英美文学复习
英美文学复习要点.docx

选择10X2分填空10X3分名词解释5X4分简答5X4分论述1X10分选择&填空各章重要知识点:包扌臣各历史时期的文学流派特点标志,重要的代表作家及主要作品,作品的主要情节和主要人物。
名词解释&简答BeowulfepicalliterationballadRomanceHeroic CoupletsBlank VerseChaucer and The Canterbuiy Tales WilliamShakespeare&his great works SonnetMetaphysical PoetsThe RenaissanceEnlightenment RomanticismCritical RealismImagismModernismThe Stream of Consciousness 诗歌格律韵式辨析John Milton and Paradise LostJohn Bunyan and The Pilgrim? sProgress HumanismEnlightenmentNeoclassicismSentimantalism浪漫主义的重要诗人和代表作Byronic HeroesDramatic MonologueCritical RealismOedipus Complex 论述ChaucerShakespeareJohn MiltonHenry FieldingCharles DickensJane AustenThomas HardyRenaissance特点:1. There was a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and an expression of the general dissatisfaction at the Catholic and feudal ideas.2eHumanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.Representative Figures1) Thomas More Utopia2) Thomas Wyatt He was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.3) John Lyly the novel Eupheus gave rise to the term "euphuisrrT(绮丽体)euphuism refers to an affectedly elegant literary style of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, characterized by elaborate alliteration, antitheses(对照),and similes(明喻)•4) Christopher Marlowe Timur (《巾占木丿L》)he is known for his magnificent blank verse,《帖木儿》是一部英雄剧,塑造了一个叱咤风云却又野心勃勃的征服者形象,充分体现了文艺复兴时期的巨人精神。
英美文学选读复习资料

英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期:莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》等,以及弥尔顿的《失乐园》。
2、17世纪:约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌,以及约翰·班扬的《天路历程》。
3、18世纪:启蒙时期,亨利·菲尔丁和理查逊的小说,以及亚历山大·蒲柏的讽刺诗歌。
4、19世纪:浪漫主义时期,包括拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的诗歌,以及简·奥斯汀、爱米莉·勃朗特等的小说。
5、维多利亚时期:查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代等作家的小说,以及马修·阿诺德、约翰·罗斯金等人的诗歌。
二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期:包括华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传说》、爱伦·坡的短篇小说、以及纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》。
2、现实主义时期:包括马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、亨利·詹姆斯的小说、以及艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌。
3、20世纪:包括F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等文学作品。
三、文学术语和概念1、象征主义:通过象征性的符号或形象来表达某种思想或情感。
2、叙事视角:从特定的角度来描述故事,常见的有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称等。
3、意象主义:通过形象和比喻来表达情感和思想。
4、文艺复兴:欧洲历史上的一次文化运动,强调人文主义和古希腊罗马文化。
5、玄学派:17世纪英国的一种文学流派,强调诗歌中的哲学思考和神秘主义。
6、悲剧:一种戏剧类型,通常表现英雄人物的悲惨命运。
7、喜剧:一种戏剧类型,通常表现幽默、讽刺等轻松愉快的主题。
8、自然主义:一种文学流派,强调对自然和社会现实的客观描写。
9、超验主义:一种哲学思想,强调个人经验和直觉,反对传统权威。
英美文学期末考试复习

第一章殖民主义时期的文学1、American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.American Puritanism influences on American literature:a. Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义b. Symbolism 象征主义c. Simplicity. 简洁清教徒采用的文学体裁:a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记清教徒在美国的写作内容:1)their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About dealing with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit清教徒的思想:1)puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂,提供简单服务,建立神圣地位3)look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民,对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝4)puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5)religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面,忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
英美文学选读复习

英美文学选读复习英美文学选读复习1.莎士比亚的生平2.莎士比亚的戏剧创作生涯3.莎士比亚戏剧的代表作品及其故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义(1)威尼斯商人4.莎士比亚的诗歌(1)叙事诗(2)十四行诗 185.莎士比亚戏剧的思想意义(1)对社会现实的批判(2)对人文主义的颂歌6.莎士比亚的艺术成就(1)人物塑造(2)情节结构(3)语言风格7.选读十四行诗 18 的主题、意象《威尼斯商人》的主题、人物性格、语言特点《哈姆雷特》的主题、人物性格、语言特点B约翰?弥尔顿1.弥尔顿的生平2.弥尔顿的文学创作3.《利西达斯》:挽歌及其特点4.选读史诗《失乐园》故事梗概、主题结构、人物塑造、语言风格、作品意义C亚历山大?蒲伯1.蒲伯的生平及创作生涯2.蒲伯的时代观与文学观3.蒲伯的主要作品介绍4.蒲伯的语言风格5.选读《论批评》第二部分(1)作品简介(2)作品体裁、结构、语言风格D丹尼尔笛福1.笛福的生平:个人事业和社会活动2.笛福的社会观3.笛福的主要作品介绍4.笛福的创作特点5.选读:《鲁滨逊漂流记》4故事简介作者的创作意义:时代精神的.写照1.华兹华斯的生平及创作生涯2.华兹华斯的诗歌创作主张3.华兹华斯的诗歌(1)抒情诗:《丁灯寺旁》4.华兹华斯诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5.华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就6.华兹华斯的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响7.选读:《我孤独地漂泊犹如一片浮云》《作于西敏寺桥上》《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》《孤独的割麦女》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等F珀?比?雪莱1.雪莱的生平2.雪莱的诗歌创作主张3.雪莱的主要作品抒情诗:《西风颂》《云雀颂》诗剧:《解放了的普罗米修斯》4.雪莱诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5.雪莱的诗歌对同时代及后世英国文学的影响6.选读:《西风颂》:主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色G约翰?济慈1.济慈的生平及创作生涯2.济慈的美学思想3.济慈的主要诗作《夜莺颂》《希腊古瓮颂》《安底弥翁》《伊莎贝拉》4.济慈诗歌的主要特点及思想意义5.济慈的诗歌对同时代英国文学的影响6.选读:《希腊古瓮颂》主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等H简?奥斯汀1.奥斯汀的生平及创作生涯2.奥斯汀的小说创作思想3.奥斯汀的小说《理智与情感》《诺桑觉寺》《曼斯菲尔德公园》《傲慢与偏见》《爱玛》《劝告》4.奥斯汀小说的主要特点及社会意义5.奥斯汀的小说对后世英国文学的影响6.选读:《傲慢与偏见》1 主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、表现手法等I查尔斯?狄更斯1.狄更斯的生平及创作生涯2.狄更斯作品中的批判现实主义思想与社会改良主义倾向3.狄更斯前期作品的思想与艺术特征4.狄更斯后期作品的思想与艺术特征5.狄更斯的创作特色与艺术成就(1)语言(2)3种人物的刻画(3)幽默与哀婉情感的交融6.狄更斯小说目录7.选读《雾都孤儿》第3章故事简介主题:济贫院J夏洛特?布朗蒂1.夏洛特的生平2.夏洛特的创作思想和主题3.选读《简?爱》第23章故事梗概作品的批判现实主义思想作品的社会意义作品女主人公的形象在逆境中求自我道德完善的主题K托马斯?哈代1.哈代的生平与创作2.哈代的创作倾向:传统观念与现代思想的并存3.哈代作品中的“宿命观”4.哈代作品中的批判现实主义思想5.哈代作品的艺术特色6.选读《德伯家的苔丝》19 故事梗概作品主题L威廉?勃特勒?叶芝1.叶芝的生平及文学生涯2.叶芝的诗歌创作思想3.叶芝诗歌的代表作品(1)早期诗歌:(2)中期诗歌(3)晚期诗歌4.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义5.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就6.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响7.叶芝的戏剧创作8.选读:《茵纳斯弗利岛》《在阔叶柳花园旁边》M D.T.S.艾略特1.艾略特的生平几创作生涯2.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观点3.艾略特的主要诗歌作品(1)《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》(2)《荒原》4.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义5.艾略特的戏剧6.艾略特的艺术成就7.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对当代英国的影响8.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义9.选读《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 N戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1.劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯2.劳伦斯的创作思想3.劳伦斯的主要小说(1)《儿子与情人》《虹》《恋爱中的女人》4.劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义5.劳伦斯的诗歌与戏剧6.劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响7.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义8.选读《儿子与情人》人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等。
英美文学考试复习点重点整理

英美文学考试复习点重点整理1.现实主义、批判现实主义(代表人物、作品,以及每部作品讲了什么故事)P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么?P281 《双城记》主要讲什么?P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么?P2922.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些?3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字:first impression(Pride and prejudice现)4.三姐妹指的是?5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题:“A Novel Without a Hero”作者:William Makepeace Thackeray P3036.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想?7.Pop代表作有哪些?P134 剪发记?8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成?Leading Feature? P1169.乌托邦is written in form of ?P3310.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁?P5011.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8?12.最著名作家:乔叟P1913.对于三次征服的概念(1)罗马征服P1 (2)英国人征服P2(3)诺曼征服P514.人民大宪章什么时候出现?时间:1837年1.John MiltonHe was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.2.RomanceRomance was the most prevailing kind of literature of theupper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.3.the EnlightenmentIt is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, socialcustom, and religious belief.4.NeoclassicismThe neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century and brought about a revival of interest in the old classical work. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be in judged in terms of its service to humanity./doc/0d16361832.html,ke poetsAlso called Lake School, it is a name applied to a group of poets in the 19th century, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. They had lived in the Lake District in the northwest of England and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their works.6.MetaphysicalAbout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a schoolof poets called “Metaphysical”, including Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Vaughan, and Crashaw. The work of the metaphysical poets are characterized their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression and by generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.7.Heroic coupletsA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. The use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Chaucer in The legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.8.BalladsBallad was the most important department of English folk literature. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are anonymous narrative poems bearing the characteristics of folklore and designed for singing or oral recitation in various English and Scottish dialects. Ballad is mainly the literature of the common people and one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society through the ballads. The subjects of ballad are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal—minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle. Usually a ballad deals with a single episode and the beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction to the characters and background information.回答问题1.撒旦为什么选择伊甸园作为复仇之地2.写一个关于傲慢与偏见的小结(作者、人物角色、情节、后果)和主题评价Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.翻译题1.P103①Throw open all doors; let the re be light ; let every man think and bring his thoughts to the light;dread not any diversities of opinion.②Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity.③Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the marking.2.P193It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewedinterest in medieval literature.。
(精品)英美文学复习资料(全)

文学体裁:诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧dramaOrigin起源:Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经Myth 神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士(笔记)一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)例子:of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。
英美文学复习

•Works:LyricalBallads,KublaKhan
•George Gordon Byron 1788-1824
•Works:DonJuan
•Percy Bysshe Shelly 1792-1822
•Works:Ode to the West Wind”,西风颂
•The Rise of the Realistic Novel
•Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记)
VI. The Romantic
•A: Poetry:
•William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge:Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集
Four Great Tragedies:5
Four Great Comedies:5
Poetry5
5.Romanticism浪漫主义6
6. English novel7
Jane Austen7
Works:7
Charles John Huffam Dickens7
7. A Brief Survey of American Literature8
Major Romantic Poets:
•William Blake 1757-1827
•Songs of Innocence
•William Wordsworth 1770-1850
•Works:Lyrical Ballads(marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature),I wander Lonely as a Cloud
英美文学复习资料

英美文学复习资料英美文学I. 本期讲过的所有名家名作II.名词术语:Ode——in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event.Alliteration——It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme.It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.e.g. He came on under the clouds, clearly saw at lastRage-inflamed, wreckage-bent, be ripped openKenning——a figurative language in order to add beauty to ordinary objects. It is a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object.e.g. Helmet bearer—— warriorSwan road——the seaThe world candle—— the sunRepetition &Variatione.g. Grendel / The spoiler / warlike creature /the foe / horrible monsterA host of young soldiers / a company ofKinsmen / a whole warrior-bandCaesura——every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between which is a pause, called caesura.e.g. Grendel stalking; God’s brand was on him.the gold-hall of men, the mead-drinking placenailed with gold plates. That was not the first visitBallad——is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song, particularly the pop or rock power ballad.Epic——is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primary, or original, epics. One such epic is the Old English story Beowulf. Epics that attempt to imitate these like Milton’s Paradise Lost are known as literary, or secondary, epics.The six main characteristics:1. The hero is outstanding. He might be important, and historically or legendarily significant.2. The setting is large. It covers many nations, or the known world.3. The action is made of deeds of great valor or requiringsuperhuman courage.4. Supernatural forces—gods, angels, demons—insert themselves in the action.5. It is written in a very special style.6. The poet tries to remain objective.Sonnet (Italian Sonnet, Shakespearean Sonnet, Spenserian Sonnet, Miltonic Sonnet)①Italian sonnetcreated by Giacomo da Lentini, head of the Sicilian School.Petrarch (1304-1374) most famous early sonneteerIt falls into two main parts:an octave rhyming “abbaabba” (set up a problem ) + volta followed by a sestet rhyming “cdecde” or some variant, such as “cdccdc” (answer)②English / Shakespearean sonnetThe greatest practitioner: William Shakespearethree quatrains followed by a coupletoften presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains ?The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.——a fourteen-line poem of iambic pentameters. This form is made up of 3 quatrains and a couplet, rhyming:ababcdcdefefgg③Spenserian sonnetA variant on the English form is the Spenserian sonnet, named after Edmund Spenserthree quatrains connected by the interlocking rhyme scheme and followed by a couplet ?the rhyme scheme is abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee——has the rhyme scheme ababbcbccdcdee and no breakbetween the octave (an eight line stanza) and the sestet( a six line stanza). It is named after the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser.④Miltonic SonnetConceit——in literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom of Mannerism, during the later sixteenth and early seventeenth century. Simile—is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements ha ving at least one quality or characteristic in common.Simile is almost always introduced bythe following words:like,as,as…as,as it were,as if,as though,be something of,similar to, etc.Metaphor—is a figure of speech where comparison is implied.It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality.But unlike a simile,this comparison is implied,n ot expressed with the word"as"or"like".Symbol——In literary usage, a symbol is a specially evocative kind of image: that is, a word or phrase referring to a concrete object, scene, or action which also has some further significance associated with it.Types of SymbolsI. Universal or cultural symbols/traditional symbolsare those whose associations are the common property of asociety or culture and are so widely recognized and accepted that they can be said to be almost universal.e.g. water—lifeSerpent—the DevilLamb—Jesus ChristII. Contextual, Authorial, or Private symbolsare those whose associations are neither immediate nor traditional; instead, they derive their meaning, largely if not exclusively, from the context of the work in which they are used.e.g. the albatross in Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”Synecdoche——a figure of speech in which a part is substituted for a whole or a whole for a part e.g.My baby woke for a bottle.[提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.]Oxymoron——is a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to be contradictory.Oxymora appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors (such as "ground pilot") and literary oxymorons crafted to reveal a paradox. The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective–noun combination of two words. For example, the following line from Tennyson's Idylls of the King contains two oxymora: And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.e.g. painful pleasure a thunderous silencePun——The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intendedhumorous or rhetorical effect. Puns are used to create humor and sometimes require a large vocabulary to understand. Puns have long been used by comedy writers, such as William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, and George Carlin.Puns can be classified in various ways:①The homophonic pun, a common type, uses word pairs which sound alike (homophones) but are not synonymous.②A homographic pun exploits words which are spelled the same (homographs) but possess different meanings and sounds.③Homonymic puns, another common type, arise from the exploitation of words which are both homographs and homophones.④A compound pun is a statement that contains two or more puns.⑤A recursive pun is one in which the second aspect of a pun relies on the understanding of an element in the first.⑥Visual puns are used in many logos, emblems, insignia, and other graphic symbols, in which one or more of the pun aspects are replaced by a picture.Personification——a figure of speech which represents abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities, including physical, emotional, and spiritual; the application of human attributes or abilities to nonhuman entities.ExaggerationDramatic monologue—— a kind of poem in which the speaker is imagined to be addressing a silent audienceIrony——in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device,literarytechnique, or event characterized by an incongruity, or contrast, between what the expectations of a situation are and what is really the case.——A subtly humorous perception of inconsistency, in which an apparently straightforward statement or event is undermined by its context so as to give it a very different significance.Allusion——is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance from an external context. It is left to the reader or hearer to make the connection; where the connection is detailed in depth by the author, it is preferable to call it "a reference". Literary allusion is closely related to parody and pastiche, which are also "text-linking" literary devices. A type of literature has grown round explorations of the allusions in such works as Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock or T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. James JoyceRomanticism——Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.Modernism——Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets, novelists, painters, and musicians between 1910 and the early years after the World War II. The term includes various trends or schools, such as imagism, expressionism, dadaism, stream of consciousness, and existentialism. It means a departure from theconventional criteria or established values of the Victorian age.The basic themes of modernism:1. Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism. In the eyes of modernist writers, the modern world is a chaotic one and is incomprehensible.2. Although modern society is materially rich, it is spiritually barren. It is a land of spiritual and emotional sterility.3. Human beings are helpless before an incomprehensible world and no longer able to do things their forefathers once did.The characteristics of modernism:1. Complexity and obscurity: (juxtaposition, no limitation of space)2. The use of symbols: (symbol: a means to express their inexpressible selves)3. Allusion: (Allusion is an indirect reference to another work of literature, art, history, or religion.)4. Irony: (an expression of one’s meaning by using words that mean the direct opposite of what one really intends to convey.)Rhyme scheme——the pattern in which the rhymed line-endings are arranged in a poem or stanza. Head rhyme: As busy as a bee End rhymeCrossed rhymeWill ye bridle the deep sea with reins, will ye chasten the high sea with rods?Will ye take her to chain her with chains, who is older than all ye Gods?Internal rhyme:“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary" Iambic meter/ trochaicmeter/anapestic meterIamb is a metrical unit (foot) of verseabout [?'ba?t] =?+'ba?t[?'ba?t]an unstressed syllable(?) +a stressed syllable(?)=one iambic foot/meterAbout about about about about=iambic pentameter抑扬格(iambic):如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为轻,后者为重,则这种音步叫抑扬格音步,其专业术语是(iamb, iambic.)。
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英美文学复习F ? Scott Fitzgerald1、 F ? Scott Fitzgerald is not the author of ______、A、This Side of ParadiseB、Tender is the nightC、The Great GatsbyD、In Our Time2、 F ? Scott Fitzgerald shows an interest in the spiritual predicament of ______ in his fiction、A、the working-class peopleB、the upper-class societyC、the exiles in ParisD、intellectuals and artists、The purpose of3、In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, there are detailed descriptions of big partiessuch descriptions is to show______、A、emptiness of lifeB、the corruption of the upper classC、contrast of the rich and the poorD、the happy days of the Jazz Age4、“He is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him insearch of the American Dream、” T he character referred to in the passage is most likely the protagonist of ______、A、Fitzgerald’s The Great GatsbyB、Dreiser’s An American TragedyC、Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell TollsD、Twain’s The Adventures of Hucklebe5、When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East butwas disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______thematic concern in his fiction writing、A、Henry JamesB、Scott FitzgeraldC、Ernest HemingwayD、William Faulkner6、In the beginning paragraph of Chapter 3, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald describes a big party bysaying that “men and girls came and went like moths、” T he author most likely indicates that______、A、there was a crowd of party-goersB、such life does not have real meaningC、these people were light-heartedD、these were crazy and ignorant charactersmuch more than understandingly、It was one of those rare7、“He smiled understandingly—smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times inlife、It faces—or seemed to face—the whole external world for an instant, and then concentratedon you with an irresistible prejudice in your in your favor、”A、Identify the author and the title of the novel from which the passage is taken、B、Who is “He” ?C、What is going on in this part of the novel?答案:A、F、Scoot Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby;B、Gatsby;C、 A luxurious party is being held in Gatsby's house、8、“… I glanced back once、 A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby’s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden、 Asudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gestureof farewell、A、Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken、B、The passage describes the end of an event、What is it?C、What implied meaning can you get after reading this passage?答案:A、F、Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby、B、It is a description of the end of a big party、C、The passage hints at the meaninglessness, spiritual emptiness and vanity of such a pleasure-seeking life、There is a tragic sense、9、How did “The lost Generation” come into existence in the literary history of the United States?mean? Who were the leading figures of this literaryWhat does the term “The lost Generation” movement? (Give at least two)When the first Word War broke out, many American young men volunteered to take part in"the war to end war's only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be、Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experiences in the war、Amongthese young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modernAmerican literature、They were basically expatriates who left American and formed a communityof writers and artists in Pairs, involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of thought and expression、These writers were named by an American writer, Gertrude Stein ," The Lost Generation" Among the greatest figures in "The Lost Generation" are Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Robert Frost, F、Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and William Faulkner、10、Why is The Great Gatsby a successful novel?A、Evoking a haunting mood of a glamorous, wild time that seemingly will never come again;B、Sense of loss and disillusionment that comes with the failure embodied fully in the personal tragedy of a young man whose "incorruptible dream" "smashed into pieces by the relentless reality"'C、Gatsby, a mythical figure whose personal experience approximates a sense of mind of the American ; the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him insearch of his personal grail, Gatsby's failure predicts to great extent the end of the American dream、11、The ___Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to lifein The Great Gatsby、A、LostB、Jazz B、Reason D、Gildeds house through the summer nights、In his blue12、“There was music from my neighbor’ gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne andthe stars、At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, ortaking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the ends his Rolls-Roycebecame and omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and longpast midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains、Andon Mondays eight servants, including and extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing-brushes and hammers and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before、”Questions:A、Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken、B、What can you imply by reading this passage?C、What do the “moths” symbolize?[解析]:A、F、Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby、、B、This passage describes Gatsby’s extravaganceC、Moths are used metaphorically to refer to those people who are drawn to the party simply for its glamour, for the wealth of Gatsby、。