养个高智商宝宝并不难,做到这些就成功99%了
数学人教A版选择性必修第一册第一章空间向量与立体几何章末复习
以O为坐标原点, 建立如图所示
空间直角坐标系Oxyz .
设OD SO OA OB OC a ,
z
a a
则A(a , 0, 0), B(0, a , 0), C ( a , 0, 0), P 0, , ,
2 2
⊥ 1 . 1 ⊥ 平面
当 = 4, = 3, 1 = 5时, 求平面与平面1 1 的夹角的余弦值.
D
C
1
1
A1
B1
E
F
D
C
A
B
(2) 以A为原点建立如图所示空间直角坐标系, 则A(0,0,0), A1 (0,0,5),
B(4,0,0), B1 (4,0,5), D(0, 3,0), C (4, 3,0).
n AP ax y z 0
2
2
取z 1, 则x 0, y 1,
所以n (0, 1,1),
设直线BC 与平面PAC 所成的
则 sin cos CB, n
,
CB n 2
所以直线BC 与平面PAC 所成的角为30.
由(1)知 A1C (4, 3, 5)是平面AEF的一个
法向量.
设平面BDD1 B1的法向量为n ( x , y , z ),
n BB1 5 z 0
则
,
n BD 4 x 3 y 0
令x 3, 得y 4, n (3, 4, 0)
z
D
C
1
1
A1
B1
E
y
F
D
C
A
B
x
得捷电子 Intellidox端口重组模块及可启用包说明书
What’s in the BoxIntellidox Docking ModuleEach Intellidox Docking Module package contains one Intellidox module with a factory-installed nest for the ConneX1 portable gas detector. The power adapter, power cord, calibration gas tubing, exhaust tubing, and user manual are packaged sepa-rately as the Intellidox Enabler Kit. One Enabler Kit is required for each stand-alone Intellidox module.If the Intellidox module is damaged or if parts are missing, con-tact BW T echnologies or an authorized distributor immediately.Intellidox Enabler KitOne Intellidox Enabler Kit is required for each stand-alone Intel-lidox module. Each Enabler Kit contains:1. Power supply and AC power cord appropriate to shippingdestination;2. Ethernet cable;3. Calibration gas and purge gas tubing, cut to 1 meter(3.3 feet);4. Quick connect fittings;5. Exhaust tubing, cut to 4.57 meters (15 feet);6. Inlet (purge) filter assembly;7. Intellidox end plate;8. CD containing the Intellidox Operator’s Manual in PDFformat; and9. CD containing FleetManager II version 3.0.0 software orhigher.If Enabler Kit parts are damaged or missing, or if additionalEnabler Kits are required, contact BW T echnologies or an autho-rized distributor immediately.A b o u t t h i s P u b l i c a t i o nT h i s p u b l i c a t i o n i s a q u i c k -s t a r t r e f e r e n c e g u i d e t o a s s e m b l i n g t h e I n t e l l i d o x D o c k i n g M o d u l e , a n d p r e p a r i n g i t f o r fi r s t u s e . E n s u r e t h a t y o u a r e f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e u s e o f p e r s o n a l g a s d e t e c -t i o n d e v i c e s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s , a n d t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e a c t i o n i n t h ee v e n t of a n a l a r m c o n d i t i o n .F o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g I n t e l l i d o x i n s t a l l a t i o n , c o n fi g u r a t i o n , o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e , r e f e r t o t h e I n t e l l i d o xO p e r a t o r M a n u a l o r v i s i t w w w .g a s m o n i t o r s .c o m .A b o u t t h e I n t e l l i d o x D o c k i n g M o d u l eT h e I n t e l l i d o x D o c k i n g M o d u l e (‘I n t e l l i d o x ’ o r ‘I n t e l l i d o x m o d u l e ’) i s a n a u t o m a t i c b u m p t e s t a n d c a l i b r a t i o n d o c k i n g s t a t i o n f o r u s e w i t h C o n n e X 1 p o r t a b l e g a s d e t e c t o r s m a n u f a c t u r e d b y B W T e c h n o l o g i e s . T h e I n t e l l i d o x a u t o m a t i c a l l y p e r f o r m s e s s e n t i a l p r o c e d u r e s i n c l u d i n g s e n s o r i d e n t i fi c a t i o n , b u m p t e s t s , c a l i b r a -t i o n s , a l a r m t e s t s a n d d a t a t r a n s f e r s . I t a l s o r e t a i n s a c u m u l a t i v e r e c o r d o f d e t e c t o r d a t a l o g s t h a t a r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o i t s o n b o a r dm e m o r y .T h e I n t e l l i d o x c a n b e u s e d o n a t a b l e t o p o r o t h e r fl a t s u r f a c e . A b u i l t -i n r e t r a c t a b l e s t a n d c a n b e d e p l o y e d t o h o l d t h e I n t e l l i d o x u p r i g h t a t a n a n g l e t h a t i s s u i t a b l e f o r r o u t i n e u s e . I n t e l l i d o x m o d u l e s c a n a l s o b e m o u n t e d o n a w a l l o r o t h e r fl a t s u r f a c e . F o ra d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n , r e f e r t o t h e O p e r a t o r M a n u a l.T h i s I n t e l l i d o x m o d e l i s i n t e n d e d f o r u s e a s a s t a n d -a l o n e d o c k -i n g m o d u l e o n l y . D o n o t c o n n e c t t w o o r m o r e I n t e l l i d o x m o d u l e st o g e t h e r .I n t e n d e d U s eU n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s p e c i fi e d a t t i m e o f p u r c h a s e , I n t e l l i d o x m o d -u l e s s h i p p e d f r o m B W T e c h n o l o g i e s :• A r e f a c t o r y c o n fi g u r e d f o r u s e w i t h C o n n e X 1 p o r t a b l e g a s d e t e c t o r s c o n t a i n i n g H 2S s e n s o r s w i t h s t a n d a r d c a l i b r a t i o ng a s s e t t i n g s .• C o n t a i n a m u l t i -g a s e x p a n s i o n m o d u l e .• O p e r a t e a s s t a n d -a l o n e b u m p t e s t a n d c a l i b r a t i o n s t a t i o n s .• M a y b e c o n n e c t e d t o a n e t w o r k v i a E t h e r n e t c a b l e f o r e n h a n c e d a c c e s s t o a n d c o n t r o l o f a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a n dm a i n t e n a n c e t a s k s .• A r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h F l e e t M a n a g e r I I v e r s i o n 3.0.0 s o f t w a r eo r h i g h e r .I f t h e I n t e l l i d o x m o d u l e o r a n y o f i t s p a r t s a r e d a m a g e d o r m i s s i n g , c o n t a c t B W T e c h n o l o g i e s o r a n a u t h o r i z e d d i s t r i b u t o ri m m e d i a t e l y .N o r m a l O p e r a t i n g C o n d i t i o n sT h e I n t e l l i d o x i s d e s i g n e d t o b e s a f e u n d e r t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i -t i o n s :• I n d o o r u s e o n l y• N o r m a l a t m o s p h e r e (20.9% O 2) t h a t i s f r e e o f h a z a r d o u sg a s• T e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e o f +10°C t o +35°C• R e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y o f 0% t o 50%I f t h e i n t e n d e d o p e r a t i n g e n v i r o n m e n t d o e s n o t m a t c h t h e s e c r i -t e r i a , B W T e c h n o l o g i e s r e c o m m e n d s t h a t y o u c o n s u l t a q u a l i fi e d p r o f e s s i o n a l s p e c i a l i s t p r i o r t o i n s t a l l i n g a n d u s i n g a n y I n t e l l i d o xm o d u l e s .T h i s e q u i p m e n t u s e s p o t e n t i a l l y h a r m f u l g a s f o r c a l i b r a t i o n s . T h e I n t e l l i d o x m u s t b e a t t a c h e d t o a v e n t i n g s y s t e m o r b e u s e d i n aw e l l -v e n t i l a t e d a r e a .Copyright, Notices, TrademarksWhile this information is presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, BW Technologies disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and makes no express warranties except as may be stated in its written agree-ment with and for its customers.In no event is BW T echnologies liable to anyone for any indirect, special or consequential damages. The information and specifica-tions in this document are subject to change without notice.Intellidox, ConneX1, and FleetManager II are trademarks of BW Technologies. Other brand or product names are trademarks of their respective owners.Symbol DefinitionsThis manual uses the following signal words, as defined by ANSI Z535.4-1998:Important Safety Information: Read First1. To ensure personal safety, read Safety Information andWarnings before using the Intellidox.2. Use the Intellidox only as specified by the manufacturer.Failure to do so may impair protection provided by the Intellidox.3. The safety and security of any system or networkincorporating the Intellidox and its accessory components is the responsibility of the assembler of the system.4. Follow all required National Electric Codes (NEC) and safetystandards.Prepare for First UseT o ensure that the Intellidox module is ready for safe opera-tion, you must attach the endplate, attach the purge inlet filter assembly, and connect the exhaust tubing before you connect power or attach a gas cylinder.Attach the EndplateEach Intellidox Enabler Kit contains one endplate. T o prevent gas leaks, the end plate must be attached and locked with the lock latch arm before connecting power supply or connecting gas cylinders. The end plate must remain securely latched at all times during operation. If the end plate is detached during operation, disconnect power and replace the end plate immedi-ately.1. Unhook and lift latch arm.2. Attach end plate.3. Lower and lock latch arm.Connect the Purge Inlet Filter AssemblyEach Intellidox Enabler Kit contains one purge inlet filter as-sembly. Unless otherwise specified, the purge inlet is configured to use ambient air in a fresh air environment with a normal atmosphere of 20.9% O 2 that is free of hazardous gas . Ensure that the purge inlet filter assembly is attached before using the Intellidox module. Y ou may attach an extension tubing to the filter assembly to draw ambient air from an adjacent fresh air environment.D o c k i n g M o d u l e50104991-166 || Q R G -E N -F M S U _B 2 E n g l i s h ©2016 B W T e c h n o l o g i e s . Al l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .2840 2 A v e . S E C a l g a r y , A l b e r t a C a n a d a T 2A 7X 9C a n a d a : 1-800-663-4164U S A : 1-888-749-8878E u r o p e : +44 (0) 1295 700300O t h e r r e g i o n s : 1-403-248-9226F a x : 1-403-273-3708W e b : w w w .h o n e y w e l l a n a l y t i c s .c o mQ u i c k R e f e r e n c eG u i d eBW TECHNOLOGIES BY HONEYWELL 50104991-166 || QRG-EN-FMSU_B2 INTELLIDOX DOCKING MODULE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDEB W T EC H N O L O G I E S B Y H O N E Y W E L L W W W .H O N E Y W E L L A N A L Y T I C S .C O M I N T E L L I D O X D O C K I N G M O D U L E Q U I C K R E F E R E N C E G U I D EI n t e l l i d o x2. If AutoDownload Datalog is set usingFleetManager II software, detector datalogs are automatically transferred to Intellidox.Bump Test PassWhen the bump test is successful, LCD screen background changes to green and Bump test passed message is displayed. Alarm responseand sensor response test items are checked.Press to return to Intellidox user menu.Bump Test FailWhen the bump test fails, LCD screen back-ground changes to red and Bump test failed message is displayed. Failed alarm response and/or sensor response test items are markedwith .If the AutoCal on Failed Bump is set using Fleet-Manager II software, calibration automatically begins.CalibrationCalibration is a two-step procedure that deter-mines the measurement scale for the detector’s response to gas. In the first step, a baseline reading is taken in a clean, uncontaminated environment. In the second step, the sensors are exposed to known concentrations of gas. The detector uses the baseline and known gas concentrations to determine the measurement scale.Calibration Guidelines1. Calibrate only in a normal environment thatis 20.9% O 2 and free of hazardous gas. Do not operate the docking module in a hazardous area. Failure to adhere to this guideline can result in possible personal injury and/or property damage.2. Use only premium grade calibrationgases and cylinders that are approved by BW Technologies, and supplied by BW Technologies or an authorized distributor. The calibration gases mustmeet the accuracy of the detector. For more information, refer to the Operator Manual.3. Do not use a gas cylinder beyond itsexpiration date.4. All calibration cylinders must be usedwith a demand flow regulator and must meet these maximum inlet pressurespecifications: disposable cylinders: 000 psig/70 bar, refillable cylinders: 03000 psig/207 bar5. Do not calibrate the detector duringcharging or immediately after charging is complete.6. Calibrate the sensor if ambient gasreadings vary during startup.7. Calibrate a new sensor before use. Allowthe sensor to stabilize before starting calibration.8. Used sensor: wait 60 seconds 9. New sensor: wait 5 minutes10. When calibrating the same gas detectormultiple times, wait 10 minutes between calibrations to allow the sensor to stabilize.11. If a certified calibration is required,contact BW Technologies or an authorized distributor.Calibrate a DetectorIf AutoCal on Overdue Sensors is set using FleetManager II software and sensors are over-due, then calibration starts automatically once Intellidox recognizes the detector.1. Insert a detector.2. Use and to move to Calibrate mydetector on the Intellidox user menu.3. Press to select Calibrate my detector.The LCD screen background changes to yellow and the calibration progress screen is displayed.4. Calibration begins. Progress screens aredisplayed while the tests are performed.5. If AutoDownload Datalog is set usingFleetManager II software, detector datalogs are automatically transferred to Intellidox.Calibration PassWhen the calibration is successful, LCD screen background changes to green and Calibration passed is displayed. Alarm response and sensor response test items are checked. Press to return to Intellidox user menu.Calibration FailWhen the calibration fails, LCD screen back-ground changes to red and Calibration failed is displayed. Failed alarm response and/or sensor response test items are marked with .1. Ensure that the filter assembly is freeof obstructions and defects.2. Connect the filter assembly to thepurge inlet.3. If necessary, attach an extensiontubing to the filter assembly to draw ambient air from an adjacent fresh air environment.Connect the Exhaust TubingEach Intellidox Enabler Kit includes one exhaust tubing that is 4.57 meters (15 feet) long.1. Inspect the exhaust tubing to ensurethat it is free of obstructions and defects.2. Connect the exhaust tubing to theexhaust outlet.3. Ensure that the exhaust tubing is notconnected to a negative pressure system, or obstructed in any way.Connect the PowerEach Intellidox Enabler Kit contains one power supply and AC power cord. Use only the power supply provided in the Enabler Kit to connect the Intellidox Docking Module to an appropriate electrical power outlet. When the power is connected, the Intellidoxactivates and a self-test is performed.1. Connect the AC power cord to thepower supply2. Connect the power supply to theIntellidox power port.3. Plug the AC power cord into a suitable wall outlet.4. When the power is connected, theIntellidox LCD activates and a self-testis performed.To prevent the corruption or loss of data and/or software and/or firmware, do not deactivate the equipment while performing datalog transfers, bump tests, calibrations or other operations.Charge a DetectorUse the Intellidox to charge detectors fitted with rechargeable batteries. For more infor-mation on battery maintenance, refer to the detector manual.1. Charge only in a normal environmentthat is 20.9% O 2 and free of hazardous gas. Do not operate the docking module in a hazardous area. Failure to adhere to this guideline can result in possible personal injury and/or property damage.2. Deactivate the detector.3. Insert the detector into the Intellidoxmodule.4. Battery charging begins immediately.Battery charging is disabled during bump test and calibration procedures.Once tests and other routines are com-pleted, you may leave the detector in the module for charging. If the detector isactivated, the module will deactivate it after 10 minutes of inactivity. When charging is complete, remove the detector. Do not store the detector in the module.Prepare for Bump Tests and CalibrationsThe Intellidox module is factory-configured for use with ConneX1 portable gas detec-tors containing H 2S sensors. Gas inlets are configured at the factory. Inlet con-figurations cannot be altered. The Intel-lidox Enabler Kit includes quick connect fittings and calibration tubing cut to the minimum recommended length of 1 meter (39 inches). Use only tubing that is between 1 meter (39 inches) and 10 meters (33 feet) in length when you connect gas cylinders to an Intellidox module.Connect Calibration Gas1. Connect a demand flow regulator to the calibration gas cylinder.2. Use the quick connect fittings and calibration gas tubing to connect the calibration gas cylinder to the gas.Bump Test Bump test is a procedure that confirms a detector’s ability to respond to target gasesby exposing the detector to gas concentra-tions that exceed its alarm setpoints.If AutoBump on Insertion is set using FleetManager II software, then bump test starts automatically when Intellidox recog-nizes the detector. If AutoCal on OverdueSensors is enabled and if a calibration is also due, then no bump test is performed. Instead, calibration starts automatically when the detector is recognized.1. Insert a detector.2. Press and on the keypad tomove to Bump test my detector on theIntellidox user menu.3. Press to select Bump Test. TheLCD screen background changes to yellow and the bump test progress screen is displayed.1. The bump test begins. T estsequence progress screens are displayed while the tests are per-formed.Touchpad and buttonsActionMove right Move left Move up Move down Select menu item Save changesClose menu itemReturn to previous screen Cancel changesLCD BacklightBacklight StatusIdlePrompt for user action Activity in progress Activity successful WarningActivity Failed50104991-166 || QRG-EN-FMSU_B2 INTELLIDOX DOCKING MODULE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE。
FLUXUS F601技术规格说明书
Features•Transmitterconfigurable for flow and thermal energy mea-surement–Flow measurement for all acoustically penetrable fluids–Integrated thermal energy measurement for a typical heat and refrigerating agents–Temperature range -40 to+392 °F, with WaveInjector max.+752 °F•Precise bidirectional and highly dynamic flow measurementwith the non-invasive clamp-on technology•Calibrated transducers and transmitters with traceable certif-icates•Automatic loading of calibration data and transducer detec-tion for a fast and easy set-up (less than 5 min), providing precise and long-term stable results•High precision at fast and slow flow rates, high temperature and zero point stability•Portable, easy-to-use flow transmitter with 2 flow channels, multiple inputs/outputs, an integrated data logger with a seri-al interface•Integrated wall thickness measurement with connectable wall thickness probe•The transmitter is water and dust-tight (NEMA 4), resistant against oil, many liquids and dirt•Robust, water-tight (NEMA 4) transport case with compre-hensive accessories•Li-Ion battery provides up to 25 hours of measurement oper-ation•User-friendly design•QuickFix for a simple and fast transmitter fixation, e.g., on pipesApplicationsDesigned for harsh environments and applicable in all areas such as drinking water and sewerage industry, power plants, producing industry, food industry and many moreExample applications:•Operation measurements•Data gathering in energy management and certifications ac-cording to ISO 50001•Survey of pump performances•Hydraulic balancing•Verification of installed measuring systems•Supervision of permanently installed meters, service and maintenance FLUXUS F601Measurement with transducers mounted with mounting frames and flow transmitter fixed to the pipe with the QuickFix pipe mounting fixture Measurement equipment in transport casePortable ultrasonic flow measurement of liquidsPortable instrument for non-invasive, quick flow and energy measurement with clamp-on technology for all types of pipingTSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus, 2020-02-01FLUXUS F601Technical specification2020-02-01, TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus2Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Measurement principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Calculation of volumetric flow rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Number of sound paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Typical measurement setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Standard scope of supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Adapters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Example for the equipment of a transport case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Transducer selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Transducer order code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Transducer mounting fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Coupling materials for transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Connection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Clamp-on temperature probe (optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Fixation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Wall thickness measurement (optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Technical specification FLUXUS F6013TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus, 2020-02-01FunctionMeasurement principleThe transducers are mounted on the pipe which is completely filled with the fluid. The ultrasonic signals are emitted alter-nately by a transducer and received by the other. The physical quantities are determined from the transit times of the ultra-sonic signals.Transit time difference principleAs the fluid where the ultrasound propagates is flowing, the transit time of the ultrasonic signal in flow direction is shorter than the one against the flow direction.The transit time difference Δt is measured and allows the flowmeter to determine the average flow velocity along the prop-agation path of the ultrasonic signals. A flow profile correction is then performed in order to obtain the area averaged flow velocity, which is proportional to the volumetric flow rate.The integrated microprocessors control the entire measuring cycle. The received ultrasonic signals are checked for mea-surement usability and evaluated for their reliability. Noise signals are eliminated.HybridTrekIf the gaseous or solid content in the fluid increases occasionally during measurement, a measurement with the transit time difference principle may no longer be possible. NoiseTrek mode will then be selected by the flowmeter. This mea-surement method allows the flowmeter to achieve a stable measurement even with high gaseous or solid content.The transmitter can switch automatically between transit time and NoiseTrek mode without any changes to the measure-ment setup.Calculation of volumetric flow rate= k Re · A · k a · where-volumetric flow ratek Re -fluid mechanics calibration factor A -cross-sectional pipe area k a -acoustical calibration factor Δt -transit time differencet γ-average of transit times in the fluidV ꞏ∆t2tγ⋅-----------VꞏFLUXUS F601Technical specification2020-02-01, TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus4Number of sound pathsThe number of sound paths is the number of transits of the ultrasonic signal through the fluid in the pipe. Depending on the number of sound paths, the following methods of installation exist:•reflect arrangementThe number of sound paths is even. The transducers are mounted on the same side of the pipe. Correct positioning of the transducers is easier.•diagonal arrangementThe number of sound paths is odd. The transducers are mounted on opposite sides of the pipe.•direct modeDiagonal arrangement with 1 sound path. This should be used in the case of a high signal attenuation by the fluid, pipe or coatings.The preferred method of installation depends on the application. While increasing the number of sound paths increases the accuracy of the measurement, signal attenuation increases as well. The optimum number of sound paths for the pa-rameters of the application will be determined automatically by the transmitter.As the transducers can be mounted with the transducer mounting fixture in reflect arrangement or diagonal arrangement,the number of sound paths can be adjusted optimally for the application.Technical specification FLUXUS F6015TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus, 2020-02-01Typical measurement setupFLUXUS F601Technical specification2020-02-01, TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus6TransmitterTechnical dataFLUXUS F601design portable measurement measurement principle transit time difference correlation principle,automatic NoiseTrek selection for measurements with high gaseous or solid content flow velocity ft/s 0.03 to 82repeatability 0.15 % of reading ±0.02 ft/s fluid all acoustically conductive liquids with <10% gaseous or solid content in volume (transit time difference principle)temperature com-pensationcorresponding to the recommendations in ANSI/ASME MFC-5.1-2011measurement uncertainty (volumetric flow rate)measurement uncer-tainty of measuring system 1±0.3 % of reading ±0.02 ft/sincludes calibration certificate traceable to NIST calibration facility ISO 17025 accreditedmeasurement uncer-tainty at the measu-ring point 2±1 % of reading ±0.02 ft/s transmitter power supply •100 to 230 V/50 to 60 Hz (power supply unit: IP40, 32 to 104 °F)•10.5 to 15 V DC (socket at transmitter)•integrated batteryintegrated battery Li-Ion, 7.2 V/6.2 Ah •operating time h •> 14 (without outputs, inputs and backlight)•> 25 (1 measuring channel, ambient temperature > 50 °F, without outputs, inputs and backlight)power consumption W < 6 (with outputs, inputs and backlight), charging: 18number of measuring channels 2damping s 0 to 100 (adjustable)measuring cycle Hz 100 to 1000 (1 channel)response time s 1 (1 channel), option: 0.07housing material PA, TPE, AutoTex, stainless steel degree of protection NEMA 4dimensions in see dimensional drawing weight lb 4.6fixation QuickFix pipe mounting fixture ambient temperature °F 14 to 140display 2 x 16 characters, dot matrix, backlight menu language English, German, French, Dutch, Spanish measuring functions physical quantities volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate, flow velocity, thermal energy rate (if temperature inputs are installed)totalizer volume, mass, optional: thermal energy calculation functions average, difference, sum diagnostic functions sound speed, signal amplitude, SNR, SCNR, standard deviation of amplitudes and transit times communication interfaces service interfaces •RS232•USB (with adapter)process interfaces •Modbus RTU (optional)accessories serial data kit •сable RS232•adapter RS232 - USB software •FluxDiagReader: download of measured values and parameters, graphical presentation•FluxDiag (optional): download of measurement data, graphical presentation, report generationadapter AO5, AO6, AO7, AO8, AI1, AI2transport case dimensions: 19.7 x 15.7 x 7.5 in data logger loggable values all physical quantities, totalized values and diagnostic values capacity > 100000 measured values1with aperture calibration of the transducers2for transit time difference principle and reference conditionsTechnical specificationFLUXUS F6017TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus, 2020-02-01DimensionsoutputsThe outputs are galvanically isolated from the transmitter.number see standard scope of supply, max. on request •switchable current outputThe switchable current outputs are menu selectable all together as passive or active.range mA 4 to 20 (3.2 to 24)accuracy 0.04 % of reading ±3 μA active output U int = 24 V, R ext < 500 Ωpassive output U ext = 8 to 30 V, depending on R ext (R ext < 900 Ω at 30 V)•frequency output range kHz 0 to 5open collector 24 V/4 mA •binary output optorelay 26 V/100 mA binary output as alarm output •functions limit, change of flow direction or error binary output as pulse output •functions mainly for totalizing •pulse value units 0.01 to 1000•pulse width ms 1 to 1000inputsThe inputs are galvanically isolated from the transmitter.number see standard scope of supply, max. 4•temperature input type Pt100/Pt1000connection 4-wire range °F -238 to +1040resolution K 0.01accuracy ±0.01 % of reading ±0.03 K •current input accuracy 0.1 % of reading ±10 μA passive input R int = 50 Ω, P int < 0.3 W •range mA -20 to +20•voltage input range V 0 to 1accuracy 0.1 % of reading ±1 mV internal resistance R int = 1 MΩFLUXUS F6011with aperture calibration of the transducers2for transit time difference principle and reference conditionsFLUXUS F601Technical specification2020-02-01, TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus8Standard scope of supplyAdaptersF601 BasicF601 Energyapplicationflow measurement of liquids2 independent measuring channels,2 calculation channelswall thickness measurement (wall thickness probe to be ordered separately)integrated thermal energy computersimultaneous monitoring of 2 energy flowstemperature-compensated calculation of mass flow rate outputsswitchable current output 22binary output 22inputstemperature input -4accessories transport casex x power supply unit, mains cable x xbattery x xadapterAO6AO6, AI1, AI2QuickFix pipe mounting fixture for transmitter x x serial data kit x x measuring tape x x user manual,Quick start guidexxTechnical specification FLUXUS F6019TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus, 2020-02-01Example for the equipment of a transport caseF601softwarepower supply unit,mains cabletransducer mounting fixturemeasuring tapetransmittertransducersuser manual,Quick start guidecoupling compoundwall thickness probe (optional)QuickFix pipe mounting fixturetemperature probes (optional)serial data kitFLUXUS F601Technical specification2020-02-01, TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus10TransducersTransducer selectiontransducer order code FSG 15.719.7157.5255.9FSK 3.97.978.7255.9FSM 2 3.939.4133.9FSP 0.98215.723.6FSQ 0.390.985.915.7FSS0.240.39 2.80.20.4242040200inner pipe diameter [in]transducer order code FSG 0.43FSK 0.2FSM 0.1FSP 0.05FSQ 0.02FSS0.010.20.40.60.811.2pipe wall thickness [in]recommendedpossibleTransducer order code1, 2345, 67, 89 to 11no. of charactert r a n s d u c e rt r a n s d u c e r f r e q u e n c y-a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r ee x p l o s i o n p r o t e c t i o nc o n n e c t i o n s y s t e m-e x t e n s i o n c a b l e/o p t i o nd e s c r i p t i o nFSset of ultrasonic flow transducers for liquids measurement, shear wave G 0.2 MHz K 0.5 MHz M 1 MHz P 2 MHz Q 4 MHz S8 MHzN normal temperature range Eextended temperature range NNnot explosion proof NLwith Lemo connectorXXX0 m: without extension cable > 0 m: with extension cable LC long transducer cableTechnical dataShear wave transducers (nonEx, NL)Shear wave transducers (nonEx, NL, extended temperature range)Transducer mounting fixtureOrder code1, 234567 to 9no. of charactert r a n s d u c e r m o u n t i n g f i x t u r et r a n s d u c e r-m e a s u r e m e n t a r r a n g e -m e n ts i z e-f i x a t i o no u t e r p i p e d i a m e t e rd e s c r i p t i o nFS mounting framesLM ladder chain mounting accessory VP portable Variofix TB tension beltsWLtransducer box for WaveInjector A all transducersK transducers with transducer frequency G, K M transducers with transducer frequency M, P Q transducers with transducer frequency Q Stransducers with transducer frequency SD reflect arrangement or diagonal arrangement/direct mode Rreflect arrangement S small Mmedium C chainsNwithout fixation L080.5 to 8 in L220.5 to 22 in 0100.39 to 3.9 in 0250.39 to 9.8 in 0550.39 to 21.7 in 150 2 to 59.1 in 210 2 to 82.7 inCoupling materials for transducersTechnical datanormal temperature range(4th character of transducer order code =N)extended temperature range(4th character of transducer order code =E)WaveInjector WI-400< 212 °F< 338 °F< 302 °F< 392 °F< 536 °F 536 to 752 °Fcoupling compound type Ncoupling compound type Ecoupling compound type Ecoupling compound type E or Hcoupling pad type A and coupling pad type VT coupling pad type B and coupling pad type VTtypeambient temperature °Fcoupling compound type N -22 to +266coupling compound type E -22 to +392coupling compound type H -22 to +482coupling pad type A max. 536coupling pad type B 536 to 752coupling pad type VT14 to +392coupling pad not to be used for transducer mounting fixture with magnetsConnection systemsCableCable lengthtransducer cable type 1699weightlb/ft 0.06ambient temperature °F -67 to +392cable jacket materialPTFE outer diameter in 0.11thickness in0.01color brown shield xsheath materialstainless steel 304outer diameter in0.31extension cable type17502551standard lengthft1632-max. length ft 32see table below weight lb/ft 0.080.06ambient temperature °F < 144-13 to +176cable jacket material PE TPE-O outer diameter in 0.240.31thickness in 0.02color black black shield x x sheath material stainless steel 304-outer diameter in 0.35-remark optionaltransducer frequencyF, G, H, K M, P Q Sconnection system NL transducers technical type x y l x y l x y l x y l *D***Z71ft 69≤ 8266≤ 8263≤ 8233≤ 65option LC:*L***Z71ft 622≤ 82226≤ 82263≤ 82---1 l > 82 to 328 ft on requestx, y = transducer cable length l = max. length of extension cableClamp-on temperature probe (optional) Technical dataFixationTechnical specification FLUXUS F60121TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus, 2020-02-01Wall thickness measurement (optional)The pipe wall thickness is an important pipe parameter which has to be determined exactly for a good measurement. How-ever, the pipe wall thickness often is unknown.The wall thickness probe can be connected to the transmitter instead of the flow transducers and the wall thickness mea-surement mode is activated automatically.Acoustic coupling compound is applied to the wall thickness probe which then is placed firmly on the pipe. The wall thick-ness is displayed and can be stored directly in the transmitter.Technical dataCableDWR1NZ7order codeACC-PO-G601-/W6measuring range 1in 0.04 to 9.8resolution in 0.0004accuracy1 % ±0.004 in fluid temperature °F-4 to +392,short-time peak max. 932сable type 2616lengthft41The measuring range depends on the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal in the pipe. For strongly attenuating plastics (e.g., PFA, PTFE, PP) the measuring range is smaller.2616ambient temperature °F <392cable jacket materialFEP outer diameter in 0.2color black shield xFLEXIM AMERICAS CorporationEdgewood, NY 11717USATel.:(631) 492-2300Fax:(631) 492-2117internet: e-mail:*****************1-888-852-7473Subject to change without notification.Errors excepted. FLUXUS is a registered trademark of FLEXIM GmbH.Copyright (©) FLEXIM GmbH 2020 2020-02-01, TSFLUXUS_F601V2-4-1US_Lus。
B700、D700和T700 ASHCROFT
© Ashcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614 USA, Tel: 203-378-8281, Fax; 203-385-0408, All sales subject to standard terms and conditions of sale. b-d-t-700_switch_im_RevC_(009-10120-ATEX) 11-05-181. Installation Requirements • T he equipment may be used with flammable gases and vapors with apparatus groups IIC and with temperature class T6 in the ambient temperature range –20ºC to +60ºC.• B 7 and D7 Switches, Process Temperature: – 20 to 60°COther temperature limits are possible with different diaphragm materials • I nstallation shall be carried out by suitably-trained personnel in accordance with the applicable code of practice e.g. IEC/EN 60079-14.• R efer to appropriate datasheet for materials of construction and te c hnical information.• T hese switches are precision instruments and should never be left with internal components exposed. During installation insure that covers are in place and conduit openings are closed except when actually working on the switches.• T o minimize the risk of injury, the switches must be installed according to the required safety and electrical codes.• T o attain the degree of protection listed on the switch it may be necessary to add required conduit fittings.• T he switch must be protected from moisture, shock and/or extreme vibration.• M ounting position: Switch can be mounted in any position. It is recommended that unit be set in intended operating position.• R efer to tag on product to for product catalog number, electrical rating, pressure/temperature range, wetted materials, proof pres-sure/proof temperature rating and switch deadband.2. Cautions • T he certification of this equipment relies upon the following mate-rials used in its construction: aluminum and stainless steel. If the equipment is likely to come into contact with aggressive sub-stances, then it is the responsibility of the user to take suitable precautions that prevent it from being adversely affected, thus ensuring that the type of protection provided by the equipment is not compromised. For compatibility questions contact Ashcroft.• A lways install the cover after wiring the switch and before power is supplied.• B efore removing the cover in hazardous areas be sure there is no explosive atmosphere present and the power supply is turned off.• F or ATEX/IEC approved switches all safety locking devices and electrical earthing must be installed or connected before operat-ing.• N ever carry a temperature switch by holding only the stem, bulb or capillary.• D o not push any foreign objects (ex. Screwdrivers) against the diaphragm.• Do not exceed ranges, current and/or voltage limits.3. Mounting • T hree holes external to the enclosure for surface mounting. Location of these holes is shown in the general dimension drawing.• U nits may also be mounted directly on the pressure line using the pressure connection. When tightening control to pressure line, always use the wrench flats or hex on the lower housing.4. Electrical Connections • B efore operating the switch all conduit entries and/or junctionboxes need to be closed according to the required safety andelectrical codes. a ) S tandard product has two ¾ NPT conduit holes one of whichis fitted with a suitably certified blanking device. ¾ NPT conduit holes can be adapted with suitably certified reducers. b) ATEX/IEC approved cable glands can be used.• I t is recommended that Teflon tape or other sealant be used on conduit, bushing, gland or plug threads to ensure integrity of the enclosure.• O nly trained and skilled personnel are allowed to install the wires to the electrical terminals of the switch.• C able couplers, glands and conduit connectors must have the correct electrical approvals.• A lways follow safety and electrical regulations when connecting these devices.• T he system ground of the device is marked with a green colored screw and/or by the ground symbol.• A TEX approved switches have and external ground screw that must be connected.• Micro switch terminals and wire color codes: NO (Normally Open) Blue NC (Normally Closed) Red C (Common) White • S PDT – Wire directly to the switch according to circuit require-ments.• 2 SPDT – Wire to front switch terminal block (left) and rear switch terminal block (right) as marked. Strip insulation 5⁄16˝, insert in prop-er terminal connector and tighten clamping screw to secure.MICRO SWITCH CODEELECTRICAL RATING SingleDualVa cVdc 20 61 15A, 250V 0.4A, 120V 21 65 5A, 250V 22 67 5A, 250V 2.5A, 28V 23 N/A 22A, 250V 24 64 15A, 480V 0.25A, 250V 25 N/A 10A, 250V 10A, 250V 26 62 15A, 250V 0.4A, 120V27 63 15A, 250V 28 N/A 15A, 250V 29 N/A 15A, 250V 31 70 1A, 250V 50mA, 60V 32 68 11A, 250V 5A, 30V42 71 1A, 125V 50 N/A 15A, 250V35N/A10A, 250V0.3A, 250VTABLE 1: MICRO SWITCH ELECTRICALRATINGSThis product complies with the following standards: IECEx ATEX IEC 60079-0:2011 Ed 6 EN 60079-0:2012 IEC 60079-1:2014 Ed 7 EN 60079-1:2014 IEC 60079-31:2013 IEC 60079-31:2013© Ashcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614 USA, Tel: 203-378-8281, Fax; 203-385-0408, All sales subject to standard terms and conditions of sale. b-d-t-700_switch_im_RevC_(009-10120-ATEX) 11-05-185. Adjustment of Setpoin Note – As indicated below, adjustment of setpoint is made by use of 7⁄8˝ nut. Precision switch element mounting screws and bracket adjusting screw are factory sealed and should not be tampered with.B700 Series – A single setpoint adjustment nut (7/8˝) is located centrally at the bottom on the inside of the enclosure.For accurate setpoint calibration, mount the switch on a calibration stand, a pump or catalog No. 1305 deadweight gauge tester. A suitable reference standard such as an ASHCROFT Duragauge or Test Gauge is necessary to observe convenient changes in pressure.As received, the pressure switch will normally be set to approx-imately 90% of the indicated range. Pressurize the s ystem torequired setpoint and turn the adjustment nut until switch changes mode. Direction of turning is indicated on a label affixed to the inside of the switch enclosure. When setpoint has been achieved raise and lower pressure to insure that setpoint is correct.After installation of the switch replace cover to insure electrical safety and to protect internal parts from the environment.Note – Since vacuum models are already above setpoint at atmo-sphere, the Normally Open (NO) circuit will be closed as received.D700 Series – A single setpoint adjustment nut (7/8˝) is located centrally at the bottom on the inside of the enclosure.The direction of turning is indicated on a label affixed to the inside of the switch enclosure.A typical calibration procedure would be as follows: Static Working Pressure - 600 psig Adjustable Differential Range - 5/200 psid Differential Setpoint - 150 psi above static working pressure.Simultaneously raise the high and low side pressure to 600 psig. Maintain the low side pressure at 600 psig. Raise the high side pressure to 750 psig to obtain 150 psi differential.Turn the adjustment nut until the switch changes mode at 150 psi differential. When the setpoint has been achieved, raise and lower the high side pressure to ensure that the differential setpoint is correct.D700 Series (low range differential) – A single setpoint adjust-ment nut (7⁄8˝ ) is located centrally at the bottom on the inside of the enclosure.The direction of turning is indicated on a label affixed to the inside of the switch enclosure. XG5 switches have a setpoint indication scale adjacent to the adjustment nut. To adjust the switch, align the top of the adjustment nut hex with the indicator line on the scale. Do not force adjustment or attempt to ex-ceed the maxi-mum setting shown on the scale or nameplate.For accurate setpoint calibration or for switches without a scale mount the switch on a calibration stand so that the HIGH and LOW pressures expected under operating conditions may be obtained. Suitable reference standards are necessary for each pressure.Note – During calibration an approximate setpoint under operating conditions can be obtained by setting the operating point with the low side open to atmosphere. A final setpoint adjustment can be made after installation.Apply LOW pressure. Then apply HIGH pressure to the required setpoint and turn the adjustment nut until the switch operates. When the setpoint has been achieved, raise and lower HIGH pres-sure to ensure that the differential pressure between the HIGH and LOW pressures is correct.After installation of the switch, replace the cover to ensure electri-cal safety and to protect the internal parts from the e nvironment.T700 Series – A single setpoint adjustment nut (7⁄8˝ ) is located cen-trally at the bottom on the inside of the enclosure.The bulb of the switch should be immersed in a bath at the desired setpoint temperature. Optimum performance will be obtained if the bulb is fully immersed. Allow five minutes for initial stabilization.As received, the temperature switch will normally be set to approx-imately 90% of the indicated range. After stabilization, turn the adjustment nut until switch changes mode. Direction of turning is indicated on a label affixed to the inside of the switch enclosure. When setpoint jas been achieved raise and lower temperature to insure that the setpoint is correct.After installation of the switch replace cover to insure electrical safety and to protect internal parts from the environment.B750, D750 and T750 Variable Deadband Switches – Deadband is varied by rotating the wheel on the precision switch. Whenviewed from the front of the enclosure, rotation to the left increases deadband – rotation to the right decreases deadband. Letters on the wheel may be used as a reference. Deadbands obtainable will vary from 0.5% to 9% of pressure or temperature range depending on range segment and type of diaphragm.Adjustment of Setpoint – As received, the switch will normally be set to approximately 90% of range. Rotate the wheel on the MICRO SWITCH all the way to the right; this will provide small-est deadband. Pressurize, or increase bath temperature, to the required setpoint and turn the adjustment nut until the switch changes mode. Lower the pressure to reset the switch. Rotate the wheel on the MICRO SWITCH until the desired deadband is obtained. The upper setpoint will be changing upward with this adjustment. Lower the pressure to reset the switch. Then increase the pressure to the desired setpoint and turn the adjusting nut until the switch changes mode. Lower the pressure and check reset-point and deadband.6. Specific Conditions of Use • P rior to use, the equipment shall be subjected to a pressure test, which shall be based on the process pressure of the associated system. If available, the test shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of an applicable industry standard. The pressure shall be applied from the system side of the diaphragm. It must be proven that there is no leakage of the test medium into the flameproof enclosure and that the flameproof enclosure does not become pressurized above ambient atmospheric pressure.• E poxy coated enclosures are non-conducting and may generate an ignition-capable level of electrostatic charges under certain extreme conditions. The user should ensure that the equipment is not installed in a location where it may be subjected to external conditions (such as high-pressure steam) which might cause a build-up of electrostatic charges on non-conducting surfaces. Additionally, cleaning of the equipment should be done only with a damp cloth. • S witch vent must not be used nor blocked.• I n accordance with clause 5.1 of IEC/EN 60079-1 the critcal dimensions of the flamepaths are:• Never use aggressive solvents.• Do not use high-pressure water to clean the switch.8. Maintenance/Troubleshooting• All ASHCROFT switches require little or no maintenance.• I nspection and maintenance of this equipment shall be carried out by suitably trained personnel in accordance with the applica-ble code of practice e.g. IEC/EN 60079-17.• Be sure that the case is closed at all times.• W hen the switch is exposed to process media that may hard-en and/or build up in the pressure port, the switch should be removed and cleaned as needed.• I f the switch does not function, only trained and skilled personnel should check on the wiring, power supply and/or mounting.• I f the problem cannot be solved, do not attempt to repair, please contact Ashcroft or Ashcroft distributor.© Ashcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614 USA, Tel: 203-378-8281, Fax; 203-385-0408, All sales subject to standard terms and conditions of sale. b-d-t-700_switch_im_RevC_(009-10120-ATEX) 11-05-18。
LoRa
User ManualLoRa® Wireless Communication ModuleLM-110H1VER 1.0GlobalSat WorldCom Corporation16F., No. 186, Jian 1st Rd, Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City 23553,TaiwanTel: 886.2.8226.3799/ Fax: 886.2.8226.3899 ******************.tw USGlobalSat Incorporated14740 Yorba Court Chino, CA 91710 Tel: 888.323.8720 / Fax: 909.597.8532 *********************TABLE OF CONTENTSProduct Description (3)Product Feature (3)Hardware Specifications (4)Pin Definition (5)Product Size (5)LoRaWAN™ Configuration (6)MOST-Link Configuration (7)Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement (17)Product DescriptionThe GlobalSat LM-110H1 is a RF module that based on LoRa® technology which provides long-range, low data rate IoT connectivity to sensors, electronic meter reading, geolocation devices, industrial monitoring and control, home and building automation, long range irrigation systems, and all kinds of IoT/ M2M equipments. It can work as the end-node devices in the LoRaWAN™ infrastructure or in GlobalSat proprietaryMOST-Link mode.Product Feature● Built-in standard LoRaWAN™ FW and proprietary MOST-Link FW in thesame module● Default as LoRaWAN™, switch to MOST-Link by AT command● Share same PCB/ device design for both LoRa WAN™ and private RF datacommunication● For LoRaWAN™ :∙Standard LoRaWAN™ protocol for EU868/ US915/ AS923 and profile for local settings∙Support Class A/ Class C● For M.O.S.T:∙MOST-Link: use AT-command set to send data over MOST-Link protocol ∙Frequency: 860 - 928 MHz●Multi-channel, dual data buffer (each 256 Bytes)●LoRa®/ FSK/ GFSK/ OOK modulation, 2-way half –duplex communication, stronganti-interfere●Easily use, auto exchange on communication & transceiver●PIN connector for easy development and test●Accord FCC,ETSI, Telec standardHardware SpecificationsPin DefinitionProduct SizeLoRaWAN™ ConfigurationActivation of an end-device can be achieved in two ways, either via Over-The-Air Activation (OTAA) when an end-device is deployed or reset, or via Activation By Personalization (ABP) in which the two steps of end-device personalization and activation are done as one step.⏹Over-the-Air ActivationFor over-the-air activation, end-devices must follow a join procedure prior to participating in data exchanges with the network server. An end-device has to go through a new join procedure every time it has lost the session context information. The join procedure requires the end-device to be personalized with the following information before its starts the join procedure: a globally unique end-device identifier (DevEUI), the application identifier (AppEUI), and an AES-128 key (AppKey).⏹Activation by PersonalizationUnder certain circumstances, end-devices can be activated by personalization. Activation by personalization directly ties an end-device to a specific network by-passing the join request join accept procedure.Activating an end-device by personalization means that the DevAddr and the two session keys NwkSKey and AppSKey are directly stored into the end-device instead of the DevEUI, AppEUI and AppKey. The end-device is equipped with the required information for participating in a specific LoRa network when started. Each device should have a unique set of NwkSKey and AppSKey. Compromising the keys of one device shouldn‘t compromise the security of the communications of other devices.Operation ModeBi-directional end-devices (Class A): End-devices of Class A allow for bi-directional communications whereby each end-device's uplink transmission is followed by two short downlink receive windows. The transmission slot scheduled by the end-device is based on its own communication needs with a small variation based on a random time basis (ALOHA-type of protocol). This Class A operation is the lowest powerend-device system for applications that only require downlinkcommunication from the server shortly after the end-device has sent an uplink transmission. Downlink communications from the server at any other time will have to wait until the next scheduled uplink.Bi-directional end-devices with maximal receive slots (Class C): End-devices of Class C have nearly continuously open receive windows, only closed whentransmitting.MOST-Link ConfigurationPlease refer to below AT Command List for the detail setting.AAT1 －Command for parameters setting up and send /receive data.AAT3 －Command for functions setting up under MOST-Link.Under this protocol, the default mode is Disable (P0=0), which is the payload data transmission in transparent. It only supports command A0, A1 for AES128 encryption function.Use AT command [AAT3 P0=1] to Enable MOST-Link mode.Federal Communication Commission Interference StatementThis device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:●Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.●Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.●Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from thatto which the receiver is connected.●Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Caution:Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.FOR MOBILE DEVICE USAGE (>20cm/low power)Radiation Exposure Statement:This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.This device is intended only for OEM integrators under the following conditions:1) The antenna must be installed such that 20 cm is maintained between the antennaand users, and2) The transmitter module may not be co-located with any other transmitter orantenna.As long as 2 conditions above are met, further transmitter test will not be required. However, the OEM integrator is still responsible for testing their end-product for any additional compliance requirements required with this module installedIMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain laptop configurations or co-location with another transmitter), then the FCC authorization is no longer considered valid and the FCC ID can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible forre-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC authorization.End Product LabelingThis transmitter module is authorized only for use in device where the antenna may be installed such that 20 cm may be maintained between the antenna and users. The final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following: “Contains FCC ID:RID-LM110H1”. The grantee's FCC ID can be used only when all FCC compliance requirements are met.Manual Information To the End UserThe OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install or remove this RF module in the user’s manual of the end product which integrates this module.The end user manual shall include all required regulatory information/warning as show in this manual.The document is subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2018, GlobalSat WorldCom Group。
PhiClock PCIe 9FGV1001、9FGV1002、9FGV1004 芯片评估板用户指南
EVK9FGV1001EVK9FGV1002EVK9FGV1004IntroductionThe evaluation board is designed to help the customer evaluate the 9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 devices. When the board is connected to a PC running IDT Timing Commander ™ software through USB, the device can be configured and programmed to generate different combinations of frequencies.Board OverviewUse Figure 1 and Table 1 to identify: power supply jacks, USB connector, input and output frequency SMA connectors.Figure 1. Evaluation Board Overview10111213101234567899FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation BoardUser Guide9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User GuideBoard Power SupplyThe evaluation board uses jumpers E1–E6 to set the power supply voltages for various V DD pins. The 4-way jumpers can select 3 different voltages from regulators that use power from the USB port. Selection #2 is the jack for connecting a bench power supply.E1: Power supply for the REF outputs. The E1 voltage also determines the LVCMOS output levels of the REF0 and REF1 outputs.E2: Power supply for the OUT0 output driver.E3: Power supply for the OUT1 output driver.E4: Power supply for the analog (V DDA ) and digital (V DDD ) core V DD pins.E5: Power supply for the OUT2 output driver.E6: Power supply for the OUT3 output driver.See 9FGV100x Evaluation Board Schematics (Figure 5–Figure 8) for detailed information.Table 1. Evaluation Board Pins and FunctionsLabel NumberNameOn-board Connector LabelFunction1I2C Interface ConnectorJ2Alternative I 2C interface connector for Aardvark.IDT Timing Commander can also use Aardvark.2USB Connector J6Connect this USB to your PC to run IDT Timing Commander.The board can be powered from the USB port.3Output Power Supply Jack J3Connect to 1.8V, 2.5V or 3.3V for the output voltage of the device.4Core Power Supply JackJ4Connect to 1.8V, 2.5V or 3.3V for the core voltage of the device.5Ground Jack J5Connect to ground of power supply.6Differential Output 1S7 and S10Can be a differential pair, or two single-ended outputs.Available logic types: LVCMOS, LVDS and LP-HCSL.7Differential Output 2S6 and S9Can be a differential pair, or two single-ended outputs.Available logic types: LVCMOS, LVDS and LP-HCSL.8Differential Output 3S5 and S8Can be a differential pair, or two single-ended outputs.Available logic types: LVCMOS, LVDS and LP-HCSL.9Reference Output 0S1Reference or buffered output from the crystal.10Power Supply VoltageSelector E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6VDD_REFP1, VDDO_0, VDDO_1, four-way headers used to select a power supply voltage. Connect the center pin to one of the 4 surrounding pins to select a voltage or a source.11Reference Output 1S2Reference or buffered output from the crystal.12Differential Output 0S3 and S4Can be a differential pair, or two single-ended outputs.Available logic types: LVCMOS, LVDS and LP-HCSL.13DIP SwitchU2Used to control certain pins like OEA, OEB, SEL0, SEL1 and I 2C versus Hardware Select mode.9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User GuideDIP Switch (U2)Refer to Figure 2 and Table 2 for the DIP switch settings and functions.Figure 2. DIP Switch (U2)Interfacing with a Computer to Run Timing CommanderAs shown in Figure 3, jumpers JP1 and JP2 are installed to use the FTDI chip U6 for connecting to the computer with the USB port J6. The U6 chip translates USB to I 2C.When using Aardvark, remove jumpers JP1 and JP2 and connect the Aardvark to connector J2. Default I 2C device address for the 9FGV100x is 0x68.Miscellaneous interfaces can connect to J2 pin 1 for the Serial Clock and to J2 pin 3 for the Serial Data signal. J2 pin 2 can be used as ground, but any other ground pin will also work.When OTP in the 9FGV100x devices is burned with multiple configurations, JP1 and JP2 can be applied in JP3 position respectively to connect the SEL0 and SEL1 switches in U2. Move switch 8 to “+” and power-up the 9FGV100x in Hardware Select mode. This enables changing between 4 configurations with SEL0/1.Table 2. DIP Switch SettingsSwitch Number Function1 = OEA See datasheet.2 = OEB3 = SEL0Select 1 of4 pre-programmed configurations when in Hardware Select mode. Also see switch 8.4 = SEL15Not used.6Not used.7Not used.8 = ModeSelects operating mode at power-up.“-” or “O” selects I 2C mode.“+” selects Hardware Select mode.9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User Guide Figure 3. Connecting to a Computer via USB Port J6On-board CrystalA 25MHz crystal is installed on the board and is used as the reference frequency. The board can also be modified to insert an external reference clock into the XIN pin using SMA connector S11. When using an external reference clock, additional components need to be assembled and the crystal needs to be removed.Output TerminationsEach differential output has a pair of SMA connectors to connect to a 50Ω coax. It is recommended to combine the two signals using a balun or splitter/combiner device when measuring jitter or phase noise. The circuit at the SMA connectors is shown in Figure 4.Figure 4. SMA Connectors Circuit9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User Guide The circuit is designed for maximum flexibility when testing all possible logic types. Default assembly uses a 0.1μF capacitor in place of R14 and R16, and the short across R14 and R16 is cut. No other devices are assembled. This simple AC-coupled configuration allows for testing phase noise and jitter of all possible logic types. The circuit can be modified for custom tests. TP3 is a position to place a differential FET probe.Operating Instructions1.Set all jumpers for power supply choices (E1–E6), interface choices (JP1 and JP2), and set the U2 switches.2.Connect an interface: USB or I2C.3.In the case of an I2C interface, also connect external power supply to jacks J3, J4 and J5.4.Start Timing Commander for either USB or Aardvark.a.Start new configuration or load TCS file for existing configuration.b.Choose PhiClock personality.c.For Aardvark, click to select Aardvark “Connection Interface”.d.For a new configuration, prepare all settings.e.Click to connect to the 9FGV100x device. Top right should turn green.f.Click to write all settings to the 9FGV100x device.g.It should now be possible to measure clocks on outputs.h.While connected, each change to the settings will be written to the 9FGV100x immediately and can be observed at the clock outputs.9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User Guide Schematics9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User Guide Figure 6. 9FGV100x Evaluation Board Schematic – page 29FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User Guide Figure 7. 9FGV100x Evaluation Board Schematic – page 39FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User Guide Figure 8. 9FGV100x Evaluation Board Schematic – page 410©2018 Integrated Device Technology, Inc.March 1, 2018DISCLAIMER Integrated Device Technology, Inc. (IDT) and its affiliated companies (herein referred to as “IDT”) reserve the right to modify the products and/or specifications described herein at any time,without notice, at IDT’s sole discretion. Performance specifications and operating parameters of the described products are determined in an independent state and are not guaranteed to perform the same way when installed in customer products. The information contained herein is provided without representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, including, but not limited to, the suitability of IDT's products for any particular purpose, an implied warranty of merchantability, or non-infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. This document is presented only as a guide and does not convey any license under intellectual property rights of IDT or any third parties.IDT's products are not intended for use in applications involving extreme environmental conditions or in life support systems or similar devices where the failure or malfunction of an IDT product can be rea-sonably expected to significantly affect the health or safety of users. Anyone using an IDT product in such a manner does so at their own risk, absent an express, written agreement by IDT.Integrated Device Technology, IDT and the IDT logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of IDT and its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Other trademarks used herein are the property of IDT or their respective third party owners. For datasheet type definitions and a glossary of common terms, visit /go/glossary . Integrated Device Technology, Inc.. All rights reserved.Tech Support/go/supportSales 1-800-345-7015 or 408-284-8200 Fax: /go/sales Corporate Headquarters 6024 Silver Creek Valley RoadSan Jose, CA 95138 USA 9FGV1001, 9FGV1002, and 9FGV1004 PhiClock™ PCIe Evaluation Board User GuideOrdering InformationRevision History Orderable Part NumberDescriptionEVK9FGV1001Evaluation board with all differential outputs AC coupled.EVK9FGV1002EVK9FGV1004Revision DateDescription of ChangeMarch 1, 2018Initial release.EVK9FGV1001EVK9FGV1002EVK9FGV1004。
2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟考试数学试题(空间向量与立体几何 直线与圆 圆锥曲线)含解析
2024-2025学年高二数学上学期期中模拟卷（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
4．测试范围：人教A 版2019选择性必修第一册全册（空间向量与立体几何+直线与圆+圆锥曲线）。
5．难度系数：0.60。
第一部分（选择题共58分）一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1310y --=的倾斜角为（）A ．30oB ．135C ．60oD ．150【答案】A【解析】因为该直线的斜率为3，所以它的倾斜角为30o .故选A.2．在四面体OABC 中，OA a = ，OB b = ，OC c = ，G 为ABC V 的重心，P 在OG 上，且12OP PG = ，则AP =（）A ．211999a b c-++ B ．811999a b c--C ．811999a b c-++D ．211999a b c--【答案】C【解析】延长BG 交AC 于点D ，则点D 为AC 的中点，因为12OP PG = ，所以13OP OG =，所以()1133AP OP OA OG OA OB BG OA =-=-=+- ，所以()1121233339AP OB BD OA OB OD OB OA =+⨯-=+-- ，所以()121118992999AP OB OA OC OA OB OC OA =+⨯+-=+- ，因为OA a = ，OB b =，OC c = ，所以811999AP a b c =-++ ，故选C.3．“3m =-”是“直线()1:1210l m x y +++=与直线2:310l x my ++=平行”的（）A ．充要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充分不必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A【解析】当3m =-时，直线11:02l x y --=与21:03l x y -+=平行；当直线()1:1210l m x y +++=与直线2:310l x my ++=平行时，有()1230m m +-⨯=且1210m ⨯-⋅≠，解得3m =-，故“3m =-”是“直线()1:1210l m x y +++=与直线2:310l x my ++=平行”的充要条件.故选A.4．直线:10l x y -+=与圆22:230C x y x +--=交于,A B 两点，则AOB V 的面积为（）A 3B ．2C ．22D ．32【答案】B【解析】如图，由圆22:230C x y x +--=配方得，22(1)4x y -+=，知圆心为(1,0)C ,半径为2，过点(1,0)C 作CD AB ⊥于D ，由(1,0)C 到直线:10l x y -+=的距离为2||22CD =,则22||2||22(2)22AB AD ==-=,故AOB V 的面积为11||||222222AB CD ⋅=⨯=.故选B.5．双曲线()2222:10,0x y C a b a b-=>>的一条渐近线为3y x =，则C 的离心率为（）A 2B 3C ．2D ．4【答案】C【解析】由双曲线方程易知C 的渐近线为b y x a =±，所以b a2e ==.故选C.6．已知椭圆E ：22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>的右焦点为()3,0F ，过点F 的直线交椭圆E 于,A B 两点，若AB 的中点坐标为(1,1)-，则椭圆E 的方程为（）A ．221189x y +=B ．2212718x y +=C ．2213627x y +=D ．2214536x y +=【答案】A【解析】不妨设1,1,2,2，所以22112222222211x y a b x y a b ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩，两式相减可得2222122122220x x y y a a b b -+-=，整理可得()()2121221212b x x y y x x a y y +-=--+，根据题意可知直线AB 的斜率为()011312--=-，由AB 的中点坐标为(1,1)-可得12122,2x x y y +=+=-；因此()()222121222212122122b x x y y b b x x a y y a a +-=-=-==-+-，可得222a b =，又焦点为()3,0F 可得2229a b c -==，解得229,18b a ==；所以椭圆E 的方程为221189x y +=.故选A.7．已知直线1:50l ax y -+=与直线2:40()l x ay a a +-+=∈R 的交点为P ，则点P 到直线:3l y x =-距离的取值范围是（）A．B．C．D．【答案】D【解析】直线1l ，2l 分别过定点(0,5)A ，(4,1)B -，且互相垂直，所以点P 的轨迹是以AB 为直径的圆（不含点()0,1），这个圆的圆心坐标为()2,3-，半径为圆心到直线l距离为d =圆上的点到直线l 距离最大值为(0,1)，因此取值范围是.故选D.8．已知抛物线2:2(0)C y px p =>的焦点为F ，点,,(2,2)M N A 在抛物线C 上，0AM AN k k +=，其中1AM k >，则|sin sin |FMN FNM ∠-∠的最大值为（）ABCD 【答案】B【解析】点(2,2)A 在抛物线C 上，把点(2,2)A 代入2:2(0)C y px p =>中得2222p =⋅，则1p =，所以抛物线为2:2C y x =，直线()():221AM y k x k -=->，与抛物线方程联立可得，2244ky y k -+-0=，则442M k y k -⋅=，则22M ky k-=，0AM AN k k +=，则AN k k =-，所以用k -替换可得22N k y k+=-，则2222M N M NMN N M M Ny y y y k y y x x --===--212M N y y =-+，则()222122,k k M k k ⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，故()222122,k k N k k ⎛⎫++ ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭，直线22:k MN y k --=()222112k x k ⎡⎤---⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦，即21112y x k =-+-，则点F 到直线MN的距离21)d k ==>，()()222221218M N k k x x kkk -+--=-=，()()()2222224412121M N k k k x x k k k--+=⋅=，()()222222212144M N k k k x x k k k -+++=+，而1111sin sin 1122M N FMN FNM dd FM FN x x ∠-∠=-=-=++()2342321125241624M N M N M N x x k d k k x x x x -=-++++44554k k kkk --=⎝⎭，令45=-t k k，因为1k >，所以451t k k =->，故211sin sin 16168t FMN FNM t t t ∠-∠⋅⋅⋅++当且仅当()161)t t t=>，即4t =时等号成立，故选：B ．二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分．9．如图，在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，12,1AB AD AA ===，点M 为线段11B D 上动点（包括端点），则下列结论正确的是（）A ．当点M 为11B D 中点时，1C M ⊥平面11BBD DB ．当点M 为11B D 中点时，直线DM 与直线BC 所角的余弦值为23C ．当点M 在线段11BD 上运动时，三棱锥1C BDM -的体积是定值D ．点M 到直线1BC 距离的最小值为63【答案】ACD【解析】在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，以点D 为原点建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系，则111(0,0,0),(2,2,0),(0,2,0),(0,2,1),(0,0,1),(2,2,1)D B C C D B ，设(,,1),02M t t t ≤≤，对于A ，1t =，(1,1,1)M ，1(1,1,0)MC =- ，1(0,0,1),(2,2,0)DD DB ==，1110,0MC DD MC DB ⋅=⋅=，即111,MC DD MC DB ⊥⊥，而11,,DD DB D DD DB =⊂ 平面11BB D D ，因此1C M ⊥平面11BB D D ，A 正确；对于B ，(1,1,1),(2,0,0)DM BC ==-，1cos ,3||||DM BC MC BC DM BC ⋅〈〉===，B 错误；对于C ，由选项A 知，点1C 到平面11BB D DBDM的面积112BD DD ⋅=因此三棱锥1C BDM -的体积23是定值，C 正确；对于D ，11(2,0,1),(,2,0)BC C M t t =-=-，则点M 到直线1BC的距离d ==53t =时取等号，D 正确.故选ACD10．在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知圆221:(1)2C x y -+=的动弦AB，圆2228C :(x a )(y -+=，则下列选项正确的是（）A ．当圆1C 和圆2C 存在公共点时，则实数a 的取值范围为[3,5]-B ．1ABC 的面积最大值为1C ．若原点O 始终在动弦AB 上，则OA OB ⋅不是定值D ．若动点P 满足四边形OAPB 为矩形，则点P的轨迹长度为【答案】ABD【解析】对于A ，圆221:(1)2C x y -+=的圆心为1,02228C :(x a )(y -+=的圆心为(a，半径为1C 和圆2C存在公共点时，12C C ≤≤2(1)a ≤-≤35a -≤≤，所以实数a 的取值范围为[3,5]-，正确；对于B ，1ABC 的面积为1111sin sin 12ABC S AC B AC B =∠=∠≤ ，当1π2AC B ∠=时，1ABC 的面积有最大值为1，正确；对于C ，当弦AB 垂直x 轴时，()()0,1,0,1A B -，所以()0111OA OB ⋅=+⨯-=-，当弦AB 不垂直x 轴时，设弦AB 所在直线为y kx =，与圆221:(1)2C x y -+=联立得，()221210k x x +--=，设1122()A x y B x y ,,(,)，则12211x x k -=+，()()2221212121212211111OA OB x x y y x x k x x k x x k k -⋅=+=+=+=+⨯=-+ ，综上1OA OB ⋅=- ，恒为定值，错误；对于D ，设0,0，OP 中点00,22x y ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，该点也是AB 中点，且AB OP =，又AB =，所以()220013x y -+=，所以点P 的轨迹为以1,0，正确.故选ABD.11．如图，曲线C 是一条“双纽线”，其C 上的点满足：到点()12,0F -与到点()22,0F 的距离之积为4，则下列结论正确的是（）A ．点()D 在曲线C 上B ．点(),1(0)M x x >在C 上，则1MF =C ．点Q 在椭圆22162x y+=上，若12F Q F Q ⊥，则Q C∈D ．过2F 作x 轴的垂线交C 于,A B 两点，则2AB <【答案】ACD【解析】对选项A ，因为()()12224DF DF =+=，由定义知D C ∈，故A 正确；对选项B ，点(),1(0)M x x >在C 上，则124MF MF ==，化简得42690x x -+=，所以x =，1MF =B 错误；对选项C ，椭圆22162x y +=上的焦点坐标恰好为()12,0F -与()22,0F ，则12FQ F Q +=12F Q F Q ⊥，所以221216F Q F Q +=，故()()22212121242F Q F Q F Q F Q F Q F Q +-+⋅==，所以Q C ∈，C 正确；对选项D ，设()2,A y ，则2AB y =，因为A C ∈，则14AF y=，又22116AF y =+，所以221616y y=+，化简得4216160y y +-=，故28y =，所以2190y -=<，故y <1，所以2AB <，故D 正确，故选ACD.第二部分（非选择题共92分）三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分．12．如图，在正三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，1AB =，12AA =，D 为1B B 的中点，则异面直线1A B 与1C D 所成角的余弦值为．【答案】4【解析】以A 为坐标原点，在平面ABC 内作垂直于AC 的直线Ax 为x 轴，AC 为y 轴，1AA 为z 轴，建立空间直角坐标系A xyz -，如图所示：则()10,0,2A，1,02B ⎫⎪⎪⎝⎭，()10,1,2C，1,12D ⎫⎪⎪⎝⎭，所以11,22A B ⎫=-⎪⎪⎝⎭，11,12C D ⎫=--⎪⎪⎝⎭，所以11111152cos ,4A B C D A B C D A B C D⋅<==>，则直线1A B 与1C D 所成角的余弦值为104，故答案为：10413．已知圆C ：()()22114x y ++-=，若直线5y kx =+上总存在点P ，使得过点P 的圆C 的两条切线夹角为60o ，则实数k 的取值范围是【答案】0k ≥或815k ≤-．【解析】圆()()22:114C x y ++-=，则圆心为()1,1C -，半径2r =，设两切点为,A B ，则PA PB =，因为60APB ∠=o ，在Rt PAC △中1302APC APB ∠=∠=o ，2AC r ==，所以||4PC =,因此只要直线l 上存在点P ，使得4PC =即可满足题意．圆心(1,1)C -，所以圆心到直线的距离4d =≤，解得0k ≥或815k ≤-．故答案为：0k ≥或815k ≤-．14．已知O 为坐标原点，双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的左､右焦点分别为12,F F ，点M 在以2F 为圆心､2OF 为半径的圆上，且直线1MF 与圆2F 相切，若直线1MF 与C 的一条渐近线交于点N ，且1F M MN =，则C 的离心率为.【答案】2【解析】不妨设点M 在第一象限，连接2F M ，则212,F M NF F M c ⊥=，故1F M ==，1230MF F ∠=o，设()00,N x y ，因为1F M MN =，所以M 为1NF 的中点，112NF F M ==，故0y =.0sin30,cos302x c c ==⋅-= ，将()2N c 代入b y x a =中，故b a2c e a ===.故答案为：2.四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．15．（13分）已知(3,1),(1,2),A B ACB -∠的平分线所在的直线的方程为1y x =+．(1)求AB 的中垂线方程；(2)求AC 的直线方程．【解析】（1）AB 的中点坐标为31123,1,222-+⎛⎫⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，又211134ABk -==---，-----------------------------2分故AB 的中垂线斜率为4，---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4分故AB 的中垂线方程为()3412y x -=-，即8250x y --=；----------------------------------------------------6分（2）由对称性可知，()1,2B -关于1y x =+的对称点(),D s t 在直线AC 上，故21121122t s t s -⎧=-⎪⎪+⎨+-⎪=+⎪⎩，-----9分解得10s t =⎧⎨=⎩，故()1,0D ，-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11分故直线AC 的方程为130113y x --=--，即210x y --=.---------------------------------------------------------13分16．（15分）已知圆C 的方程为：()()22314x y -++=．(1)若直线:0l x y a -+=与圆C 相交于A 、B 两点，且22AB =，求实数a 的值；(2)过点()1,2M 作圆C 的切线，求切线方程．【解析】（1）圆C 的方程为：22(3)(1)4x y -++=，则圆C 的圆心为(3,1)-，半径为2，--------------2分直线:0l x y a -+=与圆C 相交于A 、B两点，且||AB =----------4分解得2a =-或6-；--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6分（2）当切线的斜率不存在时，直线1x =，与圆C 相切，-------------------------------------------------------8分切线的斜率存在时，可设切线为2(1)y k x -=-，即20kx y k --+=，---------------------------------------9分2，解得512k =-，---------------------------------------------------------13分故切线方程为512290x y +-=，综上所述，切线方程为1x =或512290x y +-=．-------------------------15分17．（15分）如图，在圆锥PO 中，AC 为圆锥底面的直径，B 为底面圆周上一点，点D 在线段BC 上，26AC AB ==，2CD DB =.(1)证明：AD ⊥平面BOP ；(2)若圆锥PO 的侧面积为18π，求二面角O BP A --的余弦值.【解析】（1）PO ⊥ 平面,ABC BA BC ⊥，故以B 为坐标原点，BA 为x 轴正方向，BC 为y 轴正方向，与OP同向的方向为z 轴正方向建立空间直角坐标系.设OP x =，故()()0,0,0,3,0,0B A，()33,,,22O P x D ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，-----------------------------------------------------------2分()AD =-，33,,0,,,2222BO BP x ⎛⎫⎛⎫== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.33333330,302222AD BO AD BP ⋅=-⨯⨯=⋅=-⨯⨯= .-------------------------------5分故,AD BO AD BP ⊥⊥，,,BP BO B BP BO ⋂=⊂ 平面BOP ，AD ∴⊥平面BOP .---------7分（2） 圆锥PO 的侧面积3π18π,6S PA PA =⨯=∴=，OP x ∴===由（1）可知，()AD =-为平面BOP 的法向量，---------------------------------------------------------8分设平面ABP 的法向量为(),,m a b c =，而()3,0,0BA =，3,22BP ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，故303022m BA a m BP a b ⎧⋅==⎪⎨⋅=++=⎪⎩，令1c =-得()0,2,1m =- ，-----------------------------------------------12分则5cos<,5m AD m AD m AD-⨯+⨯-⋅====⋅>，所以二面角O BP A --分18．（17分）已知双曲线C 和椭圆2214x y +=有公共焦点，且离心率e =．(1)求双曲线C 的方程；(2)过点()2,1P 作两条相互垂直的直线,PM PN 分别交双曲线C 于不同于点P 的M N 、两点，求点P 到直线MN 距离的最大值．【解析】（1）因为椭圆2214x y +=的焦点在x 轴上，所以双曲线C的c ==，又因为c e a ==，所以1a b =，所以双曲线C 的方程为2212x y -=.---------------------------------------5分（2）当直线MN 的斜率不存在时，设()()000,0M x y y >，则()00,N x y -，()()00002,1,2,1PM x y PN x y =--=---，依题意()()00002,12,10PM PN x y x y ⋅=--⋅---= ，()()2200210x y ---=，即22000450x x y --+=，由2200022004512x x y x y ⎧--+=⎪⎨-=⎪⎩解得006x y =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩0021x y =⎧⎨=⎩（舍去），所以((,6,M N ，此时P 到直线MN 的距离为624-=.------------------------------------------------------------------------------8分当直线MN 的斜率存在时，设()()1122,,,M x y N x y ，设直线MN 的方程为y kx m =+.由2212y kx m x y =+⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩消去y 并化简得：()222214220k x kmx m -+++=，()()22222222Δ164212216880,210k m k m k m m k =--+=-++>-+>①，2121222422,2121km m x x x x k k -++==--，------------------------------------------------------------------------------10分依题意()()11222,12,10PM PN x y x y ⋅=----=，所以()()()()()()()()1212121222112211x x y y x x kx m kx m --+--=--++-+-()()()2212121225k x x km k x x m m =++--++-+()()22222224122502121m km k km k m m k k +-=+⋅+--⋅+-+=--，整理得22812230m km k m +++-=，即()()21630m k m k +-++=，由于P ∉直线MN ，12k m ≠+，所以630,63m k m k ++==--，函数()2226321343610y k k k k =---+=-+的开口向上，判别式为()2364341012961360640--⨯⨯=-=-<，故①成立.所以直线MN 的方程为63y kx k =--，即630kx y k ---=，------------------------------------------------------------------------------13分所以P 到MN的距离d ==22221221411d k k k k k ++⎛⎫==+ ⎪++⎝⎭，当0k ≤时，22111k k +≤+；当0k >时222111211k k k k +=+≤+=++，当且仅当1,1k k k ==时等号成立.所以22,44d d d ⎛⎫≤≤≤ ⎪⎝⎭综上所述，点P 到直线MN的距离的最大值为分19．（17分）已知F 为椭圆C ：()222210+=>>x y a b a b的左焦点，椭圆C过点(P ，且直线PF的斜率为.(1)求椭圆C 的方程；(2)若点()11,M x y ，()22,N x y 在椭圆C 上，且90MFN ∠=︒，过M ，N 分别作椭圆C 的切线1l ，2l ，1l 与2l相交于点Q.（i）求点Q的轨迹方程；（ii）求PQF△周长的最小值.【解析】（1）由题意得，直线PF的方程为()224y x=-，即20x-+=，当0y=时，2x=-，故2c=，由224214a a+=-解得28a=或22a=（舍去），椭圆C的方程22184x y+=.------------------------------------------------------------------------------3分（2）（i）设直线MN：x my t=+，()00,Q x y，1,1，2,2，与C联立()22222228028x my tm y mty tx y=+⎧⇒+++-=⎨+=⎩，所以12222mty ym+=-+，212282ty ym-=+，------------------------------------------------------------------------------5分由90MFN∠=︒可得()()()()()()22121212122201220x x y y m y y m t y y t+++=⇔++++++=()()()()()222221822220m t m t t t m⇔+--++++=；化简可得223840t t m+-=①--------------------7分设1l的方程为()11y y k x x-=-，即()11y kx y kx=+-，与C联立()()()()2222211111128124280x yk x k y kx x y kxy kx y kx⎧+=⎪⇒++-+--=⎨=+-⎪⎩，令()()()22221111Δ1681240k y kx k y kx⎡⎤=--+--=⎣⎦，结合221128x y+=，解得112xky=-，所以切线方程为()11112xy x x yy=--+，即直线1l方程为：11184x x y y+=，k不存在时也满足此直线方程，同理可得2l方程为：22184x x y y +=，由Q 在直线1l ，2l 上，则10102020184184x x y y x x y y ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩，即1,1，2,2在直线00184x x y y +=上，所以直线MN 方程为：00184x x y y +=，即00028y x y x x =-+②，由①②可得()20043y x =+，00x =时也满足此方程，所以Q 的轨迹方程为()243y x =+.-------------------------------------------------------------14分（ii ）由（i ）可知Q 在以()2,0F -为焦点，以4x =-为准线的抛物线上，过,P Q 分别向直线4x =-作垂线，垂足分别为P '，Q '，由抛物线定义可得：6PQ PF QF PQ QQ PF PP PF ++=+++='≥+'当且仅当P ，Q ，Q '共线时取等，所以PQF△周长的最小值为6+分。
Ashcroft A-Series 微型压力开关说明书
FEATURES:•Compact size•316 stainless steel construction •Pressure ranges from vacuum to 7500 psi•Field adjustable setpoint or factory set only•Wide operating temperature range (-40°C to 100°C)•Precision snap-acting micro switch element •SPDT or DPDT switching •UL,CSA listed models •CRN models available •CE and ROHS compliant •SIL 3 capableAshcroft A-Series miniaturepressure switches are designed for tough applications where conventional pressure switch designs often don’t measure up. A rugged all 316 SS IP67enclosure gives uncompromising protection over a wide temperature range for the most demanding applications.*UL listing is pendingSIL 3 CAPABLEBULLETIN SW-AWTAshcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614 USA Tel: 203-378-8281 • Fax: 203-385-0408email:*****************•All specifications are subject to change without notice. All sales subject to standard terms and conditions.© 2013 Ashcroft Inc. 07/13A-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesLOOK FOR THESE MARKS ON OUR PRODUCTSCutaway view of switch assembly with welded SS diaphragmMICRO-SWITCHCIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLYDIAPHRAGMSPRING GUIDEA rugged 316 SS enclosure gives uncompro-mising protection. Materials of construction have been selected for long life. Precision snap acting micro switches are featured and fully encased to prevent moisture from corroding switch contacts. The switch, depending on range, is either an all welded 316 stainless steel diaphragm sealedpiston design or a direct acting piston design sealed with a Buna-N or Viton O-ring.Applications include:Offshore oil rigs-where stainless steel construction and small size is desirable.Chemical and petrochemical plants-where small size and corrosion resistance construction is important.Pulp and paper mills-where corrosion resistance and sealed contacts extend life.Special equipment such as autoclaves and sterilizers-where special connections are needed.Rail and heavy vehicle hydraulic and pneumatic braking applications-where small size is an advantage and long life is required.Other special machinery and equipment applications-where small size and high performance is a must.Cutaway view of switchassembly with SS pistonMICRO-SWITCHCIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLYO-RINGSPRING GUIDEᕢSELECTION GUIDEBefore selecting a switch model the f ollowing should be considered:Actuator:The actuator responds to changes in pressure and operates the micro switch element in response to these changes. The actuator is normallyexposed to the process media and must be chem-ically compatible with it. There are three types of actuators available for the A-Series switches –all welded 316 SS diaphragm sealed piston; 316 SS piston with Viton O-ring seal; and 316 SS piston with Buna-N O-ring seal. The 316 SS diaphragm is available in ranges from –15/15 psi to 200 psi. The 316 SS piston is available in ranges from 100 psi to 7,500 psi. Switches offered in 100 psi and 200 psi can be ordered with either the piston or diaphragm design. The piston design will have a longermechanical life, while the diaphragm design has a better operating temperature.The piston design is more reliable than a diaphragm design when subjected to frequent large pressure excursions, pressure surges and spikes associated with typical hydraulic applica-tions. Piston designs are typically used when the switch is used as low pressure alarm or cutoff where the normal working pressure is above the nominal range of the switch.The Switching Function:Most applications for alarm, shutdown and interlock are satisfied by the standardA-Series switches which feature single setpoint fixed deadband. For pump, compressor and other control applications, the dead-band becomes a very important c onsideration and may requireincreasing the range of the switch to increase thedeadband. Please consult your Ashcroft represen-tative for assistance with special applications.The Micro Switch Element:The micro switch element must be chosen to meet the electrical load requirement to be switched.The switches are offered as either SPDT (single pole double throw) or DPDT (double pole double throw). The DPDT switch is made up of two SPDT switches which are adjusted to work together by Ashcroft’s patent pending Circuit Board Rotation Design. DPDT switching is not available on diaphragm designs below 100 psi, with Spade terminals or the Micro DIN connector.Understanding Setpoints and Reset Points:Pressure switches can be set to switch on either increasing (rising) or decreasing pressures. Since the switches have both Normally Open (NO) con-tacts and Normally Closed (NC) contacts you can wire the switch to open or close for either an increasing or decreasing pressure. To be consis-tent in setting the switches Ashcroft defines the setpoints as follows. For an increasing setpoint,the pressure is increased from 0 psi to the set point and then decreased to the reset point. For a decreasing setpoint, the pressure is increased to full range and then decreased to the setpoint and then increased to the resetpoint.Custom Applications:The A-series switch is designed to allow custom process connections and electrical terminations. Please consult your Ashcroft representative for assistance with custom applications.ᕣA-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesAVAILABLE PRESSURE CONNECTIONSAVAILABLE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS1/8 or1/4 MALE NPT18 AWG WIRE LEADS1/2 NPT CONDUIT CONNECTORWITH 18 AWG WIRE LEADSSPADE TERMINAL 4-0.187 MALE TERMINALSHIRSCHMANNMICRO-DIN CONNECTOR43650 FORM CDPDT 18 AWG LEADS1/8 or1/4FEMALE NPT7/16 ˝-20 SAE3/4 ˝, 1.5˝ or 2.0˝SANITARYVCR or VCOᕤRANGESETPOINT REPEATABILITYSETPOINT ADJUSTABILITYDEADBAND (DB)psi bar kg/cm kPa psi bar, kg/cm kPa psi bar, kg/cm kpa psi bar, kg/cm kPa–15/15–1/1–100/100±0.6±.04±4–15/15–1/1–100/1001-5.07-.357-35 302200±0.6±.04±46-30.4-24-2001-5.07-.357-35604400±1.2±.08±88-60.6-460-4002-10.14-.7014-701007700±2±.14±1410-100.7-770-7003-15.2-1.020-100200141400±4±.28±2820-200 1.4-1.4140-14003-30.2-2.020-2001007700±2±.14±1420-100 1.4-7140-7003-15.2-1.020-100200141400±4±.28±2840-200 2.8-1.4280-14003-30.2-2.020-200500353500±10±.70±7050-500 3.5-35350-350020-100 1.4-7.0140-7001000707000±20±1.40±140100-10007-70700-700025-150 1.7-10170-1000200014014000±40±2.8±280200-200014-1401400-140030-3002-20200-2000500035035000±100±7.0±700500-500035-3503500-3500075-7505-50500-5000750050050000±150±10±1000750-750050-5005000-50000110-11007.5-75750-7500ELECTRICMATERIAL & TEMPERATUREPROOF PRESSURESwitch Electric Actuator MaterialTemperature Ranges (Material)Codeon LabelSealRangelisted in psipsibar kg/cm 2kPa1P, 2P 3A 125Vac; 2A, 30Vdc SSS –40-100C up to 200(S)10007070001H, 2H 5A 125/250Vac; 5A, 28Vdc B (Ranges 100#, 200#)SS, BUNA –28-100C 100-200 (B, V)200014014001G, 2G 0.1A 125Vac; 0.1A 30Vdc B (Ranges 500# to 7500#)SS, BUNA –40-100C500-2000 (B, V)8000550550001L, 2L1A 125Vac; 1A 28VdcVSS, BUNA–20-100C 5000-7500 (B, V)150001000100000SPECIFICATIONS:Setpoint:Factory set or field adjustable Setpointrepeatability:±2% of range(Additional setpoint shift of ±2% of range per 40°F from initial setpoint set at 70°F typical)Vibration:Passed MIL-STD-202G Shock:75G’s 10 milliseconds 3 axis Piston:Stainless steel with Viton or Buna-N O-ring Mechanical life piston design:>1,000,000 operations typical Diaphragm:316L SS Mechanical life diaphragm design:>400,000 operations typicalEnclosurematerial:316L SS Enclosure rating:NEMA 6, IP 67Pressure connection:1⁄8NPTF, 1⁄4NPTF, 1⁄4NPTM, 1⁄8NPTM, 7/16-20 SAE M, VCR, VCO, 3⁄4˝ Tri-Clamp , 1.5˝ Tri-Clover ,2.0˝ Tri-Clover , G 1⁄4B, G 1⁄4A Type E Stub endElectrical output:SPDT, or DPDT 5A or 3A 120VAC, 2A @ 30 VDC, gold contacts available Electrical termination:Wire leads, spade terminals or custom cables, 1⁄2NPT conduit c onnec-tion with wire leads, Micro DIN with and without mating connectorApprovals:CRN: OF 14836.5C, CSA: 2454057 (LR55528), UL: E34743, CE, ROHSD I A P H R A G MP I S T O N Tri-Clover is a registered trademark of Alfa Laval Tri-Clamp is a registered trademark of Ladish Co.ᕥRanges (Material) listed in psipsibar, kg/cm 2kPaUp to 200 (S)>9500>655>65,500100-200 (B,V)>10,000>700>70,000500-2000 (B,V)>30,000>2100>210,0005000-7500 (B,V)>50,000>3500>350,000CONFIGURATIONMAX. WORKING PRESSURE “MWP”PROOF PRESSURE “PROOF”RANGES (psi)w/SEALpsibar, kg/cm2kPa MPapsibar kg/cm 2kPaup to 200S 800555500 5.51000707000100-200 B or V 2000140140014200014014000500-2000 B or V 500035035000358000550550005000-7500B or V100007007000070150001000100000A-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesAPS – Pressure switch, single setpoint, fixed dead-band, factory set, not field adjustableAPA – Pressure switch, single setpoint, fixed dead-band, field adjustableN4– Watertight 316 SS bodyCode1Single Switch –SPDT2Dual Switch –DPDT (not available with “S”actuator with <100 psi range)CodeDescription011⁄8NPT Male 021⁄4NPT Male 031⁄8NPT Female*12G 1⁄4 A (Type E Stud End)13G 1⁄4 B 251⁄4NPT Female*057⁄16-20 SAE Male 06VCR Fixed*07VCO Fixed*750.75˝ Tri-Clamp connection (includes 3A Approval)†15 1.5˝ Tri-Clover connection (includes 3A Approval)†202.0˝ Tri-Clover connection (includes 3A Approval)†5 characters maximum representing setpoint of the switch in the same units as the range of the switch. For setpoints in Vacuum specify as “– ”pressure.CodeDescriptionXC4Individual certified calibration chart XFP Fungus proofingXMQ Positive Material Identification (75, 15 & 20 process conn. only)XNC 2 wire leads with ground wire –wired for normally closed operationXNO 2 wire leads with ground wire –wired for normally open operation XNH Stainless Steel Tag XNN Paper TagX6BCleaned for Oxygen serviceCodeB 316 SS piston & Buna O-ring, ranges ≥100 psi V 316 SS piston & Viton O-ring, ranges ≥100 psi S 316 SS welded Diaphragm, ranges ≤200 psiCode012C‡½ NPT male conduit connection with18 AWG ˜wires 12˝ length000H Micro DIN Connector – Watertight DIN 43650**FORM C cable socket without mating connector Not available with DPDT switching00MH Micro DIN Connector – Watertight DIN 43650**FORM C cable socket with mating connector Not available with DPDT switching012L‡Wire leads, 3-18 AWG PVC insulated wires12˝ length000N Nonstandard, customer specified see# variation000T Spade terminals, 4 - 0.187˝ male spadeNot available with DPDT switchingActuatorpsiBarkPaKg/cm 2S –15/15#–1/1BR –100/100KP –1/1KSC S 30#2BR 200KP 2KSC S 60#4BR 400KP 4KSC B, S, V 100#7BR 700KP 7KSC B, S, V 200#14BR 1400KP 14KSC B, V 500#35BR 3500KP 35KSC B, V 1000#70BR 7000KP 70KSC B, V 2000#140BR 14000KP 140KSC B, V 5000#350BR 35000KP 350KSC `B, V 7500#500BR 50000KP 500KSCCodeG Gold Contact –0.1 A @ 125 Vac, 0.1 A @ 30 VdcHHigher Current –5A @ 125/250 Vac,5A @ 28 Vdc resistive, 3A @ 28 Vdc inductiveLHigher CurrentGold Contacts –1A @125 Vac,1A @ 28 Vdc resistive, 0.5A @ 28 Vdc InductivePGeneral Purpose –3A @ 125 Vac,2A @30 VdcCodeR Rising Pressure (Increasing Pressure, Decreasing Vacuum)D Decreasing Pressure, (Increasing Vacuum)A-Series Part Number:APSN41H012CS02 30# - 15 R - X6B1. Function:2. Enclosure:3. Micro Switch:4. Electrical Connection:5. Actuator Seal:6. Pressure Connection:7. Pressure Range:8. Setpoint:9. Setpoint Direction:10. Options:HOW TO ORDER:PRESSURE CONNECTION NOTES* Available with “S” activator only.†Ranges ≤ 500 psi .SETPOINT NOTESIf no setpoint is required on an APA switch use either “NSR” or “NSD.” If direction is not known use “NSR” as the default.OPTIONS NOTE SThe X character will only appear before the first option, additional options will just be the two characters. Example: XC4NC6BIf the switch is mounted to a diaphragm seal other than (75, 15, 20 connection) the seal fill fluid is also listed as an X option.**OOOH & OOMH connection are not UL listed. They are CSA listed.ᕦ‡First three digits represent the length of the wire leads in inches. 012, 024, 048 & 072 are standard available lengths. Consult factory for custom length availability.ADDITIONAL SWITCH TERMINOLOGYAccuracy –(See repeatability) Accuracy normally refers to conformity of an indicated value to an accepted standard value. There is no indication in switch products; thus, instead, the term repeatability is used as the key performance measure. Ashcroft A-Series switch accuracy is 2% of nominal range.Automatic Reset Switch –Switch which returns to normal state when actuating variable Pressure is reduced.Adjustable or Operating Range –That part of the nominal range over which the switch setpoint may be adjusted. Normally about 10% to 100% of the nominal range for A-Series pressure switches.Burst Pressure –The maximum pressure that may be applied to a pressure switch without caus-ing leakage or rupture. This is approximately 16X of nominal range for A-Series switches. Diaphragm switches subjected to pressures above the nominal range can be permanently damaged.Deadband –The difference between the setpoint and the resetpoint, normally expressed in units of the actuating variable. Sometimes referred to as differential.Fixed Deadband –The difference between the setpoint and the resetpoint of a pressure switch. It further signifies that this deadband is a fixed func-tion of the pressure switch and not adjustable.National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) –This group has defined several cate-gories of enclosures, usually referred to as “types.”Further, they designate certain features and capa-bilities each type must include.NEMA 6 –Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protec-tion with respect to harmful effects on the equip-ment due to the ingress of water (hose directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth); and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.Normal Switch Position –Contact position before actuating pressure (or variable) is applied.Normally closed contacts open when the switch is actuated. Normally open contacts close when the switch is actuated.Normally Closed –Refers to switch contacts that are closed in the normal switch state or position (unactuated). A pressure change opens the contacts.Normally Open Switch –Refers to the contacts that are open in the normal switch state or position (unactuated). A pressure change closes the contacts.Overpressure Rating(s) –A nonspecific term that could refer to either burst or proof pressure, or both.Proof Pressure –The maximum pressure which may be applied without causing damage. This is determined under strict laboratory conditions including controlled rate of change and tempera-ture: This value is for reference only. Consult fac-tory for applications where switch must operate at pressures above nominal range or reference tem-perature (70°F).Repeatability (Accuracy) –The closeness of agreement among a number of consecutive mea-surements of the output setpoint for the samevalue of the input under the same operating condi-tions, approaching from the same direction, for full-range traverses. Ashcroft A-series switch repeata-bility is 2% of nominal range.Note:It is usually measured as non-repeatability and expressed as repeatability in percent of span or nominal range. It does not include hysteresis or deadband.Resetpoint –The resetpoint is the Pressure value where the electrical switch contacts will return to their original or normal position after the switch has activated.Setpoint –The setpoint is the Pressure value at which the electrical circuit of a switch will change state or actuate. It should be specified either on increase or decrease of that variable.Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) Switching Element –A SPDT switching element has one normally open, one normally closed, and one com-mon terminal. The switch can be wired with the cir-cuit either normally open (N/O) or normally closed (N/C). SPDT is standard with A-series switches.Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) Switching Element –Two SPDT switching elements both set to actuate or de-actuate at the same set or reset-point. Each switch one has one normally open,one normally closed, and one common terminal.The switches are independent of each other and can be wired to two independent circuits. The two circuits can either normally open (N/O) or normally closed (N/C).Snap Action –In switch terminology, snap action generally refers to the action of contacts in the switch element. These contacts open and close quickly and snap closed with sufficient pressure to firmly establish an electrical circuit. The term dis-tinguishes products from mercury bottle types that were subject to vibration problems.ᕧA-Series Miniature Watertight Pressure SwitchesCOVERROTATE LEFT <––––TO INCREASE SET POINT ROTATE RIGHT ––––>TO DECREASE SET POINT .095 OR SMALLER TOOL REQUIRED TO ROTATE NUT SLIDE COVER DOWN TO ACCESS SETPOINT ADJUSTMENT. SLIDE COVER UP TO CLOSE AND SEAL ADJUSTMENTFIELD ADJUSTABLE FACTORY SET.095 OR SMALLER TOOL REQUIRED TO ROTATE NUTSLIDE COVER DOWN TO ACCESS SETPOINT ADJUSTMENT. SLIDE COVER UP TO CLOSE AND SEAL ADJUSTMENTFIELD ADJUSTABLEDIMENSIONS:CodeDescriptionDim. CDim. D011/8 NPT Male 0.450.41021/4 NPT Male 0.560.54031/8 NPT Female 0.750.65041/4 NPT Female 0.920.75057/16-20SAE 0.560.4406VCR Fixed Male 0.580.5607VCO Fixed Male 0.470.5615 1.5˝ Tri-Clamp Seal 1.23 1.9920 2.0˝ Tri-Clamp Seal 1.23 2.49753/4˝ Fractional Seal1.100.96DescriptionDim. B1H, 2H, 1L, 2L 1.031P, 2P, 1G, 2G 0.90DescriptionDim. AAPS (Factory Set) 1.06APA (Field Adjustable)1.64MICRO DIN (000H) NO CONN.(001H) WITH CONN.SPADE TERMINALS(000T)1.07.60.591.37.34.41MATINGCONNECTOR1/ NPT CONDUIT (XXXC)XXX = WIRE LENGTH (in.)WIRE LEAD (XXXL) CONNECTION WITH DUAL SWITCH SHOWNXXX = WIRE LENTH (in.)ØSIL 3 CAPABLEBULLETIN SW-AWTAshcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614 USA Tel: 203-378-8281 • Fax: 203-385-0408email:*****************•All specifications are subject to change without notice. All sales subject to standard terms and conditions. © 2013 Ashcroft Inc. 7/13LOOK FOR THESE MARKS ON OUR PRODUCTS。
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养个高智商宝宝并不难，做到这些就成功99%
了
在生活中，口才好的人总是备受欢迎和青睐。
除了语言表达更生动得体，他们的智商和情商也普遍偏高。
不过，没有人天生就能拥有好口才，都是靠后天训练培养而成。
如果你还认为反正宝宝迟早能学会说话，不必刻意对他进行语言能力的开发和训练，那你可能正在错失让宝宝变聪明的机会！
早说话的宝宝更聪明
德国慕尼黑大学的一位语言学家做了一项试验，他将200个情况相仿的孩子平均分成两组，A组孩子的父母按照原本的习惯与孩子相处，B组孩子的父母在专家指导下加强了与孩子的交流。
试验持续到孩子们上了小学，测试后发现，B 组孩子的语言表达能力和智商明显高于A组孩子。
英国的生理学家也做过类似的试验，经过对4万名不同地
区和性别的孩子进行长期追踪调查，得出了一样的结论：从婴儿期开始就与父母有更多交流的孩子，在心理素质和智力方面都高于常人。
原来如此！我们这些做爸妈的，每天担心宝宝输在起跑线上，送他们去各种亲子早教班学习。
殊不知，为宝宝开启智慧之门的金钥匙就掌握在我们自己手中！
诸多试验证明，越早说话，孩子的表达能力、思维能力和想象能力越强。
所以，尽早对孩子进行语言训练的意义不仅限于教会孩子说话，更重要的是引领和提升孩子的智力发育。
宝宝在6岁以前都拥有超强的语言学习能力，抓住这个黄金期，让宝宝在语言训练的过程中越变越聪明吧！
语言交流呵护宝宝心理健康
爸爸妈妈对宝宝健康的关注，往往被一目了然的身体发育所吸引，其实宝宝看不见摸不着的心理发育更应受到重视。
宝宝学习语言的过程，其实也为心理的发育做好了重要的铺垫，这一点你也许没想到吧？
①宝宝掌握语言后能够更准确地表达自己的想法、感情和诉求，畅快地交流思想。
在此之前，他只能用哭闹和动作来传达，思想和精神世界无法顺利敞开，发展受到限制。
②宝宝不会说话时，家长只能通过强行阻止来干涉他的不当行为；而对于会说话的宝宝，通过语言交流即可让他认识到危险性，令他对自己的行为进行及时的调整和控制，并逐渐从自觉发展到自律。
③有一天，《十万个为什么》会成为宝爸宝妈的工具书，因为宝宝突然进入“为什么”提问爆发期，这也是人一生中求
知欲最强烈的阶段，语言作为媒介打开了宝宝学习和探索的欲望。
④当宝宝无论见到黑猫、白猫或是HelloKitty形象时都能知道它们是“猫”，说明他已经认识了事物的本质属性，并会用语言来进行概括了，懂得总结规律，是宝宝思维方式晋级的一个标志。
⑤宝宝可以通过语言交流了解和学习到无形的观念和品质，让自己获得自信、变得优秀，同时家长也能通过语言来指导和矫正宝宝的一些不良心态或品质，让宝宝的心理发育更健康。
陪宝宝在语言宫殿里打怪升级吧
语言交流分为“听”“说”两部分，宝宝开口说话需要具备理解能力和表达能力，而且理解早于表达，所以不要无视还不会说话的宝宝，坚持与他多交流，就是帮助他开发语言能力
和智力的最好方法。
0～3个月：啼哭期
语言特点：对声音表示出兴趣，能够分辨出妈妈的声音；用啼哭表达各种意图，同时自己可以发出简单的声音。
交流方式：多体会宝宝的语言和意图，积极给予回应，同时用拥抱、语言和注视鼓励宝宝发声。
3个月～6个月：积累期
语言特点：喜欢听音乐，并且能够分辨出自己的名字；已经会模仿和练习发音，说出一些自己并不理解的叠词。
交流方式：选购可以发声或带音乐的玩具；发现宝宝在模仿发音时多给他做示范；将正在进行的事情讲给宝宝听，让他结合实际情景了解语言内容。
6个月～9个月：准备期
语言特点：能够辨识出熟悉的人和物的名字，并用目光寻找他们；随着理解能力的增加，会用摇头和点头来表达意愿；会为了吸引注意力而有目的地发出声音；在想要表达时发出一连串“婴语”，并积极验证自己的语言能力。
交流方式：发现宝宝对某种东西感兴趣时，准确地告诉他物品的名称，做出简单的解释，并且重复几次；宝宝注视着你发出声音时，要及时回应他，并保持互动交流；加强对话练习，通过语言将周围的环境介绍给宝宝，让他加深理解。
9个月～12个月：理解期
语言特点：已经掌握了一些肢体语言，同时也会用简单的语言表达请求或对交流作出回应，但发音不够清晰和准确。
交流方式：如果宝宝更依赖于用肢体语言表达需求，则要引导他练习说话，将肢体语言和真正的语言结合起来；用做游戏的方式教宝宝认识自己的身体；让宝宝自己拿取和挑选玩具，并跟他玩“找玩具”的游戏，让他将藏起来的玩具找出
来。
12个月～18个月：语言期
语言特点：能够理解词语的含义并正式开始说话，渐渐用语言代替肢体表达；交流意愿比较强烈，以词代句，除了能准确地说出一些单词，还会说些别人听不懂的自创语。
交流方式：让宝宝聆听不同的声音，并帮他分辨声音的来源；宝宝的表达不完整时，要及时教他没有说出来的部分；给宝宝读绘本，并结合图片向他提问或让他一起读；宝宝自言自语时要认真倾听，理解他的想法；给宝宝做出选择的机会，锻炼他表达自主意识。
18个月～2岁：增长期
语言特点：掌握的词汇量迅速增加，能够说出短句，并会尽可能地运用所知词语；能够分辨出同音不同义的词；开始
学习对话和交流，懂得等别人说完再发言；喜欢重复翻阅自己钟爱的书籍、聆听自己喜爱的歌曲。
交流方式：尽量丰富宝宝的用词，在对话中增加形容词、量词、副词、介词等，并让他明白词语的含义；跟宝宝玩打电话的游戏，向宝宝提问，引导他多表达；教宝宝唱简单的歌曲，帮助他理解歌词的含义；让宝宝给大家讲故事，表演节目。
2岁～3岁：提问期
语言特点：喜欢倾听大人的对话，青睐情节复杂的故事；开启“十万个为什么模式”，对事物的探索欲望非常强烈，语言能力也随之升级，词汇量进一步丰富，学会掌握并运用语法，表达也更加流畅。
交流方式：认真对待宝宝提出的问题，用准确明了的语言进行回答，并对他积极提问的态度给予肯定；鼓励宝宝多交朋友，在与其他小朋友相处的过程中学会实用的社交语言；继续在阅读绘本和练习唱歌的同时丰富宝宝的词汇量和知
识；购物的时候跟宝宝一起做决定。
3岁～4岁：交谈期
语言特点：善于学习和运用新的词汇、语法，喜欢描述事物、解释物品的功能；对交谈充满自信，会主动跟家人或陌生人交流，表达自己的意愿和感觉；即将进入新的语言发育阶段，学会识字。
交流方式：培养宝宝阅读的兴趣，在阅读过程中跟他讨论故事内容，鼓励他分析和总结故事的寓意；当宝宝表达不够准确时，要耐心地跟他交流，告诉他正确的方式；外出时让宝宝问路，锻炼社交和沟通能力；故意将一件事情说错，看宝宝的反应，锻炼他的逻辑能力。
让宝宝“会说话”的6个好方法
1、发音清晰而标准：为了宝宝入园或上学后能与官方语言无缝对接，在教宝宝说话时一定要吐字清晰发音标准，不
要使用方言或幼稚的语言，为宝宝学习说话打好基础。
2、交流互动有技巧：不要简单地用“是”或“不是”来应答宝宝的问题，向宝宝提问时也避免只能回答“是”或“否”的问题，积极使用完整的句子进行交流，保持互动的乐趣。
3、巧妙利用新环境：带宝宝出门到新的环境，无论是玩耍、购物还是旅行，接触到新鲜的事物，要尽量为他进行描述和讲解，让他在出行过程中学习和掌握新的词汇。
4、编讲成长的故事：在宝宝成长的过程中，不断为他描述之前的经历，从还在妈妈肚子里开始，到出生后的样子，再到牙牙学语，让宝宝随着讲解想象和提问，提升他的想象力和表达能力。
5、营造良好的氛围：宝宝的语言能力跟环境息息相关，交流越早越多，提升就越快，耐心和用心是帮助宝宝尽早学会表达的法宝，可以在宝宝运用新词新句时及时给予鼓励。
6、坚持以宝宝为本：宝宝说话早晚有个体差异，锻炼语言能力不可急于求成，既然是为了宝宝好，就要以宝宝的兴趣为依据，积极开发和引导，不应强迫和干涉宝宝，让他产生抵触情绪。
11。