定语从句关系词的选择方法
定语从句关系词选择方法
彭玉翠
选题背景:
定语从句为高中教学中的一个重点,也是学生在语法填空或改错题中容易遇到的一个难点。
在老师讲解完定从后,学生对关系词的选择似懂非懂,特别是中下等程度的学生。
为此,今天特意挑选定语从句中关系词的选择方法为我上课的主要内容,希望有助于学生选择定从中正确的关系词。
教学目标
1. Knowledge aim: review the attributive clause
2.2. Ability aim:To develop the skills to choose correct relative words in the attributive clause
3.3. Emotional aim: let students realize the importance of relative words in the attributive clause
教学重难点
(1) Teaching important point
4.Help Ss to understand realize the importance of relative words in the attributive clause
(2) Teaching difficult point
5.How to teach Ss’ to choose correct relative words in the attributive clause
教学过程:
Step1:Revision
:定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫________。
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词(_____ _____ _________ ______ _____等)
Step2. The functions of the relative words in the attributive clause .定语从句中关系词的语法功能
1.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语和表语,w h o s e充当定语。
2.关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
Step3:the ways of choosing correct relative words
定语从句中关系词的选用根据关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分,选定关系词时,首先确定定语从句部分,然后分析定语从句句子结构。
选择方法有两种:
一看:看定从是否缺少成分:如果定从中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语,则选用关系代词。
如果定从中主语、宾语、表语或定语齐全,则选用关系副词。
典型例句
1.This is the factory _______ I worked last year.
2.This is the factory _________ produces all kinds of TV sets.
3.I’ll never forget the days ________ I spent in the countryside.
4.I’ll never forget the days ________ I worked together with you.
5.The reason ________ he can’t come is that he is ill.
6.The reason ________ he told me is not true.
二代:把先行词代入定语从句时,看定从中要不要加介词。
要加介词,用关副;不加介词,用关代。
1.This is the mountain village ________ I stayed last year.
2.This is the mountain village ___________ I visited last year.
3.I forget the time ________ he will come.
4.I forget the time ________ he told me.
5.The reason ________ he can’t come is that he is ill.
6.The reason ________ he told me is not true.
Step4:notice
注意事项:先行词的一些特殊情况关系词的选择
● 1.只用that 的情况:代高序双特(p.s that 不用于两后:逗号后和介词后)
● 2.指代整句话用which 或as(正如)
● 3.抽象名词如stage,situation,position 等只用where
● 4.the same ...as 和so/such...as 的搭配
Step5: exercise
Step6:conclusion:一看二代三特。
定语从句关系词的选择
做表语
1You are not a girl (who/ that/不填)was two years ago.
做状语
①I shall never forget the days( which ) Ispentin that factory.
查看句子分类
1、定义
在句子中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,并作句子成分因形容词定语,所以又称之为形容词性从句。
例句:
二、定语从句关系词的确定
Step 1:明确关系词有哪些?
做主语:who、that
指人:做宾语:who、whom、that
关系代词
做定语:whose
指物:做主语和宾语:which、that
(2)we will never forget the days _________ we worked in the factory.
下次可千万别一看到地点名词就填where;时间名词就填when哦!
技巧是:看从句缺什么成分.(缺主语或宾语填关系代词,缺状语则填关系副词)
总结:
:
除以上常规操作之外,还有:
2She is the girl (who /that /不填) I met yesterday.
3I have many friendsto(whom) I am going to sendpostcard.
做定语
1I like the sea (whose) window looks out over the sea.
4This is the reason (that ) Imistakethis morning.
如何正确选用定语从句关系词
如何正确选用定语从句关系词关系词的选用让许多学生摸不找头脑,下面我将介绍我的经验。
我把关系词的选用分为两个步骤:第一步、看定语从句中缺少什么成分以确定是选用关系代词还是关系副词。
如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时,则这个关系词应是关系代词;如果定语从句中缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语,那么我们应该选用关系副词。
如:This is the book ____ I want.此句定语从句是I want,经分析,want 是个及物动词,须带宾语,也就是说,定语从句中缺少宾语,由此我们可知空上所填应是关系代词。
这就是第一步,确定关系代词还是关系副词。
第二步、看先行词。
要弄明白先行词是指人还是指物以及是否受到序数词、最高级等词的修饰以进一步圈定先行词。
如在上面例句中,先行词是the book, 是指物且无其他的修饰词,由此我们可以判断关系代词可用which 或that。
通过以上这两个步骤我们就可以确定关系词,但有一点要注意,这两个步骤的顺序不可以弄错,一旦弄错很容易陷入误区。
如:This is the reason ____he explained to us.如果学生先看先行词很容易选用why,而实际上从句中缺少宾语应选用关系代词,这一点就可以排除关系副词why。
比较下面两个句子:○1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?○2. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we stayed three months ago?这两个句子看似无差异,但答案不一样。
我们按照以上所说步骤顺序来进行分析:在例1 中,定语从句的谓语visited, 是及物动词,其后应接宾语,换句话说,定语从句中缺少宾语应选用关系代词,然后看先行词,the chicken farm 指物且无序数词、最高级等特殊修饰词修饰,所以关系代词应是that 或which;而例2 中,定语从句的谓语是不及物动词stayed,不能接宾语,也就是从句中缺少状语,且先行词是表示地点的名词,所以它的答案是关系副词where。
定语从句中关系词的选择与用法
定语从句中关系词的选择与用法定语从句是英语学习中一个重要的语法知识点,它能够对名词进行修饰,增强句子的表达能力。
其中,关系词的选择与用法是定语从句中的核心问题。
本文将分析并讨论几种常见的关系词,以及它们在定语从句中的用法。
一、关系词的分类关系代词和关系副词是定语从句中常见的关系词。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,而关系副词则有where, when, why。
二、关系词的选择与用法2.1 关系代词的选择与用法2.1.1 thatthat作为关系代词时,一般用于限定性定语从句中,引导先行词是人或物的从句。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)这里的that引导的定语从句修饰了先行词book。
2.1.2 whichwhich也用于限定性定语从句,引导先行词是物的从句。
它可以替代整个主句的内容,表示陈述或对主句所述内容的补充说明。
例如:I bought a new laptop, which is very expensive.(我买了一台很贵的新笔记本电脑。
)which引导的定语从句对先行词a new laptop进行说明。
2.1.3 who / whomwho用于限定性定语从句中,引导先行词是人的从句。
作为主语时,用who;作为宾语时,用whom。
例如:The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.(坐在我旁边的女孩是我的姐姐。
)这里的who引导的定语从句修饰了先行词girl。
2.1.4 whosewhose用于限定性定语从句中,用来表示所属关系,修饰人或物。
例如:This is the man whose car was stolen yesterday.(这是昨天车被偷的那个人。
定语从句关系词的选择
四.关系词的选择1.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作主语,只能用who 指人,which指物;关系代词做宾语,常用whom(口语中有时用who)指人,which指物,它们都不能用that代替。
2.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。
如:Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.3.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用which或that,二者常可以互换;但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。
如:All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。
如:We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如:The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时,如:Is that the best that you can do?That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5) 当先行词被the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。
定语从句中关系代词确定方法
定语从句中关系代词确定方法一、关系代词选定要诀定从要学好,删繁就简系首要,明确先行词,然后定关系词调;指人主格用who,宾格whom好,事物用which,主/宾都可靠;用that引定从,人/物均需要,非限制性定从句,切勿用that导;关系词作宾语,常将其省略掉,若介词关系词,关系词切勿抛,无论人/事物,who/that均不导,指人必whom,事物which邀;as引定从,主句内容包,常含“正如”意,位置任意挑;which如此用,用时思量好,有时含“消极”味,主句之后到;such/ the same as,固定搭配好,特殊用法务牢记,勿用乱了套;whose作定语,人/物它全包,n. of whom/which,可与其对调。
先行本身系数词,不定代词指事物,人与事物共先行,There be中指物词作主语,关系词定从中作表语,问句避免疑问词重复,另有序数词/最高级,every/ the very/ the only,以及不定代词若干个,名词前把事物来修饰,以上情况请记清,只能使用that引导定从句。
请在横线上添上恰当的关系词。
1. We need comrades _____________ can help us.2. The man _____________ you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing.3. This is a story about a communist fighter _____________ name或the name of _____________ is Liu Hu-lan.4. This is our classroom,_____________ windows或the windows of _____________ face the south.5. Here is a book _____________ will give a lot of useful knowledge.6. This is the song _____________ we like best.7. I will never forget the day,on _____________ I first saw him.8. This is the room _____________ Lao Liu once lived in.9. Do you still remember the day on _____________ he joined the army?10. The earth,_____________ we all know,moves around the sun.11. _____________ is known to all,the earth is round.12. The sun is bigger than the earth,_____________ is known to us all.13. He did not study hard,_____________ led to his failure.14. We used the same type of machine _____________ they did.15. We have found such materials _____________ are used in their factory.16. Here are five fish. The two _____________were caught yesterday are gold fish.17. Everything _____________ I told you just now is true.18. They talked of the things and persons _____________ they remembered in the school.19. There are stars _____________ we still don‘t know in space.20. Li Ying is not the girl _____________ she used to be ten years ago.1. who/that2. who/whom/that/×3. whose;whom4. whose;which5. which/ that6. which/ ×7. which8. that/which/ ×9. which10. as11. As12. as/ which 13. which14. as 15. as16. that17. that/ ×18. that/×19. that/×20. that。
定语从句中的关系词选择和用法
定语从句中的关系词选择和用法定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要句型,它用来修饰某个名词或代词,并且进一步说明该名词或代词的性质、特征、关系等。
在定语从句中,关系词的选择和用法起着关键作用,影响着从句的完整性和表达的准确性。
本文将探讨定语从句中关系词的选择和用法。
一、关系词的选择在定语从句中,常用关系词有who, whom, whose, which和that。
这些关系词在从句中分别作主语、宾语、所有格、主语或宾语以及代词的作用。
1. who/whom这两个关系词在句中都可以作为主语或宾语引导定语从句。
使用who时,所修饰的先行词通常是人;而使用whom时,则多用于被动语态或介词后。
例句:- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my cousin.- The boy whom she is talking to is her brother.2. whose关系词whose用于表示所属关系,相当于"的"。
例句:- The book whose cover is torn belongs to me.- The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.3. which关系词which用于修饰物体,并且用来代替先行词,作为主语或宾语。
例句:- The house which has a big garden is on sale.- I have lost the key which you gave me yesterday.4. that关系词that可以用来代替人或物,作为主语或宾语,在定语从句中使用较为普遍。
例句:- The dog that is barking is very annoying.- The movie that we watched last night was amazing.二、关系词的用法除了关系词的选择,它们在从句中的用法也需要注意。
定语从句关系词的选择
四.关系词的选择1.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作主语,只能用who 指人,which指物;关系代词做宾语,常用whom(口语中有时用who)指人,which指物,它们都不能用that代替。
2.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。
如:Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.3.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用which或that,二者常可以互换;但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。
如:All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。
如:We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如:The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时,如:Is that the best that you can do?That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5) 当先行词被the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。
语法要点定语从句中的关系代词选择方法
语法要点定语从句中的关系代词选择方法定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的句子结构,用来修饰名词或代词。
在定语从句中,需要选择适当的关系代词,以确保句子结构正确且意思明确。
在本文中,将介绍定语从句中关系代词的选择方法。
一、关系代词的种类在定语从句中,常用的关系代词有:that、which、who、whom、whose以及as。
1. that关系代词that用于限定先行词是指物的情况。
它既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
在限定性定语从句中,that通常用来引导先行词是物的从句。
例句:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.2. which关系代词which也用来修饰先行词是指物的情况。
它只能用于非限定性定语从句中,不能用于限定性定语从句中。
例句:He has a new car, which is very expensive.3. who/whom关系代词who用于修饰先行词是指人的情况。
在定语从句中作主语时使用who,作宾语时使用whom。
但在口语及日常写作中,一般都使用who作为宾语。
例句:The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.The woman whom I met yesterday is a doctor.4. whose关系代词whose用于表示所属关系,相当于“...的”。
它可以修饰先行词是指物的情况,也可以修饰先行词是指人的情况。
例句:The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired.The man whose son is a student is a famous actor.5. as关系代词as用于修饰先行词是指类别或身份的情况。
它在定语从句中用于修饰先行词作介词的宾语。
定语从句中关系词的选择和使用
定语从句中关系词的选择和使用定语从句是英语中常见的一种修饰结构,它通过关系代词或关系副词来引导,并用来修饰名词或代词。
在日常英语写作中,定语从句的正确使用和关系词的选择对于语句的准确表达至关重要。
本文将探讨定语从句中关系词的选择和使用技巧。
一、关系代词的选择关系代词在定语从句中起到连接主句和从句的作用,根据在从句中充当的成分不同,关系代词可以分为主语型和宾语型。
1. 主语型关系代词:在定语从句中充当主语。
常见的主语型关系代词有“that”,“who”和“which”。
例如:- I have a friend who/that likes to play basketball.(我有一个喜欢打篮球的朋友。
)2. 宾语型关系代词:在定语从句中充当宾语。
常见的宾语型关系代词有“whom”,“which”和“that”。
例如:- The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
)需要注意的是,在非限制性定语从句中,只能使用主语型关系代词(who, which),不能使用宾语型关系代词。
二、关系副词的选择关系副词在定语从句中引导从句,并充当从句的成分。
关系副词包括“when”(表示时间),“where”(表示地点),“why”(表示原因)。
例如:- I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
)三、关系词的使用技巧1. 对人使用关系代词“who”,对物使用关系代词“which”。
例如:- The woman who is standing over there is my mother.(那个站在那儿的女人是我妈妈。
)- The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
定语从句的关系代词选择
定语从句的关系代词选择定语从句是英语语法中常见的从句类型之一,用来修饰名词或代词,并进一步描述它们的特征、性质、状态等。
在定语从句中,选择适当的关系代词起着至关重要的作用。
本文将讨论定语从句中关系代词选择的准则和常见问题,并提供一些操作建议。
一、关系代词的选择准则1. 用作主语的关系代词:关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,需根据定语从句所修饰的先行词的单复数来选择。
当先行词是单数时,应使用“that”或“which”;当先行词是复数时,应使用“who”、“whom”或“that”。
例子:- The student who/that sits next to me is very smart.- The books that/which are on the shelf belong to me.2. 用作宾语的关系代词:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,需取决于先行词在定语从句中的作用。
a) 当先行词在定语从句中作动词的宾语时,需要使用“who”、“whom”或“that”。
其中,“that”在口语和非正式写作中常省略。
例子:- The girl who/whom/that I met yesterday is a doctor.b) 当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,需要使用“whom”或“that”。
也可以考虑将介词提前并使用关系代词“who”来避免“whom”的使用。
需要注意,当先行词是指物时,只能用“which”或“that”,不能用“who”或“whom”。
例子:- The novel about which/that I told you is very interesting.- The pen with which/that I wrote the letter is broken.3. 用作表语的关系代词:当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时,需根据先行词的性质进行选择。
a) 当先行词为人时,使用“who”或“that”。
