[设计]朗文词典注释所用2000核心词汇集

[设计]朗文词典注释所用2000核心词汇集The Longman Defining Vocabulary

Words used in the definitions in this dictionary

All the definitions in this dictionary have been written using the words in this list. If a definition includes a word that is not in the list, that word is shown in small capital letters.

The Defining Vocabulary has been carefully chosen after a thorough study of all the well-known frequency lists of English words. Furthermore, only the most common and ‘entral’ meanings of the words in the list have actually been used in definitions. We have also used a special computer program that checks every entry to ensure that words from outside the Defining Vocabulary do not appear in definitions.

Word class restrictions

For some words in the list, a word class label such as n or adj is shown. This means that this particular word is used in definitions only in the word class shown. So anger, for example, is used only as a noun and not as a verb. But if no word class is shown for a word, it can be used in any of its usual word classes: answer, for example, is used in definitions both as a noun and as a verb.

Compound words

Definitions occasionally include compound words formed from words in the Defining Vocabulary, but this is only done if the meaning is

completely clear. For example, the word businessman (formed from

business and man) is used in some definitions.

Prefixes and suffixes

The main list is followed by a list of common prefixes and suffixes. These can be added to words in the main list to form derived words, provided the meaning is completely clear. For example, the word nervousness (formed by adding -ness to nervous) is used in some definitions.

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs formed by combining words in the Defining Vocabulary (for example, put up with) are not used in definitions in the dictionary, except in a very small number of cases where the phrasal verb is extremely common and there is no common equivalent. So, for example,

give up (as in give up smoking) and take off (as in the plane took off) are occasionally used.

Proper names

The Defining Vocabulary does not include the names of actual places, nationalities, religions, and so on, which are occasionally mentioned in definitions.

Pearson Education Limited 1999

a affect abbreviation afford ability afraid able after adv, conj,

prep about afternoon above adv, prep afterwards abroad again absence against absent adj age n accept ago acceptable agree accident agreement

accidental ahead according to aim account n air n achieve aircraft achievement airport acid alcohol across alive act all adv, pron, determiner, pre-determiner

action allow active almost activity alone actor, actress along actual alphabet actually already add also addition although additional always address among adjective amount n admiration amuse admire amusement admit amusing adult an advanced ancient adj advantage and adventure n anger n adverb angle n advertise angry advertisement animal advice announce advise annoy affair annoying

another article answer artificial

as anxiety

as opposed to anxious

any ashamed anyone ask anything asleep anywhere association apart at apartment atom appear attack appearance attempt apple attend approval attention approve attitude area attract argue attractive argument authority arm n autumn army available around average adj, n arrange avoid arrangement awake adj arrival away adv arrive awkward art

beach n B beak baby beam n back adj, adv, n bean background bear beat backward(s) adv

beautiful bad

bag n beauty bake v because balance become ball n bed band n beer bank n before bar n begin base n, v beginning basic behave behaviour basket

behind adv, prep bath n

battle n belief be believe

bell bottle n belong bottom n

bowl n below

box n belt n

bend boy beneath brain n beside(s) branch n best brave adj better adj, adv bread between break v beyond adj, adv breakfast n bicycle n breast big adj breath bill breathe bird breed birth brick bit bridge n bite bright bitter adj bring black adj, n broad adj blade broadcast v blame brother blind adj brown adj, n block brush blood build v blow building blue bullet board n burn boat burst v body bury boil bus bomb bush bone n business book n busy boot n but conj border n butter n bored button n boring buy v born by prep borrow both

cake n calm adj calculate camera call v camp n, v

can chocolate cap choice n

choose capital n

church n car

card cigarette care cinema careful circle n careless circular adj carriage citizen carry city case n claim v castle class n cat clay catch v clean adj, v cattle clear adj, v cause clever ceiling cliff celebrate climb v cell clock n central close adj, adv, v centre n cloth century clothes ceremony clothing certain adj, determiner cloud n chain n club n chair n coal chance n coast n change coat n character coffee charge coin

n chase v cold adj, n cheap collar n cheat v collect v check college cheek n colour cheerful comb cheese combination chemical combine v chemistry come cheque comfort chest comfortable chicken command chief committee child common adj children communicate chin communication company cough compare v could

council n comparison

count v compete

competition country n competitor countryside complain courage complaint course n complete court n completely cover complicated cow n compound n crack n, v computer crash n, v concern v crazy concerning cream n concert creature condition n crime confidence criminal confident criticism confuse criticize confusing crop n connect cross n, v connection crowd conscious cruel consider crush v consist cry contain cup n container cupboard ccure ontinue

continuous curl contract n current n

curtain n control

curve conversation

cook n, v custom n copy customer

cut corn

cycle v corner n

correct adj, v

cost

cotton

daily adj, adv dangerous damage dark dance date n danger daughter day difference dead adj different

difficult deal n

difficulty deal with

death dig v

debt dinner decay direct deceive direction decide dirt decision

dirty adj decorate disappoint decoration disappointing decrease discover deep adj discovery defeat discuss defence discussion defend disease n definite dish n definitely dismiss degree distance delay distant deliberate adj divide deliberately do v

delicate doctor n deliver document n demand dog n department dollar depend door dependent double adj, v, pre-determiner depth doubt describe down adv, prep description draw v desert n drawer deserve dream design dress n, v desirable drink desire drive n, v desk drop destroy drug n destruction drum n detail n drunk pastpart, adj determination dry determined duck n develop dull adj dictionary during die v dust n duty

each engine eager engineer n ear enjoy early enjoyable earn enjoyment earth n enough east enter eastern entertain easy adj entertainment eat entrance n economic envelope edge n environment educate equal adj, n educated equipment education escape effect n especially effective establish effort even adj, adv egg evening eight event either ever elbow every elect v everyone election everything

electric everywhere electricity evil electronic exact adj else exactly embarrass examination embarrassing examine emotion example emphasize excellent employ v except conj, prep employer exchange employment excite empty adj, v exciting enclose excuse encourage exercise end exist enemy existence energy expect

expensive express v experience expression explain extreme adj explanation extremely explode eye explosion

explosive

face field n fact fifth factory fight

figure n fail v

fill vfailure fair adj film fairly final adj faith finally faithful adj financial fall find v false find out familiar fine adj family finger n famous finish v far fire farm firm adj farmer first adj, determiner fashion n fish fashionable fit adj, v fast adj, adv five fasten fix v

fat flag n father n flame n fault n flash n, v favourable flat adj favourite adj flesh fear n flight feather n float v feature n flood feed v floor n feel v flour n feeling(s) flow female flower n fence n fly n, v fever fold few follow

fond freeze v food frequent adj foot n fresh football friend for

prep friendly force frighten foreign frightening foreigner from forest n front adj, n forget fruit n forgive full adj fork n fun form funeral formal funny former fur n fortunate furniture forward(s) adv further adj, adv four(th) future frame n

free

freedom

gain v gold game n good garage n goodbye garden goods gas n govern gate government gather v graceful general adj gradual generally grain generous gram gentle grammar gentleman grand adj get grandfather gift grandmother girl grandparent give v grass n glad grateful glass adj, n grave n glue great adj go v green goat greet god greeting grey adj, n guest n ground n guide

guilty group n

gun n grow

growth

guard v

guess v

habit high adj, adv hair hill half him

himself hall

his hammer n

hand n historical handle history hang v hit happen v hold v happy hole hard holiday n hardly hollow adj harm holy harmful home adv, n hat honest hate v honour n hatred hook n have hope he hopeful head n horn health horse n healthy hospital hear hot adj heart hotel heat hour heaven house n heavy adj how adv heel n human height humorous hello

humour help hundred(th) helpful hungry her(s) hunt v here hurry herself hurt v hide v husband n

ice n inner idea insect if inside ignore instead ill adj institution illegal instruction illness instrument image insult v

imaginary insulting imagination insurance imagine insure immediately intelligence importance intelligent important intend impressive

intention improve interest improvement interesting in adv, prep international adj include interrupt including into income introduce increase introduction independent invent indoor(s) invitation industrial invite v

industry involve infect inwards infection iron adj, n infectious island influence v it pron

inform its

information itself injure

injury

ink n

jaw joke jewel journey n jewellery judge job judgement join juice joint jump

just adv

justice

keen kitchen keep v knee n key n kneel kick knife n kill v knock v kilo knot kilogram know v kilometre knowledge kind

king

kiss

lack legal

lend lady

length adv, pron, determiner lake

lamb less lamp lesson land let v language let go of large letter

last adv, determiner level adv, adj, n

late library lately lid laugh lie laughter lie down law life lawyer lift lay v light layer n like prep, v lazy likely lead v limit leaf n line n lean v lion learn lip least liquid leather list n leave v listen v left literature leg n litre

little loss live v lot load loud local adj love lock low adj lonely lower long adj, adv loyal look n, v loyalty look after luck n look for lucky look sth up lung loose adj

lord n

lose

machine n meal machinery mean v magazine meaning n magic means mail measure main adj measurement make v meat make into medical adj make up v medicine male meet v man n meeting manage melt manager member manner memory many mental map n mention v march v message mark metal n

method market n

marriage metre married middle marry might v mass n mile match

miliary adj material n milk n mathematics million(th) matter mind may v mine n, pron me mineral

minister n motor adj, n minute n mountain mirror n mouse miss v mouth n mist n move v mistake n movement mix v much mixture mud model n multiply modern adj murder moment muscle n money music monkey n musician month must v moon n my moral adj mysterious more mystery morning most

mother n

nail new name news narrow adj newspaper nasty next adj, adv nation nice national adj night natural adj nine nature ninth navy no adv, determiner

near adj, adv, prep noise n nearly none pron neat nonsense necessary no one neck nor need normal needle n north negative adj northern neither nose n nerve n not nervous note n net n nothing network n notice never noticeable

noun nurse now nut nowhere

number n

obey opponent object n opportunity obtain oppose occasion n as opposed to ocean opposite o’clock opposition of or

off adv, prep orange offence order offend ordinary offensive adj organ offer organize office organization officer origin official

original often other oil n ought old our(s) old-fashioned out adj, adv on adv, prep outdoor(s) once adv outer one outside onion over adv, prep only owe only just own onto owner open adj, v oxygen operate operation

opinion

pack v painting package pair n page n pale adj pain n pan n painful paper n paint parallel adj, n

parent piece n park pig n

pile n parliament

pilot n part n

participle pin particular adj pink adj, n partly pipe n partner n

pity party n place pass v plain adj, n passage plan passenger plane n past plant path plastic patient adj plate n pattern n play pause pleasant pay please payment pleased peace pleasure n peaceful plenty pron pen n plural pence pocket n pencil n poem people n poet pepper n poetry per cent point perfect adj pointed perform poison performance poisonous perhaps pole n period n police n permanent polish v permission polite person political personal politician persuade politics pet n pool n petrol poor photograph popular phrase n population physical adj port n piano n position n pick vpositive

pick up possess picture n possession

possible adj probably adj possibly problem

process n possibility

produce v post

pot n product potato production pound n profession pour profit n powder n programme power n progress n powerful promise practical pronounce practice pronunciation practise proof n praise proper pray property prayer proposal prefer protect preparation protection prepare protective present adj, n protest preserve v proud president prove press v provide pressure n public pretend pull pretty adj pump prevent punish previous punishment price n pupil priest pure prince purple principle purpose n print push prison put prisoner

private adj

prize n

quality question quantity quick adj quarrel quiet adj, n quarter n quite queen n

rabbit n remain race remark n radio n remember railway remind rain remove v raise v rent range n repair rank n repeat v rapid adj replace rare reply rat n report rate n represent rather representative n raw request n reach v respect react responsible reaction rest read v restaurant ready adj restrict real result realize return n, v really reward reason rice reasonable rich receive rid recent ride recently

right adj, adv, n recognize ring n record n, v rise red risk reduce

river reduction road refusal rob refuse v rock n regard v roll v regular adj romantic adj related roof n relative room n relation root n relationship rope n relax rose relaxing rough adj religion round adj, adv, prep

religious row

royal adj ruler rub v run

rush v rubber

rude

ruin v

rule

sad sensitive safe adj sentence n safety separate adv, v sail series sale serious salt n servant same serve sand n service n satisfaction set n, v satisfactory settle v satisfy seven(th) save v several say v severe scale n sex n scatter v sexual scene shade school n shadow n science shake scientific shall scientist shame n scissors shape screen n share screw sharp adj sea she search sheep season n sheet seat shelf second adv, n, determiner shell n secret shelter secretary shine v see v shiny seed n ship n seem shirt sell v shock n, v send shocking sense n shoe n sensible shoot v

shop smell shore n smile

smoke short adj

smooth adj shot n

should snake n shoulder n snow shout so show n, v soap n shut social adj shy society sick adj sock n side n soft sideways soil n sight n soldier n sign solid signal solution silence n solve silent some pron, determiner

silk somehow silly someone silver something similar sometimes simple somewhere since son sincere n song sing soon single adj sore adj singular sorry sink v sort n sister soul sit sound n, v situation soup six(th) sour adj size n south skilful southern skill space n skin n speak skirt n special adj sky n specific sleep speech slide v speed n slight adj spell v slippery spend slope spin v slow spirit n small in spite of

split v string n spoil v strong

structure n spoon n

struggle sport n

spot n student spread v study

stupid spring

style n square adj, n

stage n subject n stair substance

succeed stamp

stand v success standard successful

such star n

suck vstart state sudden statement suffer station n sugar n stay suggest steady adj suit steal v suitable steam n sum n steel n summer steep adj sun n stem n supply n, v step support n, v stick suppose

sticky sure adj stiff adj surface n still adj, adv surprise sting surprising stitch surround v stomach n swallow v stone n swear stop sweep v store sweet storm n swell v story swim straight adj, adv swing strange sword stream n sympathetic street sympathy strength system stretch v

strict

strike v

table n third tail n this pron, determiner take v thorough talk

those tall though taste thought tax thousand(th) taxi n thread n tea threat teach threaten team n threatening tear three technical throat telephone through adv, prep television throw tell thumb n temper n

ticket n temperature tidy adj, v temporary tie ten tight adj tend time n tendency tired tennis tiring tense n title tent to terrible tobacco test today than toe n thank together that conj, pron, determiner toilet the tomorrow theatre tongue their(s) tonight them too then adv tool n there tooth therefore top adj, n these total adj, n they touch thick adj tourist thief towards thin adj tower n thing town think v toy n track n trouble trade n trousers

true adj traditional

trust traffic n

train truth training try v translate tube transparent tune n trap turn travel twice treat v twist treatment two tree type n tribe typical trick n, v tyre trip n

tropical

ugly up adj, adv, prep

upper under prep

upright adj, adv understand

underwear upset v, adj undo upside down unexpected upstairs adj, adv uniform n urgent union us unit use unite useful universe useless university usual unless

until

unusual

valley victory valuable adj view n value n village variety violence various violent vegetable visit vehicle voice n verb vote very adv vowel W

wages whip waist whistle wait v white wake v who walk whole wall n whose war n why adv, conj warm adj, v wide adj, adv

width warmth

warn wife warning wild adj, adv

will wash

willing waste

watch win v water wind

window wave

wine n way

we wing n

winter weak

wire n wealth

weapon wise adj wear v wish weather n with weave v within wedding without week woman weekly adj, adv wood weigh wooden weight n wool welcome word n well adj, adv, n work west world western adj worry wet adj worse what pre-determiner, determiner, pron worst whatever worth wheat would wheel n wound when adv, conj wrap v whenever wrist where write whether wrong adj, adv, n

which

while conj

year young adj yellow your(s) yes

yet

you

zero