, funny, smart black Americans I have known and loved over the years.15 And I want it for the rest of America, too.16 I want America to know us －all of us －for who we really are. To see us in all of our complexity, our subtleness, our artfulness, our enterprise, our specialness, our loveliness, our American-ness. That is the real portrait of black America －that we’re strong people, surviving people, capable people. That may be the best-kept secret in America. If so, it’s time to let the truth be known.“强烈偏见”之实话实说帕特里夏·雷本1 我不是通常想象的那种黑人。
（完整版）Unit12ACaseof“SevereBias”习题答案综合教程四
（完整版）Unit12ACaseof“SevereBias”习题答案综合教程四Unit 12 A Case of "Severe Bias"Key to the ExercisesText comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.AII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T (Refer to Paragraph 3. In American news media, black America is poor, criminal, addicted and dysfunctional. Indeed, the media have covered only a small segment of the black community and presented it as the norm.)2. T (Refer to Paragraph 3, where it is said that "it is an insidious practice, all the uglier for its blatancy," meaning that the media's practice of misrepresenting black America is obtrusive and offensive.)3. F (Refer to Paragraph 4, where it is indicated that media reports on crack babies, gang warfare, violent youth, poverty and homelessness are all featured as black, while rarely is there any article about blacks playing a positive role, or any role at all.)4. F (Refer to Paragraphs 6?, where it is shown that in numbers there are more white Americans on welfare, but among the urban underclass there is a larger proportion of blacks.)5. F (Refer to Paragraph 12, in which the author tells us that she has not seen a recognizable "gang" member or any "gang" activity, nor has she been the victim of "gang violence.")6. F (Refer to Paragraphs 14?6, which show that blacks' truecharacteristics and contributions are the biggest secret in America. Every black, even those with the strongest minds, craves affirmation of their contributions to American society.) III. Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 3. It refers to the small group of blacks who are poor, criminal, addicted and dysfunctional.2. Refer to Paragraphs 3?, and 11. The author especially focuses on the news media, and she also touches upon the film industry.3. Refer to Paragraph 7. As presented in the media, white America is always whole and lovely and healthy, while black America is usually sick and pathetic and deficient.4. Refer to Paragraph 9. By "twilight zone," the author means that the image of black America is very confusing because of the discrepancy between its image in the media and its real character.5. Refer to Paragraph 12. According to the author, she has never experienced any"gang" activity in Denver, nor has she been the victim of "gang violence."6. Refer to Paragraphs 5?, and 13. Yes, news reports and journalism are always supposed to be the mirror on American reality.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. The media's malicious use of a small segment to represent all black America is shameless and offensive.2. The media are supposed to present American culture and American experience truthfully by reflecting American reality, and people usually accept news reports as truth without any doubt. Unfortunately, in many cases what they present is anything but the truth.3. The distorted, inaccurate news coverage is worse than covering nothing at all about blacks.4. I am not suggesting we close our eyes to the very real problems associated with the lower class in cities, nor denying that blacks are overrepresented in this class.5. Most black people work hard, obey the law and pay their taxes. We have made our contributions to American society, but the media never notice and cover it. That makes blacks resentful.Structural analysis of the textWith a series of sentences beginning with "I am not," the author shows how different the image of blacks established by the media is from reality. And using again the same sentence structure in Paragraph 6, the author emphasizes that she is not an exception but one of the majority of blacks. With this structural repetition, the author is comparing herself with the majority of blacks and contrasting the image of blacks in the media with that in real life.Rhetorical features of the textNor is it a matter of closing one's eyes to the very real problems of the urban underclass -- which undeniably is disproportionately black. (Interrupting a sentence)And as self-reliant as most black Americans are -- because we've had to be self-reliant -- even the strongest among us still crave affirmation. (Interrupting a sentence)I want America to know us -- all of us -- for who we really are. (Putting special emphasis) That is the real portrait of black America -- that we're strong people, surviving people, capable people. (Introducing an explanation)Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your ownwords.1. that's it2. supply3. people in the lowest social position4. hazy area; marginalized area5. independent; self-dependentII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase from the box in its appropriate form.1. are guilty of2. have been screaming out3. contribution4. was featured5. being reminded of6. in the light of7. in the eyes of8. deserving the attention ofIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. victim2. blatant3. nutritional4. Vibrations5. denial6. relegation7. aberration 8. addictiveIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. C2. D3. D4. A5. B6. A7. C8. BV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: favour (support)2. Antonym: balanced (fair, objective)3. Antonym: honest (straightforward, sincere)4. Synonym: impaired (harmed, incomplete)5. Synonym: serious6. Synonym: infer (derive, conclude, reason)7. Synonym: inexact (faulty, mistaken, erroneous)8. Antonym: elite (gentry)VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1. provides space for2. because of3. makes interesting4. protect5. competitive6. carefulGrammar exercisesI. Rewrite the following sentences, omitting if.1. Had it not been for our adopted son, we would not now be surrounded by caring strangers.2. Had I known that, I wouldn't have said anything.3. Should the guests arrive early, no one will be here to greetthem.4. Were I the President, I would make some changes.5. Had Susan not been so lazy, she could have passed her history final.6. Had Harry locked his door properly, the burglar would not have entered his apartment.7. Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.8. Should there be a global nuclear war, some scientists predict that life on earth as we know it would end forever.II. Complete the following sentences with the proper forms of the verbs in brackets.1. would not be waiting2. would not be able to go3. had read4. had given5. would love6. had finished7. listened8. would have fallen9. had been10. will not dry outIII. Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases given.1. Given2. unless3. In the event of4. but for5. Supposing6. in case7. on condition that8. so long asIV. Explain the following sentences.1. If he laughs last, he laughs best.2. If you try to grasp everything, you will get nothing.3. If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.4. If he had been born in better times, he would have done credit to the profession of letters.5. If the same thing should happen in wartime, it would amount to disaster.6. If you should hear him talk, you'd think he had passed half his life in Australia.7. If you don't follow your doctor's advice, your cough will get worse.8. If you lose one hour in the morning, you will be looking for it the rest of the day.V. Improve the following sentences.1. The sheriff was looking for a middle-aged woman drivinga dark green Buick sedan with a little Scotch terrier beside her.2. To start a conversation, I asked her for a light while waiting for the train.3. Seymour lay in a hammock and watched the vultures circling steadily overhead.4. Filled with eagerness, curiosity, and excitement, Nancy carefully unwrapped the small package.5. We watched with the aid of powerful binoculars the gulls flying over the windswept waves and barren rocks.6. The pair of antique candlesticks shining brightly on the table attracted the admiring glances of many visitors.7. With a smile the doctor said that there was nothing seriously wrong. / The doctor said with a smile that there wasnothing seriously wrong.8. When discussing creativity, John E. Gibson stresses a person's ability to finish a pun.VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.(Reference version)1. As sick as he was, he came to work.2. Visitors and the media teams all gathered to commemorate this breath-taking, record-breaking, epoch-making event.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 这些都不能用来界定我，也不能描述我40年生命中认识、共事、热爱、交往的任何其他黑人。
Unit 12 A Case of “Severe Bias”Teaching plan综合教程四
UNIT 12 A CASE OF “SEVERE BIAS”Cultural background1. The black middle classThe black middle class, within the United States, refers to African Americans who occupy a middle class status within the American class structure, those who own their own home or small business, and by the strictest definition, those with a degree from college.2. Challenges facing the black middle class●Downward mobility: 45% of children from a black middle class family end up “nearpoor”, while16% of children from a white middle class family end up “near poor”.●Financial crisis: 33% of the black middle class was in danger of falling out of themiddle class atthe start of the recession.3. Comments● The best guarantee of durable, amicable race relations in America is the continued growth of a strong, self-confident black middle class.—The Times ●There is little doubt that middle-class black America is 30－40 years ahead of us back inBlighty (a slang referring to Britain).—The Guardian Text IA CASE OF “SEVERE BIAS”Patricia RaybonGlobal ReadingI. IntroductionThis selection originally appeared in Newsweek, 1989. In the text the author contrasts media images of black Americans with the reality of their lives, emphasizing what black Americans are not.II. Structural analysis of the textThe text can be divided into the following three parts:Part I (Paragraphs 1 – 3): This part brings up the topic that the media have distorted the image of black Americans out of a severe bias, and most blacks, including the author herself, are not at all like what is depicted in the media.Part II (Paragraphs 4 –13):This part gives a detailed description of the fact that the media have presented a biased image of black America and transmitted it to the whole country as the norm.Part III (Paragraphs 14 – 16): The author calls for action to correct the distorted media image of blacks and make blacks and their contributions to American society recognized. Detailed ReadingQuestions1. What is the image of black people in the American news media? (Paragraph 3)Answer: They are depicted as poor, criminal, addicted and dysfunctional.2. Why do the American media insist on playing this myopic, inaccurate picture game? (Paragraph 7)Answer: Because they have a severe bias against black people and create a bad image of them.3. What are the problems of the urban black underclass? (Paragraph 8)Answer: Poverty, crime, addiction and dysfunctional relationships.4. What does the author mean by the phrase “twilight zone”? (Paragraphs 9)Answer: “Twilight zone” refers to a gray area, a border in-between two or more things that is unclearly defined, a border that is hard to define or even impossible to define. Here the author means that the image of blacks remains unclear, because of the discrepancy between the image depicted by the media and the image in reality.5. Why does the author think it is necessary to have a real portrait of black America? (Paragraphs 16)Answer: It is because black people deserve an objective and truthful evaluation of their contribution to American society and history. They can no longer bear a distorted image based on a severe racial bias.Text IITHAT WORD BLACKLangston HughesLead-in Questions1)What does the word “black” mean to you?a.unlucky, unfortunate, such as “the black Friday”b.evil, malicious, such as “black-hearted”c.good, fortunate, such as “the black figure”d.nothing special2)Can you recall some important figures fighting for the equality of African Americans?e.g. Martin Luther King, Barack Hussein Obama IIMain ideaNotes1. About the text －It is taken from Simple Speaks His Mind (1950), Hughes’s most popular and beloved fictional creation.2. About the author－James Mercer Langston Hughes (1902－1967) was an Americanpoet, novelist, playwright, short story writer, and columnist. He is best-known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.3. But what you really ought to have is a soap-box out on the corner of 126th and Lenox where the rest of the orators hang out. (Paragraph 2) －But what you really need is to go to the corner of 126th street and Lenox to express your opinions on a temporary platform, along with the other speakers there.4. the N.A.A.C.P.(Paragraph 3) －the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a civil rights organization for ethnic minorities in the U.S.5. Don’t let one cross your path!(Paragraph 3) －Don’t allow bad luck befall you! Black cats have been historically referred to as symbols of bad luck and portents of doom and destruction.6. a blacklist (Paragraph 4) －a list of people who are considered to be unacceptable and should not be trusted7. blackballed (Paragraph 4) －excluded by a negative vote8. If you kept a skeleton in your closet, you might get blackmailed. (Paragraph 4) －If you had a personal secret, you might be forced to give others money or do something for others.9. … no wonder there ain’t no equal rights for the black man (Paragraph 4) －…no wonder there are no equal rights for the American blacks.10. Black Hand Society (Paragraph 5) －a crime organization which obtains money byblackmailing others. The term “Black Hand” came into use because the extortion letters usually contained a drawing of a black hand and other evil symbols such as a dagger and skull and crossbones.11. Jim Crow (Paragraph 8) －the laws and policies formerly used in the U.S. to treatblack people unfairly and to keep them apart from white people. Here it is used as a verb.12. basketball fix (Paragraph 8) －secretly bribing players to lose a match13. F. D. (Paragraph 10) －Defender of the Faith, a title of English monarchs since HenryVIII, who received it from Pope Leo X as a reward for writing against Luther Additional notes1.the corner of 126th and Lenox(Paragraph 2) －Lenox Avenue, an extension ofSixth Avenue, has always played an important role in the history of Harlem. On the corner of 125th Street and Lenox Avenue, black leaders like Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X would share their message of change with passing Harlemites. Back during Harlem’s heyday, an impromptu Sunday parade would take place from 125th Street to 135th Street.2.black magic(Paragraph 5) －a type of magic that is believed to use invisible evilspirits to do harmful things3.… she did not burn no black candles (Paragraph 6) －(Black English) she did notburn black candles. In vernacular Black English, double negation is used to express negation.4. a black mark (Paragraph 7) －(informal) a mark made when people notice andremember something which one has done wrong or failed to do5.Wait till my day comes. (Paragraph 9) －Wait till I have my say over how thingsshould be.6.He did not make us no badder than the rest of the folks. (Paragraph 10) －Wewere created equal to the rest of the folks.Questions for discussion1.What does Hughes mean by saying “But what you really ought to have is a soap-box outon the corner of 126th and Lenox where the rest of the orators hang out”?2.How are the examples of black related to the theme of the article?3.Why did Simple want to replace all the expressions including black with white?4.Why does the writer end the article with a question “What is wrong with black”?5.Do you think blacks still suffer from prejudice in the U.S. today?Key to questions for discussion1. He wants to make it clear to the readers that the issues of American blacks should bemade well known to everyone in the country, including the whites.2. These examples, though superficially unrelated to the theme that the American black isprejudiced against, are actually deep-rooted conceptions of American culture. They are also used to show that the word black itself is innocent, and it is the people who associate this word with negative implications that are guilty.3. Simple’s logic is just as simple as his name. He thinks that with the change of words, theblack can be equal with the white.4. By asking this question at the end of the article, the author wants to draw the readers’attention to the theme of the article once more: black people still suffer from racial discrimination even though they have gained equal rights on paper.5. Open to discussion.Memorable quotesPrejudices are what fools use for reason.－Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (1694－1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade.All colours will agree in the dark.－Francis Bacon Francis Bacon, (1561－1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist and author. He was extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.Questions for discussion:1)Share the possible prejudices you may hold with your classmates and discuss them.2)No color bears a definitely positive or negative meaning. Share with your classmates yourknowledge about different colors, particularly the culture indication behind them. Guidance1)Prejudices are very difficult to be discovered. First talk about someone or something youhate and then let your classmates judge whether you are holding a prejudice or not.e.g. Traffic congestion in Beijing is the worst in China. People spend much more time toand from work on the way in this city. What do you think?2)Colors bear a lot of meanings both in China and western countries. You can use this as anentry point for the question.e.g. I believe, generally speaking, the color “red” has more positive meanings in Chinesethan it does in English. In China, we have phrases like “red lantern”, “red egg” while in western countries they have “red hand”, “red ink”, etc.。