山东省实验中学2020届高三下学期6月模拟考试物理试卷 Word版含解析
山东省实验中学2020届高三模拟考试物理试题2020.06注意事项：1.答卷前，先将自己的考生号等信息填写在试卷和答题纸上，并在答题纸规定位置贴条形码。
2.本试卷满分100分，分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷为第1页至第4页，第Ⅱ卷为第5页至第7页。
3.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
4.非选择题的作答：用0.5mm 黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第Ⅰ卷（共40分）一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 下列关于近代物理知识的描述中，正确的是（ ）A. 氢原子的基态能级为―13.6eV ，当用光子能量为11.05eV 的光照射处于基态的氢原子时，氢原子可以吸收光子而跃迁至2n =的激发态B. 比结合能越小，原子核中核子结合得越牢固，原子核越稳定C. 衰变中产生的β射线实际上是原子的核外电子挣脱原子核的束缚而形成的 D. 在14417728N He O X +→+核反应中，X 是质子，这个反应过程叫原子核的人工转变【答案】D【解析】【详解】A ．当用光子能量为11.02eV 的光照射处于基态的氢原子时，氢原子可以吸收光子而跃迁至2n =的激发态，A 错误；B ．比结合能越大，原子核中的核子结合得越牢固，原子核越稳定，B 错误；C ．β衰变中产生的β射线实际上是原子核中的中子转变成质子，而放出电子，C 错误；D ．在1441717281N He O H +→+，这个反应过程不叫α衰变，核反应类型为人工转变，D 正确。
故选D 。
2. 2020年初，新冠病毒来袭，我国人民万众一心、英勇抗“疫”，取得阶段性胜利。
为确保师生健康，各校都进行了严格的消杀工作，下图为某同学设计的消杀喷药装置，内部装有8L 药液，上部密封1atm 的空气1L ，保持阀门关闭，再充入1atm 的空气0.2L ，设在所有过程中空气可看成理想气体，且温度不变，下列说法错误．．的是（ ）A. 充气后，密封气体的压强增大为1.2atmB. 充气后，密封气体的分子平均动能不变C. 打开阀门后，密封气体对外界做正功D. 打开阀门后，不再充气也能把药液喷光【答案】D【解析】【详解】A ．根据玻意耳定律得p 1V 1+p 2V 2=pV 1解得封闭气体压强变为p =1.2atm故A 正确； B ．温度是平均动能的标志，温度不变分子的平均动能不变，故B 正确；C ．打开阀门，气体膨胀，密封气体对外界做功，故C 正确；D ．若都喷完容器中的水，根据玻意耳定律得p 1V 1+p 2V 2=p'V解得封闭气体压强变为1110.24atm atm 1830p ⨯+⨯'==+ 小于外界气体压强，所以水不能喷完，故D 错误；本题选择错误的，故选D 。
3. 某地强风的风速约为v ，空气的密度为ρ，如果把通过横截面积S 的风的动能完全转化为电能，则用上述已知量计算电功率的公式为P =（ ）A. 12Sv ρB. 212Sv ρC. 312Sv ρD. 412Sv ρ 【答案】C【解析】【详解】ABCD ．风能转变为电能，由能量守恒定律得212mv Pt = 其中m V vtS ρρ==联立解得33122v tS p Sv t ρρ== ABD 错误C 正确。
故选C 。
4. 如图所示，置于水平地面的三脚架上水平放置一质量为m 的盆栽，三脚架的三根轻质支架等长，顶点和轻杆与地面接触的三个点构成了正四面体结构，则每根支架中承受的压力大小为（ ）A. 36mgB. 66mgC. 63mgD. 62mg 【答案】B【解析】【详解】如图所示设四面体的变长为a，底面中心为O，CAOθ∠=，由几何关系得3OC a=，6OA a=，6cosθ=盆栽处于平衡状态，设F为支架对盆栽的支持力，则3cosF mgθ=解得6F mg=根据牛顿第三定律，每根支架中承受的压力大小为66mg故选B。
5. 2020年5月30日4时13分，我国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征十一号运载火箭，采取“一箭双星”方式，成功将新技术试验卫星G星、H星发射升空，卫星顺利进入预定轨道，任务获得圆满成功。
某同学研究下面一个问题：若有两颗人造卫星绕地球逆时针运动，卫星1、卫星2分别沿圆轨道、椭圆轨道运动，圆的半径与椭圆的半长轴相等，两轨道相交于A、B两点，某时刻两卫星与地球在同一直线上，如图所示，下列说法中正确的是（）A. 两卫星在图示位置的速度12v v =B. 两卫星在A 处的加速度大小相等C. 两颗卫星在A 点处可能相遇D. 两颗卫星在B 点处可能相遇【答案】B【解析】【详解】A ．v 2为椭圆轨道的远地点，速度比较小，v 1表示匀速圆周运动的速度，v 1＞v 2，A 错误；B ．两卫星在A 点，所受万有引力提供加速度2GM a r =，加速度相同，B 正确； CD ．椭圆的半长轴与圆轨道的半径相同，根据开普勒第三定律可知，两卫星的运动周期相等，则不会相遇，C 错误，D 错误。
故选B 。
6. 水袖是中国古典舞中用于情感表达和抒发的常用技巧，舞者的手有规律的振动传导至袖子上，给人营造出一种“行云流水”的美感，这一过程其实就是机械波的传播。
现有一列简谐波某时刻的波形如图中实线所示。
经过0.5s 后的波形如图中的虚线所示。
已知波的周期为T ，且0.25s 0.5s T <<，则（ ）A. 当波向x -方向传播时，波速等于10m/sB. 不论波向x 轴哪一方向传播，在这0.5s 内，1m x =处的质点M 通过的路程都相等C. 当波沿x +方向传播时，1m x =处的质点M 和 2.5m x =处的质点N 在这0.5s 内通过的路程不相等D. 当波沿x -方向传播，经过0.1s 时，质点M 离开平衡位置的位移一定为零【答案】C【解析】【详解】A ．当波向x -方向传播时，则30.5s 4nT T += （n =0，1，2，3……）因为0.25s 0.5s T <<可得当n =1时2s 7T = 波速等于4==m/s=14m/s 27v T λ选项A 错误；B ．当波沿x +方向传播时，则10.5s 4nT T += （n =0，1，2，3……） 因为0.25s 0.5s T <<可得当n =1时0.4s T =当波向x -方向传播时，经过30.5s 1T 4=时平衡位置在x =1m 处的质点M 的路程为7A ；而当波向x +方向传播时，经过10.5s 1T 4=时平衡位置在x =1m 处的质点M 的路程为5A ，可知两种情况下M 通过的路程不相等，选项B 错误；C ．当波沿x +方向传播时，因为10.5s 1T 4=，则平衡位置在x =1m 处的质点M 的路程为5A ，平衡位置在x =2.5m 处的质点N 通过的路程大于5A ，选项C 正确；D ．当波沿x -方向传播，因周期为2s 7T =，则经过10.14s T >时，质点M 离开平衡位置的位移不为零，选项D 错误。
故选C 。
7. 以前人们盖房子打地基叫打夯，夯锤的结构如图所示。
参加打夯的共有5人，四个人分别握住夯锤的一个把手，一个人负责喊号，喊号人一声号子，四个人同时向上用力将夯锤提起，号音一落四人同时松手，夯锤落至地面将地基砸实。
某次打夯时，设夯锤的质量为m ，将夯锤提起时，每个人都对夯锤施加竖直向上的力，大小均为2mg ，力持续的时间为t ，然后松手，夯锤落地时将地面砸出一个凹痕。
不计空气阻力，则（ ）A. 在上升过程中，夯锤一定处于超重状态B. 在下落过程中，夯锤一定处于超重状态C. 松手时夯锤的速度大小12v gt = D. 夯锤上升的最大高度2m h gt =【答案】D【解析】【详解】A ．在上升过程中，夯锤先加速上升，在减速上升，加速度先向上，然后再向下，夯锤先处于超重状态然后在处于失重状态，A 错误；B ．下落过程中，加速下落，加速度方向向下，一定处于失重状态，B 错误；C ．根据牛顿第二定律42mg mg ma ⨯-= 解得 a g =则松手时夯锤的速度大小v gt =C 错误；D ．夯锤先加速上升的高度2211122h at gt == 减速上升的高度 222gh v =解得2212h gt =夯锤上升的最大高度 212m h h h gt =+=D 正确。
故选D 。
8. 互感器是生产和生活中常用的电子设备。
图甲是数字变电站的关键装备中的电子式互感器，其原理是电阻分压；图乙是给测量仪表和继电设备供电常用的电压互感器，其原理是电磁感应。
已知ac 间的电阻是cd 间电阻的(n )1-倍，mn 间线圈匝数是pq 间线圈匝数的n 倍，已知两个互感器输出端数字电压表的示数均为U ，则关于两种互感器输入端的电压正确的是（ ）A. (1)ab U n U =-，mn U nU =B. ab U nU =，mn U nU =C. 1ab n U U n =-，1mn U U n= D. 1ab U U n =，1mn U U n = 【答案】B【解析】【详解】ac 和cd 是串联形式，已知ac 间的电阻是cd 间电阻的(n )1-倍，串联电路电流相同，故ac 间的电压是cd 间电压的(n )1-倍，cd 数字电压表的示数均为U ，则ac 间的电压是(n U 1)-，故输入电压为nU ，电压互感器两端电压之比等于匝数之比，mn 间线圈匝数是pq 间线圈匝数的n 倍，则mn U nU =，故选B 。
二、多项题：本题共4个小题，每小题4分，共16分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。
9. 如图所示，以O 点为圆心的圆周上有六个等分点a 、b 、c 、d 、e 、f ，等量异种电荷分别放置在a、d两点时，下列说法中正确的是（）A. b、c、e、f四点的场强相同B. e、b两点的电势差与c、f两点的电势差相等C. 将一带负电的试探电荷从O点移到e点，电场力做负功D. 将一带负电的试探电荷从O 点移到e点，电场力做正功【答案】BC 【解析】【详解】A．等量异号电荷的电场线与等势面图，如图所示在图中标出b、c、e、f各个点，如图所示电场线的切线方向表示场强方向，故b、c、e、f点场强方向不同，b、c、e、f四点的场强不相同，A错误；B．由图可知，b、f 二点的电势相等，而c、e二点的电势相等，所以e、b两点的电势差与c、f 两点的电势差相等，B 正确；CD ．根据沿着电场线方向，电势降低，因此O 点的电势高于e 点的电势，即0oe U >带负电的试探电荷从O 点移到e 点做的功为oe W qU =-电场力做负功， D 错误C 正确。
2020年6月山东省实验中学高三模拟考试理科综合物理部分高中物理
2020年6月山东省实验中学高三模拟考试理科综合物理部分高中物理理科综合试题物理部分讲明：1．试卷由两部分构成：第一卷为选择题(必做)：第二卷为非选择题，包括必做和选做。
2．试卷总分值为240分，考试限定用时为150分钟。
3．考试终止将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷(选择题共88分)二、选择题(此题包括7小题，每题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但选不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。
)16．如下图，放在斜面上的物体处于静止状态。
斜面倾角为30°物体质量为m，假设想使物体沿斜面从静止开始下滑，至少需要施加平行斜面向下的推力F=0．2mg，那么A．假设F变为大小0．1mg沿斜面向下的推力，那么物体与斜面的摩擦力大小是0．1mg B．假设F变为大小0．1mg沿斜面向上的推力，那么物体与斜面的摩擦力大小是0．2mg C．假设想使物体沿斜面从静止开始上滑，F至少应变为大小1．2mg沿斜面向上的推力D．假设F变为大小0．8mg沿斜面向上的推力，那么物体与斜面的摩擦力大小是0．7mg 17．2005年10月12日，〝神舟〞六号顺利升空入轨，14日5时56分，〝神舟〞六号飞船进行轨道坚持，飞船发动机点火工作了6．5 s。
所谓〝轨道坚持〞确实是通过操纵飞船上发动机的点火时刻和推力的大小和方向，使飞船能保持在预定轨道上稳固运行。
假如不进行轨道坚持，由于飞船受轨道上稀薄空气的摩擦阻力，轨道高度会逐步缓慢降低，在这种情形下，以下讲法中正确的选项是A．飞船受到的万有引力逐步增大、线速度逐步减小B．飞船的向心加速度逐步增大、周期逐步减小、线速度和角速度都逐步增大C．飞船的动能、重力势能和机械能都逐步减小D．重力势能逐步减小，动能逐步增大，机械能逐步减小v沿顺时针方向运动，传送带右端有一与传18．一水平方向足够长的传送带以恒定的速度1v沿直线向左滑上传送带后，通过一段时刻送带等高的光滑水平面，一物体以恒定的速率2'v，如下图。
2024届山东省实验中学高三下学期一模英语试题
绝密★启用并使用完毕前山东省实验中学2024届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题2024.04（本试卷共10页, 共三部分: 全卷满分120分, 考试用时100分钟）注意事项:1. 答卷前, 先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题纸上。
2. 选择题的作答: 每小题选出答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 非选择题的作答: 用0.5mm黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内, 写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分50分）第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AIntroduction to Drama ExamsOur exams inspire and enable learners across the globe to be confident communicators. Exams are open to anyone looking to gain confidence and experience in speech, communication and performance. There are no age restrictions. As one of the UK's oldest and most respected drama schools and awarding organizations, we examine over 100,000candidates and deliver exams both online and in person in many countries across the globe.Now we are pleased to offer free, online "Introduction to Examinations" information session. Booking is now opening for events until Summer 2024.The 1.5-hour session will begin with an Introduction to Examinations, their history and the format of assessment. Work will then focus on the subjects available to take, and will end with a Q&A phase where participants will be invited to write in their questions to the host organizer.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingthis,********************************.ukandwewillbehappytohelp. Looking forward to seeing you online at this event.1. What is an advantage of the drama exam?A. It is free of charge.B. It offers flexible schedules.C. It suits a wide range of people.D. It puts restrictions on nationality.2. What is required to register for the sessions?A. Payment in advance.B. Contact information.C. Education background.D. Performance experience.3. What should you do if you have a question during the online session?A. Email it to the drama school.B. Write it down before the session.C. Propose it at the beginning of the session.D. Send it to the host organizer in Q&A phase.BCafeterias have been filled with challenges—right from planning, purchasing, and preparing, to reducing waste, staying on budget, managing goods, and training staff. Through the tedious process, restaurateurs lacked a unified platform for efficient management. To bring consistency to the unorganised catering（餐饮）industry, childhood friends Arjun Subramanian and Raj Jain, who shared a passion for innovation, decided to partner in 2019 to explore opportunities in the cafeteria industry.In May 2020, they co-founded Platos, a one-stop solution for restaurants with a custom technology kit to streamline all aspects of cafeteria management. The company offers end-to-end cafeteria management, staff selection and food trials to ensure smooth operations and consistent service. "We believe startups solve real problems and Platos is our shot at making daily workplace food enjoyable again. We aim to simplify the dining experience, providing a convenient and efficient solution that benefits both restaurateurs and customers and creating a connected ecosystem, "says Subramanian, CEO and co-founder.Platos guarantees that a technology-driven cafeteria allows customers to order, pay, pick up, and provide ratings and feedback. It also offers goods and menu management to effectively perform daily operations. Additionally, its applications connect all shareholders for a smart cafeteria experience. "We help businesses that are into catering on condition that they have access to an industrial kitchen setup where they' re making food according to certain standards," Jain states.Since the beginning, Platos claims to have transformed 45 cafeterias across eight cities in the country. Currently, it has over 45,000 monthly users placing more than 200,000 orders. Despite facing challenges in launching cafeterias across major cities in the initial stages, Platos has experienced a 15% increase in its month-over-month profits.As for future plans, the startup is looking to raise $1 million from investors as strategic partners, bringing in capital, expertise, and networks. "Finding the right lead investor is the compass that points your startup toward success," Subramanian says.4. What does the underlined word "tedious" in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Time-consuming.B. Breath-taking.C. Heart-breaking.D. Energy-saving.5. What is the purpose of founding Platos?A. To connect customers with a greener ecosystem.B. To ensure food security and variety in cafeterias.C. To improve cafeteria management with technology.D. To make staff selection more efficient and enjoyable.6. What can we learn from the statistics in Paragraph 4?A. Platos has achieved its ultimate financial goal.B. Platos has gained impressive marketing progress.C. Challenges in food industry can be easily overcome.D. Tech-driven cafeterias have covered most urban areas.7. What is Subramanian's future plan for Platos?A. To reduce costs.B. To increase profits.C. To seek investment.D. To innovate technology.CWith a brain the size of a pinhead, insects possess a great sense of direction. They manage to locate themselves and move through small openings. How do they do this with their limited brain power? Understanding the inner workings of an insect's brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen shows with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect.It's not easy to make use of the images that come in through your eyes when deciding what your feet or wings should do. A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move. "Like when you're on a train,” Chicca explains. "The trees nearby appear to move faster than the houses far away." Insects use this information to infer how far away things are. This works well when moving in a straight line, but reality is not that simple. To keep things manageable for their limited brain power, they adjust their behaviour: they fly in a straight line, make a turn, then make another straight line.In search of the neural mechanism（神经机制）that drives insect behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to find the position. His model is based on one main principle: always head towards the area with the least apparent motion. He had his robot drive through a long passage consisting of two walls and the robot centred in the middle of the passage, as insects tend to do. In other virtual environments, such as a space with small openings, his model also showed similar behaviour to insects.The fact that a robot can find its position in a realistic environment is not new. Rather, the model gives insight into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently. In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.In the future, Chicca hopes to apply this specific insect behaviour to a chip as well. "Instead of using a general-purpose computer with all its possibilities, you can build specific hardware; a tiny chip that does the job, keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient." She comments.8. Why is "a train" mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. To illustrate the principle of train motion.B. To highlight why human vision is limited.C. To explain how insects perceive distances.D. To compare the movement of trees and houses.9. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Schoepe's model?A. Its novel design.B. Its theoretical basis.C. Its possible application.D. Its working mechanism.10. What do the researchers think of the finding?A. Amusing.B. Discouraging.C. Promising.D. Contradictory.11. What will Chicca's follow-up study focus on?A. Inventing insect-like chips.B. Studying general-purpose robots.C. Creating insect-inspired computers.D. Developing energy-efficient hardware.DWith the help from an artificial language（AL）model, MIT neuroscientists have discovered what kind of sentences are most likely to fire up the brain's key language processing centers. The new study reveals that sentences that are more complex, because of either unusual grammar or unexpected meaning, generate stronger responses in these language processing centers. Sentences that are very straightforward barely engage these regions, and meaningless orders of words don't do much for them either.In this study, the researchers focused on language-processing regions found in the left hemisphere（半球）of the brain. By collecting a set of 1,000 sentences from various sources, the researchers measured the brain activity of participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）while they read the sentences. The same sentences were also fed into a large language model, similar to ChatGPT, to measure the model's activation patterns. Once the researchers had all of those data, they trained the model to predict how the human language network would respond to any new sentence based on how the artificial language network responded to these 1,000 sentences.The researchers then used the model to determine 500 new sentences that would drive highest brain activity and sentences that would make the brain less active, and their findings were confirmed in subsequent human participants. To understand why certain sentences generate stronger brain responses, the model examined the sentences based on 11 different language characteristics. The analysis revealed that sentences that were more surprising resulted in greater brain activity. Another linguistic（语言的）aspect that correlated with the brain's language network responses was the complexity of the sentences, which was determined by how well they followed English grammar rules and bow logically they linked with each other.The researchers now plan to see if they can extend these findings in speakers of languages other than English. They also hope to explore what type of stimuli may activate language processing regions in the brain's right hemisphere.12. What sentences make our brain work harder?A. Lengthy.B. Logical.C. Straightforward.D. Complicated.13. What is the function of the AL model in the research?A. To examine language network.B. To reduce language complexity.C. To locate language processing area.D. To identify language characteristics.14. How did the researchers carry out their study?A. By conducting interviews.B. By collecting questionnaires.C. By analyzing experiment data.D. By reviewing previous studies.15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. AL Model Stimulates Brain ActivitiesB. AL Model Speeds Up Language LearningC. AL Model Reveals the Secrets of Brain ActivationD. AL Model Enhances Brain Processing Capacity第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
山东省实验中学2020届高三6月模拟考试英语试题
绝密★启用并使用完毕前山东省实验中学2020届高三模拟考试；英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，先将自己的考生号等信息填写在试卷和答题纸上，并在答题纸规定位置贴条形码。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 非选择题的作答：用0.5mm黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AFour things that you can't miss in Macao.Macao Tower AJ Hackett Bungee JumpThe Macao Tower, 338 meters tall, is the world's 10th highest tower, with a variety of activities, such as gambling, eating and entertainment. One of the acclaimed activities is the bungee jump. The AJ Hackett Macao Tower Bungee Jump is 233 meters high, making it the highest commercial bungee jump in the world. Raise your arms and off you go! If you are not daring enough to jump that height, you can try the skywalk on the 57th floor ---it's still remarkable.Grabbing a traditional Portuguese dinnerMacao was colonized by Portugal before 1999. As a result, Portuguese culture is deeply immersed into many comers of Macao. Many Portuguese settled and opened Portuguese restaurants in the special administrative region, but the flavor is more adaptable to Chinese people. Marking at the Ruins of St. PaulThe Ruins of St. Paul is the signature landmark of Macao. The ruins consist of the St.Paul'sCollege and the Church of St. Paul, built in 1583. However, after three intense fires in 1595, 1601 and 1835, the church was seriously damaged. It is beyond belief that after the vigorous cycles of rebuilding and fires, the huge surface and the front stairway remain unburned.Visiting a museumMacao, as a tiny city with only an area of 30.5 square kilometers, has 23 eye-catching museums. Due to its unique history, both Eastern and Western historical sites can be found. Many of them are preserved for cultural heritage, tourist spots or museums, such as the Grand Prix Museum, Maritime Museum and Wine Museum.1. Which activity will be popular with adventurous visitors?A. Going Bungee Jumping.B. Grabbing a traditional Portuguese dinner.C. Marking at the Ruins of St. Paul.D. Visiting a museum.2. What is incredible about the Ruins of St. Paul?A. It has a unique culture.B. It serves as a symbol of Macao.C. It partly stays undamaged after fierce fires.D. It is a combination of a college and a church.3. What do "'Grabbing a traditional Portuguese dinner" and "Visiting a museum" have in common?A. Taking a selfie in it.B. Finding historical sites.C. Enjoying a breathtaking experience.D. Feeling both eastern and western cultures.BI was seven when I first questioned my imagination. I remember watching the first Harry Potter film and my friend was complaining that the characters weren't how she imagined them to be. I couldn't understand what she meant because, in my mind, they had never been images at all, just concepts. When l shut my eyes, I see nothing. I have no visual imagination.I thought everyone's minds worked this way until about two years ago, when I came acrossatext about aphantasia, a condition where you lack a functioning mind's eye. I was 23, and it blew my mind to learn that others could visualize things. It was clear I had aphantasia, too, and a lot of things started to make more sense. For me, imagination had always been impossible. If someone asked me to close my eyes and picture myself by the sea, I would see nothing.I am currently studying for a PhD in biology at college. A good little test for me is drawing. I can copy things almost like for like if they are in front of me, but if I were to draw from my imagination it would look terrible. It doesn't mean you cannot be creative; you just have to adapt. Regardless of how many times I read a technique, it didn't make sense. But when I came to do it in the lab, I understood it immediately. If you have a visual imagination, you can look at a diagram and it triggers your memory; but I learn by repetition or physically doing something.I'd love to experience life with a mind's eye. I think it'd be cool and beneficial to imagine things so vividly. If you offered me a day with a visual imagination, I'd be excited. I think it'd be so brilliant that I wouldn't want to give it back.4. After watching the first Harry Potter film, the author _____ .A. misunderstood what her friend saidB. became a huge fan of the Harry Potter filmC. found it impossible to picture its characters in her mindD. complained its characters different from what she imagined5. How did the author know she had aphantasia?A. Her friend told her the fact.B. She read about aphantasia.C. She had a medical examination.D. Her life experience made it clear.6. What can we learn about the author?A. She lacks creativity.B. She always draws terribly.C. She learns by hands-on practice.D. She gets benefit from techniques.7. What is the author's attitude towards her disability?A. Uncertain.B. Uncaring.C. Upset.D. Positive.CFor years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.So what's the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because ithas fairly minimal patient contact.A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse called Actroid F. It is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and "only three or four said they didn't like having it around."It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses, though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.8. What does the author say about Japan?A. It ranks top in future robotics technology.B. It takes the lead in offering robotic nursing.C. It is in desperate need of registered nurses.D. It provides the best medication for the elderly.9. Which of the following best explains “implemented'' underlined in Paragraph 3?A. Cancelled.B. Constructed.C. Improved.D. Applied.10. What do we know about the robot Actroid F?A. It has no difference from a human nurse.B. It gets favorable remarks from all the patients.C. It interacts with patients like a human companion.D. It uses body language even more effectively than words.11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Cooperation will not be replaced.B. Nurses will still play their roles.C. The robotics industry will be promising.D. Robots can meet patients' immediate needs.DWhy should most of us hate spiders when we know deeply how much good they do? Is it because they somehow seem so alien? After all, what other land creatures on earth have eight legs? What other creatures spin silk webs in which to catch and wrap their prey to preserve it for the future, much as we put food in the fridge to eat later? I do not personally suffer from arachnophobia, the name given to an abnormal fear of spiders, but I can't say that I like the little beasts. However, some peopledo, and they actually keep them as pets!There is a wide variety of spiders in the world. In fact it has been estimated that there are some 35,000 species——from little "money spiders" that live in your back garden, to the "black widow spider", and the “tarantula” ，the spider that is now sometimes kept as a pet.A tarantula can be any one of a large hairy spiders family and there are about 800 species of them. While experts can tell the difference between species at a glance, most are usually described in reference books as “rather slowly" with “a strong bite which may be poisonous”. They are covered with hairs which can cause a rash （皮疹）if they are handled.No one has calculated the number of human deaths caused by a bite from a tarantula perhaps because it has never happened, or happened so rarely, and indeed a tarantula will do no harm to anyone if handled correctly. Their disgusting image cannot belie their gentle nature but experts tell us not to handle a tarantula without expert advice.Tarantulas are popular as pets and it requires very little space to maintain them in excellent condition. They should be kept singly in a glass container, which need not be very large but should have a layer of stones in the bottom. They feed on insects, and while young tarantulas eat twice a week, adults will often eat no more than once every 10 days.You might like the idea of keeping a tarantula, but personally I am content with just watching them at a distance.12. According to the text, why do most people dislike spiders?A. They are abnormal beasts.B. They take food from fridges.C. They have unpleasant appearance.D. They make people suffer from arachnophobia.13. What do we know about the tarantula?A. It must be kept in groups.B. It feeds on poisonous insects.C. It doesn't belong to hairy spiders.D. It has mild nature if handled properly.14. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The death caused by a tarantula.B. The number of human deaths.C. The bite from a tarantula.D. The rash caused by hairs.15. What's the best title for the text?A. Never judge a book by its cover.B. Nothing seek, nothing find.C. No sweet without sweat.D. Once bitten, twice shy.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届山东省济南市高三下学期6月三模针对性训练全真演练物理试题
2020届山东省济南市高三下学期6月三模针对性训练全真演练物理试题一、单项选择题（本题包含8小题，每小题4分，共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）(共8题)第(1)题有一宇宙飞船，它的正面面积S=2m2，以v=3×103m/s的相对速度飞入一宇宙微粒尘区。
此微粒尘区每1m3空间中有一个微粒，每一个微粒的平均质量m=2×10-7kg。
假设微粒与飞船外壳碰撞后附着于飞船上，要使飞船速度不变，飞船的牵引力应增加（）A．3.6×103N B．3.6N C．1.2×10-3N D．1.2N第(2)题关于物理史实，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．伽利略指出力不是维持物体运动的原因B．牛顿最早提出自由落体运动的规律C．库仑最早提出电荷周围存在电场D．法拉第最先发现电流的磁效应第(3)题下列有关原子物理的知识，说法正确的是（ ）A．卢瑟福粒子散射实验说明了原子核的复杂结构B．在核反应方程，X表示的是中子C．目前核电站利用的核反应是裂变，核燃料为铀D．氡的半衰期是3.8天，8个氡原子核经过7.6天之后，还剩下2个未发生衰变第(4)题太阳系中的八大行星，按照到太阳的平均距离由近到远的顺序排列，依次是水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。
设行星绕太阳的运动是匀速圆周运动，金星自身的半径是火星的n倍，质量为火星的k倍。
不考虑行星自转的影响，则下列说法中正确的是（ ）A．金星绕太阳运动的加速度是火星的倍B．金星绕太阳运动的周期是火星的倍C．金星表面的重力加速度是火星的倍D ．金星的“第一宇宙速度”是火星的倍第(5)题北斗卫星导航系统由地球同步静止轨道卫星a、与地球自转周期相同的倾斜地球同步轨道卫星b，以及比它们轨道低一些的轨道卫星c组成，它们均为圆轨道卫星。
若轨道卫星c与地球同步静止轨道卫星a在同一平面内同向旋转，已知卫星c的轨道半径为r，同步卫星轨道半径为4r，地球自转周期为T，万有引力常量为G，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．卫星a的发射速度大于地球第一宇宙速度，轨道运行速度小于地球第一宇宙速度B．卫星a与卫星b具有相同的机械能C．地球的质量为D ．卫星a与卫星c周期之比为8∶1，某时刻两者相距最近，则经过后，两者再次相距最近第(6)题如图所示的电路中，电源电动势为E、内阻为r，R1为滑动变阻器，R2和R3为定值电阻。
山东省淄博市2021届高三年级下学期3月一模考试物理试题 Word版含答案(1)
(2)求匀强磁场的磁感应强度 ；
(3)调节 与 两边界间的距离，使粒子恰好从 点离开 边界，求粒子从 点进入电场到 点离开 边界运动时间 的可能值。
【答案】(1) ，方向与 成 角指向右下方；(2) ；(3)
18.如图所示，在倾角为 的斜面上放置一段凹槽B，B与斜面间的动摩擦因数 ，槽内靠近右侧壁处有一小物块A（可视为质点），它到凹槽左侧壁的距离2为 。A、B的质量均为m，B与斜面间的最大静摩擦力可认为等于滑动摩擦力，不计A、B之间的摩擦，斜面足够长。现同时由静止释放A、B，经过一段时间，A与B的侧壁发生碰撞，碰撞过程无机械能损失，碰撞时间极短。重力加速度为 。求：
（1）关闭上阀门后壳内剩余空气的体积 和压强 ；
（2）跑出的气体质量与原有气体质量的比值。
【答案】（1） ， ；（2）
17.如图所示，一水平分界线 把足够长的竖直边界 和 之间的空间分为上下两部分， 上方区域存在竖直向下的匀强电场， 下方区域存在垂直纸面向外的匀强磁场。在 和 边界上，距 高 处分别有P、Q两点。一电荷量为 、质量为 的带正电的粒子（重力不计）以初速度 从 点垂直于边界 进入匀强电场，经偏转后从边界 进入匀强磁场，并恰好不从边界 射出。若匀强电场的电场强度 。
【答案】(1).减小(2). (3).偏大
14.某科学探究小组欲通过测定工业废水的电阻率，来判断废水是否达到排放标准（一般电阻率 的废水即达到排放标准）。该小组用透明塑料板自制了个长方体容器，其左、右两侧面内壁紧贴金属铜薄板（板的厚度和电阻的影响可忽略不计），铜薄板上端分别带有接线柱A、B，如图甲所示。容器内表面长 ，宽 ，高 。将废水注满容器后，进行如下实验操作。
（3）正确连接电路后，闭合开关，测得一组U、I数据；再调节滑动变阻器，重复上述测量步骤，得出一系列数据如表所示，请在图丁作出图线。图丁 坐标纸中已经描出了3个点，请在答题卡相应图中将剩余3个点描出，并作出U-I关系图线______；
2020年山东省实验中学高考物理模拟试卷(6月份) (含答案解析)
2020年山东省实验中学高考物理模拟试卷(6月份)一、单选题（本大题共8小题，共24.0分）1.下列说法正确的是()A. 结合能越大表示核子结合得越牢固，原子核越稳定B. 由玻尔理论可知，氢原子的核外电子由较高能级跃迁到较低能级时，要辐射一定频率的光子，同时电子的动能增大，电势能减小，周期变小C. 原子核能发生β衰变说明原子核内存在电子D. 92235U→ 90234Tℎ+ 24He是裂变反应2.如图所示气缸内密封的气体(可视为理想气体)，在等压膨胀过程中，下列关于气体说法正确的是()A. 气体内能可能减少B. 气体会向外界放热C. 气体吸收热量大于对外界所做的功D. 气体平均动能将减小3.一个电阻接到某电路后，消耗的功率为220W，通过3C的电荷量时，有330J的电能转化为内能，则下列说法正确的是()A. 电阻所加电压为220VB. 通过电阻的电流为2AC. 电阻通电时间为2sD. 这个电阻的阻值为110Ω4.如图所示，质量为m的物体放在质量为M、倾角为θ的斜面体上，斜面体置于粗糙的水平地面上，用平行于斜面的力F拉物体使其沿斜面向下匀速运动，斜面体始终静止，则下列说法正确的是()A. 地面对斜面体的摩擦力大小为FcosθB. 地面对斜面体的支持力为(M+m)gC. 物体对斜面体的摩擦力的大小为FD. 斜面体对物体的作用力竖直向上5.2018年8月25日7时52分，我国在西昌卫星发射中心用“长征三号乙”运载火箭(及“远征一号”上面级)以“一箭双星”方式成功发射第三十五、三十六颗北斗导航卫星，两颗卫星属于中圆地球轨道卫星。
若卫星发射初始阶段可视为匀加速直线运动，重力加速度可视为恒定值g，经过时间t，其速度达到υ。
已知其中一颗卫星S的质量为m，地球半径为R，轨道距离地面的高度为h，引力常量为G，卫星S绕地球做匀速圆周运动。
若不考虑地球自转的影响，则()A. 经过时间t，火箭到达的高度为υtB. 发射初始阶段，卫星S所受火箭的推力为mυtC. 卫星S绕地球运动的线速度的大小为R√gR+ℎD. 卫星S绕地球运动的周期T=2π(R+ℎ)R √R+ℎg6.一列简谐横波某时刻的波形如图中实线所示，经过0.50s后的波形如图中虚线所示．已知波的周期为T，而且0.25s<T<0.50s，则()A. 当波向x轴的正方向传播时，波速大小为10m/sB. 无论波向x轴正方向传播还是向x轴负方向传播，在这0.50s内x=1.0m的M质点，通过的路程都相等C. 当波向x轴正方向传播时，x=1.0m的质点M和x=2.0m的质点N在0.50s内通过的路程不相等D. 当t=0.10s时，x=1.0m的质点M振动的位移一定是07.如图所示，一个人站在电梯中相对电梯静止不动，下列运动过程中，人处于超重状态的是()A. 电梯匀速上升B. 电梯加速下降C. 电梯减速下降D. 电梯减速上升8.如图甲、乙是配电房中的互感器和电表的接线图，下列说法中正确的是()A. 线圈匝数n1<n2，n3<n4B. 线圈匝数n1>n2，n3>n4C. 甲图中的电表是电流表，输出端不可短路D. 乙图中的电表是电流表，输出端不可断路二、多选题（本大题共4小题，共16.0分）9.如图所示，在重力加速度为g的空间，有一个带电荷量为+Q的场源电荷置于O点，B、C为以O为圆心、半径为R的竖直圆周上的两点，A、B、O在同一竖直线上，AB=R，O、C在同一水平线上．现在有−质量力m、电荷量为−q的有孔小球，沿光滑绝缘细杆AC从A点由静止开始滑下，滑至C点时速度的大小为√5gR ，下列说法正确的是()A. 从A到C小球做匀变速运动B. B、A两点间的电势差为mgR2qC. 从A到C小球的机械能守恒D. 若从A点自由释放，则下落在B点时的速度大小为√3gR10.质量m=0.1kg的小球以v0=10m/s的初速度沿水平方向抛出，小球距离地面的高度是ℎ=5m(g=10m/s2)，下面说法正确的是()A. 小球落地时速度大小是10√2m/sB. 小球在落地时重力的瞬时功率为10√2WC. 小球在空中运动过程中，任意相等时间内小球动能变化相等D. 小球在空中运动过程中，任意相等时间内小球动量变化相等11.如图所示，轻质弹簧的下端固定在光滑斜面的底部，一个质量为m的物块以平行斜面的初速度v向弹簧运动。
2020届山东省实验中学高三新高考下学期模拟信息卷物理试题(一)及答案解析
2020届山东省实验中学高三新高考下学期模拟信息卷（一）物理试题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息；2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。
第I卷（选择题）一、单选题1．关于原子核的相关知识，下面说法正确的是（）A．原子核内相邻质子之间存在相互排斥的核力B．原子核的比结合能越小，说明原子核越不稳定C．温度越高放射性元素的半衰期越小D．β射线是电子流，表明原子核内除质子中子之外还有电子2．下列说法中正确的是（）A．用打气筒的活塞压缩气体很费力，说明分子间有斥力B．在阳光照射下，可以观察到教室空气中飞舞的尘埃作无规则运动，属于布朗运动C．一定质量的理想气体温度升高其压强一定增大D．一定质量的理想气体温度升高其内能一定增大3．图1所示为一列简谐横波在某时刻的波动图象，图2所示为该波中x=1.5m处质点P 的振动图象，下列说法正确的是（）A．该波的波速为2m/sB．该波一定沿x轴负方向传播C．t= 1.0s时，质点P的加速度最小，速度最大m 的钩码相连，重力加速度为g ，则释放后钩码的加速度大小为（ ）A ．0B ．gC ．m g M m + D ．Mg M m+5．我国计划在2020年发射首个火星探测器，实现火星环绕和着陆巡视探测。
假设“火星探测器”贴近火星表面做匀速圆周运动，测得其周期为T 。
已知引力常量为G ，由以上数据可以求得（ ）A ．火星的质量B ．火星探测器的质量C ．火星的第一宇宙速度D ．火星的密度6．某实验装置如图所示，用细绳竖直悬挂一个多匝矩形线圈，细绳与传感器相连，传感器可以读出细绳上的拉力大小。
将线框的下边ab 置于蹄形磁铁的、S 极之间，使ab 边垂直于磁场方向且ab 边全部处于N 、S 极之间的区域中。
接通电路的开关，调节滑动变阻器的滑片，当电流表读数为时，传感器的读数为F 1；保持ab 中的电流大小不变，方向相反，传感器的读数变为F 2（F 2＜F 1）。
已知金属线框的匝数为n ，ab 边长为L ，重力加速度为g ，则可得到（ ） A ．金属线框的质量122F F m g+=B ．N 、S 极之间的磁感应强度12F F B nIL-=C ．传感器的读数为1F 时，ab 中的电流方向为b →aD ．减小电流I 重复实验，则F 1、F 2均减小7．工在生产纺织品、纸张等绝缘材料时为了实时监控其厚度，通常要在生产流水线上设置如图所示传感器。
黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2020届高三5月综合训练(一)语文试题 Word版含解析
黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2020届高三5月综合训练（一）语文试题 Word版含解析请注意：此试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共12页。
满分135分，考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（选择题）注意事项：1. 答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试条形码。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman going to do?A. Clean the floor.B. Buy some cleaner.C. Go to the supermarket.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a hospital.B. At a gas station.C. At a hotel.3. What does the man think of the woman’s plan?A. Irresponsible.B. Practical.C. Difficult.4. What does the woman mean?A. She’s not interested in the party.B. She wants to leave the party.C. She enjoys the party.5. Who is arriving?A. The woman’s sister.B. The woman’s cousin.C. The woman’s aunt.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）请听下面5段对话或独白。
山东省实验中学2020届高三普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟物理试题(一) Word版含解析
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题物理（一）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题纸上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.根据所学知识分析，下列说法中正确的是（ ） A. 布朗运动就是热运动B. 有液体和气体才能发生扩散现象C. 太空飞船中水滴呈球形，是液体表面张力作用的结果D. 分子间相互作用的引力和斥力的合力一定随分子间的距离增大而减小 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】A ．布朗运动是物质微粒在液体或气体中的无规则运动，间接反映了液体分子或气体分子在永不停息地做无规则运动，它不是微粒的热运动，也不是液体分子的热运动，A 错误； B ．固体、液体、气体都可以发生扩散现象，B 错误；C ．太空飞船中的水滴处于完全失重状态，在表面张力作用下收缩为球形，C 正确；D ．当0r r <时，分子间相互作用的引力和斥力的合力随分子间距离的增大而减小，当0r r <时，分子间相互作用的引力和斥力的合力随分子间距离的增大而先增大后减小，D 错误。
故选C 。
2.某篮球运动员垂直起跳的高度为100cm ，则该运动员的滞空时间（运动员起跳后，从双脚都离开地面到任意一只脚接触地面的时间间隔）约为（ ） A. 0.20s B. 0.45s C. 0.90s D. 1.60s【答案】C 【解析】【详解】根据物体做自由落体运动时212x gt =可知t =可得物体自由落体运动下落1m 需要的时间约为0.45s ，根据竖直上抛运动和自由落体运动的关系可知，滞空时间约为0.90s ，C 正确，ABD 错误。
2021年5月山东省实验中学2021届高三下学期5月二模考试英语试卷及答案
2021年5月山东省实验中学2021届高三下学期5月二模考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★（含答案）（本试卷共三部分；全卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ATravelling by rail, you'll get a completely different experience, which can't be matched by flying or driving. The following are four best slow routes.The GhanWhere: Australia, from Adelaide to Darwin via Alice Springs.When: The peak season is usually the winter （June, July, August）, but going during the wet season （December, January） will allow you to see more wildlife.Duration: Going straight through takes 52 hours.Highlights: Going through Australia's Red Centre with blue skies and red earth, enjoying a beautiful and peaceful experience.The Royal ScotsmanWhere: Travels around the Scottish Highlands or all the way around Great Britain.When: Up to 20 hours of daylight in June makes it the perfect time to watch birds flying over mirror-like lakes.Duration: Trips can be as short as two days or as long as seven.Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world, with a minimumof £2,350 per person for a two-night trip. You'll be treated like a king or a queen. Hearty meals, fine wines and carriages that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await you.The Rocky MountaineerWhere: Canada, from Vancouver to Banff, Jasper and Calgary.When: In June, which is springtime in the Rockies.Duration: Between two and eight days, travelling only in daylight.Highlights: Spectacular views of the Rocky Mountains, traditional native storytelling, wine classes and natural history workshops.Eastern and Oriental ExpressWhere: From Thailand, through Malaysia, to Singapore.When: April and May, for the least humid weather.Duration: Trips vary from two to eight days.Highlights: From golden temples and rice fields to metropolitan cities, this luxurious train displays the best of the countries it passes through.1. In which month are more routes available?A. January.B. April.C. June.D. August.2. What can visitors experience on The Royal Scotsman?A. A flight over lakes.B. Noble service.C. Native story-telling.D. Wine making.3. Which route goes through different countries?A. The Ghan.B. The Royal Scotsman.C. The Rocky Mountaineer.D. Eastern and Oriental Express.BIn quiet neighborhoods, you find quiet people going about their lives, doing good things. Harold is one of those people. A quiet man by nature, he finds himself happiestwhile changing the brake pads on an old truck or replacing a water heater.As a mechanic, Harold runs a workshop after retiring. His wife Jeannette teaches English at the local high school. With their own kids grown, they don't need a lot or want a lot, so Harold and Jeannette live a simple life. And while his wife is in the classroom, Harold often walks around in the neighborhood. There's always a widow who needs a lamp fixed or a teenager who needs a tire changed.Each day, Harold pulls on his coveralls（工作服）and goes to work. His wife teaches students to speak, while Harold economizes language. "Yep, you got a leak. I’l l get my toolbox.” That's about as much as you'll get out of Harold. Even when you thank him, he’ll just wave.In a world of social media, massive information floods our screens, with various ways to communicate. But if you want to talk to Harold, you have to go to his workshop and knock on the door. Ifs reassuring to know that there's Harold, willing to fix the mechanical things that stress us out. He always works slowly and methodically, removing the old pipe, pulling it to his truck, and cutting a new pipe. He's done this hundreds of times. There's no frustration,, no hurry, only an ease and satisfaction, like a gardener taking care of his beloved flowers.Shortly after Jeannette retired, Harold passed away from a rare disease. Harold saved his words, but his friends and family didn't. A flood of appreciation came pouring out. "He was there when I needed a hand," many said. What a valuable thing in these days! After all, the purpose in life is not to get the most likes, but to like most what you do.4. Why does Harold walk around in the neighborhood?A. To keep fit.B. To lend a hand.C. To look for a job.D. To pick up his wife.5. What will Harold do when you get a leak?A. Go to fix it willingly.B. Wave a refusal directly.C. Work out the costs first.D. Check the toolbox slowly.6. Which words can best describe Harold?A. Hard-working and modest.B. Easy-going and efficient.C. Well-educated and generous.D. Good-hearted and skillful.7. What can we learn from Harold's life?A. Silence is gold.B. Kindness will be rewarded.C. Like what you do.D. Live slowly in a fast world.CBlood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under refrigeration for up to six weeks. After that, it's no longer usable for transfusions. Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs.Jonathan Kopechek, a bioengineer from University of Louisville says suspension to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 has put stress on the blood supply, and the pandemic underscores the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.Good news is that Kopechek's team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated（脱水的）state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to a sugar called trehalose（海藻糖），which is a common ingredient in donuts （甜甜圈）.Trehalose is intended to help make them look fresh even when they are months old, and you wouldn't know the difference.The researchers chose trehalose because, in nature, it's made by animals like sea monkeys—famous for their ability to survive dehydration. "So these animals can dry out completely for a long time and then be rehydrated and resume normal function. So we wanted to use the trehalose produced by these organisms and apply that to preserving blood cells in a dried state.”But first, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. To achieve this, they drilled temporary holes in the cell membranes（细胞膜）.And they need to have sufficient trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. "And then we can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal."Kopechek said the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters-and for humanitarian aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on Mars will include dried red blood cells.8. Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word in Paragraph 2?A. Satisfy.B. Decrease.C. Highlight.D. Influence.9. What can we learn about trehalose?A. It can only be found in sea monkeys.B. It should be preserved in a dried state.C. It helps to keep donuts fresh and tasty.D. It contributes to long-term blood storage.10. Which is the correct order of storing blood with trehalose?① Drying blood and making it into a powder. ② Getting trehalose into blood cells.③ Rehydrating the blood. ④ Drilling holes in the cell surface.A.④②①③B.④①②③C.②④①③D.②③④①11. What is the text mainly about?A. Dried blood has a promising prospect.B. Trehalose could help stored blood last.C. The need for stored blood is on the rise.D. Storing blood longer is very challenging.DAlthough billions of locusts （蝗虫）appearing on East African countries greatly panicked farmers in 2020, they managed to see through this unexpected crisis. "Their success primarily results from a technology-driven anti-locust operation," said Mr. Cressman, an officer in the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.Nonnally, these locusts live alone across the deserts of North Africa, Southwest Asia and the Middle East. But when rains arrive, they change from a slightly brown into a deep yellow and form groups of more than 15 million insects per square mile. Such quantities of locusts can consume the equivalent amount of food in a single day as more than 13, 000 people.Locust trackers in Sudan and Eritrea find the insects by using a tablet-based program to transmit data to authorities so experts can design appropriate control strategies. But people who want to use this system might encounter a technological problem: The version of the tablets that the locust-tracking program was written for is not manufactured and newer tablets are unsuitable for the software.Rather than rewriting the locust-tracking software for newer tablets, Mr. Cressman thought creating a simple smartphone app would make anyone collect data like an expert. He sought help from Dr. Hughes, who had already created PlantVillage to track a crop pest. Borrowing from this blueprint, Dr. Hughes and his colleagues completed eLocust3m, which anyone with a smartphone can use. The app presents photos of locusts at different stages of their life cycles, which helps users diagnose what they see in the field. The locations are then automatically recorded by GPS and algorithms （算法） double check submitted photos. If necessary, pesticide-spraying aircraft will take position.The F. A. O. estimates that this effort in East Africa has prevented the loss of agricultural products with a commercial value of $ 1.5 billion, saving thelivelihood of 34 million people.12. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?A. Summarize the previous paragraph.B. Provide scientific data for readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.13. What may trouble potential tablet-based program users?A. The low adaptability of the software.B. Too many versions of new tablets.C. The complex process of transmitting data.D. The urgency of rewriting the software.14. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?A. Cressman created a smartphone app.B. ELocust3m is based on Plantvillage.C. Operating ELocust3m needs much training.D. Users should record where they find locusts.15. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。