语法填空与短文改错格式
短文改错答题技巧总结
短文改错答题技巧总结一、明确考点：1、连词。
2、单词变化。
3、冠词填写。
4、固定用法。
5、时态、语态。
6、代词、介词填空。
7、重点语法。
8、词义复现。
二、技巧分布列举：1、连词填空。
在语法填空中，需要填写连词的有两种情况，第一种是简单句连词填空，另一种则是从句连词填空。
常见的有以下几种情况：①当遇到A do B C do D，若前句与后句之间的成分完整，那么这就是简单句连词填空→考虑前句与后句的关系（并列、因果、转折、递进）→选择相应连词→完成。
上述涉及连词总结（以下连词仅仅是试题中出现概率极高的连词，不排除其他有相同用法的连词）：并列：and。
因果：so，therefore，because。
[注意：so后面直接加句子，而therefore与句子之间需要加“，”]转折：but，however，instead。
[注意：but后面直接加句子，而however与句子之间需要加“，”]递进：besides。
[注意：however与句子之间需要加“，”]②当遇到A do B C do D，但后句成分不完整（缺主语、宾语、地点壮语、时间状语等），那么这就是从句连词填空→考虑前句中的名词（先行词）与后句的关系（主语、宾语、状语）→选择相应连词→完成。
上述涉及连词总结（以下连词仅仅是试题中出现概率极高的连词，不排除其他有相同用法的连词）：主语：that。
[注意：当先行词为不定代词（all、nothing等）、最高级时一定用that]宾语：which，whom。
[注意：在从句开头或末尾出现介词，必定用这两个连词]时间状语：when,at which,on which,in which,during which等。
地点壮语：where，in which,at which等。
③当遇到A do B，（C）do D，一般暗示你这是非限制性定语从句，这时就根据前后句的关系来判断连词（一般填which，where，when，有的时候填as）。
高考语法倒装句含语法填空和短文改错考点预测
高考英语语法倒装句（含高考语法填空和短文改错考点预测）【高考考点透析】高考语法填空主要结合谓语动词考查完全倒装中的主谓一致，以与部分倒装中放在主语之前的助动词、情态动词、动词；高考短文改错也从这两个方面来考查。
（一）语法填空【高考题预测】1. .2. .3. .4. , .5. , .6 ’s ’t , .7. .8 （）,9 , （） .答案与解析：1 位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，此处指过去所发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故答案为。
2句意：只有用这种方式你才能学好英语。
“状语”位于句首时，该句用部分倒装，根据句意需用情态动词。
3. 在 .. 句子结构中，和其所修饰的词置于句首时，要用部分倒装。
4. 句意：如果明天下雨, 我们就不去远足. = .5. 句意：虽然听起来很奇怪，他的观点在会上得到了所有人的认可。
引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序。
6. 前一个句子是否定句，故使用表示“也不”。
7. 句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室时她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
“状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装形式。
8 表示方位的地点状语提前，句子用完全倒装，是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用。
9. 副词提前，句子用完全倒装，时态是一般过去时，因此谓语动词用。
（二）短文改错【高考题预测】1 a a2, !3 ’s .4 .5 , .6 , .7. ’t .答案与解析：1 –主语a 是第三人称单数。
2. 副词放在句首且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装结构，由可知指代复数内容，故谓语动词用复数形式。
3. 去掉表地点的介词短语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装结构，谓语动词放到主语’s 前面，助动词多余。
4. 不能和连用，根据语境用一般将来时，因此要用。
5. 之前加否定词置于句首，句子用部分倒装，根据后面的时态，要用一般现在时，要用助动词构成部分倒装。
6. —前一个分句用了动词，因此后一个倒装句中要用助动词构成部分倒装。
7. 句意：简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。
2021届高三 语法填空+短文改错专题(一)
第一部分语法填空体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自我－运动时微笑的作用词数：182 难度：中Many athletes have been told that smiling while1（sweat) will make theirefforts feel easier. A marathon runner smiled widely through the final miles of his fastest-ever marathon; afterward, hesaid what he had hoped2 （be) that the smiling would relax him to the finish line. But there has been little solidscientific evidence to support this idea. In recent years several studies3 (examine)whether deliberately smilingcan make changes to how people feel psychologically during races.4 few have looked at the physical effect5 sports performance.Researchers decided 6 (gather) a group of experienced recreational runners and have them alternately smilebroadly as they ran. Many of the runners found it difficult to smile throughout the whole session,though. Their smiles 7 （increase) fixed and unnatural. Such false smiles make 8 （few) facial muscles(肌肉）startworking than the sincere version and most likely result in less 9 （relax) and performance improvement. So thebecamekey to using a happy smile to make you10 better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a race's end,but in 30-second bursts,rather than constantly.创新练高分必抢创新素材：塑料银行体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自然－塑料银行词数：223 难度：中David Katz was upset by all the plastic going into the ocean.Tohelp solve the problem,ha had a 1 (create )idea ---to treat plastic like money.Mr .Katz calls his idea ＂Plastic Bank". The goal of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help people solve the problems2（gradual). ThePlastic Bank adds a value to plastic waste by paying people to recycle it.The program began in 2015 in Haiti, a poor island nation with many 3 （problem) of waste plastic. ThePlastic Bank has 30 "markets" in Haiti. Al the Plastic Bank markets,people can exchange the plastic they've collected for 4 they need. The Plastic Bank markets sell lots of hings that local people need. The stores also allowplastic collectors to use the money they earn to pay 5 health care or school.To make sure that the plastic 6 (recycle), the Plastic Bank works with partners, who agree 7 （use)the plastic that is collected. When customers buy these products, which are labeled "Social Plastic",they know thatthey are both helping people in other parts of the world 8 keeping plastic out of the ocean. So far, the PlasticBank 9 （keep) about 7 million pounds of plastic out of the ocean. It makes a great10 （contribute) to theocean.体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会－机器人词数：213 难度：中［名师原创题］Modern-day robots are programmed to handle tasks that are1（normal) carried out byhumans.They are faster and 2 (accurate)than human workers and never ask for a pay rise or take breaks! Robotsare also able to work in dangerous situations.Researchers at the University of Arkansas in the United States say that the mobile robots which 3 （create)already are ideal for the job of hospital attendants.These mobile robots store a 4 （detail) map of the hospital intheir memory. The robots' sensors can detect 5 (barrier) and quickly get out ofthe way. Although these robotscannot go up and down stairs, they know 6 to press a button of an elevator.Researchers at a Massachusetts' university are creating a robot that can constantly change its shape according to 7 task it has to do. These robots are called polymorphic robots. "Polymorphic" 8 （mean) the ability to takedifferent forms. A 3D printer is placed inside the robot to create the desired shape. The entire process of9 （change) forms in this manner is called the rapid printing technology which is fairly common in the car industry toproduce complex 3D structures quickly. Once the robot has performed its task, it can be melted down and recycled intoanother useful part10 the 3D printer.体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我－有关收纳的建议和理念词数：246 难度：中［重庆市高2020届高三学业质量调研抽测］Marie Kondo is1internationally-known expert on organizingthings. Her first book, 2 （call)The Life-changing Magic of Tidying Up:The Japanese Art of Decluttering andOrganizing,was published in Japanese in 2011. 3 has sold more than 10 million copies in more than 40 countries.Yet fans want more help and 4 (inform).So Kondo is launching a television show -a team of workers willvisit clients' homes with a set of special paper boxes 5 (keep)things organized. A set of three boxes costs $ 89.Kondo says the boxes were not part of her 6 （origin) idea. In her book about tidying up,she gave two mainpieces of advice.First,only keep things that give you joy. Second,store those things in place so that they can be 7 （easy) reached and put away.Kondo did not tell readers to get special containers 8 their things.Instead,she suggested people use containersthey already had,such as shoeboxes.But fans still ask Kondo what kinds of containers they need to achieve her special way of organizing things.So Kondo recently appeared in New York City to launch her new boxes. They have the same shape and size asshoeboxes.They 9 （color) light pink,gray,brown and purple. The inside parts are painted with designs such as atree branch dotted with small white flowers.Kondo10 （say) the idea behind the boxes is not to hide things. Instead,it is to make the things inside feelhappy.创新练高分必抢创新素材：中国首座野生动物迁徙立交桥体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自然－中国首座野生动物迁徙立交桥词数：198难度：中［名师原创题］China's first overpass for wildlife migtation(迁徒）has already come into use. The bridge1. (lie)over the newly constructed National Highway 216 is able to link animal habitats separated by the road.2（cover）with sand-much like the surrounding land, the overpass can fit in with the environment well.It's about two years since the national highway3（begin)and it is designed with environmental protection asa top priority. A project environmental engineer for the highway said they based the construction of theseman-madecorridors(通道） 4 years of observation of wildlife migration in the region. The bridge, for example, is builtaccording to the region's natural conditions and with 5 purpose of reducing the highway's effect on the animalssignificantly. Wildlife overpasses and underpasses assist animals 6 （safe)crossing over or under busy roadwaysand allow them to continue to use their customary paths, 7 would otherwise be blocked.Those passageways,with a total 8 （long) of 59 kilometers,enable antelopes and other animals to cross therailway freely. So far, China has put great effort into achieving 9 （harmony) coexistence between humandevelopment and the protection of wildlife. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the world's 10 （high) railroad, has 33underpasses for migrating animals.体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会－校车颜色的由来词数：193 难度：中［名师原创题］Back in April,1939 1 Frank Cyr, a university professor, took a tour of ten states, he foundthat student transportation was in a sorry state - many students had no 2 （rely) way to get to school and the oneswho got to school often traveled in unsafe buses.3（see) a need to fix this problem, Cyr organized a meeting, one that would change the future of schoolbuses forever. School officials and transportation specialists gathered 4 (set) much-needed standards for buses,including those for color, 5 (high), and width as well as safety rules which had never been set by state.There were many different bus colors in the United States before this conference. Cyr presented his new idea6 education officials-lemon yellow or deep orange-red.The matter was settled quickly. Yellow,or "NationalSchool Bus Glossy Yellow" ,7 （choose) for being easily seen from a distance. People also found that itemphasized(使突出）the black writing on8 body of each bus telling its destination. These were consideredimportant factors(因素）for vehicles that traveled during early morning and late afternoon9 （hour).Thirty-fivestates made the changes 10 （immediate),and every state was on board by 1974.第二部分短文改错突破练保分必拿Passage 1 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我－踢足球词数：95 难度：中I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was inprimary school,I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hitme.Istopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net. Allthe football player on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football. From now on,I started to playmy football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.Passage 2 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我－100天养成一个好习惯词数：119 难度：中Last term our class hold a meaningful activity which required us toform the good habit in 100 days.I paired up with my deskmate. First,we discussed what habit that we should develop.All of us agreed to read for half an hour each day.Then we made a list of the books we wereinterested.From then on,we managed to spare half an hour every day to reading books,however busy we were. Beside,we took a lot of notesand often exchanged idea.In the end,we accomplished our goal of reading for 100 days.How proudly we were! Moreimportantly, due to the activity,reading books have become an essential part of our life.During the holiday,I tried a new way to explore the Forbidden City,where left me with deep impression. To avoid waste time buying a ticket on the spot,I made a reservation online.I gotmy ticket from a machine without difficulty and start the exploration.I was deep attracted by the grand architecture. Tomy excited,I could scan the QR codes to get detailed informations. With the VR glasses on,I even found me back tothe time when the palace was under construction.How impressive! I found the Forbidden City both traditional ormodern because of our history is made alive here.创新设题：Passage 5 涉及强调句的用法创新素材：大学专业比大学名字更重要Passage 4 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我－中国历史文化词数：107难度：中［名师原创题］I love to go sightseeing worldwide, always absorbing in the culture of every county I visil Therefore, one place hat gets me truly attracted by its culture is in China, my homeland. China hasgreat practices and beliefs. If you come to a country,outstanding Chinese manner will somewhat be passed on to you. China also famous for the history that dated from the 27th century BC and deserves to be read seriously. I’ve known much interesting facts about the history ever since I visited Beijing and Xi'an. All in all, China really owns some kind of magic,what makes people crazy about everything related to them.Passage 5 体裁：议论文主题语境：人与社会－大学专业比大学名字更重要词数：119 难度：难［名师原创题］As a would-be college student, I believe college majors are important than college names. First,basing the choice of your college on personal interests fuel a strong motivation for your studies. Thus, you had better tofollow your heart, since it is the areas you aim to pursue where drive you to work hard. The second reason is that yourmajor which is close connected with the future job gives you an advantage on others when you apply for a job.Masteringskills in the specific field will make you competitive. Besides, it will enable you to go further or deeper. Promisingcollege major can add wings to professional prospects. So equip you with skills needed from now on.Passage 6 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我－邀请朋友听音乐会词数：108 难度：中［名师原创题］Hi,Mike. How are you going to celebrate your birthday the next month? If you hadn't arrangedanything,come to the concert holding by my favorite band in the city stadium. I'm sure you will not regret it. Theconcert will be Sunday. Clearly it will be a hit,because the ticket of the concert are sold very well. The only problemis when the performance starts quite lately-at nine pm. We can take a bus there, so there will be no bus when theconcert is over. I will ask your dad to pick us up and you can stay in my home for the night.Passage 7 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我－就业选择词数：105 难度：中［2019全国II卷］Since I was a kid,I've considered different job I would like to do. First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly. Then,when I was in the five grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I likedmy English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school,I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor,They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much morebetter after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.Dear Tom,I'm glad to hear that you are considering make up with Peter. If I am you,I would consider a bike as a birthdaypresent for him.As far as I know,Peter is always in poor health, so he should take more exercises by riding a bike to have his body build up. In the meanwhile, you can often go out by bike together, which is helpful on rebuilding your friendship. Besides, taking a bike is environmentally friendly means of transport. It is convenient to get around as well. Apart from giving him a gift, and you can also adopt other means,such as traveling, seeing a movie,having dinner and going shopping.No matter how you do,being sincere was the most important. Don't hesitate,and try to take action. I really hope that we can make up and be good friends forever.Yours,Li HuaPassage 9 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我－去国外旅游词数：115 难度：中Last summer vacation I traveled to America and I met a lotof foreigner. I found a tour guide which spoke both English and Chinese because of I was not confident about myEnglish.Interesting,some native English speakers joined me in the trip. When we are in the Grand Canyon,we lostcontact with our guide but everyone was worried. All of sudden,my phone rang and it was from the guide,said that hewould wait for us at the gate of the canyon. He asked I to inform the other members. I summoned my courage to tellthem in English,and then I was praising by them. I felt more confident afterwards.。
高考英语全国甲乙卷短文改错改编语法填空
2022高考英语全国甲乙卷短文改错改编语法填空全国甲卷My father often took me to his hospital 1 I was off school. He showed me how his medical instruments 2 (use). I felt so close 3 him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I became 4 (distance) from him. I was unwilling 5 (talk) with him and often disobeyed his rule of not 6 (stay) out with my friends too late. The disagreement was 7 sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle 8 . One day, he talked with me and hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts 9 (make) by both sides, we began to understand each other 10 (well).【答案与解析】1. when 考查时间状语从句。
分析句子结构可知，此处引导时间状语从句。
句意为：过去我不上学时，父亲常带我去他的医院。
故填when。
2. were used 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。
根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，主语“his medical instruments”与动词use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语“his medical instruments”为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。
故填were used。
3. to 考查介词。
短文改错、语法填空之40个标志词 1bb
标志词巧解语法和改错标志词 1. 逗号在语法填空中，逗号隔开一个词；如果有提示词,提示词是adj，则填这个词的副词形式，大多加ly ；如果提示词是v,则填写它的非谓语形式。
如果无提示词，则优先考虑however ,therefore, 其次考虑moreover ，otherwise 。
例：Luckily (luck), he escaped from the fire.Unfortunately (unfortunate) ，he fell off the bike.He earned a lot of money , however, he was addicted in the drug.标志词 2. one ofone of 之后若有形容词，一定要用最高级形式；若之后出现名词，则用复数形式；若既有名词又有形容词，则先填最高级，再填复数名词，最高级之前要加the例：The house is one of the cheapest (cheap) houses in the area.标志词 3. when 与while(时间状语从句）when 之后一般要用过去式，while 之后一般要用过去进行时。
例：When I got home, my mother was cooking dinner.While my mother was cooking dinner, I entered the kitchen.标志词 4. by语法填空里，空格之后有“by” ” ，则空格里考虑填“be + 动词的过去分词”, 但是如果前面已经有了谓语动词，则空格里直接用“过去分词” 就可以，此时不需要加be 动词。
( 注：这里的be 要根据时态，人称选用)例：This is a best movie directed (direct) by Zhangyimou. ( 前有动词be ，后面的动词直接用过去分词形式，无需再加be)This movie was directed (direct) by Zhangyimou.( 前无动词，后必be+ “动词过去分词” 表示被动语态) 标志词 5. 定冠词the 在短文改错中的应用世界上独一无二的，或固定结构中，the 必须存在“ 地球，太阳，月亮，乡下，世界，厨房” 务必前面加the“earth, sun, moon, countryside, world, kitchen”一般单数名词在同一段话中，出现两次，首次需用a/an 修饰，第二次起出现必须要加“the ”.例：I bought a pen yesterday. The pen cost me 5 yuan.零冠词的用法1表示抽象概括意义时候，不可数名词，复数名词Books are my best friends2 球类棋类，三餐饭，季节月份星期节日前不用加冠词We have no classes on Sunday.3表示职位头衔身份前不用加冠词Professor Wang Doctor TompsonPresident Xi Dean of English Department标志词 6. “after, before, when, while ” 等词直接跟动词时，要加“ing” 。
2023年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结含答案
高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结（含答案）一、名词旳数语法填空1. ( 全国 I 卷 62) This trend, ... , has had some unintended side62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing themedical community was trying to fight.解析：effects表达“某些意料外旳副作用”，故用复数。
2. ( 全国 II 卷 61) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowedpeople to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads...解析：crowds防止拥挤旳人群。
3. ( 全国III卷 67) She has turned down several 67 (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitations由前面旳several可知，要用复数形式。
短文改错解析：word-*words背面有并列旳三句话，故word用复数words。
解析：informations-information因information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
二、代词阅读理解Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first an nual International Jazz Day...Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the mu sic has failed to connect with younger generations.en the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.29. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D. The jazz audience becoming larger.解析：指代前句中即前一段旳最终一句中旳the music has failed to connect 6with younger generations,比较各选项，只有C对旳。
英语短文改错万能公式
英语短文改错万能公式高考短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点，对同学的语言感觉和语言力量要求较高，但改正的错误往往比较简洁。
许多同学做不好改错题不是由于没有把握这些语法学问，而是不能通过语感找出错误。
所以培育同学有意识地去留意一些高考短文改错的常考点特别重要。
下面是英语短文改错万能公式，供参考。
英语短文改错语法口诀(一)见到谓语找主语，主谓全都找状语见到名词想多数，可不行数要记牢见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理带宾语必带to，不带宾语不带to小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级(二)谓与非谓常常混谓语句中就一个其余动词非谓语常见形式有三种v-ing ,v-ed和to do主谓通常v-ing动宾通常v-ed现在分词表主动过去分词表被动目的要用不定式by前有过去分词相拥by后有动名词后抱介词后跟动名词时态基点要搞清现在还是过去时(三)规章是说谎lie不规章是躺lie lay躺过就下蛋lay laidlied lied lain laid下蛋不规章短文改错解题思路和检查原则1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特殊是每个句子要有动词;2.谓语动词的时态、语态;3.非谓语动词的用法;4.名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确;5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否精确无误;8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则：改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以转变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。
短文改错解题步骤：通读全文，把握大意;整句分析，逐行推敲，反复通读，复查验证。
解题留意要点和力量培育：1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。
即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。
2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。
(完整)高考语法--强调句(含语法填空和短文改错考点透析)
高考英语语法--强调句（含高考语法填空和短文改错考点透析）【高考考点透析】高考语法填空主要让学生填空，所填的内容是强调句结构“It is (was)＋被强调的部分＋that(who/whom)＋句子的其它成分”中的It或that(who/whom)部分；高考短文改错主要考查强调句结构中的It和that(who/whom)部分的误用。
一．语法填空【高考真题展示】But like so many other things, it is only too much stress______ does you harm.（2016上海）答案及解析：that 考查强调句型。
句意：但是和别的许多事情一样，仅仅是太多的压力对你造成伤害。
本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
【高考题预测】______ was on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?答案及解析：It 考查强调句型。
句意：小船沉没一个月后他是在一个孤岛上被营救的？该句是强调句，被强调部分为on a lonely island，应填It。
二．短文改错【高考题预测】1.It was in New Zealand where Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.2.It was on January 1st which I paid a visit to my friend Tom.3. It was not until midnight when his father came back.答案及解析：1.where-that 句意：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。
此处是It was…that…强调句式，句中强调了地点状语in New Zealand。
2. which -that此处是It was…that…强调句式，句中强调了时间状语on January 1st。
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有提示词（6个）
无提示词（4个）
考
查
点
动词
名词的单复数形容词,来自级，反义
词
副词，级，反义词
词形转换
代词
冠词
介词
连词
谓语动词
非谓语动词
定语从句
名词性从句
状语从句
并列句,强调句
个数
短文改错10处，加1处，减1处（介词，冠词，it或助动词be,can,do等等）
类别
数量
考查点
冠词
a,an,the混用,固搭或（+、--）
名词性从句
主语从句（what），表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句
状语从句
So...that,such...that
并列句
And和or,but和so,however和otherwise
强调句
It is/was...that...
名词
单复数
代词
人称性别单复数混淆，反身代词
介词
混用，固搭，（+、--）
动词
谓语
时态，语态，主谓一致
非谓语
To do,doing,现在分词doing，过去分词done
形容词副词
形副互换，级，使动词形容词ing，ed互换，句首副词。
连词
定语从句
Which,that,who,what混用（特别是时间地点）