2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三unit4 单词导学案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars 单词学案1. astronomy [ə'strɒnəmɪ] 天文学astronomer [ə'strɒnəmə]n. 天文学家biology [baɪ'ɒlədʒɪ]生物学biologist [baɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] n. 生物学家geography [dʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]地理学geologist [dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] n. 地质学家，地质学者physics ['fɪzɪks] 物理physicist ['fɪzɪsɪst] 物理学家physical物理的,身体的science科学scientist科学家chemistry chemist2. atom ['ætəm] cn. 原子carbon['kɑːb(ə)n]n. [化学] 碳nitrogen['naɪtrədʒ(ə)n]n. [化学] 氮vapor [veipə]水蒸气oxygen ['ɒksɪdʒ(ə)n] n 氧dioxide [daɪ'ɒksaɪd] n. 二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳low-carbon lifestyle低碳生活方3. solar ['səʊlə]adj.太阳的；日光的, 阳历的solar energy solar system solar year （lunar year）4.system ['sɪstəm]c n.系统,体系,制度systematic [sɪstə'mætɪk]adj.成系统的，成体系的a new education system transport system 运输系统a heating system 供热系统 a systematic way 一个成系统的方法5. religion [rɪ'lɪdʒ(ə)n] n. 宗教；宗教信仰adj 有宗教信仰的虔诚的6. .theory ['θɪərɪ]cn.学说，理论pl in theory 理论上，按理说That really sounds fine ______ ______, but do you think it is good in practice?7.billion ['bɪljən] n. 十亿billionaire [bɪljə'neə] n. 亿万富翁billions of stars two billion starsmillion ['mɪljən] 百万billionaire 百万富翁millions of two million8. globe [gləʊb] n.球体，地球仪，地球(the globe) lamp globe 灯泡; 球灯罩global ['gləʊb(ə)l] adj.全球性的，全世界的worldwide adj\adv fight global warming9. violent ['vaɪəl(ə)nt]adj.猛烈的，激烈的，暴躁的n. violence adv. violently①violent crimes/movies a violent man. ②______ storm 暴风骤雨③She shook her head__________强烈地④There is too much_____________ on TV. ⑤ answer violence with violencepatient –patience different—difference important—importance dependent dependence intelligent intelligence10. atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə]大气层，气氛① Completely lost in the exciting________of football match, he didn't feel his pocket picked.②I like the atmosphere we can express ourselves freely.11. .unlike prep.不同,不像;---反义词like prep 像look like be likeMusic is quite unlike any other art form. It’s very unlike him to be so late.like v.喜欢She is like /resembles her mother She likes swimming.dislike v.不喜欢She dislikes swimming. Likes and dislikes12. fundamental [fʌndə'ment(ə)l] adj. 基本的，基础的Hard work is to success.the fundamental rules of mathematics13.presence ['prez(ə)ns]. 存在；出席；参加in sb’s presence in the presence of sb 当着sb的面present [prɪˈzent ] vt.赠送,颁发,呈现～sb. with sth./ ～sth. to sb.①They present precious gifts to the boy. ②The ships in the bay present a beautiful sight.['preznt] adj.①现在的,当前的;the present situation②在场的,出席的(后置定语)All the people present voted for him.★be present at ★be absent from['preznt] n. ①礼物=gift; ②现在，目前★at present/at the present timeAt present, we will present a present to our friend14 . harmful adj 有害的n vt adj.无害的________★do harm to sb/do sb harm=harm sb 对sb有害★be harmful/harmless to 对…有害(无害)Smoking _____ _________ ____/______ _______ _____ your health.扩展：▲do / cause damage to … e.g. The heavy rain didn’t do much damage to the crops.能力提升：The damage the earthquake _________ the village is great.15 chain [tʃeɪn] 链子，连锁，锁链 a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain a chain of eventsThe prisoners were kept in chains.囚犯戴着镣铐16.reaction [rɪ'ækʃ(ə)n] n.反应，回应v. react to对…做出反应They angrily to the news. respond [rɪ'spɒnd] vi. 回答；作出反应respond to sth response [rɪ'spɒns]in response to17. multiply ['mʌltɪplaɪ](v)乘，增加★multiply A and B /multiply A by B①Two_________by four is/makes/equals eight. (multiplied)② Our problems have since last year.multi-purpose tools 多用途工具multicultural adj.多元文化的multi-media多媒体multiple ['mʌltɪpl]Choice 多选题multitask [mʌltɪ'tɑːsk] 多重任务18. exist [ɪɡ'zɪst]vi.存在，生存existence [ɪɡ'zɪstəns]n. 存在，生存existing adj.现存的，现行的existing laws①Does life______ on other planets? ②There life on the moon. ③come into existence/being存在，产生19.thus [ðʌs]adv.因此,于是(therefore) The storm came, thus killing many people.结果状语20.puzzle ['pʌz(ə)l]n.谜，难题crossword puzzles 纵横字谜find the answer to a puzzlevt.&vi (使)迷惑，(使)为难—npuzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.感到迷惑的=confusedbe puzzled at/by对……感到迷惑 a ook\expression\voice21.gentle ['dʒentl] adj 温和的文雅的in a voice be gentle with animalsgentleman n. 绅士adv. He treats everyone___________. (gently)22.extinct [ɪk'stɪŋkt] adj. 灭绝的绝种的extinction [ɪk'stɪŋkʃən]n.灭绝die out (物种,家族) 灭绝; 风俗习惯过时① If we continue to destroy nature, many more animals will become __________.②The custom is ________ ___. ③Many species of animals are in danger of dying out.23.climate ['klaimit] n.①气候（地区的长期的气候状况）②一般(社会)风气weather: n. 天气（短期内的天气状况）①Britain has a temperate __________.英国气候温和. ②the present political _________ .(climate)③The __________ is changeable. 天气变化无常。
2019-2020学年度人教版高中英语必修3、4Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars拔高训练五十四
2019-2020学年度人教版高中英语必修3、4Unit 4 Astronomy the science of thestars拔高训练五十四第1题【阅读理解】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A migraine(偏头痛)can cause disabling pain. People may not feel back to normal for hours or even days. Migraines are most common among young adults and middle-aged people. In the United States, about eighteen percent of women and six percent of men report having migraines.People who suffer from migraines can find that different “triggers”(诱因)in different people may get a headache started. Stress can act as a trigger. So can chocolate in some people. Many migraine sufferers say hot weather and low barometric pressure(大气压)can act as tr iggers. But researchers say they haven’t got much scientific evidence of that until now.In a new study, a team examined the medical records of seven thousand hospital patients. The patients had visited the emergency room at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, because of a headache. More than two thousand of them had been found to have a migraine.The team then compared those records to weather conditions in the twenty-four hours before the hospital visits. For every increase of five degrees centigrade in air temperature, the patients had a seven and one-half percent higher risk of migraines. Decreases in barometric pressure two to three days before the visit also appeared to trigger headaches.The researchers found no evidence that air pollution influenced headaches. But they could not rule out the possibility of a smaller effect.A separate study has found that age, gender, and where a person has extra body fat may affect the risk of migraines. It found that overweight people between the ages of twenty and fifty-five may have a higher risk. On average, those who were larger around the middle were more likely to have migraines than those of the same age with smaller waistlines.The study involved twenty-two thousand people. It was led by Lee Peterlin. She says early results suggest that losing weight in the stomach area may help younger people who experience migraines, especially women.From the first paragraph, we can infer that a migraine can.A、make people unable to walkB、prevent people acting normallyC、cause people to leave home for daysD、get people to suffer from mental disorderThe underlined word “that― in Paragraph 2 refers to.A、chocolate acting as a triggerB、stress acting as a triggerC、hot weather and low barometric pressure acting as triggersD、high air pressure acting as a triggerAccording to the passage, headaches are influenced least by.A、body weightB、barometric pressureC、air temperatureD、air pollutionIn the opinion of Lee Peterlin, a person who has a migraine should.A、avoid gathering fat in the stomach areaB、eat more sweet food every dayC、stay warm in good weatherD、keep away from noisy places【答案】：【解析】：第2题【翻译】A conflict ______between the two countries(break)两国之间发生了冲突。
Unit+4+Space+Exploration+单词详解讲义 高中英语人教版(2019)必修第三册
必修三Unit4单词详解1.astronaut [ˈæstrənɔːt] n.宇航员；太空人astronomer n.天文学家2.procedure [prəˈsiːʤə] n.程序；步骤；手续process n. 过程；v.处理3.mental [ˈmɛntl] adj.精神的，思想的mentally adv. 精神地；思想地physical adj.物理的；身体的mental and physical health 身心健康4.centimeter(-tre）[ˈsentɪmiːtər] ））millimeter 毫米decimeter 分米kilometer 千米5.intelligent [ɪnˈtelɪʤənt] adj.有智慧的，聪明的，有智力的= wise →intelligence n. 智力；智慧= wisdom →intelligently adv. 有智慧地；聪明地；有智力地6.rocket [ˈrɒkɪt] n.火箭；火箭弹7.gravity [ˈgrævɪti] n.重力；引力→grave adj. 重大的；严重的n.坟墓8.frontier [ˈfrʌntɪə] n.边境；国界；边远地区；（尤指知识的）前沿；新领域9.vehicle [ˈviːɪkl] n.交通工具；车辆10.determined [dɪˈtɜːmɪnd] adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→determine vt.查明;确定;决定→determination n. 决定；决心；果断be determined to do=make up one’s mind to do=make a decision to do 决定做某事11.satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt] n.人造卫星；卫星unch [lɔːnʧ] n.&vt. 发射；发起；上市launch a satellite13.orbit [ˈɔːbɪt] n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的) 轨道；势力范围；vi.&vt.环绕……运行14.giant [ˈʤaɪənt] adj.巨大的；伟大的；n.巨人；巨兽；伟人15.leap [liːp] n.跳跃；剧增；剧变；vi.&vt.跳过；跃过(leap-leapt-leapt/ leap-leaped-leaped)a great/giant leap 巨大的飞跃16.mankind [mænˈkaɪnd] n.人类17.agency [ˈeɪʤənsi] n.专门机构；服务机构；代理处→agent n.代理人；经纪人travel agent18.transmit [trænzˈmɪt] vi. &vt.传输；发送→transmission n. 传输；发送19.data [ˈdeɪtə] n.[pl.] 资料；数据database n.数据库20.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上board n.木板v.上船；登机21.spacecraft [ˈspeɪskrɑːft] n.航天器；字宙飞船spacewalk [ˈspeɪswɔːk] n.太空行走22.disappointed [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd] adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint v. 使失望；使沮丧→disappointing adj. 令人失望的；令人沮丧的→disappointment n. 失望；沮丧23.desire [dɪˈzaɪə] n.渴望;欲望；vt.渴望;期望→desirable adj. 可取的;值得拥有的desire for= long for 渴望desire to do sth= long to do sth 渴望做某事24.universe [ˈjuːnɪvɜːs] n.宇宙;天地万物→universal adj. 普遍的;全体的;全世界的25.carry on 继续做，坚持干carry out 实施carry through 度过难关26.27.independently [ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli] adv.独立地；自立地→independent adj.独立的；自立的→independence n. 独立；自立→depend vi. 依赖；依靠28.jade [ʤeɪd] n.玉；翡翠；玉器29.dock[dɑːk] v.（两架航天器）对接；进港n.码头；船坞dock with 与...对接30.module/ ˈmɒdʒuːl / n.舱；组件；模块31.signal [ˈsɪgnl] vi. &vt.标志着；标明；发信号；n.信号；标志→sign n.迹象；符号；记号32.in the hope of doing... 抱着……的希望hopeful hopeless33.so as to (do sth) 为了；以便=in order to do sth34.recycle [ˌriːˈsaɪkl] vt.回收利用；再利用reuse v. 再次利用；重复使用35.muscle [ˈmʌsl] n.肌肉；实力；影响力political/financial muscle 政治/金融影响力ck [læk] n.缺乏；短缺= shortage；vt.没有；缺乏→lacking adj. 匮乏的；缺乏的“缺乏；缺少...”（vt.）lack sth. lack confidence/determination（n.）lack of sth. a lack of food/money/experience（adj.）be lacking in sth. She is lacking in courage.37.float [fləʊt] vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮；vt.使浮动；使漂流floating adj.流动的；浮动的38.otherwise [ˈʌðəwaɪz] adv.否则；要不然39.beyond [bɪˈjɒnd] prep.在更远处；超出beyond doubt/question 毫无疑问beyond words无法用言语表达beyond belief 难以置信beyond recognition认不出beyond expectation 超出预期beyond control无法控制40.solar [ˈsəʊlə] adj.太阳的；太阳能的→solar system [ˈsəʊlə ˈsɪstɪm] 太阳系；类太阳系41.current [ˈkʌrənt] adj.当前的；现在的=present；n.水流；电流；思潮→currently adv.目前；当前currency n.货币；通货42.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白figure n.人物；身材；数字work out 算出；解决；锻炼set out 出发；动身make out理解；弄清give out 分发break out （战争；灾难；疾病）爆发43.sufficient [səˈfɪʃənt] adj.足够的；充足的= enough →insufficient adj. 不足的44.soap [səʊp] n.肥皂45.towel [ˈtaʊəl] n.毛巾；抹布46.microwave [ˈmaɪkrəweɪv] n. (also microwave oven) 微波炉47.tissue [ˈtɪʃuː] n.纸巾；(人、动值物细胞的)组织48.facility [fəˈsɪlɪti] n.设施；设备equipment n.设备；装备（不可数）49.keen [kiːn] adj.热衷的；渴望的be keen on 热衷于；喜爱50.globe [ˈgləʊb] n.地球；世界；地球仪→global adj. 全球的；全世界的51.argue [ˈɑːgjuː] vt. &vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n.争论；争吵；论点argue with sb about/over sth. 与某人争论某事beyond argument 无可争议52.fatal [ˈfeɪtl] adj.致命的= deadly；灾难性的→fate n. 命运53.shallow [ˈʃæləʊ] adj.肤浅的= superficial；浅的（opp）deep54.result in 导致；造成= lead to= bring about= contribute to= give rise toas a result 结果(是)55.pattern [ˈpætən] n.模式；模范；图案56.analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. (pl. Analyses [əˈnæləsiːz] )分析;分析结果→analyze(se) vt. 分析57.high-end [haɪ-ɛnd] 高端的-talents/market/brand/technology (opp) low-end低端的58.monitor [ˈmɒnɪtə] n.监视器；监测仪；班长vt.监视；监测；监控59.regularly [ˈrɛgjʊləli] adv.经常；定期地= on a regular basis→regular [ˈrɛgjʊlə] adj.定期的；经常的；正常的60.foam [fəʊm] n.泡沫橡胶；泡沫61.pillow [ˈpɪləʊ] n.枕头62.smartphone [ˈsmɑːtfəʊn] n.智能手机63.resource [rɪˈsɔːs] n.资源；财力；物力natural resources自然资源source n.来源；出处64.limited [ˈlɪmɪtɪd] adj.有限的→limit n. 限度；限制；vt. 限制；限定→limitless adj. 无限的unlimited adj.任意多的；无限制的limitation n.限制You are allowed unlimited access to the reading room.你可以无限制使用阅读室。
新人教高中英语选择性必修三Unit4AdversityCourage-UsingLanguage教案
2019新人教高中英语选择性必修三Unit4 Adversity and Courage--Using Language公开课教案Using Language 1 --Learn how to handle challenges Teaching aims:1.Enable students to make predictions based on given pictures.2.Guide students to get the main idea and key details of the material.3.Help students to identify the cause and effect in the passage.4.Express your own ideas on the given topic about the selection of rescue team members.Teaching key points:1.Help students to grasp the details of the passage.2.Help students to learn and use the expressions in the listening text to select qualified sailors.Teaching difficult points:1.Enable students to listen to the details accurately by identifying the cause and effect.2.Lead students to express their own opinions about how to choose qualified rescue team members.Teaching procedures:Step Ⅰ Lead-inActivity Shackleton and a team tried to sail to another island to find help.Look at the picture below and discuss the challenges you think they faced.Design:T:Dear class,what can you see in the picture?When and Where do you think the smaller picture was taken?Do you think it was easy for Shackleton’s rescue team to get to South Georgia Island by this boat?What difficulties or challenges do you think they have to face?Ss:The bigger picture shows a landscape of mountains covered with ice,maybe in Antarctic.The smaller one is about rowing a small boat by six people...T:Well,it’s easy to think they would meet dozens of difficulties..Suggested answers:The bigger picture shows a landscape of mountains covered with ice,maybe in Antarctic.The smaller one is about rowing a small boat by six people,maybe they are Shackleton’s rescue team.`I think it’s very difficult for Shackleton’s rescue team to get to another island,because they might face many challenges.First of all,it was very cold and there was snow and ice everywhere.The area is also very mountainous,so they had to climb with their essentials.It could also be hard to know where they were going as the place is very large and all looks the same.One top of the physical challenges,they might have great mental challenges facing those conditions and not knowing what to expect and whether they would succeed.StepⅠ While-listeningActivity 1Listening for setting and key information1.Who’s talking?What’s his speciality?2.What’s the speaker talking about?Suggested answers:1.One of the team members is talking.He is a navigator and he has been working on ships for his whole life.2.He is talking about the journey of Shackleton’s looking for help.Activity 2Listening for the main ideaListen to one of the team members talk about the rescue plan and their plete the summary.The team consisted of members.They sailed on rough seas for days before they landed on the side of South Georgia ter they climbed over the mountains and the whaling ter,Shackleton arranged for a rescue boat to return to Island.Luckily,everyone was .Suggested answers:The team consisted of six members.They sailed on rough seas for days before they landed on the wrong side of South Georgia ter they climbed over themountains and arrived at the whaling ter,Shackleton arranged for a rescue boat to return to Elephant Island.Luckily,everyone was alive.Activity 3Listening for detailsListen again and answer the questions.1.Why was it necessary for Shackleton to travel to South Georgia Island?2.Why was it important to include a navigator in the team?3.Why did Shackleton choose the most difficult and unfriendly man to join in the rescue mission?4.Why did Shackleton look extremely old?Suggested answers:1.Shackleton had to travel to South Georgia Island to get help to rescue the rest of his crew.2.It was important to include a navigator so they would know where they were going and not got lost.3.Shackleton chose him because he wanted the crew left behind to remain cheerful and positive and the man would had a negative influence on the crew.4.Shackleton looked extremely old not only because of the conditions but also because he was very worried about the fate of his crew left behind.Step Ⅰ TalkingActivity 1Suppose you are Shackleton and you are going to choose two sailors to join the rescue team.Look at the list below and discuss in groups of four who would be your first choiceWho should join the rescue team?Name Skills Qualities1 Frank Wildgood leaderexperienced in exploringthe Antarcticloyal,kind,andcalm2 Frank Worsley excellent navigatorexperienced sailorodd behaviour at times,butliked by crew3 Tom Creansecond officerexperienced in living in theAntarcticstrong,energetic,and brave4 Hubert Hudson navigatorbest at catching penguinsfriendly and lively5 Thomas Orde-Lees efficient store keepermotor expertexcellent skierselfish,lazy,and bad-temperedThe expressions in the box below may help you with your discussionExample:A:We have to decide on which two sailors Shackleton chose for his rescue team.Let’s look at Frank Wild.B:He is a good leader and is experienced in exploring the Antarctic.So,I think he’s suitable to join the rescue team.C:Hmm,I think we should move on to the next sailor.According to Perce’s diary entries,Frank Wild was left with the other crew members on Elephant Island.A:I agree.Let’s move on to the next candidate.What do you think about Frank Worsley?B:Well,he is ...Activity 2Present selections of the previous activity to the classSuggested answer:My group chooses Frank Worsley and Tom Crean as the two members for the rescue team.Frank Worsley is an excellent navigator,so he could use his skills to guide them across the dangerous sea.Tom Crean is strong,energetic,and brave,so he would be very useful on the dangerous mission.Activity 3Role-playWork in groups of four to present your interviews:one acts as Shackleton,the other students act as sailors of candidates.StepⅠHomeworkDescribe a challenge or a difficulty that you have encountered,and tell us what qualities and skills have helped you overcome the challenge or difficulty.Using Language 2--Learn about optimism and perseverance Teaching aims:1.Enable students to learn about optimism and perseverance.2.Guide students to explore the spirit of adventure.3.Help students to write an essay about Shackleton and his men on the ship Endurance.Teaching key points:1.Analyse the reasons why the crew can be rescued and grasp the structure, theme and language features of it.2.Lead students to write down the framework and write an article about Shackleton and Endurance.Teaching difficult points:1.Enable students to recognize and use the linking words.2.Enable students to write an article about Shackleton and Endurance.Teaching procedures:StepⅠPre-readingLead-inT:We have learnt that Shackleton and his team tried to sail to another island to find help.Look at the picture and discuss the challenges you think they faced.Suggested answer:Looking at the landscape in the picture,I think Shackleton and his team might face many challenges.First of all,it was very cold and there was snow and ice everywhere.The area is also very mountainous,so they had to climb with their essentials.It could also be hard to know where they were going as the place is very large and all looks the same.One top of the physical challenges,they might have great mental challenges facing those conditions and not knowing what to expect and whether they would succeed.StepⅠWhile-readingActivity 1Reading for predictionLook at the title and picture and predict:1.What do you think was the biggest challenge for them?2.Were they finally rescued?Why?Suggested answers:1.The answers vary.2.Yes,they were finally rescued.Because the title of the text is“THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE”,maybe that they were rescued is their reward.Activity 2Reading for detailed informationRead the text quickly and answer the questions.1.What did the men eat and drink on the island?2.What were the dangers of living on the island?3.How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued?4.What do you think were the key reasons for their survival?Suggested answers:1.Their only food was the meat of the sea creatures and they drank the watermelt from ice.2.They might die of thirst or starvation.The smoke from the burning fat could damage their eyes and burn their lungs.Besides,the changing temperatures might make them ill.They might lose hope of life.3.Their discipline and team spirit kept them in good spirits.Besides,they also celebrated their birthdays,festivals,and even the times when they caught a sea animal.4.The key reasons for their survival were their discipline and positive mental attitude,as well as the reliability of Shackleton.Activity 3Reading for the organization and language featuresRead the text again and study the organization and language features.1.What’s the type of the passage?2.What’s the structure of the passage?Draw a mind map of the whole story.3.Try to find the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1:________________________________________________Para.2:________________________________________________Para.3:________________________________________________Para.4:________________________________________________Para.5:________________________________________________Para.6:________________________________________________Suggested answers:1.Diary2.Answers are various.3.Para.1:Shackleton sailed away from Elephant Island.Para.2:Problem of making fire.Para.3:Problem of lacking food.Para.4:Problem of changing temperatures.Para.5:Their discipline and team spirit kept them optimistic.Para.6:They were finally rescued.StepⅠPost-readingRead the text again and discuss the questions with your partners.1.What do you think were the key reasons for their survival?2.If you were one of the men on Elephant Island,would you have trusted Shackleton?Why or why not?Suggested answers:1.Their discipline and team spirit kept them optimistic and helped them deal with their fears.2.I would have trusted Shackleton if I were one of the men.Shackleton was a famous captain, whose charm of personality, such as determination, commitment,courage and wisdom,deeply influenced people and people all had belief in him.So did I.StepⅠ Write an essay about Shackleton and Endurance.Activity1 Combining all the information from the text,discuss with your partner and write down the structure of the story.Suggested answers:paragraph 1:Summary of the whole story(who,what,when,where,why,how).paragraph 2:What I think about the characters in the story(struggles they faced,their actions and motives,my comments).paragraph 3:How the story made me feel and my overall impressions of theexpedition.Activity 2 Write the essay independentlyOne possible version:This story is about the 1914-1916 expedition by Ernest Shackleton to make the first land crossing of Antarctica.For this task he used the ship Endurance with a 28-man crew,including one stowaway.Shackleton is described as calm and brave and takes his crew’s safety very seriously.The rest of the crew are also brave,though a few are not very positive,and all were at times understandably worried and desperate about their situation.Overall though,they remained positive.This was helped by the good relationship Shackleton had with his crew who trusted him and knew he would do his best to save them.The crew faced great troubles once Endurance got stuck in the ice.Soon they had to abandon the ship and camp on the ice.They had to face the extreme weather and cold as well as the dangerous environment and all with limited supplies.All of this added to the mental challenge,so they had to maintain a positive state of mind.Shackleton’s motive was always to make sure his crew survived,and theirs was to last until he had found help.What I like most about this story is that although their expedition failed in achieving its goal,it was not the disaster it could have been.This was due to Shackleton’s perseverance in getting help and the crew’s bravery in surviving for so long.My impression of them is very positive as they must have struggled greatly in such a position of adversity.I felt very happy when I learnt that the whole crew survived.Activity3 Exchange the draft with a partner,evaluate and polish the draft according to the checklist.Activity4 Present and ShareAsk some students to present their works in front of the class and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages.StepⅠ Homework请同学们写出心目中一位大家较为熟悉的、克服困难后成功的名人,描述他/她遇到什么困难,是如何以乐观坚毅的态度应对人生的逆境和挫折的,对你的学习和生活有什么启发。
2019版新人教版高中英语必修三单词知识点讲解unit4 Space Explorstion
人教版高中英语新教材词汇表必修三Unit 4 Space Exploration1.astronaut n.宇航员;太空人2.procedure n.程序;步骤;手续legal procedure 司法程序break the normal procedure 打破常规3.m ental adj精神的;思想的go mental 非常生气；发疯mental processes 思维过程mental test 智力测试4.cm abbr (centimetre/ senti: (r)or centimeter)厘米5.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的intelligence n. 智慧；理解力a person of high/average/low intelligence 智力高/一般/低的人6.rocket n.火箭;火箭弹launch a rocket 发射火箭rocketing prices飞涨的价格7.gravity n.重力;引力the center of gravity 重心the pull of gravity重力的吸引Newton’s law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律熟词生义：严重性；严肃the gravity of the situation 形势的严重性8.frontier n.边境;国界;边远地区at the frontier 在边境9.vehicle n.交通工具;车辆a vehicle for ……的手段10.universe n.宇宙;天地万物11.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的a determined look 坚定的神情be determined to do sth 决心做某事（表状态）be determined that 决心……12.determine vt.查明;确定;决定determine to do sth 决心做某事（表动作）determine on/upon (doing) sth 决心（做）某事determination n. 决心13.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星unch n.发射;发起;上市launch a new product 推出新产品launch (oneself) into 开始做；投入launch a project 发起一个项目15.orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围vt.＆vi.沿轨道运行;环绕…运行within/outside the orbit of … 在……势力范围之内/外16.giant adj.巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人17.leap n.跳跃;剧增;剧变(leapt, leapt /lept/or leaped, leaped)vt.＆vi.跳过;跃过look before you leap 三思而后行18.mankind n.人类19.agency n.(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处20.transmit vt.＆vi.传输;发送21.data n.[pl.]资料;数据data analysis 数据分析personal data 个人资料a data bank数据库22.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望be disappointed that… 对……感到失望/沮丧be disappointed to do sth 因做某事而失望be disappointed to see/hear/find 看到/听到/发现……感到失望disappoint vt. 使失望disappointing adj. 令人失望的disappointment n. 失望; 令人失望的人或物to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是……23.desire n.渴望;欲望have a strong desire to do sth 迫切想要做某事have a strong desire for sth 急于想得到某物meet/satisfy one’s desire 满足某人的愿望have no desire to do sth=lose a desire for sth 不想做某事a desire for… 对……的渴望do sth at one’s desire 应某人的要求做某事vt.渴望;期望desire to do sth 渴望做某事desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事desire that…(should) do sth 渴望……（应该）做某事24.carry on (doing)sth=carry on with sth 继续做，坚持干carry out 实施、执行carry off 成功地完成；赢得；获得carry through 实现；完成；帮助……渡过难关25.ongoing adj.持续存在的;仍在进行的;不新发展的26.on board在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上27.independently adv.独立地;自立地28.independent adj.独立的;自立的be independent of 脱离；不依赖independent school 私立学校economically independent 经济独立independence n. 独立29.spacecraft n.航天器;宇宙飞船30.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间31.jade n.玉;翠;玉器32.dock vi.＆vt.(两架航天器)对接;(使)……进港.码n头;船坞33.signal vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号signal（sb）that 示意（某人）……signal（sb）to do sth 示意某人做某事signal sth to sb 向某人示意某物n.信号;标志a signal for sb to do sth 某人做某事的信号a signal for… ……的动机/开端give/send a signal 发出信号receive/pick up a signal 接收信号a signal failure 信号灯故障traffic signal交通信号灯34.in the hope of doing sth抱着……的希望35.so as to (do sth)为了;以便(不放句首)=in order to do36.recycle vt.回收利用;再利用recycling system 回收系统37.muscle n.肌肉;实力;影响力ck n.缺乏;短缺.没有;缺乏a lack of … 缺乏 a lack of money a lack of exercisefor（a）lack of …因为缺乏…v.缺乏;短缺lack (for) sth lack courage/moneybe lacking in 缺乏…39.float vi.浮动;源流;源浮；vt使浮动;使漂流40.otherwise adv.否则;要不然41.beyond prep.在更远处;超出beyond doubt 毫无疑问beyond one’s abilities 超出某人的能力beyond compare 无与伦比beyond the limit 超出限度beyond belief 难以置信；不可信beyond/ out of control 无法控制beyond one’s reach=beyond the reach of sb 某人够不到beyond expression/description/words 无法形容；难以言喻beyond one’s imagination/description 难以想象/描述beyond one’s power/control 超出能力范围;某人力所不能及beyond my wildest dreams 做梦也没想到42.solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的43.solar system太阳系;类太阳系44.current adj.当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮an electrical current 一股电流ocean current 洋流45.figure out弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白46.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的be sufficient for/to do… 足够（做）…47.soap n.肥皂48.towel n.毛巾;抹布49.microwave n( also microwave oven)微波炉50.tissue n.纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的组织)51.facility n.设施;设备leisure facility 休闲设施52.keen adj.热衷的;渴望的be keen to do sth53.globe n.地球;世界;地球仪all over the globe 全世界circle the globe 绕地球一圈global adj. 全球的；全世界的global warming 全球变暖globalize v. 使全球化54.argue vt.＆vi.论证;争辩;争论argue for /against 赞成/反对argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事55.argument n.争论;争吵;论点arguments against sth 反对某事的理由56.fatal adj.致命的;灾难性的57.shallow adj.肤浅的;浅的a shallow view 肤浅之见a shallow mind 头脑简单58.result in导致;造成——后接结果result from“由……引起”——后接原因59.pattern n.模式;图案;模范60.analysis n (pl analyses)(对事物的)分析;分析结果61.as a result所以;结果(是) 副词短语后跟句子as a result of “由于……的原因”介词短语，后接宾语62.high- end adj.高端的63.monitor n.监视器;监测仪vt.监视;监测;监控a computer monitor 电脑显示器64.regularly adv.经常;定期地65.regular adj.定期的;经常的;正常的regular income 固定收入regular customers 常客take regular exercise 经常锻炼a regular meeting 定期的会议regularly adv. 经常地；定期地；有规律地；irregular adj. 无规律的66.foam n.泡沫橡胶;泡沫67.pillow n.枕头68.smartphone n.智能手机69.resource n.资源;财力;物力70.limited adj.有限的to the limit 到达极限beyond/above/over the limit 超过限度；限度之外within/without limits 在限度内/外set a limit to/on 对……设定限度limit…to… 把……限定于……范围内limit oneself to (ding) sth 只允许自己做某事71.provide for sb提供生活所需72.closing adj.结尾的;结東的n.停业;关闭;倒闭73.in closing最后= at last=in the end74.mystery n.神秘事物;迷75.run out用完;耗尽(不及物，主语一般是时间，金钱，食物等)run out of sth 主语通常是人run v（ran-run-running）跑；创办；管理；运转，操作；流动；掉色；变成run across sb/sth 偶遇run after/for 追捕；追求come running跑过来run away 逃走run into sb / sth 碰到,撞上；流入run out of sth用完，耗尽run over 压过去run off 快速写出run along 走开76.attach vt.系;绑;贴attach …to 把……附着在……上面attach to sb 与某人相关；归于某人attach oneself to 依附；依恋；参加；属于be attached to 爱慕；喜欢；附属于attach great importance/value/significance to 重视attachment n. 附件77.oxygen n.氧;氧气78.Sputnik 1“旅伴一号”(苏联发射的人类第一颗人造卫星)79.the USSR abbr. the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联80.Yuri Gagarin尤里・加加林(苏联宇航员)81.Neil Armstrong/'niol ' a: strop/尼尔・阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员)82.NASA abbr. National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (美国)国家航空与航天局83.V oyager1 “旅行者一号”84.Soyuz 11“联盟11号85.Challenger“挑战者”号航天飞机86.the International Space Station国际空间站87.Jade Rabbit“玉兔”月球车88.Mars n.火星89.Jupiter n.木星90.Typhoon Goni合风天鹅91.GPS abbr.global positioning system全球(卫星)定位系统92. the+序数词+名词+动词不定式意为：“第几个做某事的人或物”一些名词，如：time; way; reason; chance; right; courage 后常用不定式作定语。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三 Unit4单元知识点讲解
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars●重点单词1．__________ n．天文学→_____________ n．天文学家2．_____________ n．系统；体系；制度3．______________n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的4．___________ n．球体；地球仪；地球→___________ adj.全球性的；全世界的5．__________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→___________ n．暴力6．_____________ n．大气层；气氛7．__________ prep.不同；不像→____________ vt.不喜欢8．____________ n．出席；到场；存在→___________ adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．__________adj.有害的；伤害的→____________n．危害，害处→____________adj.无害的10．____________vi.存在，生存→___________ n．存在，生存11．__________ n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→___________ adj.迷惑的→____________adj.令人迷惑的12．________ n．万有引力；重力13．___________ n．卫星；人造卫星14．___________ n．气候15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船16．__________ n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．_________vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物18．___________ n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众●重点短语1．in time及时；终于2．lay eggs 下蛋3．give birth to 产生；分娩4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block out 挡住(光线)7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋8．now that 既然9．break out 突发；爆发10．watch out 密切注视；当心；提防11．cool down 冷却12．as well as 也；还有……13．depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于14．get close to 靠近●重点句型1. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
2019-2020年高中英语人教版必修三unit4单元知识点总结
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1. system n1 [C] 系统; 组合装置the nervous system 神经系统the digestive system 消化系统a railway system 铁路系统 a stereo system 立体声音响设备2 [C]（思想、理论、原则等的）体系, 体制, 方法, 方式a system of philosophy 哲学体系the democratic system of government 民主政体a good system of teaching languages 教授语言的良好方法3 [U] 制度; 步骤; 条理You'll find little system in his method of work. 他的工作方法无甚条理.We must introduce some system into our office routine. 我们须在我们日常公务中建立一些制度.4 the system [sing]（某社会、机构、企业等中）沿袭已久的方法、做法和规则You can't beat the system 老规矩触动不得（必须照办）.5 (idm 习语) get sth out of one's `system (infml 口) 宣泄强烈的感情或满足强烈的愿望He desperately wants to be an actor, so you'll have to give him time to get it out of his system.他渴望当演员, 你就得容他时间让他施展自己的抱负.2.the∙ory1.[C, U] 學說；論；說：According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.根據相對論，光比什麼都傳播得快。
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit4 Reading学案及答案
2019-2020学年高中英语人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars—Reading学案主编：审核：编号：3401班级：______ 姓名：________ 使用日期：_________【学习目标】：1. To learn some useful words and expressions in the text.2. To learn the development of life.3. To improve some reading skills, and learn the organization of the text.4. Train Ss’ interests in science and stimulate their love for astronomy.【教学重点】：1. Get the Ss to know the development of life.2. To improve the student s’ reading ability.【Teaching procedures】课前预习【Pre-Class】：Vocabulary learning. 【Write and Read】I.单词检测1．__________ n．天文学2．__________ n．系统；体系；制度3．__________ n．宗教；宗教信仰__________ adj.宗教的；信仰宗教的4．__________ n．学说；理论5．__________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的__________ n．暴力6．__________ n．大气层；气氛7．__________ prep.与……不同；不像8．__________ adj.基本的；基础的9．__________ adj.有害的__________ n. &vt.伤害；损害10．__________ n．链子；连锁；锁链11．__________ vi.&vt.乘；增加12．__________ vi.生存；存在__________ n．存在13．__________ adv.因此；于是14．__________ n．迷；难题；vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难II. 重点短语1．____________依靠；依赖；取决于2．___________ 及时；终于3．____________ 各种各样的4．_____________ 下蛋5. ________________ 产生；分娩6．_____________ 轮到某人7．________________ 阻止；制止【课堂探究】Step1 lead in-warming up1. In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. What are they?(Note：According to the present day scientific study, there are only eight planets, with the Pluto excluded.) Keys: The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.2. Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know?Step2 Pre-reading1.The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about the scientific theory on the earth?2. Read the title and predict what the reading will be about, then check if you are right.Step3 Reading ComprehendingI. Skimming-Skim the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.Para. 1 _____ A．The formation(形成) of the earth.Para. 2 _____ B．The importance of water for life.Para. 3 ______ C．A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para. 4 ______ D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5 _______ E．The development of plants and animals on the earth.Ⅱ. True(T) or False(F)．1．It was not until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago that people knew what the earth was to become. ( ) 2．Water began to appear on the surface of the earth before gases were produced. ( )3．The global warming will have a great effect on human beings. ( )Ⅲ. Choose the best answer according to the text.1．What began to appear on the earth's surface when it cooled down?A．Water. B．Gases. C．Acids.2．From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is ________.A．confident B．sad C．concerned3．What does the word “they” in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and. . .” refer to?A．Planets. B．Fire and rock. C．Gases.4．Which is the right order of the development of life?A．Small clever animals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→small clever animals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→small c lever animals.5．Why were mammals different from other life forms?A．Because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.B．Because they produced young generally by laying eggs.C．Because they were able to live on land as well as in the water.IV. Fill in the blanks according to the text.【课堂巩固练习】Fill in the blanks according to the reading passage.For several billion years after the “Big Bang” ，the earth was just 1._____ cloud of dust. Between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago，the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent and it exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 2. __________(produce) many things，which were to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on 3.______ surface. The continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve 4.__________ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction，which made 5._________ possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later，the first extremely small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 6. _________ oxygen. This encouraged the later 7.____________(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Finally，some small clever animals，now with hands and feet ，appeared and spread all over the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 8. _________ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 9. _______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10. ____ ( solve ).Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars—Reading学案参考答案Step1 Vocabulary learningⅠ. 单词检测1．astronomy n．天文学2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教的；信仰宗教的4．theory n．学说；理论5．violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n．暴力6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像8．fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的9．harmful adj. 有害的harm n. &vt. 伤害；损害10．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链11．multiply vi. &vt. 乘；增加12．exist vi. 生存；存在existence n．存在13．thus adv. 因此；于是14．puzzle n．迷；难题；vt. &vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难Ⅱ. 短语默写1．depend on依靠；依赖；取决于2．in time及时；终于3．all sorts of各种各样的4．lay eggs下蛋5．give birth to 产生；分娩6．in one's turn 轮到某人7．prevent. . . from 阻止；制止Step3 Reading ComprehendingⅠ. Match the main idea with each paragraph.Para. 1(C) A．The formation(形成) of the earth.Para. 2(A) B．The importance of water for life.Para. 3(B) C．A widely accepted theory about theformation of the universe.Para. 4(E) D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5(D) E．The development of plants and animals on the earth.Ⅱ. True(T) or False(F)．1．It was not until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago that people knew what the earth was to become. (T) 2．Water began to appear on the surface of the earth before gases were produced. (F)3．The global warming will have a great effect on human beings. (T)Ⅲ. Choose the best answer according to the text.1．What began to appear on the earth's surface when it cooled down?A．Water. B．Gases. C．Acids.答案 A2．From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is ________.A．confident B．sad C．concerned答案 C3．What does the word “they” in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and. . .” refer to?A．Planets. B．Fire and rock. C．Gases.答案 B4．Which is the right order of the development of life?A．Small clever animals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→small clever animals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→small clever animals.答案 C5．Why were mammals different from other life forms?A．Because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.B．Because they produced young generally by laying eggs.C．Because they were able to live on land as well as in the water.答案 AIV．Fill in the blanks according to the text.【课堂巩固练习】Fill in the blanks according to the reading passage.For several billion years after the “Big Bang” ，the earth was just 1._____ cloud of dust. Between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago，the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent and it exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 2. __________(produce) many things，which were to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooleddown，water began to appear on 3.______ surface. The continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve 4.__________ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction，which made 5._________ possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later，the first extremely small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 6._________ oxygen. This encouraged the later 7.____________(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Finally，some small clever animals，now with hands and feet ，appeared and spread all over the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 8. _________ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 9. _______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can10.____________( solve ).参考答案：1. a 2. to produce 3. its 4. harmful 5. it 6. with7. development 8. which 9. Whether 10. be solved。
2019新人教高中英语必修三Unit4 Space exploration词汇句型教案
2019新人教高中英语必修三Unit4 Space exploration词汇句型教案Teaching aims:1.Enable students to master the usage of such important words and expressions as determined,succeed,launch,disappointed,desire,carry on,signal,etc.;learn to express yourself by using them.2.Help students to learn the method of constructing knowledge trees through self-study & cooperative exploration.3.Guide students to enjoy the fun of expressing yourself using English and participate in class with passion.Teaching key and difficult points:1.Help students to learn the following: determined, succeed, launch, disappointed, desire, carry on, signal.2.Exercises are expected to assist students to express themselves freely in English.3.How to use the words and phrases in real situations.StepⅠRevisionStudents are required to retell the text in their own words.StepⅠSelf-directed studyT:In this class we will learn the important words and expressions and their usages in this unit. First, it’s self-study time. Please observe the example sentences in the sheet and try to find out the meaning or usage of the underlined words or phrases by referring to the dictionary or reference books. Make a mark where you can’t understand. Then, 15 minutes later,we’ll see who is the best self-learner. Please begin now.(15 minutes)StepⅠ Presentation1.【教材原句】Looking up at the stars,people have always wanted to learn more about space,and scientists work hard to find answers.仰望星空,人们一直想更多地了解太空,科学家们也在努力寻找答案。
2019新人教高中英语选择性必修三Unit4Discover Useful Structures教案
2019新人教高中英语选择性必修三Unit4 Adversity and CourageDiscover Useful Structures公开课教案Teaching aims：1.Enable students to master the usage of the present perfect continuous tense.2.Guide students to distinguish the present perfect continuous tense from the present perfect tense.3.Help students to use the present perfect continuous tense to express your own ideas in the real situations.Teaching key points:1.Help students identify the usage of the present perfect continuous tense.2.Instruct students to tell the present perfect continuous tense from the present perfect tense.3.Lead students to use the present perfect continuous tense in the context.Teaching difficult points:1.How to use the present perfect continuous tense in the real situations.2.Distinguish the present perfect continuous tense from the present perfect tense.Teaching procedures:StepⅠ Lead-inLook at the sentence in the present perfect continuous tense.Find more examples from the text and pay attention to the predicate verbs.Example:This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.Suggested answers:1.We have been managing to survive.2.We have been struggling for days.Step Ⅰ Observe and analyseActivity 1Observe and summarise the function of the present perfect continuous tense.1.We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们等了你半个小时。
Unit4单词讲解课件高中英语人教版
frontier (n.)边境；国界；边远地 区
vehicle (n.)交通工具；车辆
disappointed by (对...感到失望) • 例句：She was disappointed with the results
of the exam.（她对考试结果感到失望。） • 反义词：satisfied, content • 同义词：disheartened, let down, discouraged
人教版2019必修三unit4单词讲解
astronaut (n.)字航员；太空人
• 词组： • space astronaut (太空航员), • astronaut training (航天员训练), • astronaut suit (太空服)
• 例句：Neil Armstrong became a famous astronaut after he walked on the moon.（尼 尔·阿姆斯特朗在登上月球后成为著名的宇航员。）
• 例句：The agency is responsible for managing environmental protection.（该机构 负责管理环境保护工作。）
• 同义词：organization, bureau, authority
transmit (vt. & vi.)传输；发送
• 词组：transmit information (传输信息), transmit a disease (传染病), transmit a signal (传输信号)