2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(四)

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2016年中考语文模拟试题试卷四

2016年中考语文模拟试题试卷四

2016年中考语文模拟试题试卷四一、积累与运用(20分)阅读下面文字,完成第l~6题:(12分)①“金”在西周的典(籍/藉)里多指铜。

到了春秋战国时代,黄金开始出现,用以铸成货币,“金”便成为黄金的专称,同时,“金”又可作一切经过冶炼的金属的总名,因而不得不把黄金之名冠以“黄”字。

《说文解字》说:“五色金也。

黄为之长,久霾不生衣,百炼不轻,从革不违。

”“久蕴不生衣”,是说它不易氧化,不生锈,这是它的坚定;“百炼不轻”,是说它不含杂质,高温冶炼也不会折分量,这是它的纯洁;“从革不违”,是说它铸成器皿后不会变形,这是它的刚__(义/毅)。

古人常用“金玉之德”来形容人的优秀品质。

至今人们还称赞纯洁而正直的人有“一颗金子般的心”。

②黄金___能成为美好心灵的象征,____能成为腐蚀灵魂的毒品。

《列子》中记载了这样一个故事:齐国有一个人,在黄金交易市场上抢了人家的金子就跑。

捕吏抓住了他。

官员问:“在众目睽睽下你怎么敢抢金子呢?”那人回答说:“我抢金子的时候,满眼只看见金子,哪里还看得见人?”(掘/攫)金不见人的人,古今皆有之。

但是,不为黄金所动的例子,也并不乏见。

例如,《韩诗外传》记载:楚襄王遣使以金千斤,白璧百双,聘庄子以为相,庄子固辞。

有人耻笑庄子“迂阔”,然而仔细想来,他是不愿为了一点物质上的收获而舍弃自己精神上的追求,在得失的评判上,有自己的标准而已。

1.下列词语中加点的字注音不正确的一项是()(2分)A.铸成(zhu)冠以(guan)冶炼(ye)B.记载(zai)器皿(min)舍弃(she)C.腐蚀(shf)捕吏(bu)众目睽睽(kui)D.耻笑(chT)迂阔(yu)古今皆有(lie)2.文中横线处选择汉字填写,正确的一项是()(2分)A.籍毅掘B.籍毅攫C.藉义攫D.藉义掘3.下列词语中“金”的意思与文中第①段画横线句子中的“金”意思相同的一项是()(2分)A.一诺千金B.纸醉金迷C.金城汤池D.金枝玉叶4.在文中画曲线处填写关联词语,最恰当的一项是()(2分)A.不但而且B.既又C.既更D.不但还5.下列与第①段中“一颗金子般的心”使用的修辞手法相同的一项是()(2分)A.草原给我的第一印象是:它多像海啊!只有海才这么寂静,这么广漠得望不到边际。

时文选读4

时文选读4

高二年(下)时文选读(4)1.让“家风”成为一种信仰如果连基因都无法成为一个家族的可靠传承,那么,我们还能寄希望于何种传承可以在百年后仍能强有力地成为一个家族共有的、共通的内核呢?也许,在央视综合频道播出的《我有传家宝》栏目中,我们可以找到答案。

随着该栏目的播出,公众对于该栏目所倡导和传扬的“家风”的关注和探讨也日渐火热起来。

节目中,周恩来的侄女周秉德带着周总理经常佩戴在身上的“为人民服务”像章,亲身讲述了她在伯父周恩来身边长大的岁月中感受到的家风。

“邢台地震,伯父赶到现场。

跟大伙儿讲话时,他发现自己是顺风、而成百上千的群众都顶风站着听他讲话,于是,马上调转了方向,他迎着风讲话,这样群众就顺风了。

警卫不解,总理说,和大家比我们就几个人,顶一下风也没关系了。

”周秉德的回忆处处都闪现着周总理镌刻在心中的“为人民服务”的精神。

她说,伯父将这枚像章传给她,意义非凡,就是要她继续传承“为人民服务”的家风。

周总理将“为人民服务”像章作为留给后代的家风传承载体,体现的不仅是他对后代的殷殷期望,我们更能从中读懂他为人民利益鞠躬尽瘁的伟大情怀。

其实,中国人对家风的讲究由来已久,许多著作中都有迹可循。

《文言》中说:“积善之家,必有余庆;积不善之家,必有余殃。

”刘备去世前给其子刘禅的遗诏中说:“莫以恶小而为之,莫以善小而不为。

惟贤惟德,能服于人。

”明代《朱子治家格言》中说:“一粥一饭,当思来之不易;半丝半缕,恒念物力维艰。

”“家门和顺,虽饔飧不济,亦有余欢。

”鲁迅在遗嘱中也留有对周海婴的训示:“孩子长大,倘无才能,可寻点小事情过活,万不可去做空头文学家或美术家。

”“家风”不唯中国所独有,国外许多显赫的家族亦有关于家风的记载。

罗斯柴尔德家族的创始人、被誉为“国际金融之父”的梅耶在教育后代时始终强调家族的团结和荣耀,罗氏家族的家训中说:“只要你们团结一致,你们就所向无敌;你们分手的那天,将是你们失去繁荣的开始。

”正是对家风的严格传承,才保证了罗斯柴尔德家族成为欧洲乃至世界久负盛名的金融家族。

2016初四中考篇目Microsoft Word 文档 (4)

2016初四中考篇目Microsoft Word 文档 (4)

初四中考篇目
古文
《童趣》《<论语>十则》《山市》《为学》《伤仲永》《狼》《口技》《纪昌学射》《核舟记》《卖油翁》《推敲》《三峡》《答谢中书书》《观潮》《湖心亭看雪》《与朱元思书》《五柳先生传》《送东阳马生序》《诗词曲五首》《小石潭记》《满井游记》《唐雎不辱使命》《隆中对》《出师表》《公输》《鱼我所欲也》《扁鹊见蔡桓公》《晏子使楚》《诫子书》《西湖游记两则》《墨池记》《触龙说赵太后》《黄生借书说》《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》《愚公移山》《诗经》两首
教材中的“课外古诗词背诵”。

必读名著
吴承恩《西游记》、施耐庵《水浒》、老舍《骆驼祥子》、鲁迅《朝花夕拾》、笛福《鲁滨逊漂流记》、凡尔纳《海底两万里》、奥斯特洛夫斯基《钢铁是怎样炼成的》、傅雷《傅雷家书》。

【中考阅读专项】时文阅读综合训练初中英语时文阅读04(原卷版)

【中考阅读专项】时文阅读综合训练初中英语时文阅读04(原卷版)

【中考阅读专项】时文阅读综合训练-初中英语时文阅读4文章导读阅读理解A篇:杭州亚运会:向“绿”而行,和谐共生。

B篇:别具特色这些亚运项目。

C篇:有偿“嘴替”“代骂”是违法行为。

D篇:直播间的“泼天的富贵”能否持续留住流量,【79元套餐】是国货品牌适应新营销环境和新消费群体的新突破,而流量狂欢后如何变长红,仍然是众多国货品牌要思考的问题。

E篇:国庆节几部电影的介绍。

《雄兵出击》《坚如磐石》《莫斯科行动》等F篇:“抱树”真能治内耗?来看背后的科学原理语法填空:梁朝伟荣获威尼斯电影节终身成就奖。

阅读理解:国学故事——上善若水。

A 阅读理解“Green Games” became a calling card for the 19th Asian Games, which were held from Sept 23 to Oct 8 in Hangzhou and five other cities in Zhejiang.To make the Games the world’s first waste-free sporting event, green energy sources were used at all 56 competition venues (场馆).Some of the renewable (可再生的) electricity used at the venues was photovoltaic energy (光伏能源), transmitted (传输) from areas such as Qinghai and Gansu. Another source was wind power which was made in areas including the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.A digital management platform was also started to help achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和) during the Asian Games. On the platform, digital technologies were used for managing carbon emissions (排放) from venues in the six cities where the Games were held. The technologies included data collection and emissions reduction (减排) and evaluation.Among all of the Games’ 56 competition venues, just 12 were newly built. The rest were existing facilities (设施) repaired as part of the organizers’ mission of sustainability (持续性).The Shangcheng Sports Centre Stadium, the venue used for soccer events at the Games, was first built in 2019.During the venue’s renovation, its solar-film ceiling and spectator (观众) seating – both of which had been used for 14 years but remained in good condition – were kept after being scientifically assessed (评估). This helped to reduce building costs by nearly 8 million yuan.The race track of Chun’an Jieshou Sports Centre’s velodrome (自行车赛场) was covered with 374 interchangeable components (部件) which can continue to use after the competition ended.Zhejiang also improved public entry to the venues and hosted sports events in them. During the one-year delay (推迟) of the Games due to the pandemic, the venues were put aside but still kept in use. Since May 2022, all of the available venues have received 10 million visits, allowing the public to experience the world-class facilities.These venues will continue to be used for sports and public fitness after the Games. Venue owners and operators have developed post-games plans for 51 venues.1.What kind of renewable energy sources were used at the competition venues?A Solar energy and wind powerB Hydroelectric power and geothermal energyC Biomass and tidal energyD Nuclear power and natural gas2.What was the goal of the 19th Asian Games in terms of waste management?A. To use green energy sources at all competition venuesB. To achieve carbon neutrality during the GamesC. To repair and renovate existing facilitiesD. To reduce building costs for venues3.How many of the competition venues were newly built for the 19th Asian Games?A. 12B. 56C. 51D. The article does not mention it.4.Why did the organizers keep the solar-film ceiling and spectator seating of the Shangcheng Sports Centre Stadium?A. They were newly built and modern.B. They were in good condition.C. They were technologically advanced.D. The article does not mention the reason.5.What will happen to the venues after the Games?A. They will be demolished.B. They will be used for sports and public fitness.C. They will be sold to other countries.D. The article does not mention it.B 阅读理解On Sept 24, at the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, people burst into thunderous (雷鸣般的) cheers after China’s Tong Xin finished a difficult move. For the move, she had to make a 540-degree turn. In the end, she won the women’s taijiquan and taijijian all-round gold (女子太极拳太极剑全能金牌) at the sports event.Tong’s slow but strong actions with her sword (剑) showed perfectly Chinese wushu’s beautiful mix of soft and hard moves. As a sport showing regional (区域的) culture, wushu was included in the Asian Games in 1990. Apart from wushu, many other special sports from different Asian areas were also seen at the sports event, making it a party of folk cultures. Kabaddi (卡巴迪) and sepak takraw (藤球) are two examples.Kabaddi (卡巴迪) is a folk sport from India and has a history of more than 4,000 years. As the athletic form (竞技版) of the game “eagle (老鹰) catching chickens”, kabaddi needs nothing but an area that is 13 meters long and 10 meters wide.Sepak takraw first became popular in Southeast Asia. It is similar to the traditional Chinese game of shuttlecock kicking (踢毽子). Players need to use their feet, head, knees and other parts of their body to move the ball. It is also called “kick volleyball”.Although the Asian Games don’t include as many countries as the Olympic Games, they have even more events, especially the ones born out of the Asian region. This makes it really unique.As Chinese President Xi Jinping said at the event’s opening ceremony (开幕式), “The 19th Asian Games have included many disciplines (项目) with distinctive (有特色的) Asian features. It provides a platform (舞台) to celebrate sports and culture, and showcases Asian culture that is inclusive (包容的), vibrant (充满活力的) and always keen (渴望的) to learn from others.”1.What gold medal did Tong Xin win at the Asian Games?A. Women’s wushuB. Women’s taijiquanC. Women’s kabaddiD. Women’s sepak takraw2. What is the story mainly about?A. The game results as of Sept 24.B. Chinese wushu athlete Tong Xin.C. The newly invented sports games.D. Regional sports in the Asian Games.3. What do we know about Kabaddi?A. It is a new game created in India.B. It looks like a traditional Chinese kid’s game.C. It has a high requirement for the playing area.D. It is very popular in Asia.4. What’s the meaning of having folk sports in the Asian Games?a. To introduce new sports to the world.b. To celebrate regional sports and culture.c. To showcase unique Asian culture.d. To highlight Asian features.e. To show the athletes’ sporting spirit.A. abcB. bcdC. bdeD. cdeC,阅读理解Recently, people online have been selling verbal abuse (言语辱骂) “services”. An internet user pays the seller some money to abuse the victim (受害者) through social media. However, this is not right or legal.To know more about this, Teens talked to Xing Junxia, a lawyer at the S&P Law Firm in Beijing.In life, we may say bad words to people we don’t like. If it gets serious, it becomes verbal abuse. “The act of verbal abuse violates (侵犯) the victim’s rights,” Xing said. “These words usually hurt the victim’s right to reputation (名誉权), which can lead to civil liability (民事责任).” The attacker (攻击者) should stop this right away. He or she should also formally (正式地) say sorry to the victim. This is to cut down the influence of the abuse.Xing pointed out that both the attacker and the payer should bear civil liability because they do it together.In more serious situations, the attacker will face administrative penalties (行政处罚). A man in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, who ran an online verbal abuse “service” and had abused 25 people, was recently caught. Although he knew it was illegal, he believed it was an easy way to make money. In the end, he was fined (处罚) 500 yuan and handed over all of the illegal money he had got.In the most serious situations, Xing said, verbal abuse can make the victim ill. The attacker should then face criminal liability (刑事责任). It means that he or she may spend time in prison (监狱), said Xing.1. If you are abused verbally, you can legally _____.A. ask the attacker for some moneyB. ask the attacker to stop and say sorryC. post the attacker’s acts onlineD. beat the attacker2. Who is at fault in the case of selling verbal abuse “service”?A. Only the attacker.B. Only the payer.C. Both the attacker and the payer.D. The attacker, the payer and the victim.3. The example in Paragraph 5 mainly shows us _____.A. that the payer won’t face a penaltyB. that the attacker is only fined in serious casesC. the reason for “selling” verbal abuseD. the result of running verbal abuse “service”4. What is the main idea of the story?A. Selling services online is illegal.B. Verbal abuse can hurt others physically.C. We should use laws to protect ourselves.D. Verbal abuse is law-breaking.D,阅读理解Do you know about Bee & Flower? It was once a well-known hair care brand in China. Many brands like this have “disappeared” because young people don’t know about them.But recently, some old Chinese brands have made a comeback. It’s a good start, but there’s more to it.In early September, anger over a Chinese makeup brand’s eyebrow pens (眉笔) lit up the internet. Some people thought that they were too expensive as it cost 79 yuan to get three pens. Shortly after, Bee & Flower started to sell three large bottles of hair care products for the same price. It showed that Chinese products could still be cost-effective (划算的).Many Chinese brands took their chance by selling through livestreaming (直播). What’s more, they also helped sell each other’s products. For example, hosts of sports brand Erke washed their hair with Bee & Flower products on Sept 13.Many people can’t stop buying these products. Why? For one thing, they think that the products of these Chinese brands are good to use and don’t cost much. Also, it makes buyers feel proud. They can help these old brands “come back to life” by buying the products. Buyers believe in these brands and will use their money to help them grow.However, livestreaming events should only be a start. How can brands keep people interested? Good products with good prices. The brands shouldn’t take advantage of (利用) people’s trust. They should turn it into a reason to make their products better.1. Which of the following can take the place of the word “disappeared”?A. shown upB. looked upC. given awayD. gone away2. What gave Bee & Flower the chance to sell their products?A. There was a big activity for online shopping.B. It became a well-known hair care brand in China.C. The products of Chinese brands became more popular.D. People were discussing expensive eyebrow pens.3. What happened during the livestreaming of some Chinese brands?A. They sold their products at a higher price.B. They helped sell the goods of other brands.C. They sold all the products in one room.D. The workers washed their hair while doing sports.4. What makes people buy products of Chinese brands?a. Low prices.b. A willingness to help.c. Excellent ads.d. Good products.e. Interesting looks.A. abcB. abdC. bcdD. bde5. What does the writer think according to the last paragraph?A. Chinese brands can only be popular for a while.B. Livestreaming is a good way to keep brands popular.C. It is smart to use people’s trust to keep them interested.D. The brands should set good prices for their products.E,阅读理解What movies are you going to watch during the National Day holiday? Teens picks four movies to fill up your holiday with great stories. Whether if you like comedic movies, or movies that are more real, you can find what’s right for you.Lose to Win《好像也没那么热血沸腾》Under the Light (《坚如磐石》)The Great War(《志愿军:雄兵出击》)Operation Moscow1.Who is the director of the movie “93 International Train Robbery: Operation Moscow”?A. Chen KaigeB. Zhang YimouC. Wei GuozhengD. Qiu Litao2.When is the movie “Lose to Win” released?A. Sept 26B. Sept 27C. Sept 28D. Sept 293.What is the genre of the movie “Under the Light”?A. ComedyB. SportsC. WarD. Crime4.What is the focus of the movie “The Great War”?A. Basketball team overcoming disabilitiesB. Crime and illegal tradesC. Chinese efforts in the war against US aggressionD. Cross-border pursuit5. Where may this article be from?A.A sports magazine B. A film magazine C. a crime novel D. An advertisementF,阅读理解Feel down? Hug a tree! Recently, many Chinese young people have turned to trees to help with their stress. Although it sounds strange, there’s a science behind the act of tree-hugging.It can be explained by the “biophilia hypothesis (亲生命假说)”. It was pointed out by US scientist Edward Wilson in 1984. He said that humans are born to love being around other living things. Humans’ love for nature is “in our DNA”. This idea helps to explain why people prefer natural, green views to city views. It’s also one of the reasons why people love cute pets.Some studies have looked into why tree-hugging can help with our health. A study in 2021 reported that the activity can increase oxytocin (催产素). It’s a hormone responsible for feelings. The higher the level of oxytocin is, the calmer and happier you may be. Hugging trees for only 21 seconds can lead to an increase in oxytocin.Another hormone called cortisol (皮质醇) is a marker of stress. The brain produces more cortisol when the person is anxious (焦虑的), angry, or very sad. Hugging trees helps cut cortisol production, which makes us feel better.Although the activity is helpful to us, it’s important to keep in mind that we shouldn’t hurt nature while doing it. Trees often hold valuable ecosystems (生态环境). Many small creatures live on the tree – and they are too small to be seen. You may want to be gentle when hugging trees – just like how you hug a friend!1. Which of the following can be explained by the “biophilia hypothesis”?A. People feel relaxed in parks.B. People like doing exercises.C. People love visiting historical sites.D. People like to live in cities.2. How might people feel with a lower hormone oxytocin?A. They might feel calm and happy.B. They might feel angry and sad.C. They might feel relaxed and scared.D. They might feel happy and sad.3. What is the right relationship between the hormone cortisol and our feelings?A. We feel sadder with a lower level of cortisol.B. We feel angrier with a lower level of cortisol.C. We feel more stressed with a higher level of cortisol.D. We feel much happier with a higher level of cortisol.4. What can we learn from the story?A. Hugs give people energy.B. The “biophilia hypothesis” is partly wrong.C. Tree-hugging is harmful to the environment.D. Hugging trees in the right way helps reduce stress.语法填空Hong Kong actor Tony Leung Chiu-wai received a very important award (奖项) – the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement (终身成就金狮奖) at the 80th Venice Film Festival On Sept 2. He’s the first Chinese actor ____1_____(get) this award.Leung cried when ______2______(receive) the award, saying that he wanted to share the award with everyone _____3____ has helped him in his 41-year acting career.This award recognizes Leung’s long list of famous works. He ____4_____(become) a film star in Hong Kong in the 1980s and got famous around the world for _____5_____(he )acting in award-winning films like Chungking Express (《重庆森林》) and In the Mood for Love (《花样年华》), which _____6_______( direct) by Wong Kar-wai.Leung is also known _____7____(介词) being in big blockbusters (大片). For example, he plays an undercover agent (卧底) in the Hong Kong crime classic Infernal Affairs (《无间道》). He has also been in director Zhang Yimou’s martial arts (武术) film Hero (《英雄》), which stands as one of_____8_________ (successful)Chinese films in North America.Famous director, Ang Lee, described Leung as “a director’s dream” _____9_______(连词)he can show complicated (复杂的) feelings just with his eyes. “He can say more in one look than many actors can with a full monologue (独角戏),” Lee said.Leung’s next film, Silent Friend (《寂静的朋友》), ____10______(start )filming in April 2024. Leung will play a scientist and work with filmmakers from Germany, France and Hungary to show a story across different countries. The world’s audience (观众) is looking forward to another fresh and touching performance by Leung.国学故事What is the best virtue (美德)? What can we learn from water? Laozi, a famous Chinese philosopher (哲学家)A Chinese teacher called Zhen Daqian from a high school in Beijing gave further explanation: Laozi tells us the top character is just like water. All life in the world cannot live without water, but water never asks for anything in return. It just keeps giving quietly. Also, water often stays where people don’t like, such us low-lying wetlands and deserted valleys (空旷的山谷). This kind of low profile (低调) makes water the closest to the law of the universe. It seems that we have always taken qualities like bravery and strength as great virtues, but we should not forget what water has taught us.In dealing with people, we can act as water. Do our best to help others without trying to get fame or benefit. At the same time, stay modest (谦虚的). It’s unwise to always talk about the favors you gave to others. Even if no one cares about you in a difficult situation, you need to stay calm. After all, water will not choose where to be, it just flows to where it is needed.We know that the Chinese nation has always valued Laozi’s ideas about water. In 2014, President Xi Jinping mentioned it at the welcome dinner of the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in Beijing. He said APEC members are brought together by the water of the Pacific Ocean and have a shared responsibility to make the Pacific an ocean of peace, friendship and cooperation (合作).1.Which of the following is not the quality of water?A.Low profiles.B.Bravery.C.Giving quietly.D.Never asking for anything in return2.What does the underlined word “disdain” mean?A.like B.hate C.enjoy D.admire3.What is the right way we should act as water in dealing with people?A.Staying proud.B.Helping others for fame and benefit.C.Staying excited in a difficult situation.D.Never talking about the favors you gave to others.4.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A.We Chinese nation has always valued Laozi’s ideas about water.B.The water of the Pacific Ocean is very important.C.All the APEC members should cooperate well with each other.D.All the APEC members should keep the peace of the Pacific Ocean. 5.Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?A.Laozi — A Famous Philosopher in ChinaB.Zhen Daqian—A Chinese TeacherC.Water — The Best VirtueD.Goodness — The Word and The World。

2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(一)

2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(一)

2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(一)2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(一)一、犬儒主义者的精神蜕变近几年,犬儒主义成为流行于中国知识界的热词。

文化人或者用它自嘲,或者以之讥讽自己的同类。

在这两种用法中,它都是贬义词。

不过,使用这个标签的人大都在望文生义:犬者,狗也;儒,文人的雅称,知识分子的别名。

把狗和文人联系起来,显然具有明显的贬损意味。

受此暗示,他们喜欢用它意指某些猥琐的精神状态:随波逐流,蝇营狗苟,卑躬屈节,玩世不恭,等等。

然而,望文生义终究不可靠。

面对翻译过来的词汇,它更可能意味着完全的误解。

由于某些原因,翻译家有时也会制造幽默,譬如将白人哲学家的名字译成黑哥儿(后来改成黑格尔了)。

事实上,犬儒主义这个称号有两个来历,但均不蕴含贬义:其一,其创始人安提西尼曾经在一个称为”快犬”的竞技场发表演说,其二,该学派的人像狗一样生活简朴。

前者是个中性的表述,后者则近乎赞美。

根据流传下来的材料,早期的犬儒主义者虽然被称为狗,但绝非猥琐之辈,相反,他们人格独立、思想自由、精神高贵。

其中,希腊大哲第欧根尼曾展示了典型的犬儒风度。

此君平时住在木桶里,以讨饭为生,但怡然自得。

有人讥笑他活得像条狗,他也丝毫不感到窘迫。

有一次,凯旋归来的亚历山大大帝前去拜访他,问他需要什么,没想到他的回答极为干脆:”只要你别挡住我的阳光”。

意味深长的是,亚历山大非但没有龙颜大怒,反倒对随从说:”我若不是亚历山大,我愿是第欧根尼。

”显然,在亚历山大眼里,这位大哲尽管性情乖戾,但却表现出足以自己匹配的高贵气质。

不过,第欧根尼绝不是在摆谱,而是在实践他所追求的道德法则:只要你对于幸运所赐的财货无动于衷,便可以从恐惧之中解放出来。

不幸的是,能达到这个境界的人少之又少,可谓珍稀物种。

为了与自己的理想伙伴相遇,他曾经在光天化日之下提着灯笼在城里游走:”我在找一个真正的人。

”毫无疑问,在第欧根尼的词典中,犬儒主义是高贵、自由、独立的同义语。

2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(二)

2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(二)

2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(二)各位读友大家好,此文档由网络收集而来,欢迎您下载,谢谢2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑三、《夏洛特烦恼》回答”喜剧的意义”2015-10-13来源:人民日报作者:张铁一部”三无”之作--无大明星、无大制作、无大营销,在今年电影的国庆档混战中杀出重围。

由开心麻花团队打造的《夏洛特烦恼》,票房低开高走,口碑一路攀升,完成了一场漂亮的逆袭。

有网友搜集了这部电影中的”彩蛋”,从上世纪90年代的语文教科书,到一开就停电的微波炉用来养鱼,再到不起眼配角身上的动漫装,即便只是一闪而过甚至作为背景出现,也让有慧眼的观众时时惊喜。

源于话剧舞台多年积累,本来就有着相对流畅的情节和较为密集的笑料,再加上为了电影屏幕进行的”再创造”--比如长镜头摇过小伙伴们的各个房间,《夏洛特烦恼》显示了十足的诚意。

截至10月9日票房超过7个亿,这样的”用脚投票”,正是对一部作品最好的肯定。

不过,这绝不仅是一根开心的麻花,或一碗怀旧的酒。

故事中也包含着价值内核。

以中年人的经验回归青春,带着半辈子积累重走人生,却还是逃不过名缰利锁的缠绕、忽视了单纯美好的价值。

即便娶到女神、当了明星、住上豪宅,也不过是掉进了更大的虚无之中。

这也算是对那些把所谓”梦想”、所谓”成功”庸俗化者的当头棒喝--人生最基本的东西,都还没弄明白呢。

是的,《夏洛特烦恼》正是在这个层面上给人以信心,”有意思”和”有意义”并非势不两立,而是完全可以兼容,这是好的喜剧本就该有的特质。

电影巨匠卓别林,以喜剧投射社会政治文化,很多幽默却深刻的画面成为影史经典;而如冷面笑星巴斯特·基顿、法国导演雅克·塔蒂等,则以独特的喜剧风格,凸显人于现代世界中的荒谬处境。

作为一种叙事艺术类型,喜剧与其他艺术门类一样悠久,一样深厚。

”喜剧何为?”这或许正是我们当前的文艺环境中,《夏洛特烦恼》提出的问题。

现实中,一些电影最热衷的是打”性的擦边球”,充斥粗俗的”下半身玩笑”;一些作品打着”无厘头”的幌子,其实只是无趣无味的抖机灵,甚至以消解英雄、颠覆历史来制造噱头;还有一些喜剧,”拿旁人的痛苦让自己取乐”,还往往因涉及性别歧视、职业歧视或生理特征歧视等,引来很多抗议之声。

湖北省部分地市中考语文真题汇编 04记叙文阅读-人教版初中九年级全册语文试题

湖北省部分地市中考语文真题汇编 04记叙文阅读-人教版初中九年级全册语文试题

04记叙文阅读某某州奶奶的玉簪子王秋珍奶奶的玉簪子不见了!那个玉簪子,是当年奶奶的爸爸送给奶奶的妈妈的定情信物,奶奶一直视之如命。

每天早上,奶奶再忙都会把发髻梳得一丝不乱。

玉簪子被奶奶摸得日益剔透,散发着温润的光。

它安安稳稳地插在奶奶的发髫上,就像奶奶平静的生活。

丢了玉簪子就是丢了奶奶的命。

奶奶终日愁眉紧锁。

爷爷帮奶奶找了这头翻了那头。

“咱们眼睛花了记性差了,还是叫儿子回来找吧。

小时候,他找东西可机灵了。

”奶奶茫然而凄切的眼神,让爷爷心痛。

爷爷想不出别的法子,就五次三番地给父亲打。

父亲回家了。

见到父亲,奶奶的眼泪唰地下来了。

父亲宽慰道:“妈,玉簪子会找回来的。

”奶奶拉住父亲的手,就像拉住了救命稻草。

奶奶的眼神一遍遍地抚摸父亲,生怕地会长了翅膀飞走。

父亲让奶奶好好回忆回忆。

玉簪子丢之前,自己去过哪些地方。

父亲跟着奶奶来到了田野。

田垄上,奶奶种的扁豆开花了,它们仰着小鸟一样的嘴巴,好像在和奶奶说话。

奶奶轻轻地碰了碰它们的小脑袋说:“两天不见,又长大了。

”父亲蹲下身,拨弄起扁豆。

也许奶奶和扁豆聊天的时候,玉簪子掉了下来。

奶奶看着父亲的侧影说:“小时候,你不爱吃扁豆,却爱画扁豆花。

我就买了个大花盆,把扁豆种在家门口。

”父亲“哦”了一声,直起身来,看着扁豆花,似乎想起了久远的时光。

走进菜地,一畦畦的菜好水灵呀。

它们被奶奶伺候得像她的发髻一样,整整齐齐,乖巧听话。

奶奶带父亲来到空心菜前。

奶奶问:“还记得那个空心菜的故事吗?”父亲站在陌生的土地上,拨弄着和他生分的空心菜说:“记得记得。

狐狸精妲己在纣王面前进谗言,要宰相比干挖心表忠诚。

比干临死前,姜子牙给了他一道符,教他挖心后,将符贴于胸口,立即策马飞奔,不要回头,即使无心也不会死。

比干照着做了,没想到中途遇到一个妇人,在叫卖空心菜。

比干好奇地一回头,理科摔下马死了。

”奶奶点了点共,说:“小时候,你最爱看小人书。

”奶奶老了,也许,她只想陷进回忆,徜徉老时光了。

专题16 记叙性文体阅读(第04期)-2016年中考语文试题分项版汇编(原卷版)

专题16 记叙性文体阅读(第04期)-2016年中考语文试题分项版汇编(原卷版)

2016年中考试题精编版之分项专题16:记叙性文体阅读一、【2016年中考甘肃兰州卷】阅读下面文章。

(20 分)守桥葛俊康修,局部已经开始了垮塌,老葛每天都要到石桥上走走,看看,修一修,补一补。

老葛以前是学校的老师,退休后和老伴一起把家搬到了石桥的旁边。

呆了。

只见那汹涌的洪水,怒吼着从山上冲下来,挟带着大量的泥沙、石块、树枝,咆哮如雷的奔腾着,冲到桥洞口,顺着桥洞,吼一声,冲出去,往下游狂奔。

老葛站在桥头,感到石桥仿佛在颤抖,在呻吟。

老葛的心,也紧跟着抖动了一下。

这时,一颗大桃树,如一只下山的猛虎,从上游冲了下来。

冲到桥洞口,横在那里,不走了。

洪水轰轰隆隆地响着。

大树拦在那里,不一会儿上面就挂满了各种漂浮物。

老葛看着大树,心里轰的一声大响,大叫一声:“坏了。

”说完,就往石桥下冲。

妻子听到喊声,也从屋里冲了出来。

③老葛冲到桥洞口,用手不停地拉扯着大桃树。

大桃树卡在那里,死死地,动都不动。

洪水咆哮着,不停地狂涌着往桥上扑。

妻子忙上前帮着老葛。

两人拉扯了一会儿,大桃树还是死死地卡着。

树上的漂浮物越聚越多,越堆越厚。

④老葛站在桥上,望着桥上汹涌而来的洪水,和惊马般横冲直撞的树枝、竹木、乱草,双腿开始了颤抖,一种毛骨悚然、不寒而栗的感觉瞬间就贯遍了全身。

老葛剁了几下脚。

看了一眼妻子,说:“还站着干啥?快回家去拿锯子。

”⑤此时,洪水越来越大,眼看就要漫到桥面上了。

老葛的心更慌了。

老葛知道,再不想办法,这桥肯定是不保了。

桥垮了,孩子们上学咋办?老葛扒掉上衣,脱掉长裤,裸着身子站在桥上,用手撕扯着挂在大树上的一些树枝、乱草。

⑥妻子拿来锯子、绳子。

老葛把绳子一头栓在身上,另一头紧紧地拴在了桥头的一棵大树上。

老葛拿着锯子,毫不犹豫地跳到河里。

妻子用手拉着绳子。

老葛一手拿锯子,一手抓住大树,往树上爬。

爬上大树,老葛抹了一把脸上的泥水,横坐在上面,开始锯树。

妻子站在桥上,双手紧紧地抓住绳子,满脸的担心,说:“慢点,慢点,不要慌!千万不要让洪水把你冲下去了。

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2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(四)2016中考语文:时文阅读素材选辑(四)八、”毒舌男”叔本华”毒舌男”叔本华是个富二代,他生在钟鸣鼎食之家,诗礼簪缨之族,他的家族和曹雪芹家一样富甲一方,全盛时都曾接驾招待过国王。

然而,叔本华没有像宝玉一样成为纨绔公子哥,常年混迹于脂粉堆,而是出人意料地成为厌恶女人、尖酸刻薄的悲观主义哲学家。

其实,这一切的一切还要从他爹和他妈那不幸的婚姻谈起。

叔本华他爹比他妈大20岁,他爹是冷酷寡言的精明商人,他妈是爱幻想爱浪漫的文艺女作家,婚后二人性格极度不合,约翰娜不爱丈夫,也不爱儿子,她热爱觥筹交错的交际花生活。

此外,叔本华家族有精神病史,叔本华的奶奶疯了,他的两个叔叔也是疯子,叔本华他爹后来也因为饱受抑郁症和自闭症的折磨自杀了。

叔本华将父亲的自杀归咎于母亲成天在外不体贴照顾父亲,母子间嫌隙遂生。

叔本华为后世所津津乐道,绕不过三件事:一、著有《作为意志和表象的世界》;二、诋毁女人;三、骂黑格尔。

叔本华将对母亲的厌恶之情很不理智地上升到对天下所有女人的厌恶,他说:”只有男人的智慧被性冲动所蒙蔽时,才会称那些矮个子、窄肩膀、大屁股、小短腿的性别为美丽。

”在一次和女邻居的争吵中,他粗暴地将对方推倒,邻居受伤致残,法院判他给女邻居支付一辈子的生活费,于是就有了那句著名的”老妇死,重负释”。

叔本华非常讨厌黑格尔。

叔本华到柏林大学当老师时,黑格尔在柏林大学正如日中天,他的哲学课座无虚席,连过道中都站满了人。

为了和黑格尔分庭抗礼,叔本华很自负地将自己的课程排在了和黑格尔课程的同一时间。

于是,这样的场景就出现了:上课时,黑格尔那儿门庭若市、门都快被挤坏了,叔本华这儿冷冷清清只有两三个学生。

叔本华彻彻底底沦为黑格尔的手下败将,此后,叔本华骂黑格尔就骂上了瘾。

叔本华养了一条狗,他给狗起了个名字叫”世界精神”。

”世界精神”是黑格尔的专有术语,在黑格尔那里,世界历史就是世界精神的发展过程。

叔本华30岁就写出《作为意志和表象的世界》,写完后,他出门旅游,内心焦灼不安地等待着大家的赞美或是批评,可悲的是,竟然没人搭理他,他的书完全卖不出去。

其实,我知道有些人喜欢叔本华的悲剧哲学观,倒不是因为他们个个命运多舛、感同身受,主要是他们太闲了,日子太平淡了,于是就有了大把时间和精力可以去抱怨生活,”少年不识愁滋味,为赋新词强说愁”。

除此之外,大家喜欢叔本华,是因为《作为意志和表象的世界》这本哲学书里没有康德学究式的概念、黑格尔的晦涩文笔、斯宾诺莎的高深几何学方法,它风格清晰明了,偶尔还有个小幽默,全文紧凑地围绕着一个主题,那就是:”世界的本质是意志,人生就是斗争,就是一部悲剧的苦难史!”叔本华认为世界就是意志,所以它充满着痛苦和狰狞。

意志即是欲望,欲望总是沟壑难填。

娶了红玫瑰,白玫瑰成了床前明月光,红玫瑰沦为墙上的一抹蚊子血;娶了白玫瑰,红玫瑰成了心头一颗朱砂痣,白玫瑰沦为衣服上的一粒饭渣子。

欲望永远不能满足,意志永远是饥渴的。

对于人生,痛苦才是基本刺激,而快乐是痛苦的暂时中断,如果你此刻没有被痛苦所包围,那很快无聊就会侵入。

好比我们一开学就痛苦,一放假就无聊,”人生犹如钟摆,摇摆在痛苦和无聊之间”。

如果你的痛苦比别人多,不是因为你感情丰富、没事干或者悲天悯人,而是因为你比别人聪明。

”最低等的生命能感受到很小程度的痛苦,一个人越是有智慧,他的痛苦就越多。

”草履虫不怎么痛苦,是因为它的感官系统还有待进化,而聪明人总是见多识广、举一反三、触类旁通,他们记忆力强,对痛苦的感受比一般人多,所以,天才其实最痛苦!既然人生就是意志,意志就是斗争,意志就是痛苦,那如何消解痛苦,摆脱意志呢?叔本华提出了两条道路:一是通过艺术审美来暂时遗忘痛苦,二是通过理论和行动彻底摆脱痛苦。

尽管尼采和叔本华都认为人生就是悲剧,但二者解决问题的方法却不一样,叔本华付诸消灭意志,尼采付诸强化意志--与天斗与地斗其乐无穷!尽管叔本华的一生落落寡合、神经敏感、乖戾暴躁、爱吵爱跳,不招人待见,可他在我心里,其实就是一个小孩,一个没有长大的小孩,一辈子缺的都是:爱。

慢赏电影丨《海上钢琴师》:无处安放的孤独有些人能清楚地听见自己内心的声音,并按这个声音的指引生活。

这样的人,不是疯了,就是成了传说。

九、--《燃情岁月》这里是1900的传说,可以说他疯了,也可以认为他成为了传说,好似从来没有存在过。

《海上钢琴师》,是托纳多雷的第二部曲,他已经从《天堂电影院》的徘徊在世间名利场的小托托,过渡到了超脱的神似”精神病”患者的钢琴天才1900。

托纳托雷从影片的一开始便描述了一个20世纪初关于移民的经典镜头:”每当有人抬头看见’她’,很难理解,我是说,船上有上千号人:旅行的富人,外来的移民,陌生的过客和我们。

但是,总有一个人,也仅有一个人,会最先看到她,也许仅仅因为他坐在那里吃东西,或是在甲板上散步,也许他只是在那里整理一下裤子,他会抬起头,眺望海的那边,就会看到她。

他就会呆立在那里,心潮澎湃。

然后,每一次,我发誓,每一次,他都会转向我们,对着每个人喊叫--AMERICA!!”然后满船的人开始沸腾。

每个远离家乡的人对远方的期待、对梦想憧憬在这一刻喷薄而出。

他们代表的是大多数人,现在依然如此。

而这些人就隐约残留着那个常常趴在天堂电影院窗槛的小托托的影子吧,他不知道他有一天也会想要成为1900。

1900偶然的诞生,偶然的被发现,开始偶然又荒诞的海上人生。

一切的存在包括他自我的存在都是偶然的,孤独的。

到最后他的死亡都是荒诞的,他只存在于小号手的记忆里,那片老旧的黑胶唱片里。

我们会怀疑,这样的他存在过吗?这样的生命有存在的意义吗?这样的存在是怎样的存在?法国存在主义哲学家萨特说过,人是被”抛”到世界上来的,上帝、科学、理性、等对人都不相干,也就是说,它们都不能告诉我们生活的真理、生活的方式,同时,它们对人也没有任何的控制和约束的作用。

正因为如此,人有绝对的自由。

一个与世隔绝的环境给了1900一个纯粹的成长空间,给了他一个没有框架、没有限制的生命,他就有条件听从自我,听从内心,听从本性。

即便在他内心孤独到想要走下甲板,去寻找他的新生命的时候,他还是停下了脚步。

站在下舱梯中间的1900,凝视着面前陌生的城市。

很久,很久,最终甩掉他的高帽,快步返回了弗列基尼亚号。

他说,在船上,我拥有钢琴,我可以在它的88个琴键上奏出我所喜欢的无限的音乐,在这里,一切都在我的掌控之中。

可当我看着面前那个陌生的城市时候。

我突然感到恐惧,那是一个无限的钢琴,没有限制,你行走其中,永远都不会知道你要去弹奏什么。

在这样的世界,我要怎么去生活呢。

会有人说1900怯懦了、恐惧了,而慢师傅却看到了更大的虚无。

人之所以痛苦,是因为人同他的自下而上条件相脱节,面对着的是一个无法理解的世界,即是一个荒诞的世界,人永远只能忧虑和恐惧,正是忧虑和恐惧,才揭示人的真实存在。

是啊,1900不能属于一个”存在”之人吧,他背弃里了一个令他恐惧的世界,一个他永远不知道背后是什么的世界。

1900本就诞生在一个”异世界”,在那个烟囱高筑,满目栉比的高楼的世界本就没有存在过,他要追求的是一个无限世界里的自由。

他作了自己对生命的选择。

人活着,总有些自己所能理解的生存智慧,让我们去坚守一生。

1900他永远都是天真的,没有一丝的瑕疵,一直到他生命结束的那一刻。

他用自己选择的行动去承担他的生活。

1900从始至终都在为我们叙述着他的这一部存在主义哲学,他没有海子的悲观,”远方除了遥远一无所有。

”他有的是,无限里面,都是自己的生命。

他有的是对自由、纯粹的坚持,我们的生命不也如此?我们也许就是应该去寻求一个无穷无尽的生命,1900会在尽头弹奏着等着越来越多的听众。

十、《饥饿艺术家》:卡夫卡的眼泪卡夫卡去世前一个月,重读了他自己的这篇《饥饿艺术家》,据说看过之后泪流满面。

没有人清楚他究竟为什么流泪,但我想,那必定是和饥饿艺术家的共鸣。

从某种意义上来说,卡夫卡本人就是饥饿艺术家。

《饥饿艺术家》是卡夫卡创作于一九二二年,在临终前作过修改的唯一篇最优秀的短篇小说;也是论者甚众,歧义甚多的一部象征性作品。

其实,我认为卡夫卡是不希望看到自己的作品被人捧在手里去读的,更不要说去”解读”了。

现代派作品的阅读大多是痛苦的体验,我觉得《饥饿艺术家》的叙事艺术与鲁迅的《孔乙己》有共通之处,都是将崇高撕毁给人看,饥饿艺术家和孔乙己都是不可逆转地,一步步地滑落到悲剧的深渊。

饥饿艺术家经历四十天的饥饿极限在人生的大舞台为观众表演纯粹的饥饿艺术,引来观众如云,掌声阵阵。

艺术家并没有因此而陶醉其中,因为他清醒的意识到,他的观众和粉丝并不是真正在欣赏他的纯粹艺术,而是在欣赏他的表演才艺;在观众眼里,一个人不吃不喝能忍饿四十天简直就是天方夜谭,所谓的饥饿表演无异于马戏团的表演,杂耍艺人的表演。

这的确让艺术家痛苦莫名,因为”除了他自己以外,即使行家也没有人知道,饥饿表演是一件如此容易的事,这实在是世界上最轻而易举的事了”。

一个献身纯艺术的人凭着艺术家的良知和荣誉感,在表演期间,”无论在什么情况下都是点食不进的”,更何况他压根儿不是在表演,而是在展示艺术本身,”但是没有人相信”,从演出经理到由众人推选出的看守,”没有一个人能够认真体察他的心情”。

这才是艺术家感到痛苦的真实原因。

几年以后,人们开始厌弃这种饥饿表演了。

为了重振饥饿艺术,可怜的艺术家不得不受聘于马戏团,开始了与兽类为伍的演艺生涯。

演出当天,蜂拥而至的观众”从他身边扬长而过,不屑一顾”,直奔野兽表演区,没有人愿意在他面前驻足停留,就连管事也懒得为他换牌记数了。

整个演出期间,谁也没有记起这位可怜的艺术家,谁也不知道他到底饿了多少天。

直到表演告终的日子,管事在拨弄笼子里的腐草堆时才发现已经奄奄一息的艺术家。

令人不解的是饥饿艺术家的临终遗言既充满矛盾而又耐人寻味。

卡夫卡写到:”我一直在希望你们能赞赏我的饥饿表演,”饥饿艺术家说。

”我们也是赞赏的,”管事迁就地回答说。

”但你们不应该赞赏,”“因为我只能挨饿,我没有别的办法”饥饿艺术家说。

”你到底为什么没有别的办法呢?”管事说。

”因为我找不到适合自己口味的食物。

假如我找到这样的食物,请相信,我不会这样惊动视听,并像你和大家一样,吃得饱饱的。

”这是他最后的几句话,但在他那瞳孔已经扩散的眼睛里,流露着虽然不再是骄傲,,却仍然是坚定的信念:他要继续饿下去。

饥饿艺术家死了,应该说他是为了信念而死,为坚守他的纯粹艺术而死,确切地说他是因为”找不到适合自己口胃的食物”而死。

取而代之的是生机勃勃的黑豹,它狼吞虎咽地吃着渴望的食物,引来了阵阵围观。

故事以饥饿艺术家被草草埋葬而告终。

卡夫卡通过这篇小说究竟要告诉我们什么呢?”我虽然可以活下去,但我无法生存。

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