定语从句难点突破(DOC)
初中英语教材中后置定语的难点突破
外语教学与研究2016.06初中英语教材中后置定语的难点突破●杨晓燕1.初中学生学习后置定语的现状英语属于印欧语系,而汉语属于汉藏语系,在本质上有很大区别。
对于中国的学生来说,汉语作为他们的母语,对英语学习既产生正迁移也有负迁移。
初学阶段的他们很容易接受前置定语,这是正迁移,而同时对后置定语的学习就产生了负迁移,所以在他们的口语表达中、翻译句子中和作文中总是出现这样的英语表达:误:There people are friendly to us.正:The people there are friendly to us.在阅读文中,当出现动词-ing形式和过去分词作后置定语时,学生很难判断出它们的句法功能,导致对句子的理解出现偏差。
英语教师要引导学生学会用英语思维,养成英语思维习惯,并且对这类语法知识进行梳理,运用科学合理的方法来教,同时教会学生有效的学习方法。
2.初中英语常见的后置定语的类型梳理在笔者完成第一轮新教材的教学之后,对教材在后置定语的渗透上有两点明显感受,一是由简单(易)到复杂(难);二是数量由少到多。
笔者对三个学年的教材中后置定语的类型进行了梳理和归纳,总的来讲,初中英语教材中有以下几种常见的后置定语形式。
2.1介词短语作后置定语We have green sweaters for only$15!(SB G7A Unit7)以八下教材为例,书中有大量的介词短语作后置定语,特别是of格构成的后置定语占了很大比重;表地点的介词短语,about和for构成的介词短语。
如the importance of making good decisions(SB G8B Unit1),folk stories about this festival(SB G9Unit2), requests for directions(SB G9Unit3)等。
2.2动词不定式作后置定语除介词短语外,动词不定式也是比较常见的后置定语的一种形式。
定语从句专项练习2(重难点-易错点和错题重现).doc
定语从句专项练习2（重难点，易错点及错题重现）1.Til never forget the days we worked together.2.Til never forget the days we spent together.3.1went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.1went to the place I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reoson he was late.6.This is the reason he gave me.7.The reason he gave me is not reasonable.8.The reason he is late is reasonable.9.When you read books, you had better make a mark at thespot you have any questions.10.When you read books , you had better make a mark you have any questions.11.He did all / everything he could to help me.12.This is the very thing I am after.13.We talked about the men and the things we remembered at school.14.He is the only man can do the work.15.This is the first thing I want to say.16.He is the finest man I have ever worked with.17.Who is the man spoke to you at the gate.18.Which is the star is nearest to the earth.19.Is there anything else you want to say?20.Any person has the money can join the group.21.He often speaks the role he played in the play,made others upset.22.He opened the door, in front of sat a boy.23.The man to I spoke is a famous scientist.24.The boy mother is dead was brought up by his father.25.This is the teacher teaches us maths.26.She is the girl I met at the party.27.The money is in the wallet is mine.28.The money my mother gave me yesterday has been stolen.29 .This is the house my sister lives in.30.This is the room they once lived.31.Til never forget the day I joined the army.32.This is the reason I failed.33.The pencil he wrote was broken.34.She has three children, all are at school.35.China has a lot of famous writers, one is Lu Xun.36.He has lost the key to the box the papers arekept.37 My glasses,I was like blind man, fell to the ground and broke.38. The age children can go to school is seven.39The bike he went to work was stolen last night.40.This is the factory I once worked.41.The house he spent 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.42.The house he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.43.This is the hero we are proud.44 .1 can't find the very pen I wrote that letter.45. Do you know the boy your mother is talking?46.1still remember the day I first got to Paris.47.He gave me some novels I am not very familiar.48.The person you should write is Mr. Hall.49.1lost the book there are five color pictures.50.The day we can send men into space has come at last.51.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,（它的价格）was very reasonable.52.The headmaster（他的学校）Mr. Brown teaches in is a man who works hard53.1don't know the student Tom quarreled yesterday.54.1don't know the thing Tom and Mary quarreled yesterday.55. This is the hotel you will stay.56.She is the girl I went there.57. This is the house my sister lives58.1 will never forget the day I first went to school.59.1 will never forget the day we spent in Beijing.60.The house we visited is being repaired now.61.The house Luxun once lived is being repaired now.62.Is this the factory we visited last week?63.Is this factory we visited last week?64.Is this the factory his father works?65.The reason he was late was that his mother was ill.66.The reason he gave for his being late was his motherwas ill .67.The man you shook hands just now is our headmaster.68.The room my family live used to be a garage.69.Did you find the pen I wrote just now?70.Did you find the paper I wrote my letter?71.Did you find the composition I wrote just now?72.1will never forget the day. I first went to school on the day.73.1will never forget the day I first went to school.74.1will never forget the day I first went to school.75.（k匕较）I will never forget the year I first went to school.Last week we visited the factory. My brother works in it.Last week we visited the factory my brother works.Last week we visited the factory my brother works in.Last week we visited the factory my brother works.76.（比较）He didn't come for the reason. The reason was not clear The reason he didn't come was not clear.The reason he didn't come was not clear.77.All is useful to us is good.A. whichB.whatC.thatD.whether78.Is this factory the foreign visitors visited last week?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.the one79.She will never forget the days she spent in Beijing.A.whenB.whatC.whichD.why80.Here is the bicycle in the shop.A.that you saw itB.that saw itC.you sawD.you saw it81.Those to take part in the game write down your names, please.A.whoB.who wantC.that wants D want82.I,your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who isB.what isC.what amD.who am83.He is not the man he used to be.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as84.This is the only thing I can do now.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.all85.1don't like the way he spoke to me.A.by thatB.whatC.by whichD./86.It is the library I borrowed the book.87.is from this library I borrowed the book.88.---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?---It was in the hotel I lived.89.We all have heard the news our team won.90.We don't believe in the news he told us yesterday.91.The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.92.We should go to the place we are most needed.93.We should go to the place needs us most.94.It was October we met in Lucy for the first time.95.It was in October we met in Lucy for the first time.96.This is the most exciting football match I have ever seen.97.It is the third time you have been late this week.98.The reason he didn't attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill.99.The reason he didn't attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill.100.The reason for his failure is he didn't work hard.。
定语从句关系代词重难点讲解
定语从句关系代词重难点讲解一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用)：﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。
例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
定语从句教案重难点
定语从句教案重难点一、定语从句的概念与作用1. 定语从句的定义：定语从句是一种dependent clause，用来修饰名词或代词，起到形容词的作用。
2. 定语从句的作用：在句子中，定语从句起到修饰名词或代词的作用，使句子更加具体、明确。
3. 定语从句与先行词的关系：定语从句与先行词之间通过关系词来连接，关系词在定语从句中起到连接作用，并在定语从句中担任一定的语法成分。
二、关系词的分类与用法1. 关系代词：who, which, that等，用于指代人或物。
2. 关系副词：where, when, why等，用于表示地点、时间和原因。
3. 关系代词和关系副词的用法：关系词在定语从句中担任一定的语法成分，如主语、宾语、表语等。
关系词的选择要根据先行词和定语从句的语境来确定。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句：定语从句对先行词起到限定作用，即如果去掉定语从句，句子的意思会发生改变。
2. 非限制性定语从句：定语从句对先行词起到补充说明作用，即如果去掉定语从句，句子的主要意思不会发生改变。
3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法：在句子中，限制性定语从句通常用逗号与主句分开，而非限制性定语从句则不用逗号与主句分开。
四、定语从句的倒装1. 定语从句的倒装现象：在定语从句中，关系词位于主语之前，即关系词+ 谓语+ 主语。
2. 定语从句倒装的用法：定语从句的倒装主要用于强调关系词或先行词，使句子更加突出。
3. 定语从句倒装的注意事项：并非所有的定语从句都需要倒装，要根据句子的语境和意义来判断是否需要倒装。
五、定语从句的练习与巩固1. 练习题：请根据先行词和语境，选择合适的关系词，并填入空格中。
2. 练习题：请将下列句子改为定语从句，并注意关系词的选择和倒装现象。
3. 练习题：请判断下列句子中的定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，并解释原因。
六、关系代词who的用法1. who的定义：who用于指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
定语从句难点巧破解
在 定 语 从句 当 中 ， 物 的 关 系 代 词 有 ｔａ和ｗ ｉｈ 个 ， 指 ｈ ｔ ｈｃ 两 指 代 地 点 的关 系 副 词 有ｗ ｅｅ 但 在 上 述 两 例 题 当 中 ，先 行 词 ｈｒ。 ｆ ｔｒ既 是 事 物 又 是 地 点 ， 于此 类 问 题 ， 们 先 将 句 子 翻 译 ａ ｏｙ ｃ 对 我 成汉语 ， 析其中的逻辑关系 ； 分 再看 定语 从 句 的 谓 语 动 词 与 先 行 词 的 关 系 ， 谓 语 动 词 为 及 物 动 词 ， 用 关 系 代 词 ； 为 不 如 则 如 及 物 动 词 ， 用 关 系 副词 。 体 看 例２ 该 句意 思 为 ：你 访 问过 则 具 ， “ 的那 家 工 厂 毁 于 一 场 大 火 。 定 语 从 句 的 谓 语 动 词 为 “ｉｔ ” ” ｖ ｉｄ ， ｓｅ 先 行 词 为 “ｈ ｆｃ ｒ” 根 据 句 意 为 “ 问 工 厂 ” 即 “ｉｔｄｔｅ ｔｅ ａｔ ， ｏ ｙ 访 ， ｖｓｅ ｈ ｉ ｆ ｔｒ” 定 语 从 句 的谓 语 动 词 是 及 物 动 词 ， 宾 语 ， 此 选 择 ａｏ ， ｃｙ 缺 因 础 日语 、 力 、３ 等 课 程 组 合 一 个 整体 ， 种 整 体 性 课 程 ， 听 １语 ： 这 有 助 于学 生 的 主动 性 参 与积 极 性 ．从 而 能 够 积 极 建 构 起 已有 的 日语 词 汇及 相 关 日语 知 识 之 间 的结 点 连 接 与 思维 发散 。 我 认 为 ． 日语 专 业 生 成 性 课 程 虽 也 包 含 有 某 些 计 划 和 某 些 预 设 程 式 ． 它 应 该 是 灵 活 性 的 、 有 弹 性 的 。 日语 教 师 应 但 具 该 充 分 预期 和想 象 课 程 发 展 ，以及 学 生 课 堂 反 应 的所 有 可 能 性 ． 能 够 充 分 地 把 弹性 与灵 活性 展 现 出来 。 种 预设 程 式 中 才 这 也 包 含 弹性 计 划 的课 程 内 容 ，能 够 为 日语 专 业 生 成 性 课 程 提 供 设 计 思 路 ：一 是 日语 专 业 生 成 性 课 程 设 计 应 该 加 强 课 堂 教 学 情 境 的多 样 性 ；二 是预 设 性 课 程 与 生 成 性 课 程 存 在 着 一 定 的 中 日共 同文 化 情 境 的背 景 及 联 系 。 四 、 生 共 建 日语 生 成 性 课 程 的条 件要 求 师
定语从句关系代词重难点讲解
定语从句关系代词重难点讲解一．几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用)：﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。
例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
最新定语从句中介词加关系副词的用法重点难点解析
最新定语从句中介词加关系副词的用法重点难点解析一、介词在定语从句中的用法1. 引导定语从句的介词可放在句首，也可放在句末在定语从句中，引导定语从句的介词可以放在句首或句末。
例如：- This is the house in which I grew up.- The room, in which he always studied, was very small.2. 关系代词和介词的搭配规则在定语从句中，关系代词和介词之间的搭配关系有以下几种情况：- 先行词前可以有介词时，用which/whom/that等关系代词来引导定语从句。
例如：- The book on which he stepped is mine.- The girl with whom he is talking is his sister.- 先行词前不能有介词时，用whose/that/whom/which等关系代词来引导定语从句。
例如：- The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.- The person that I met yesterday is a famous actor.3. 只能用关系副词引导的定语从句有一些情况下，只能用关系副词引导定语从句。
例如：- The reason why he refused the offer is still unknown.- That is the place where we first met.二、定语从句中介词加关系副词的难点解析1. 关系副词和介词的搭配在定语从句中，关系副词和介词的搭配需要注意以下几点：- 先行词前可以有介词时，用介词+which/whom等关系代词来引导定语从句。
例如：- That is the book on which I'm working.- 先行词前不能有介词时，用关系副词+which/that等关系代词来引导定语从句。
定语从句重难点分析
定语从句重难点分析
定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句，用来给出更多的描述信息。
它是英语语法中的一个重要部分，也是写作中的常用手法。
以下是定语从
句的几个重难点：
1. 引导词的选择：定语从句的引导词主要有关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词包括that、which、who、whom、whose，关系副词包括where、when、why。
在选择引导词时需要注意前面名词的性质和上下文的
意思。
2. 引导词在从句中的作用：定语从句中的引导词在从句中充当特定
的成分。
关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose可以分别代替并引入
名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语，并在从句中充当相应的成分，如
主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
关系副词where、when、why在从句中分别
表示地点、时间、原因。
3.限定性和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰，并且对整个句子的意思起到限定的作用，如果省略，整个句子的意思就不
完整。
非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明，但不对整个句子的意
思起到限定的作用，如果省略，整个句子的意思仍然完整。
非限定性定语
从句一般用逗号和先行词隔开，而限定性定语从句则不可以省略。
4.定语从句的位置：定语从句可以放在被修饰的名词前面或者后面，
但是位置的选择会影响到修饰成分和整个句子的流畅度，需要根据具体情
况进行选择。
以上是定语从句中的一些重难点，掌握好这些规则和技巧可以帮助我
们正确使用定语从句，使写作更加准确和流畅。
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———定语从句难点突破定语从句是学生解题的难点，下面就定语从句的难点进行归纳总结，从而让学生深刻地领悟理解定语从句，进而掌握解题技巧。
1.先判断先行词是人还是物。
2.确定关系代词或关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中充当何种句子成分。
3.还原定语从句，检验先行词在定语从句充当的成分。
在处理综合试卷的过程中，遇到这样的一道题：He didn’t put the things ____ they belonged, for＿＿reason he got his punishment.（D）A.which; thatB. what; thisC. that; whoseD. where; which学生答错率较高。
“他没有把那些东西放回到他们本该在(原来)的地方，为此他受到了惩罚。
” 第一空语境分析，东西应放在什么地方。
Where引导状语从句时意为“在…的地方”；结构分析，belong 为不及物动词，常用固定搭配belong to。
They belonged句从结构上说选出的词只能用来做状语；如句子为they belonged to则要补足宾语。
第二空reason 前的限定词为that/this，故应用which 来连接相当于and for this/that reason。
类似的用法有in which case、during which time相当于and in that/this case、during that time。
1. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ____he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. （05重庆）AA. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time2. They stayed with me for two weeks, _______ they drank all the beer i had . CA. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which3. I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone.CA. in whose caseB. in whichC. in which caseD. in that case一、Such…that引导的状语从句与such…as引导的定语从句的区别：Such…that引导的状语从句，that引导的是一个完整的句子；而such…as引导的定语从句，as在定语从句中充当句子成分。
如：His plan was such a good one _______ we all agreed to accept.中，应用as，因为we all agreed to accept 缺少宾语，完整的句子为we all agreed to accept it.如为His plan was such a good one _______ we all agreed to accept it,则应用that, 因为we all agreed to accept it 是一个完整的句子。
1. I don't like such books ____ he recommended. AA. asB. thatC. soD. after which2. Mr. Smith is _________ a good teacher _________ we all respect him. AA. such, thatB. such, asC. so, thatD. so, as3. Such a book ___ you lent me is too difficult to understand. CA. thatB. whichC. asD. like二、一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析。
这些词基本上都是表示时间、地点的词，做具体题目时，要判断他们在定语从句充当的成分来决定关联词。
主语、宾语和表语用that/which，状语用where/when/介词+which。
如：There is one point______ we must insist on.We’re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk. 第一句定语从句可还原为：we must insist on the point,所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或省略。
第二句定语从句可还原为：at the point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where/介词+which。
1. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ______ sight matters more than hearing.（D）A. whenB. whoseC. whichD. where2. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ____ appear in the working world. CA. WhereB. whenC. thatD. what3. (08上海卷’ 38) W e went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. CA. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which4. (08山东卷’ 26)Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.DA. whoB. whichC. whyD. when5. He's got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane. (2001上海) AA. whereB. whichC. whileD. why6.I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words andexpressions but couldn't write a good essay. (2003上海卷)DA. whyB. whichC. asD. where7.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they rememberedthe scenes _____ people were eaten by the tiger. （05广东）AA. in whichB. by whichC. whichD. that8.W e’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (山东卷)AA. whereB. thatC. whenD. which9.--- Do you have anything to say for yourselves?--- Y es，there’s one point ______we must insist on． (江西卷) DA．why B．where C．how D．/10.After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do. 2007年江西卷DA. thatB. whatC. whichD. where三、先行词为地点、时间及reason和way的定语从句。
表示时间、地点先行词以及先行词为reason、way在定语从句中作状语时，相应的用: 表示时间的先行词：when/介词+which；表示地点的先行词：where/介词+which；reason为先行词：why/for which/that/…/; way为先行词：in which/that/…/但解题关键要判断先行词在定语从句中作状语还是作主语、宾语和表语。
作状语，则适用上面得语法规则，如作主语、宾语和表语，则仍需用that/which（作宾语that/which可省略）。
This is the reason ____ he gave me.This is the reason ____ he didn’t come to school today.第一句定语从句可还原为：he gave me the reason, 先行词reason在定语从句中作宾语，故关系词用that/which或省略；第二句定语从句可还原为：for the reason he didn’t come to school today, 故关系词用why/for which/that或省略。
1. The place ____ I visited last summer is just the place ____ I spent my childhood. BA.that; thatB. that; whereC. where; whereD. where; that2. Is there a department store around ____ I can get a birthday present for my brother? BA. WhichB. whereC. on whichD. that3. Is this the house _____Shakespeare was born? （1988全国） CA. at whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which4.Is this the reason ＿＿ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春) AA. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained5.The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______the cross-river traffic isthe heaviest. （05江苏）CA. which; whereB. at which; whichC. at which; whereD. which; in which6.In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. （06上海）CA. whereB. whenC. whichD. what四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。