高级英语修辞格 (1)教学提纲

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高级英语第四版第二课修辞

高级英语第四版第二课修辞

高级英语第四版第二课修辞摘要:一、引言二、高级英语第四版第二课修辞概述三、课程内容提要1.比喻2.明喻和暗喻3.提喻4.拟人5.反讽6.排比四、修辞手法在英语写作中的应用五、总结与反思正文:【引言】高级英语课程旨在帮助学生提高英语水平,使他们能够熟练地运用英语进行沟通和表达。

在第四版第二课中,我们学习了修辞这一重要主题。

修辞是一种通过语言手段,使表达更加生动、形象和具有感染力的方法。

本篇文章将概括介绍课程中的修辞内容。

【高级英语第四版第二课修辞概述】修辞是一种艺术,通过运用特定的语言技巧,使文本更加吸引人、有趣和易于理解。

在高级英语第四版第二课中,我们学习了多种修辞手法,包括比喻、明喻和暗喻、提喻、拟人、反讽和排比等。

这些修辞手法可以帮助我们更有效地传达思想和感情。

【课程内容提要】1.比喻:比喻是通过将一个事物与另一个事物相比较,从而形象地表达出某种特性的修辞手法。

例如:“时间是金钱。

”2.明喻和暗喻:明喻是直接比较两个事物,而暗喻则是通过暗示进行比较。

例如:“她的眼睛是星星。

”(明喻)和“她是个睡美人。

”(暗喻)3.提喻:提喻是通过部分代表整体或通过整体代表部分的修辞手法。

例如:“杯水车薪。

”4.拟人:拟人是一种赋予非人类事物人类特征的修辞手法。

例如:“月亮害羞地躲在云朵后面。

”5.反讽:反讽是通过表达与字面意义相反的意义,从而产生幽默或讽刺效果的修辞手法。

例如:“祝你度过一个美好的时光。

”(用于分手场景)6.排比:排比是通过重复相同或类似的结构,以强调某个观点或情感的修辞手法。

例如:“生命在于运动,健康在于运动,美丽在于运动。

”【修辞手法在英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中,运用修辞手法可以使文章更具表现力和吸引力。

例如,使用比喻可以使抽象概念更具体化,使用拟人可以让描述更生动有趣。

恰当运用修辞手法有助于作者更好地传达思想和情感,同时也能让读者在阅读过程中获得愉悦。

【总结与反思】通过学习高级英语第四版第二课中的修辞内容,我们了解了多种修辞手法及其在英语写作中的应用。

(完整word版)高级英语1修辞总结,推荐文档

(完整word版)高级英语1修辞总结,推荐文档

Lesson 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia:is the formation of words in imitation of the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. (Para. 5)3) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1)…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, …(Para. 5)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. … and so thick with the dust of centuries that …(Para. 8)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5.Contrast:e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed withhuman qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. 1) … where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, … (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Lesson 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. (Para.2) At last the intermezzo came to an end and…(Para. 5)Synecdoche: 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part(as the law for police officer), the specific for the general(as cutthroat for assassin ), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).举隅法,提喻法:一种修辞方法,以局部代表整体(如用手代表水手),以整体代表局部(如用法律代表警官),以特殊代表一般(如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者),以一般代表特殊(如用贼代表扒手),或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西(如用钢代表剑)e.g. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)little old Japan: traditional Japanese housesMetonymy: 换喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington”for “the United States government”or of “the sword”for “military power”.换喻,转喻:一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture Irony:反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语:用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法,以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。

高级英语1教学大纲

高级英语1教学大纲

《高级英语Ⅰ》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称:高级英语Ⅰ课程英文名称: Advanced EnglishⅠ课程类别: 专业基础课课程属性:必修学分:3 学时:54学期共1学期考核方式:笔试+口试二、课程性质及教学目的根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》培养目标要求,高等院校英语专业要培养具有扎实的基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的相关专业知识、有较强适应能力、应变能力、自主能力和良好身心素质的复合型英语人才。

在基础阶段的英语教学完成以后,必须继续进行更高一级的英语阅读教学。

高级英语课程是英语专业基础阶段综合英语课程在高层次上的延续,是一门训练学生阅读理解、语法修辞与写作能力的综合英语技能课程,是一门专业必修课。

顺应时代和社会的要求,我系高年级综合英语教研组在总结传统教学经验、在探索新的教学理念、学习现代教育技术的基础上,以语言教学理论和多媒体网络教学技术理论为基础,以更新教学内容和手段、重组教学结构为出发点,大力改革高级英语课堂教学模式,把课堂教学和多媒体网络技术相结合,寻求以学生为中心的互动性、协作性、个性化的高年级综合英语教学模式。

学生通过多媒体课堂教学、课后自主学习,巩固和深化语言基础知识、提高词义辨析能力,扩大词汇量,阅读和分析涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面的名家作品,扩大知识面,加深对社会和人生的理解;培养学生对名篇分析和欣赏能力,逻辑思维与独立思考能力,使学生增强对文化差异的敏感性;初步了解各种修辞手段和各种写作技巧;使学生能够熟悉常用的文学、科技等词汇;并引发学习者对社会、历史、科学和文化等重大问题的自我思考能力,全面发展学生的语言技能、思辨能力、赏析能力、解决问题的能力,从而培养学生的语言综合运用能力,提高其自主学习、持续学习的能力。

在词汇上,通过课堂教学和其他途径认识7000-9000个词汇;且能正确而熟练地使用其中的5000个及其最常见的搭配。

掌握基本的构词法;掌握一定数量的同义词、反义词辨析。

高级英语一 修辞格归纳

高级英语一 修辞格归纳

《高级英语(一)》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。

主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance(元韵)、consonance(辅韵)等。

2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。

主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion(典故), metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma(轭式修饰法), contrast 等。

3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。

这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe (顿呼)等。

Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出人意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反面, 其作用是加强语气,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。

高级英语(1)修辞格汇总(DOC)

高级英语(1)修辞格汇总(DOC)

一.词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想,利用不同事物之间的相似点,借助比喻词(如like,as等)起连接作用,清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.③My skin is like an uncooked(未煮过的)barley pancake.④The oratorial(雄辩的)storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…⑤I see also the dull(迟钝的), drilled(训练有素的), docile(易驯服的), brutish (粗野的)masses of the Hun soldiery plodding(沉重缓慢地走)on like a swarm(群)of crawling locusts(蝗虫).(2)metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。

A是B或B就是A。

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。

高级英语(1)修辞格知识分享

高级英语(1)修辞格知识分享

高级英语(1)修辞格一.词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想,利用不同事物之间的相似点,借助比喻词(如like,as 等)起连接作用,清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①The oratorial(雄辩的) storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…②I see also the dull(迟钝的), drilled(训练有素的), docile(易驯服的), brutish(粗野的) masses of the Hun soldiery plodding(沉重缓慢地走) on like a swarm(群) of crawling locusts(蝗虫).(2)metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。

A是B或B就是A。

收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员.( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。

Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B.Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水,而是点燃一把火。

高级英语(一) 课程教学大纲

高级英语(一) 课程教学大纲

《高级英语(一)》课程教学大纲课程编号:20531102总学时数:32总学分数:2课程性质:专业任选课适用专业:旅游管理一、课程的任务和基本要求:本课程针对的是已掌握英语基础知识的高年级学生。

课文的内容及题材极具多样化,目的是让学生能接触不同的文体,吸收较广泛的知识。

每课课文后附有注释,包括作家介绍、历史背景、有关典故及一般学生使用的词典中难以查到的语言现象,因此要求学生对此不能忽略,应强化学习,拓宽视野,有利于今后更高层次的学习。

主要训练的内容有:学会查英文词典,通过独立工作加深对课文的理解;掌握较深层次的单词的构词及同义词;掌握基本的常见的各种修辞技巧,以助于提高写作水平和欣赏英文原文的能力;同时学习欣赏课文的写作技巧,并从口、笔译两方面对所学内容灵活运用,进一步扩大自己的知识和技能。

二、基本内容和要求:Unit 1:The Middle Eastern Bazaar.Basic Requirements: The very beginning lesson of this course offers a great challenge of too many new words to the students for the first time. Therefore, the students should be well-prepared to take this course. They are required to learn how to appreciate and write a detailed and well-organized article of description.Unit 2:Hiroshima----the “liveliest” city in Japan.Basic Requirements: Try to know how to appreciate and write a good report with well-organized structure and truthful description of the item to be reported. Also required is the understanding of the effects of atomic bombs, especially the vic tims’ suffering.Unit 5: Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the USSR. As a well-known speech all over the world, this one is worth being paid great attention.Basic Requirements: The students are demanded to learn some famous paragraphs by heart. Also require d to acquire are the background of this speech and Churchill’s skill of writing.Unit 6: Blackmail. This is an excerpt of one of the novels written by Arthur Hailey, the creator of several bestsellers.Basic Requirements: This test demonstrates the writer’s talent of writing and profound exposure of the evils done by the upper-class. The students are to be encouraged to read between lines and get some information about the American society depicted in the novel.Unit 9: Mark Twain----Mirror of America. As a humorist and novelist who can never escape the study of any student in American literature, Mark Twain remains so great a topic for the students who desire to learn and know American English well.Basic Requirements: By learning the text, the students can have a general understanding of this literary giant.Unit 10: The Trial that Rocked the Earth.Basic Requirements: By learning this text, the students can understand the difficulties that the theory of Evolution met in the process of its popularization in the Christian countries, even in the democratic and open America.三、实践环节和要求:无四、教学时数分配:五、其它项目:无六、有关说明:1、教学和考核方式:该课程均为考查课,考核方式均为口试,开卷考。

高级英语第三版修辞总结(一)

高级英语第三版修辞总结(一)

高级英语第三版修辞总结(一)高级英语第三版修辞总结前言•介绍高级英语第三版修辞的重要性和目的。

正文修辞的定义和作用•解释修辞的含义和作用。

•强调修辞在英语写作和修辞分析中的重要性。

修辞基础知识•简要介绍修辞的基础知识,如比喻、隐喻、夸张等。

•强调理解这些基础知识对于掌握高级修辞技巧的重要性。

高级修辞技巧•详细介绍高级修辞技巧,如倒装、排比、反复运用某个词汇等。

•提供实例和练习,帮助读者理解和应用这些技巧。

修辞分析与应用•强调修辞分析对于阅读他人作品和提升写作能力的重要性。

•提供示范分析,并指导如何运用修辞技巧来增强自己的作品。

练习与实践•提供大量的练习题和实践活动,巩固所学的修辞技巧和分析能力。

•鼓励读者通过实践来提升自己的写作水平。

结尾•总结修辞的重要性和高级修辞技巧的学习内容。

•鼓励读者继续深入学习修辞,并在写作中灵活运用所学的技巧。

以上是关于高级英语第三版修辞的总结文稿,希望对读者有所帮助,提升他们的英语写作能力。

高级英语第三版修辞总结(续)前言修辞是英语写作中不可或缺的一部分,它能够增强语言的表达效果,丰富文章的内涵,传达作者的意图。

高级英语第三版修辞是一本权威的修辞学教材,本文将对其进行总结和归纳,为读者提供一份简明扼要的指南。

正文修辞的定义和作用•修辞是指运用各种语言手段来美化、提升和加强文学作品的艺术方法。

它通过巧妙地运用词汇、句法和修辞手法,使作品更加生动、丰富并引发读者的共鸣。

•在英语写作中,修辞不仅是丰富文章的语言表达手法,更是传达作者观点和情感的重要工具。

修辞基础知识•了解和掌握修辞的基础知识对于理解高级修辞技巧至关重要。

比喻、隐喻、夸张等是常见的修辞手法,它们能够通过对语言的转化和形象化,突出特定的意义和感受。

•深入了解这些基础知识,有助于读者使用和理解更高级的修辞手法,提升自己的写作水平。

高级修辞技巧•高级修辞技巧是指运用复杂和精密的语言手段来增强修辞效果。

例如倒装、排比、反复运用某个词汇等,它们能够在文章中产生独特的语言效果和节奏感。

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高级英语修辞格(1)1. 明喻(simile)是用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。

例如:(1)O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。

(2)He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。

(3)The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。

他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。

as long as it′s broad半斤八两;结果一样as clear as crystal清如水晶2. 暗喻/隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

(1)He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。

(2)The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。

(3)The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

英语中有许多数词习语和俚语,主要用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。

(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。

(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。

to teach fish to swim班门弄斧to plough the sand白费力气a square peg in a roun d hole不适宜担任某一职务的人between the devil and the deep sea进退两难。

3. 提喻(synecdoche)主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分;或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象;以特殊代表一般,或用一般代表特殊。

例如:(1)The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。

句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”(巨大的牺牲)(2)“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”……他说这是世界上最美的语言。

这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。

(3)Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the US team.很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。

这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。

(4)He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。

(5)The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。

(6)He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。

4. 转喻(metonymy)是用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。

比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统,用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol,用the bar 来代替the legal profession,用 crown代替 king等。

例如:His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。

(2)The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。

(3)He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。

(4)The pen is mightier than the sword.(5)例子Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)--the United States(美国)Fleet Street(舰队街)--the British press(英国报界)the Pentagon(五角大楼)--U.S Defence Department (美国国防部)Foggy Bottom(雾谷)--U.S. State Department (美国国务院)Hollywood(好莱坞)--American film-making industry (美国电影制片业,电影界)10,Downing Street(唐宁街10号)--the residence and office of the British prime minister(英国首相官邸)Ivan(伊万)--the Russian people(俄罗斯人民)5. 拟人(personification)把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。

例如:(1)My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。

(2)This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。

(3)The flowers nodded to her while she passed.当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。

(4)The wind whistled through the trees. 风穿过树丛,树叶哗哗作响。

(5)My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.我唯一担心的是,到了一月份我又得去找工作。

英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化,赋以生命,使人们读起来亲切生动。

6.委婉 (euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语,以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。

例如:用to fall asleep; cease thinking; pass away; go to heaven; leave us 代替 to die用senior citizens代替old people用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil用weight watcher代替 fat people用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum用emotionally disturbed代替mad用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory用 handicapped代替 crippled用low income brackets阶层; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people7. 夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。

(1)My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。

(2)When I told our father about this,his heart burst. 当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来。

(3)My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone. 从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动。

8.反语/讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。

(1)Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。

店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已。

as welcome as a storm象欢迎暴风雨一样受欢迎(实则“不得人心”);as slender in the middle as a cow in the waist腰细如牛(实际是“腰粗如牛”)。

as clear as mud9. 双关语(pun)用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果:表面上是一个意思,而实际上却暗含另一个意思,这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。

(1)A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.一发炮弹打断了他的腿,所以他缴械投降了。

(arms可指手臂或者武器)(2)Seven days without water make one weak (week).七天没有水使一个人虚弱。

或者:七天没有水就是一周没有水。

He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.They pray for you today and prey on you tomorrow.10. 通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。

(1)Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。

书是“尝”不出味道的,也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。

这里把读书中的精读和泛读,阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受,用味觉功能和消化功能来表示,心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。

11. 拟声(onomatopoeia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。

(1)On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。

(2)She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。

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