北京航空航天大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析
北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷13(题后含答案及解析)
北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷13(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionPity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised e-ducation,prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time,which can often take a further three years. By then,most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings. The Economic and Social Research Council,which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates:until recently,only about 25 points of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC’s response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10 points;in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39 points. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness,and will progressively raise the threshold to 40 points in two years. Unless completion rates improve further,this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University,the London School of Economics and the London Business School. Predictably,howls of protest have come from the universities,who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills,but consequently take longer to finish their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies. The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners,or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis,too.1．By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time,_____.A．most of them died of some sicknessB．their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC．most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD．most of their grants run out正确答案：D解析：题目问：新的医生在找到工作并利用业余时间写论文时，发生了什么情况?第一段第三、四句“Mostsocial-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out afterthree years．They must then get a job and finish in their spare time，which can often take a further threeyears．”通过这段话可知。
北京航空航天大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析
北京航空航天大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案及解析Part ⅠListening Comprehension(略)Part ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 121．【答案】D【解析】关于心理学家对思考过程的看法可以在文章第一段找到：Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone，but that one's muscles also participate．由此可知，精神活动包括思考，不仅仅表现为大脑的活动，肌肉也会参与。
A、B、C三项与题意不符。
本题正确答案为D。
22．【答案】A【解析】根据文章第二段的“Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body”可知，正确答案为A。
23．【答案】C【解析】作者在第三段以“there is a very good reason for it”引出了“One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates，so to speak，in its performance”。
只有参与到表演中人们才能享受音乐。
因此正确答案是C。
24．【答案】C【解析】作者在最后一段指出肌肉的参与和精神思考的过程是同一种方式，“but this participati on is less obvious because it is less pronounced”以一个转折表明肌肉的参与并不明显。
2008年北京航空航天大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2008年北京航空航天大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThere has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the community’s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her. The fact is, in New York State the system couldn’t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel. Why does the state permit violence against Children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod. Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful. Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control”. More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force. Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection. To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents’conduct. More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the vicious cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.1．The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a child from violent parents of______A．a family on welfareB．a poor uneducated familyC．an educated black familyD．a middle-class white family正确答案：D解析：细节题。
北京航天航空大学考博英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
北京航天航空大学考博英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThere are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists. “And these “generalists”are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist —and especially the administrator —deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly. Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you —but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.1．There is an increasing demand for______.A．all round people in their own fieldsB．people whose job is to organize other people’s workC．generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional D．specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others正确答案：B解析：第一段第三、四句指出，对“一眼即能看到很大范围，可能对任一领域都知之不多；能够看到森林而不是树木，能够做出总体判断”的人的需求在日益增加。
北京航空航天大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析
北京航空航天大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案及解析Part ⅠListening Comprehension(略)PartⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 121．【答案】D【解析】原文第一段第一句明确指出“the noise level for potential hearing loss begins at about 70 decibels”。
因此A、B、C三个选项均不正确。
22．【答案】D【解析】根据第四段最后一句“Aircraft are increasingly being required to use reduced power flights around airports”可知，D选项正确，其他选项未被提及。
23．【答案】B【解析】本文在第三段明确指出“There are two common means for control”，并一一加以介绍，因此本题答案为B项。
24．【答案】B【解析】根据第四段第三句“More and more towns are passing zoning ordinances that try to segregate noisy factories or airports from residential areas”可知，现在越来越多的城镇通过分区条例，计划将噪声污染严重的工厂和机场与居民区分开。
那么未来机场可能会建在离居民区远的地方，即无人居住的地区。
因此正确答案是B。
25．【答案】A【解析】根据第五段最后一句“The new jumbojets...they are more powerful and carry twice as many passengers”可知，新式的大型喷气机能量更高，并且能够装载更多的旅客。
这说明，新式飞机噪声污染低而运输效率高。
因此A项正确。
其他选项不是拿喷气机举例的目的。
北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionBird wings have a much more complex job to do than the wings of an airplane, for in addition to supporting the bird they must act as its engine, rowing it through the air. Even so the wing outline or a bird conforms to the same aerodynamic principles as those eventually discovered by people when designing airplanes, and if you know how different kinds of aircraft perform, you can predict the flight capabilities of similarly shaped birds. Short, stubby wings enable a tanager and other forest-living to swerve and dodge at speed through the undergrowth, just as they helped the fighter planes of the Second World War to make tight turns and acrobatic maneuvers in a dog-fight. More modern fighters achieve greater speeds by sweeping back their wings while in flight, just as peregrines do when they go into a 130kph dive, swooping to a kill. Championship gliders have long, thin wings so that, having gained height in a thermal up-current they can soar gently down for hours and an albatross, the largest of flying birds, with a similar wing shape and a span of 3 meters, can patrol the ocean for hours in the same way without a single wing beat. Vultures and hawks circle at very slow speeds supported by a thermal and they have the broad rectangular wings that very slow-flying aircraft have. People have not been able to adapt wings to provide hovering flight. That has only been achieved with the whirling, horizontal blades of a helicopter or the downward-pointing engines of a vertical landing jet. Hummingbirds have paralleled even this. They tilt their bodies so that they are almost upright and then beat their wings as fast as 80 times a second producing a similar downdraft of air. So the hummingbird can hover and even fly backwards.1．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Bird wings have to support the bird.B．Bird wings must act as the bird’s engine.C．Airplane’s wings must act as the airplane’s engine.D．Similar wing shapes in aircraft and birds produce similar flight capabilities.正确答案：C解析：题目问：根据文章内容，哪项不是真实的?第一段“Bird wings have a much more complex job to do than the wings of an airplane，for in addition to supporting the bird they must act as its engine，rowing it through the air．”通过这句话可知，与飞机的机翼相比，鸟的翅膀的功能更复杂，它能支持鸟体，还是鸟飞翔的引擎。
北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)
北京航空航天大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionIn the simplest terms, a market is the place where seller meets buyer to exchange products for money. Traditional markets still function in many parts of the world. Even in the United Sates, during summer months, there are farmers’ markets where direct selling and buying take place between producers and consumers. Most service industries still operate at this market level. Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the consumer. Their products pass through several hands-truckers, warehouse workers, wholesalers, and retailers before reaching the final consumer. Products, or commodities are usually divided into two types: consumer and industrial. Consumer goods are those that are sold to final users, the customers. These goods include food, clothing, automobiles, television sets, appliances, and all those things people go to stores to purchase. Industrial goods are those that are sold to companies or other businesses for use in manufacturing or other purposes. Automobile makers buy many of the parts used to assemble ears. A tire manufacturer buys rubber, synthetic or otherwise, with which to make fires. Eventually these materials will end up in the hands of final users: the owners of the cars. The nature of industrial goods depends on the nature of the goods to be made for final users. The price of industrial goods and raw materials will influence the price of final goods, those that the consumer buys.1．It can be inferred that_____.A．most of the products exchanged at traditional markets are consumer goods B．most of the products bought and sold at traditional markets are industrial goodsC．most farmers lived far away from marketplaces and never sold their products directlyD．most service industries have not yet developed mature markets for their products正确答案：A解析：题目问：从文章内容可以推断出什么?第一段最后一句“Most service industries still operate at this market level．”通过这句话可知，在传统市场里交换的产品大多是消费品。
北京航空航天大学考博英语真题2013年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
北京航空航天大学考博英语真题2013年(总分80, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension略Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are four passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage 1Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawedparallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith"s art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure-being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Massproduction of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.What does the passage mainly discuss?A The origins of textile decorationB The characteristics of good-quality printsC Two types\of printmakingD Types of paper used in printmaking该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:C[解析] 本题为主旨题。
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北京航空航天大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析Education is an absolute imperative in the emerging globalknowledge society,so new ways of providing access to education fora much higher percentage of the population are now being devised.The most dramatic examples of access to education are found inthe11distance-education mega-universities found around the world.In"distance education,"the student is separated in time or spacefrom the teacher or professor.The largest of these high enrollmentuniversities is in China,the China Central Radio and TelevisionUniversity,with more than3million students.The English-speakingworld has the British Open University,with215,000students,and theUniversity of South Africa,with120,000students.In addition to themega-universities,dozens of other national and regional systems areproviding education at all levels to students.The base delivery system for the distance-education Geng duo yuanxiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quanguo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi mega-universities istelevision,supplemented by other technologies or even some onsiteinstruction in more-developed countries.Some distance-educationsystems use two-way interactive video connections to particularlocations where students gather;others supplement with the Internet,and still others deliver only by Internet.Withvideo-and-audio-streaming now available,the Internet appears to bethe technology of choice for systems where students have access to computers.Of course,these technologies merely add to the radio--delivered courses that have been offered for years in many countries around the world.The programs and courses offered vary from basic literacy courses to the highest graduate-level programming.Hundreds of university degrees are now available through distance education,where90%or more of the required credits are given at a distance,as are dozens of master's degrees and a small number of accredited doctoral degrees. One estimate suggests that50,000university-level courses are now available through distance-education delivery systems.There will be two main types of educational institutions:those that add value in coursework and those that are certifying agencies. The certifying colleges and universities are those that act as educational bankers for students.Students will earn credits from many places and have the credits or certifications of completion sent to the certifying university,then that certifying university will award the degree when enough credits of the right type have been accumulated.Regent's College of the University of the State of New York and Thomas Edison College of New Jersey are public certifying institutions that give accredited degrees.One vision for some of the remaining residential colleges in the United States,now serving mainly the18-to-23-year-old population, is that many will become certifying colleges.Students will come tothe colleges for their social,artistic,athletic,and spiritual programs.The basic commodity these colleges will sell is membership in the college community.Students will access their courses from colleges and universities around the world,transfer the credits to the college,then gain a degree.Faculty members will serve as tutors and advisers and may provide some courses live.(479words)51.What is the passage mainly about?[A]The emerging global knowledge society[B]Distance-education mega-universities[C]The largest of these high enrollment universities[D]Two main types of educational institutions52.It may be inferred that the Internet could be the technology of choice in_______.[A]the China Central Radio and TelevisionUniversity[B]the University of South Africa[C]the British Open University[D]the English-speaking world53.We learn from the passage that the distance-education programs may offer all the following EXCEPT______.[A]virtually all the basic literacy courses and the highest graduate-level programming[B]nearly90%of the required credits[C]courses for master's degrees and accredited doctoral degrees[D]50,000university-level courses54.The residential colleges in the United States______.[A]serve only the18-to-23-year-old population[B]provide students with social,artistic,athletic,and spiritual programs[C]provide courses from colleges and universities around the world[D]may provide a lot of faculty members to conduct courses lively55.Judging from the context we know that a mega-universityis_______.[A]the largest of these high enrollment universities[B]the China Central Radio and TelevisionUniversity[C]the British Open University[D]a university with very large number of studentsText1151. B.远程教育的百万人大学。