高中语法精讲精练

高中语法精讲精练—虚拟语气虚拟语气概念：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

使用虚拟条件句要注意以下几点：1、在错综时间虚拟句，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。

1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night．2）If he had followed the doctor\'s advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

）即学即用：①If you ______________ (listen) to the talk about the UN yesterday , you ____________ (know) the answer to the question now.②If I _________ (be) you , I _____________ (spend) my holiday in France next week.2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were，had，should 移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。

1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park．2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience．注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式是，不能用动词的缩略形式。

通过Were it not for...或Had it not been for...等句式表达条件1)Were it not for(=If it were not for) the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life3、含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without，but for等）引出的短语、分词（如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。

此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。

1）(2011·江西高考)We would have put John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.2）The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy .3) I was so busy then , otherwise , I would have told him the answer .1) I wish I were as tall as you.2) He wished he hadn't said that.3) I wish it would rain tomorrow.以as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况，都必须用虚拟语气。

1)The little boy knows so many things as if he were an adult2) She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America .3) He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA .1) If only I had passed the test ！2) If only it stopped raining ！3) If only I had taken mother's advice .①用在suggest; advice; order; insist ; demand ; propose ; request ; command ; desire 等这些动词后面的宾语从句中，从句中的动词使1) The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.2) He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.3) It is arranged that he leave for Canada on Friday.4) What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening5) My suggestion is that we should go there at once.【注意】 ①suggest 意为“表明, 暗示”时, 宾语从句不用虚拟语气; ②insist 意为“坚持说”时, 宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

② 在和idea ，necessity ，plan ， motion ，order ，proposal ，recommendation ，suggestion ，demand , insistence, 等词有关的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用表示虚拟语气1)M y idea is that the group （should ）hold another session to discuss the problem ．③ It’s neces sary/strange/natural/ important /impossible + that Clause ；It is suggested / insisted / ordered / desired / requested / proposed + that Clause ;It is a pity/no wonder/ a shame …..等从句中用虚拟, 1) It is a great pity that you (should) think so.2) It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college ．3) It is strange that the girl （should ）be so arrogant ．1) (2010·江苏高考)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I ’d rather he focused more on its culture.2) I would rather you hadn ’t told me about it .1) It is time that the children went to bed.2) It is high time that the children should go to bed.3) It is high time that we had our lunch.4) It is time that he made up his mind.1．needn't have done 表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。

1) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。

(Mary 步行回家，没有遇上John 的车。

)2．shouldn't have done 本不应该做某事（事实上做了） should have done 本应该做某事（事实上没有做）1) You shouldn ’t come here yesterday.2) I should have worked hard last year, but I didn’t.3．could have done 本来能够做某事（而事实上没有做）基础题1. (2013·福建高考)—Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he _______ his car to our college yesterday.A. would driveB. droveC. would have drivenD. had driven2. (2013·重庆高考)—I t rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _________.A. hadn’tB. haven’tC. didn’tD. don’t3. (2013·安徽高考) I ________ to my cousin’s birthday party la st night, but I was not available.A. wentB. had goneC. would goD. would have gone4. (2012·湖南高考) Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had5. (2012·安徽高考) Grace doesn’t want to move to Ne w York because she thinks if she _______ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. has livedD. were to live6. (2012·陕西高考)If my car _______ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be7. (2014·成都模拟)Had they known what was coming next, they ________ second thoughts.A. may haveB. could haveC. must have hadD. might have had8. If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel, more animals ________ dying out.A. ought to avoidB. could have been avoidedC. should have avoidedD. might have avoided9. (2014·黄冈模拟)—Did you watch the football match between Hengda of Guangzhou and Kashiwa Reysol of Japan?—I ________ it, but I was on duty that night.A. could watchB. might watchC. must have watchedD. could have watched10. Don’t ha ndle the vase as if it _______ made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been11. (2014·马鞍山模拟)He ordered that the problem________ at once.A. would be solvedB. would solveC. be solvedD. was solved12.—My uncle suggests I ________ abroad. —I would rather you ________ at home.A. go; stayB. went; stayedC. go; stayedD. went; stay13.（2014北京卷）34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be14.（2014福建卷）32. _________no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were thereB. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been15.（2014湖南卷）22.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. wereB. had beenC. should beD. was16.（2014陕西卷）23. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stayB. has stayedC. stayedD. stay17.（2014天津卷）15. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catchB. should be catchC. has he caughtD. Had he caught18.（2014浙江卷）They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.A. would have comeB. could comeC. have comeD. had come19.（2014重庆卷）13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?A. had doneB. have doneC. didD. am doing20. It's high time we _______ our attention to this problem.A. turnedB. turnC. had turnedD. would turn提高题1. If only you _______ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.A didn't toldB hadn't toldC would not tellD would have not told2. Maybe if I ________ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying3. We ________ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury .A. will putB. will have putC. would putD. would have put4. Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but ________ if you had spent less time in playing football?A wouldn't they have been betterB wouldn't they be betterC won't they be betterD won't they have been better5. He must have had an accident, or he________ here then.A would have beenB had beenC should have beenD could be6. Much labor would have been saved if the electronic computers________ before.A. had invented B were invented B should have been invented D had been invented7. _______ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.A Were they toB Could theyC If theyD Would they8. Five minutes earlier, and we _______ the last bus.A had caughtB should have caughtC could have caughtD caught9. If he _______ hard in the past five years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly.A had not been workingB has not been workingC was not workingD were not working10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see herfriends very often.A has to getB were to getC had gotD could have got11. --- Where are the children ? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. --- I wish they ______ always late.A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t have been12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ________ after 11 o'clock at night.A were not playedB not to playC not be playedD did not play13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _______ on business first.A would goB will goC wentD have gone14. _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were IB. I wereC. Were ID. Was I15. It is highly desirable that a new chairman _________ for the committee.A. will be elected B is elected C elect D be elected16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.A is assignedB will be assignedC be assignedD has been assigned17. --- Pity you missed the concert . ---- I ________ it , but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. must have attendedB. had attendedC. would have attendedD. would attend18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _______ him.A would have telephonedB must have telephonedC would telephoneD had telephoned19. It is recommended that the project _______ until all the preparations have been made.A is not startedB will not be startedC not be startedD is not to be started20. --- Why did you leave him as he was ? ---- But what ________ otherwise? He never listens to me .A. could I doB. should I doC. could I have doneD. must I have done21. I would have written before, but I _______ ill then.A amB wasC had beenD would be22. Suppose/Supposing you _________ him now, what would you say to him?A meetB metC have metD would meet23 The sleeping baby would be scared ________ a sudden loud noise .A. was thereB. there wasC. should there beD. there should be。