语言学术语翻译及术语解释

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术语翻译及术语解释汇总

术语翻译

1. Design features of Ianguage (语言的甄别特征)

Arbitrariness (任意性),Duality (二层性 /二重性),Creativity (创造性 /原创性), Displacement (移位性),Cultural transmission (文化传播),

Interchangeability (可 互换性)

2. Functions of language

referential 指称功能 poetic 诗学功

能 conative 劝慰功能 phatic 寒暄功

能 ideational function 概念功能

textual function 语篇 /文本功能

Performative Function (施为功

能), Phatic communion (寒暄交

谈),

3. Phonetics 语音学), Morphology (形态学) ,

Semantics (语义学),

Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学

Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学

Socioli nguistics 社会语言学

Computational linguistics 计算语言

学 Neurolinguistics 神经语言学 emotive 情感功能 metalingual function 元语言功能 in terpers onal function 人际功能 Informative (信息 /告知功能), Emotive Function (情感功能) , Recreational Function (娱乐功能), Pho no logy (音系/音位学); Syntax (句法学);

Pragmatics (语用学) Acoustic pho netics 声学语音学 Psycholi nguistics 心理语言学 Anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 Applied linguistics 应用语言学4. Descriptive vs. prescriptive 描写式和规定式

Synchronic vs. diachr onic 共时和历时 Lan gue vs. parole 语言和言语

Compete nee vs. performa nce§言能力和语言行为

5. Vocal tract 声道 (res on at ing cavities 共鸣腔),phary nx 咽腔,oral cavity 口腔 and n asal cavity 鼻腔.

其它的一些发音器官:lungs 肺,windpipe (trachea )气管,vocal folds 声带, larynx 喉,epiglottis 会厌,次声门,pharynx 咽,uvula 小舌,hard palate 硬腭, soft palate 软腭,alveolar ridge 齿龈

6. Consonants and vowels (辅音和元音)

A. Manners of articulation 发音方式

B. Places of articulation 发音位置

7. Stop (or plosive )爆破音 Fricative 摩擦音 Approximant 近似音 Lateral (approximant )边音 Affricates 塞擦音,trill 颤音 and tap 闪音

Bilabial 双唇音 Labiodental 唇齿音 Dental 齿音 Postal veolar 后齿龈音 Retroflex 卷舌音 Velar 软腭音 Uvular 小舌音, pharyngeal 咽音 monophthong vowel: 单元音 diphthongs 双元音 Lax vowels 短元音 Tensed vowels 长元音 8. Coarticulation and phonetic transcription 协同发音和标音

anticipatory coarticulation 先期协同发音 perseverative coarticulation 后滞协同发音. broad tran scriptio n 宽式标音 narrow tran scripti on 严式标音

9. minimal pairs 最小对立体 Phoneme 音位

phon emic tran scripti ons 音位转写 phon etic tran scripti ons 语音转写

phones 音子 alloph ones 音位变体 compleme ntary distributi on 互补分布 Alveolar 齿龈音

Palatal 硬腭音

glottal 声门音

triphthongs 三元

phonetic similarity 发音近似性 Free variation 自 由变体

assimilation 同化 regressive assimilation 逆同化

progressive assimilatio n 顺同化 phono logical rule 音系规则 Epen thesis 增音 binary 二分的

Distinctive features 区别特征

Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions 向心结构和离心结构

subord in ate and coord in ate 从 属和并歹 U

The refere ntial theory 指 称理论 Sema ntic tria ngle 语义三角

Sense and referenee 涵义和指称

Synonymy 同义关系 Antonymy 反义关系 Hyponymy 上下义关系

Polysemy 一词多义关系 Homonymy 同音/形异意关系

Dialectal synonyms 地域同义词 Stylistic synonyms 风格同义词 Collocati onal synonyms 搭配同义词

gradable antonymy 等级反义关系 cover term 覆盖项

Marked vs. unm arked terms 标记项和非标记项

compleme ntary antonymy 互补反义关系 con verse antonymy 逆向反义关系

homoph on es:同音异义词 homographs :同形异义词 complete homonyms sema ntic comp onents 语义部分

术语解释

1. Design feature 的定义:the defining (最典型的,起决定作用的) properties of

huma n Ian guage that disti nguish it from any ani mal system of com muni cati on.

2. Synchronic 共时:It refers to the description of a Ianguage at some point of

time in history.

3. Diachronic 历时:It studies the development or history of Ianguage. In other

words, it refers to the description of a Ianguage as it changes through time .

4. prescriptive 规定式:A kind of linguistic s tudy aims to lay down rules for “ correct

and standard ” behavior in using Ianguage

5. descriptive 描写式:A kind of linguistic study aims to describe and analyze

the Ian guage people actually use

6. Arbitrariness (任意性):By saying that “Ianguages arbitrary we,mean that

there is no logical connection betwee n meaning and sound.

7. Duality (二层性 /二重性):it means that Ianguage is a system, which consists of two levels of structures, at the lower level there is the structure of sounds; at the higher level there is the structure of meaning.

8. Displaceme nt (移位性):it mean s that Ian guage can be used to com muni Con ceptual meaning^既念意

义 Associative mea ning:联

想意义 Conno tative mea

ning 内涵意义 Affective

meaning 情感意义

Collocative meaning 搭配意deno tati on:Social meaning 社会意义 Reflected meaning 反射意义 Thematic meaning 主位意conno tati on:

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