非谓语动词作定语和表语

从时态上看: V-ing 表示正在进行的动作, V-ed 表示已经完成的动作, to do 表示将来的动作。
考点点津
1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C.,
didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
过去分词作定语 有前置和后置两种情况: 前置定语
Attention
单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在 被修饰的名词之前, 表示被动和完成 意义。
A.被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers (受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
The bridge ___________(build) last built month is very beautiful. The bridge _______________(build) being built now is the longest one in our city. The bridge _______________(build) to be built next year is designed by a famous architect.
过去分词作表语 过去分词在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态。 The students are fully prepared.
学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we got there, the shop was closed.
我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了。
He was lost in thought.
B.完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 They are cleaning the fallen leaves (落 叶) in the yard.
过去分词作定语和V-ing作定语的区别 过去分词作定语表示动作已完成, V-ing 作定语表示动词正在进行。
the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况 developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家
看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动了。
比较:
amusing 使人高兴的 encouraging 鼓舞人心的 disappointing 令人失望的 exciting 使人激动的 puzzling 迷惑人的 satisfying 令人满意的 worrying 令人烦恼的 tiring 引起疲劳的 pleasing 令人愉快的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 amused encouraged disappointed excited puzzled satisfied worried tired pleased astonished 开心的 受鼓励的 失望的 激动的 迷惑的 感到满意的 烦恼的 疲劳的 高兴的 惊讶的
C. first played D. to be playing
2. What’s the language ___ in Germany? A. speaking C. be spoken B. spoken D. to speak
简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作 后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。
注意 V-ing和过去分词作表语的区别:
过去分词:表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,
意为“感到„的”。
V-ing:表示主语具有的特征,意为“令人„的”。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.
他们听到那可怕的声the moving scene, all the people present were moved.
3.As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers ____by her mother. A.buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought
V-ing 与过去分词
2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被修饰 的名词之后, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students. (= which was opened last year) Half of the honoured guests invited to the party were foreigners. (= who had been invited to the party)
注意:
如要表示强调,单个动词-ed形式也可作 后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。 The newcomer finished the program in less than half the time allowed.
注意:
如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指 示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词 作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如: Is there anything unsolved? There is nothing changed here since I left this town.
非谓语动词功能比较
主 语 to do -ing form
表 语
宾 语
定 语
补 语
状 语
pp过去分词
1.Do you know the boy ___ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
2. Do you know the man ____ to the doctor over there. A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk
形式: (1)V-ing doing/being done; having done/having been done (2)过去分词done 区别: (1)V-ing :表示主动意义;有被动语态, 否定式not +V-ing (2)过去分词:表示被动或完成意义,在谓语动 词之前发生的动作,无完成式或被动式
高考链接
1. Please remain ______ ; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. A. seated C. to be seated B. seating D. seat
2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
她陷入沉思。
注意区分被动语态和V-ed做表语的情况 e.g The cup is broken. 系表结构,多表示主语所处的状态或说明 动作的性质,相当于adj. e.g The cup was broken by Harry. 被动语态,强调动作是由谁和怎样完成的。 注意系动词除了be动词,还有连系动词 get,keep,remain,stay,become ….和 感官动词 look,sound,smell,feel 等。
5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后 置定语表达被动,等于定语从句which were written。
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非谓语动词作定语和状语

非谓语动词作定语和状语

A A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
3). The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded D. being recorded
C Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary
people for their contributions to
environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given
D. was given
不定式(to do)
②The question _b_e_i_n_g__d_is_c_u_s_s_e(ddiscuss) at the
meeting now is of quite importance.
③The question __t_o_b_e__d_i_s_cu__s_se_d(discuss) at the
meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. have been bought D. buying
解析:此题学生最易错选的答案为A或C。依据上面 陈述,填入A或C句子都有两个谓语动词,而此 处两个动词并非并列谓语,也不是分别出现在主 从句中,故答案有误。该题正确答案为B, bought through a computer为一过去分词短语作后 置定语,句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当 然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought through…也是正确的,因为这一动 作出现在从句中。

英语语法之非谓语动词用法

英语语法之非谓语动词用法

英语语法之非谓语动词用法一、解析非谓动词作主语1. 不定式作主语。

如:To say is easier than to do.解析:用不定式作主语时,常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作,并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。

如上例可改为:It is easier to say than to do.2. 动名词作主语。

如:Walking after supper is good for both young and old.解析:若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。

二、解析非谓语动词作表语1. 不定式作表语。

如:What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.The library books are not allowed to be taken away.解析:不定式作表语时,其后接动词(词组)主动式或被动式,与其最近的动词采用原形。

2. 动名词作表语。

如:His job is teaching.The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.解析:动名词作表语时,表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性,甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。

如上例可改为:Teaching is his job.3. 分词作表语。

如:The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.解析:现在分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征,表语与主语之间是主动关系,并且常以物作主语,译为“某物怎么样”;过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的心理状态,主语和表语之间存在被动关系,并且常以人作主语,译为“某人感到怎么样”。

具有这一用法的有:surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等三、解析非谓语动词作宾语1. 不定式作宾语。

非谓语动词作主宾表定状补

非谓语动词作主宾表定状补

语法探究----非谓语动词(作主语,宾语,表语)主语宾语表语不定式(to do)否定形式:not to do 表示特定的某一次具体的动作。

①To finish thework in ten days isvery hard.②To change thewhole plan is verydifficult.{说明}有时可用it作形式主语,将作真正主语的不定式后置。

①It is very hard tofinish the work inten days.②It is very difficultto change thewhole plan.常跟在一些动词后作宾语,如decide/refuse/hope/agree/pretend/fail/manage/plan/ promise等①We agreed tomeet here.②He managed tocatch sight of somemountain goats.{说明}在下列结构中,用it作形式宾语而将作宾语的不定式后置。

find/think/consider it+adj. +to do③We thought itbetter to start early.④I find it hard to表示将来的打算或目的。

①His wish is to buya car in the nearfuture.他的愿望是在不久的将来买辆车。

②The next step isto make sure of thetime.下一步是把时间弄清楚。

work with him.--ing形式(doing)否定形式:not doing 表示经常性的抽象的行为。

①Swimming is abest sport insummer.②Living without anaim is like sailingwithout acompass(指南针).{说明}在下列句型中唱常用it作形式主语。

非谓语动词(不定式)的用法

非谓语动词(不定式)的用法

非谓语动词(不定式)的用法非谓语动词(动词不定式的具体用法)动词不定式有三大语法功能:1.充当名词,可作主语、宾语或表语;2.充当形容词,可作后置定语或宾语补足语;3.充当副词,可作状语。

构成不定式需要使用“to+动词原形”的形式,否定式则在不定式符号之前加入否定词“not/never”。

一、不定式作主语的用法不定式作主语的特点是具有名词的功能,可表示意愿或未完成的事情,谓语动词要用单数。

常见的此类名词有:plan(计划)、purpose(目的)、attempt(企图)、goal(目标)、aim(目的)、n(雄心)、dream(梦想)、ideal(理想)、wish(希望/愿望)、hope(希望)、n(决定)、n(决定)、proposal(提议/建议)等。

为了避免主语过长,不定式短语可放在句末,用形式主语“it”代替原来的主语位置,不定式则成为真正的主语。

例如:___.(赢得冠军是我的雄心。

)To master a foreign language is necessary.(掌握一门外语是有必要的。

)To e President of the United States used to be my goal.(过去我的梦想是成为美国总统。

)Speaking perfect English is always my dream.(说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想。

)It is ___.(保护环境是有必要的。

)There are two special ___:1) It is + adj + of sb + to do sth.2) It is + adj + for sb + to do sth.___ characteristics and differences are:1) If ___ characteristics or traits。

the logical subject of the ___ "of."Examples:It is very affable of you to help me。

动名词是一种非谓语动词形式

动名词是一种非谓语动词形式

动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。

形式上与现在分词一样,但与现在分词有很大区别。

动名词既具有动词特点,又具有名词特点。

动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一、作主语 1、动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。

例如:Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.2、动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is…"两种句式来表示。

例如: It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。

There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。

但在下列几种情况中不能互换:当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。

但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing …二、作表语1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。

三大非谓语动词的语法作用

三大非谓语动词的语法作用

三大非谓语动词的语法作用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三种形式。

以下是三大非谓语动词的语法作用:1. 不定式:不定式在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

作主语:To see is to believe(眼见为实)。

作宾语:I want to go home(我想回家)。

作表语:My dream is to become a teacher(我的梦想是成为一名老师)。

作定语:I have a lot of homework to do(我有很多作业要做)。

作状语:I came here to see you(我来这里看你)。

2. 动名词:动名词在句子中可以作为主语、宾语和表语。

作主语:Reading books is a good habit(读书是一个好习惯)。

作宾语:I enjoy listening to music(我喜欢听音乐)。

作表语:My hobby is playing basketball(我的爱好是打篮球)。

3. 分词:分词在句子中可以作为定语、表语、状语和补足语。

作定语:The excited children were running around the playground (兴奋的孩子们在操场上跑来跑去)。

作表语:I feel bored(我觉得无聊)。

作状语:He went to the library, following his teacher(他跟着老师去了图书馆)。

作补足语:We found the missing child crying in the woods(我们找到了在树林里哭的失踪孩子)。

总的来说,非谓语动词在句子中有着重要的语法作用,可以使句子结构更加丰富,表达更加多样。

如需了解更多关于非谓语动词的信息,建议查阅英语语法书籍或咨询英语教师。

非谓语的用法

非谓语的用法一、什么是非谓语?非谓语是指在句子中不作谓语的动词形式,包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词。

二、动词不定式的用法1. 作主语:To learn English well is necessary.2. 作宾语:I want to go to the cinema.3. 作表语:His dream is to be a doctor.4. 作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.5. 作状语:(1)目的状语:He went to the library to borrow some books.(2)结果状语:He studied hard, only to fail the exam in the end.(3)原因状语:He got up early so as not to miss the train.6. 不定式的否定形式为“not+动词原形”,常用于否定意义。

三、动名词的用法1. 动名词可以作主语、宾语和表语。

(1)主语:Reading books is a good habit.(2)宾语:I enjoy reading books in my free time.(3)表语:Her hobby is swimming in the sea.2. 动名词可以与介词搭配构成介词短语,表示时间、原因、方式等。

(1)时间状语:After finishing his homework, he went to bed. (2)原因状语:For lack of money, he couldn’t buy a new car.(3)方式状语:By working hard, he got a promotion.四、分词的用法1. 现在分词和过去分词可以作定语和状语。

(1)现在分词作定语:The running water is very clear.(2)现在分词作状语:He left the room, closing the door behind him.(3)过去分词作定语:The broken vase cannot be repaired.(4)过去分词作状语:Feeling tired, he went to bed early.2. 分词也可以与连系动词be搭配构成表语。

在英语中非谓语动词的用法

在英语中非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。

为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。

(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。

(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。

(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

(2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。

(3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem,purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

英语非谓语动词的用法

英语非谓语动词的用法英语非谓语动词指的是动词在句子中作为名词、形容词或副词使用的形式,不需要用be动词或助动词来构成谓语。

非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。

它们在句子中有着不同的用法和作用。

1. 不定式不定式是由to+动词原形构成的形式,常作为名词、形容词或副词使用。

不定式可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

例句:To learn English well is important for me. (作为主语) I want to study abroad. (作为宾语)The best way to improve your speaking is to practice. (作为表语)I have a book to read this weekend. (作为定语)He left the office to catch the last train. (作为状语) 2. 动名词动名词是由动词+ing构成的形式,常作为名词使用。

动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

例句:Swimming is good for your health. (作为主语)I enjoy playing basketball with my friends. (作为宾语) My hobby is collecting stamps. (作为表语)She saw a man walking down the street. (作为定语)He did his homework while listening to music. (作为状语) 3. 分词分词有两种形式:现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词是由动词+ing 构成的形式,过去分词是由动词的过去分词形式构成的形式。

分词可以作为形容词和状语使用。

例句:The running man is my brother. (现在分词作为形容词)The broken vase is on the floor. (过去分词作为形容词)He left the room, closing the door behind him. (现在分词作为状语)Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (过去分词作为状语)总之,非谓语动词在英语中用法多样,需要根据具体情况来判断其作用和形式。

高中英语非谓语动词不定式作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补语


>> 不定式作定语
>> 不定式作状语
>> 不定式作宾补
>> 不定式作状语
我来这里为了见你。 听到这个消息我们是很开心的。 她活到了九十岁。
I came here to see you. We were glad to hear the news. She lived to be ninety.
>> 不定式作状语
>> 不定式作宾补
> 感官动词/使役动词+宾语+不定式作宾补
(省略to):see; hear; have; let; make 被动语态时,将不定式的to还原
✓ I often hear him sing the song. ✓ He is often heard to sing the song.
>> 不定式作主语 >> 不定式作宾语 >> 不定式作表语
>> 不定式作定语 >> 不定式作状语 >> 不定式作宾补
>> 不定式作主语、宾语、表语
戒烟是对的。 我想要实现目标。 我觉得和他一起工作很有趣。
I find it interesting to work with him.
他的愿望是当警察。
>> 不定式作表语
1. 我的工作是帮助病人。 2. 我的目标是准备考入大学的
生物专业。
>> 不定式作表语
1. 我的工作是帮助病人。
My job is to help patients.
2. 我的目标是准备考入大学的 生物专业。
My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university.
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