仁爱版英语八年级下册知识点总结
仁爱版八年级下册英语知识点总结
仁爱版八年级下册英语知识点总结八年级下册是英语学习的重要阶段，学生将进一步巩固和拓展他们在八年级上册所学的知识。
下面是仁爱版八年级下册英语知识点的总结。
1. 新的语法知识：本学期，学生将学习一些新的语法知识，如被动语态、祈使句和非谓语动词等。
被动语态用于描述某个动作的承受者而非执行者，例如：Active: He washes the car.Passive: The car is washed by him.祈使句用于表示请求、命令或建议，例如：Close the door.Don't talk in class.非谓语动词由动词的不定式、动名词和现在分词构成，可以用作主语、宾语或定语，例如：To study is important. (不定式)I enjoy swimming. (动名词)The movie is boring. (现在分词)掌握这些语法知识将帮助学生更自如地表达自己的意思。
2. 动词时态和语态：八年级下册学生将进一步学习动词时态和语态。
除了过去时、现在时和将来时，学生还将学习过去进行时和过去完成时等时态。
了解每个时态的用法是理解英语交流过程中不可或缺的部分。
动词的语态也是本学期的重点之一。
除了主动语态，学生将学习被动语态，并了解在不同语境中使用主动语态和被动语态的区别。
3. 词汇扩展：学生将继续增加他们的词汇量。
通过学习不同主题的单词，并掌握它们的发音、拼写和用法，学生可以更好地理解和使用英语。
4. 阅读理解：学生在八年级下册将继续锻炼他们的阅读理解能力。
通过阅读不同类型的文章，如故事、新闻报道和说明文，学生将提高他们的阅读速度和理解能力，并学会从文中提取有关主题、细节和观点的信息。
5. 口语和写作：学生将继续发展他们的英语口语和写作能力。
通过参与小组讨论、角色扮演和演讲等活动，学生将提高他们的口语表达能力。
此外，学生还将学习如何撰写不同类型的作文，如叙述文、说明文和议论文。
仁爱版英语八年级下册知识点汇总(最新最全)
Unit5 feeling happyTopic 1 why all the smiling faces?一、重点词汇1、cruel 残忍的2、 silly 傻的3、smile 微笑4、rich 富裕的5、proud 骄傲的6、taste 品尝7、smell 问起来 8、set 设置 9、able 能够10、since 自从。
11、lively 活泼的 12、play 玩13、mad 发疯的 14、please 请；令人高兴的 15、marry 结婚16、main 主要的 17、role 角色 18、express 表达19、culture 文化 20、peace 和平二、重点短语1 Why all the smiling faces? 为什么你们都笑容满面。
2 You look so excited. 你看起来很兴奋。
3 invite/ ask sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事4 one of 其中之一5 prepare sth for sb= get sth ready for sb 为某人准备好某事6 say thanks / hello / sorry / goodbye to sb 向某人说声谢谢/ 你好/抱歉/再见7 None of 没有一个8 What a shame / pity. 真遗憾。
9 get the ticket to = buy the ticket for 买到。
的票10 not at all 一点也不11 What do you like best? = What’s your favorite? 你最喜欢什么？12 be proud of = take pride in 为。
感到骄傲13 be worried about = worry about 为。
而担心，担心。
14 wait in line 排队等候15 be pleased with sb = be satisfied with sb 对某人感到满意be pleased at sth 为某事而感到高兴16 taste delicious 尝起来美味 smell terrible 闻起来恶心 17 set the table 摆放餐具18 have a temperature = have a fever 发烧19 I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切进展顺利。
八下英语仁爱版知识点总结
八下英语仁爱版知识点总结Unit 1: Getting to Know Each Other.Greetings and Introductions: Hello, goodbye, nice to meet you, my name is..., what's your name?, where are you from?, I'm from..., how are you?, I'm fine, thank you.Personal Information: name, age, birthday, address, phone number, email address, nationality, favorite color, favorite food, favorite subject, hobbies.Making Friends: asking questions to get to know someone, finding common interests, being friendly and approachable.Unit 2: My Family and Friends.Family Members: father, mother, brother, sister, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins.Describing Family Members: age, appearance, personality,occupation, hobbies.Friends: best friends, close friends, classmates, neighbors, online friends.Describing Friends: appearance, personality, interests, how you met them.Unit 3: My School Life.School Subjects: English, math, science, history, geography, music, art, physical education.School Activities: attending classes, taking notes, doing homework, studying for tests, participating in extracurricular activities.School Rules and Regulations: uniforms, attendance, behavior, discipline.School Events: school trips, sports events, cultural performances, graduation ceremonies.Unit 4: Where I Live.Types of Houses: houses, apartments, villas, bungalows, mansions.Parts of a House: living room, kitchen, bedroom, bathroom, garden.Describing a House: size, location, number of rooms, amenities, appearance.Neighborhood: neighbors, local businesses, parks, schools, hospitals.Unit 5: Daily Life.Daily Routine: waking up, getting dressed, eating breakfast, going to school, doing homework, playing, watching TV, going to bed.Food and Drinks: breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks,fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, drinks.Clothing: types of clothes, colors, patterns, sizes, styles.Unit 6: My Town or City.Landmarks: famous buildings, monuments, statues, bridges.Public Places: parks, squares, museums, libraries, shopping malls, hospitals.Transportation: buses, trains, cars, taxis, bicycles.People and Culture: local customs, traditions, festivals, food.Unit 7: Travel and Adventure.Travel Destinations: countries, cities, tourist attractions.Travel Activities: sightseeing, shopping, dining, hiking, swimming.Transportation: planes, trains, buses, cars.Travel Tips: packing, getting around, staying safe.Unit 8: The Natural World.Animals: mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians.Plants: flowers, trees, shrubs, fruits, vegetables.Natural Resources: water, forests, minerals, oil, gas.Environmental Issues: pollution, climate change, deforestation.Unit 9: Science and Technology.Inventions: telephone, computer, microscope, television,airplane.Scientists: Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin.Scientific Experiments: conducting experiments, collecting data, analyzing results.Technological Advancements: smart phones, laptops, tablets, artificial intelligence.Unit 10: The World Around Us.Countries of the World: continents, countries, capitals.Cultures of the World: languages, religions, traditions, customs.Global Issues: poverty, hunger, war, climate change.International Cooperation: United Nations, Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders.。
八下仁爱版英语知识点
八下仁爱版英语知识点
仁爱版八年级英语教材主要涵盖以下知识点：
1. 语法知识点：
- 动词的时态和语态
- 名词的单数和复数形式
- 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
- 介词的用法
- 情态动词的用法
- 动名词和不定式的用法
- 句子的结构和类型
- 定语从句和状语从句的用法
2. 词汇知识点：
- 常用的词汇和短语
- 学科词汇和专业术语
- 同义词和反义词
3. 阅读技巧和能力：
- 阅读理解的技巧和策略
- 阅读文章的主旨和细节
- 阅读文章的推理和判断
- 阅读文章的段落组织和逻辑关系
4. 写作技巧和能力：
- 书信和邮件的写作格式和常用表达方式
- 叙述性、说明性和议论性文章的写作技巧
- 写作素材和论据的收集和组织
5. 口语表达能力：
- 日常对话和交流的常用表达方式
- 询问和提供信息的技巧
- 表达意见和观点的技巧和策略
6.听力技能和能力：
- 听懂和理解日常对话和广播新闻
- 听取信息和指示的能力
- 听写和填写正确信息的能力
以上是仁爱版八年级英语教材的主要知识点，希望对你有所帮助。
英语仁爱版八年级下册知识点总结
知识点一：Unit 1 Leisure Time Activities1.1 词汇：watch TV, playputer games, play the guitar, play basketball, go shopping, and so on1.2 语法：使用动词不定式作宾语1.3 句型：What do you usually do on weekends?1.4 话题：How to spend leisure time wisely知识点二：Unit 2 Healthy Eating2.1 词汇：junk food, balanced diet, nutrients, digestion, and so on2.2 语法：there be 句型2.3 句型：There is some milk in the fridge.2.4 话题：The importance of healthy eating habits知识点三：Unit 3 Travel Journal3.1 词汇：passport, visa, luggage, destination, arrival, departure, and so on3.2 语法：使用情态动词表达推测和建议3.3 句型：We may need a map to find the hotel.3.4 话题：The benefits of traveling and experiencing different cultures知识点四：Unit 4 Making the News4.1 词汇：reporter, headline, journalist, article, interview, and so on4.2 语法：使用虚拟语气表示假设4.3 句型：If I were you, I would follow the latest news.4.4 话题：The role of media in shaping public opinion——《英语仁爱版八年级下册知识点总结》1. 介绍英语作为一门国际通用语言，对于提高个人综合素质和竞争力具有重要意义。
仁爱版八年级英语下册知识点
仁爱版八年级英语下册知识点仁爱版八年级英语下册知识点概述一、语法重点1. 时态- 一般将来时：用于描述将要发生的动作或状态。
- 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2. 语态- 被动语态：强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者。
3. 非谓语动词- 动名词：作为名词使用，可以作主语、宾语等。
- 分词：现在分词和过去分词，用作形容词或副词。
4. 情态动词- can/could, may/might, must, should/ought to等，表达可能性、义务、建议等。
5. 定语从句- 关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等引导的从句，用来修饰名词或代词。
6. 状语从句- 时间、条件、原因、结果、让步等状语从句的使用。
7. 直接引语和间接引语- 引述别人的话，注意时态、人称和指示代词的变化。
二、词汇与短语1. 常用词汇- 描述人物特征的形容词，如kind, honest, creative等。
- 描述日常活动的动词短语，如clean up, take out, give up等。
- 与学校生活相关的名词，如classroom, library, project等。
2. 短语动词- look after, turn off, get along with等。
3. 常见搭配- 形容词与名词的搭配，如good habits, heavy rain等。
- 动词与副词的搭配，如finish quickly, study hard等。
三、阅读理解1. 抓住文章主旨- 通过阅读标题、首段和结尾段，快速把握文章大意。
2. 推理判断- 根据上下文线索，推断生词或隐含信息的含义。
3. 细节理解- 通过关键词定位，准确获取文章中的具体信息。
四、写作技巧1. 句型多样性- 使用复合句、并列句等多样化的句型，丰富文章结构。
2. 逻辑连贯- 使用连接词，如however, therefore, moreover等，使文章结构清晰、逻辑性强。
仁爱英语八（下）全册知识点
仁爱英语⼋（下）全册知识点⼋年级下册知识点Unit 5Fｅeling ExcitedTｏpic １You looｋeｘｃited1. ｉnvｉtｅｓb. tｏdo sth．邀请某⼈做某事iｎvite ｓｂ. (to sp.) 邀请某⼈(到某地).2.ｇｏto the mｏvies 去看电影3．one of + 形容词最⾼级+可数名词复数……中最……之⼀“ｏｎe of +可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词⽤单数形式4.ｐrｅpareｓth．准备某事preｐare for为……作准备ｐｒepare sth. forｓｂ.为某⼈准备……bｅprｅpａreｄfoｒ强调准备好的状态pｒeparｅto do sth.准备做．．.．．.5．sａy thankｓto sｂ. 向某⼈表⽰感谢say hellｏtｏｓｂ. 向某⼈问好sａy goｏd－bye to sb. 向某⼈告别say sorrｙtｏsｂ. 向某⼈道歉6. felt是feeｌ的过去式。
feｅl意为“感觉，感到”，是连系动词,后⾯接形容词作表语。
类似的还有:tasｔe(尝起来), smelｌ(闻起来），loｏk（看起来),ｓound（听起来)。
7.beａblｅｔo dｏｓtｈ. 有能⼒做某事; be not able to do sｔｈ. 没有能⼒做某事be aｂｌe to, can 区别:be aｂｌe ｔo do能够－－-侧指通过努⼒能够实现的;can---侧指⼈所具有的⼀种能⼒。
另外,can⼀般⽤于现在时和过去时⽽be ａｂlｅto可以⽤于任何时态。
8. ticｋet to……的票/⼊场券；9. ｂｅexcited about ｓth.对某物感到很兴奋10.seeｍunｈａppy看起来不⾼兴seeｍto ｄo ｓth. 看起来/似乎做某事Ｉt ｓeems/ed＋thａt（ａｓiｆ）看起来……,看样⼦……11. a ticket for/ ｔo sｔh. ……的票/⼊场券inｔｅrestiｎg adｊ.“令⼈有趣的”可修饰⼈，也可修饰物iｎｔerｅsted aｄj“感兴趣的,对…感兴趣”，主语通常是⼈，多⽤于bｅ/get/fｅel/beｃomeiｎteｒesｔedin结构中。
仁爱版英语八年级下册Unit知识点归纳
仁爱版英语八年级下册U n i t知识点归纳TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】八年级下册英语笔记：U n i t5t o p i c 1SectionA1语法：系表结构（系动词+形容词）系动词：动词(are/am/is/was/were)2.感官动词：feel(感觉起来)/look/seem（看起来）/sound（听起来）/smell（闻起来）/taste（尝起来）3.四变（turn+颜色）（get+长/短/暗/亮/暖和/冷/热）（become+好）（go+质/疯）are you doing=How are you你好吗区分：What are you doing你在做什么well(形容词) 指身体好 excited 系表结构what！猜猜看~！ sb. to do sth.邀请某人去做某事of+最高级+名词复数 the evening 过夜 spend度过（周末/假期）sth. for sb.=be ready for 为…准备11. say thanks/sorry/goodbye to sb.对某人说谢谢/对不起/再见1.smile 微笑名词/动词 smiling 微笑的形容词2.What a shame! 真遗憾！3.I feel disappointed.（系表结构）我感到失望。
4.help others 帮助他人5.be popular with 在…中受欢迎the poor 穷人 the rich 富人SectionB1.What’s the matter with sb.=What’s wrong with sb.=What’s the trouble=What’sup 你怎么了2.seem 好似/看起来像… seem+adj. seem to do sth.似乎要做某事It seems that+句子好像要做某事3.get a ticket to+电影名 the key to the door 门的钥匙the answer to the question问题的答案4.want to do sth.想做某事5.I hope to do sth./that+句子我希望…6.not…at all 一点也不7.like …a lot/very much 很喜欢move 动词移动人+moved 形容词感动的事+moving 感人的Unit5 topic1 sectionC1.one of +最高级+名词复数2.care for sb.=look after sb.=take care of sb. 照顾…3.die- died-dying 死亡动词 dead 形容词死的 death 名词死亡4.tired-tiring 疲惫的 surprised-surprising 惊喜的 moved-moving感动的 bored-boring 无聊的excited-exciting兴奋的 interested-interesting有趣的 relaxed-relaxing休闲的5.alone 单独的/单独地形容词/副词 lonely 孤单寂寞的只能做形容词Maria lives alone，but she doesn’t feel lonely.6.become/became angry变得生气 be angry with sb./sth. 对…生气7.because of +名词/名词短语因为某人或某事 because+句子8.noise 不可数名词嘈杂声 noisy形容词嘈杂的 noisily 副词嘈杂地区分：noise 噪音 sound 声音 voice 嗓音9.teach-taught（过去式）重要短语： teach/tell/ask sb.（not）to do sth.教/叫某人(不)去做某事10.perform plays 表演短剧11.cheer him/her/me/ them up 使他们振作 cheer sb. on 为…加油12.at first 首先 in the end 最后=at last13.笑脸 the smiling facesmake/made sth./make sb.+形容词/make sb.+名词让某人做某事/怎样on the night/morning/afternoon of +日期在某个特定时间的晚上/上午/下午14.on the way to+地方在去…的路上on one’s w ay home 在回家路上15.fall into /fell into 落入16.look for 寻找（过程） find 找到（结果）section Dcame into being 形成has …of history. 它有…的历史= It has a history of+年份=more than 超过 full of充满=fill…with5. facial paintings 脸谱6. Chinese culture 中国文化7. used to do sth. 过去常做某事 be used to doing sth. 适应做某事popular with sb. 在…流行be interested in doing sth. 对…感兴趣with sb. 同意某人意见Unit5 Topic 2 SectionA1.看起来焦急 look worried2.Anything wrong 形容词或副词修饰不定代词放后面。
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仁爱版八年级下册期中复习资料Unit 51. You look excited\angry\disappointed\upset\frightened. 你看起来兴奋|生气|失望烦躁|惊恐。
2. 感官系动词：look 看起来smell闻起来taste尝起来sound 听起来feel 摸|感觉起来3. 系表结构：系动词+形容词go mad get wet get angry turn greenfall asleepfeel alittle more(confident\ comfortable) belost=get lost4. go to the movies=go to thecinema=watch\see a film 看电影5. one of + 可数的复数形式It’s one of my favorite movies.6. prepare…for…为……做准备6.say thanks to sb. 向某人致谢7. be popular with 受……欢迎8.be kind\ cruelto sb. 对某人友好|残忍9. a ticket to… ……的入场券10.set the table 摆放餐具11.seem +adj.\n.\to do sth. It’s seems that12. We are moved by the movingstory. 前者修饰人，后者修饰物13. be proud ofbe pleased withbe worried aboutbe excited about \at sth.be sorry forbe interested in sth.be grateful to sb.be strict with sb.be strict about\in sth.be angry with\at sb.be angry at\about sth.be nervous aboutbetired of sth.=be bored with sth.be surprised at sth.be surprised to do sth.be afraid of(doing) sth14. can （not）=be（not）able to will be able to（其将来时）15. have a temperature \fever发烧16.ring sb. up=call sb. 给某人打电话17. care for=take care of=lookafter 照顾18.on the way to …… 在去……的路上18.feel lonely live alone 前者形容词修饰系动词，后者副词修饰动词19. because of +n.\代词|名词短语because+句子20. on+具体描述的时间段21.fall into 掉入fall down 倒塌22. in the end=at last=finally 最后e into being 形成、成立于（一般为过去式came）24. be full of=be filled with 充满了，被填满了25. make peace with 与某人和解Topic21.do well\ badly in 在……做得好|不好2.have a talk with sb. 与某人交谈3. at one’s age 在某个年纪4.make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友5. tell jokes 讲笑话6.fail the exam= not passthe exam考试不及格7. some suggestions=somepieces of advice 一些建议（前者可数，后者不可数）8. happen to sb.\sth. （事情）发生在……身上happen to do sth. 碰巧9.take part in activities10.with the help of sb. 12.clap one’s hands鼓掌13. make faces 做鬼脸14.all the time 一直15.take a wlk=go for a walk 散步16. calm down17.at the end of themonths在月末18.smile at life笑对人生19.learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学learn sth. from sb.向某人学习20.get along（well）with sb. 与某人相处（融洽）21.put on a play 上演剧目22．in a bad\good mood in good\bad health ingood\bad\high\low spirits23. make+宾语+do\adj.\n. make her laugh\excited\monitor let sb. do sth.24.get together with sb. 与某人团聚25. get bake to sth. 回到某事上26. bring bake a sense of happiness找回快乐的感觉Unit6 Topic11. go on a three-day visit a on e-meter-tall boy2. find out 查明3. make a decision=decide to do sth. 做决定4. hard \soft sleeper 硬|软卧5. at the price of 60 yuan6.in bad\good condition 条件糟糕|好7.arrive at+小地方in+大地方= reach to =get to8. total cost总花费9. booka room=make a room reservation 预定一个房间10. tell|ask sb. (not) to dosth.11.a roomwithouta bathroom or air conditioning 12.astandard room for one person13.workout the cost of the trip计算work out the problem 解决14. come up with an idea 提出15.ea ch≥2（river\street）every≥3 either(两者之一) both=2all≥3(肯定) none≥3（否定）16.be drawn 被抽到nd safely 18.have a good rest好好休息19.in the open air在户外20. anexciting experience have no experience (前者经历、可数，后者经验、不可数)21. placesof interest 名胜古迹22.local people strangerU6T21. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事2. on vacation 在度假3.help sb. (to) do sth.4. make a plan plan to do sth. 计划做某事5. come along with sb.跟随某人6. at the foot \top of 在……的脚下|顶上7.spread over an area of 40 km28. the beginning of ……的开始9. by the way顺便问一下10.take out 拿出来11.on both sides of on each\either side of 12.tell good from bad 辨别好坏13.in onto 的区别14.pull-push拉-推15.step on 16.in all directions 四面八方17.lookfor space to park bikes 18. walk throughthe passage 19.take photos拍照片20. pushone’s way out挤开、推进（道路）21.out of sight看不见22.get on\off上|下车23.can’thelp doing sth. 忍不住做某事24.shout atsb. to do sth .25.havefun doing sth.高兴地做某事26. realize one’sdream=come true27.everywhere=here and there 28. especially 29. make sure确保U6T31.atraffic accident2.Many passengers were hurt. be badly hurt=hurt……badly3.becrazy about sth. 热衷于be crazyabout sb. 迷恋、爱上.4.causeair pollution造成空气污染5.get used todoing sth. 习惯于做某事used to do sth. 过去常常做某事6..inpublic 在公共场合7.die（动）dead（形）death（名）8.slowdown 减速9.the opposite direction相反的方向10.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事11.runinto 撞到12.rush to冲向13.careful-careless 细心-粗心carefully-carelessly14.get afine 罚款15.indanger处于危险中16. instead of doing sth 而不是……17.warnsb. (not) to do sth. 警告、提醒某人（不）做某事warn about\of againststh.18.introuble causetrouble I’m sorry to trouble you. 不好意思打扰你了。
19.lead…to… led（过去式）20.ride into跻身于21.in one’s life 在某人一生中22.go ondoing sth go on with sth. 继续（做）某事23.the finalresult 最终结果24.from…to…=from…till… 从……到…… 25.beat sb. atsth.在某方面打败某人26 .beatthe record打破记录set a new record设立一个新纪录27. once again再一次28.dealwith the problems 处理这些问题29. 21 timed stages 21个计时阶段U7T11. know about了解，知道……情况2.know\hear of 知道听说过3.be born出生于4. have \hold\organise a foodfestival5.raise money 筹钱6.onthe Internet7. when and where 8. cheer sb. up使振作（高兴）起来9.western culture西方文化10. keep\get in touch with 与某人保持|取得联系11.fried rice\noodles炒饭、炒面12. getsth. aboutsb. 获得关于某人的信息13.would like to do=’d like to do=want to do14.turnto =ask sb. for help 向某人求助take turns to do sth.轮流做某事15.thinkabout 思考，考虑think over 考虑16. imagine (sb.) doing sth. Sb. imagine (that) +句子17. have a sweet tooth=enjoy eatingsweet food 喜欢吃甜食18. what’s worse 更糟糕的是what’s more 更有甚者however 然而19. 形、副+enough Eg: good\well enough enough+名词Eg: enough time\food20. India- Indian Italy- Italian Greece-Greek America- American Russia- RussianJapan-Japanese Britain-British Canada-Canadian Asia-Asian Europe-EuropeanAfrica-Africa Astralia-Australian China-Chinese (前者名词即国名或州名，后者形容词) 21. decide (not) to do sth. decide on sth. 22. over\on the phone=by phone23. sendout 发送send for sb. 请某人来send off 送行send sth. to sb. 发送某物给某人24.an internationalfood festival 25. make aninvitation to sb.=invite sb.26. at…school at 11:00 am. onSunday 27. We students 28. work at sth.致力于、努力做29. inorder (not) to do sth. in orderthat=so that 为了30. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事31. win（动）won（过去式）winner（名）win a match赢得比赛beat a team 打败一个队32. a few school supplies supply sth. to sb. 提供某物给某人supply sb. with sth. 提供某人某物33. success（名）successful（形）successfully（副）succeed（动）U7T21. try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth.试试做某事2. cook（煮或厨师）cooker（厨具）3. boiledwater 开水（完成、被动）boiling water正在沸腾的水（进行、主动）4. cutsth. finely 细细地切fry lightly cut sth.up 将某物切碎cut…into pieces 切片5. addto … 添加在…上add…to…将…加在… add up 加起来add up to总计为6. inanother pot 任何一个7. at once=immediately立即8. advantage优点（可数）9. first second next then after that finally 首先、其次、再次、然后、之后、最后10．how to do it=what to do 11. mind (one’s) doing 介意（某人）做某事12. well-better-best（副）good-better-best（形）hard-harder-hardest(形|副)13. Helpyourself to sth.,单人。