6定语从句及其它常见句式的翻译精品PPT课件
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定语从句专题讲解课件（共53张PPT）
定语从句专题讲解课件（共53张PPT）whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.有时只能⽤that,不⽤which,常见的情况有六种：当先⾏词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。
1).That’sallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heans weredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2).Thefirstt hingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先⾏词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。
1).That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.2.当先⾏词被形容词最⾼级或序数词修饰时1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.5.先⾏词同时包括⼈或物时，关系词⽤that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeeta restandingbythegate.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词⽤that,⽽不⽤which或who.关系代词只⽤which不⽤that情况1.关系代词前有介词。
定语从句讲解公开课22张ppt经典实用
二 定语从句 1. 含义
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词 之后。
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
修饰girl
This is the classroom where we study.
修饰classroom •定语从句讲解公开课(22张ppt)
which：指物，作主语或宾语 The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker. The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
who：指人，作主语；whom：指人，做宾语 Who’s the boy that is reading a book? Can you show me the photo that you like best?
that：指人或物，作主语或宾语 I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. The house whose windows are closed is mine.
whose：指人或•定物语从，句讲做解公定开课语(22张ppt)
做题技巧： 1. 确定定语从句 2.看先行词是指人还是指物 3. 确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分 4. 确定关系代词
5. The factory _th_a_t__ makes computers is far away from here. Which/
6. He likes to read books _t_h_a_t__ are written by Shakespeare.
7. This is the pen _W__h_i_c_h_/ he bought yesterday. that•定语从句讲解公开课(22张ppt)
定语从句PPTPPT课件
避免歧义
在构造定语从句时，要避免产生歧义， 确保读者能够准确理解句子的含义。
06
定语从句的练习和例句
选择题练习
01
02
03
选择题练习一
The book _____ was written by Smith is very interesting.
选择题练习二
The school _____ we visited last year is very famous.
详细描述
关系副词包括when、where、why等 ，用于引导定语从句，表示时间、地 点或原因等状语成分，修饰先行词。
特殊引导词引导的定语从句
总结词
特殊引导词用于引导定语从句，表示特定的含义或限定条件 。
详细描述
特殊引导词包括as、than、but等，用于引导定语从句，表 示特定的含义或限定条件，修饰先行词。
例句分析一
The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
例句分析二
The teacher (who/that) is very popular among students is from the United States.
选择题练习三
The person _____ you talked about just now is our teacher.
填空题练习
填空题练习一
The book _____ was written by the famous author is very popular.
填空题练习二
The school _____ has a beautiful campus is very popular.
在构造定语从句时，要避免产生歧义， 确保读者能够准确理解句子的含义。
06
定语从句的练习和例句
选择题练习
01
02
03
选择题练习一
The book _____ was written by Smith is very interesting.
选择题练习二
The school _____ we visited last year is very famous.
详细描述
关系副词包括when、where、why等 ，用于引导定语从句，表示时间、地 点或原因等状语成分，修饰先行词。
特殊引导词引导的定语从句
总结词
特殊引导词用于引导定语从句，表示特定的含义或限定条件 。
详细描述
特殊引导词包括as、than、but等，用于引导定语从句，表 示特定的含义或限定条件，修饰先行词。
例句分析一
The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
例句分析二
The teacher (who/that) is very popular among students is from the United States.
选择题练习三
The person _____ you talked about just now is our teacher.
填空题练习
填空题练习一
The book _____ was written by the famous author is very popular.
填空题练习二
The school _____ has a beautiful campus is very popular.
定语从句PPTPPT课件
注意不定代词的用法
不定代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语 ，需要根据其在句中的位置和作用来 确定其意义。
先行词被the only，the very等修饰时选择技巧
确定引导词
01
当先行词被the only，the very等修饰时，定语从句通常由that
引导，而不是which。
注意修饰语的强调作用
02
the only，the very等修饰语在句中起强调作用，需要特别注意
07
总结回顾与拓展延伸
关键知识点总结回顾
定义与功能
定语从句是对名词或代 词进行修饰、限定的从 句，起到进一步说明、
描述的作用。
引导词种类
关系代词（如who, which, that等）和关系 副词（如when, where, why等）引导定语从句
。
从句位置
定语从句通常位于被修 饰词之后，但有时也可 位于句首，起到强调作
who/whom引导指人非限制性定语从句
要点一
先行词为人时，引导词用who或 whom，在从句中作主语…
The man who/whom you met yesterday is my uncle. （你昨天见到的那个人是我叔叔。）
要点二
非限制性定语从句中，who可以 代替whom，但whom…
My sister, who is a doctor, lives in Beijing.（我姐姐是 北京的一名医生。）
其所强调的内容。
分析主从句的逻辑关系
03
主句和从句之间需要存在逻辑上的联系，从句需要对主句中的
先行词进行进一步的解释或说明。
06
实战演练与错误纠正
典型例题解析
例题1
英语定语从句PPT课件精选全文
in the countryside.
宾语
4) He told me the date that (which) was the most important to him in his life.主语
1. That is the reason ______ I did it. The reason _____you gave for doing that foolish thing is not reasonable at all. A. that B. why C. which D. 不填 2.Do you remember the day ______ Miss Li gave us the first physics class? Do you remember the day ______ we spent together?
who studies
7.The day which I was to start arrived at last. when/on which
Ⅲ.判断对错，如有错请改改正:
8.I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
9. I’ll never forget the day when we spent together.
1) This is the school that /which I visited last year. 宾语
2) We didn’t accept the reason that/which he gave . 主语
3) I shall never forget the days that /which we spent
用介词加关系代词填空。
上海市2023届高考英语定语从句的翻译课件16张PPT
定1)前置定语的翻译
1. 翻译成汉语时把定语前置,译成“……的”结构 A．单一前置定语 英语中，单个定语前置的一般有形容词、数词、 代词、动名词、分词和所有格等。这种单一的定 语汉译时通常置于中心语之前，译成“……的” 结构时,应按照汉语习惯,适时省略“的”。
B．两个或两个以上前置定语的翻译
英语中两个或两个以上的单词定语放在中 心语之前共同修饰一个名词,其基本顺序是 由小范围到大范围,由次要意义到主要意义, 由程度弱到程度强,由一般到专有,意思越具 体,物质性越强,就越靠近中心语,而汉语正好 相反
定语全部前置时在英语句子中其词序一般 是“非限制性定语＋限制性定语＋名词中 心词”。
2. 介词短语作后置定语 （1） The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
译：两点之间的最短距离是直线。
（2） Commerce with other countries is very important to us.
In the old days when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.
（2）后置定语的翻译
1. 副词作后置定语 （1） People there like singing and dancing. 译：那儿的人们喜欢唱歌跳舞。 （2） Their day together remained vividly in his thoughts. 译：他们在一起度过的日子清晰地留在他 脑海中。
（4） a modern, powerful，socialist country 译：一个社会主义的现代化强国
（5） a powerful industrial socialist country 译：一个强大的社会主义工业国
1. 翻译成汉语时把定语前置,译成“……的”结构 A．单一前置定语 英语中，单个定语前置的一般有形容词、数词、 代词、动名词、分词和所有格等。这种单一的定 语汉译时通常置于中心语之前，译成“……的” 结构时,应按照汉语习惯,适时省略“的”。
B．两个或两个以上前置定语的翻译
英语中两个或两个以上的单词定语放在中 心语之前共同修饰一个名词,其基本顺序是 由小范围到大范围,由次要意义到主要意义, 由程度弱到程度强,由一般到专有,意思越具 体,物质性越强,就越靠近中心语,而汉语正好 相反
定语全部前置时在英语句子中其词序一般 是“非限制性定语＋限制性定语＋名词中 心词”。
2. 介词短语作后置定语 （1） The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
译：两点之间的最短距离是直线。
（2） Commerce with other countries is very important to us.
In the old days when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.
（2）后置定语的翻译
1. 副词作后置定语 （1） People there like singing and dancing. 译：那儿的人们喜欢唱歌跳舞。 （2） Their day together remained vividly in his thoughts. 译：他们在一起度过的日子清晰地留在他 脑海中。
（4） a modern, powerful，socialist country 译：一个社会主义的现代化强国
（5） a powerful industrial socialist country 译：一个强大的社会主义工业国
高中英语定语从句关系词课件(17张PPT)
Bob took down my telephone number so as/ in order not to forget it.
In order to catch up with the earliest bus, I got up at 5a.m.
②表结果：
不定式作结果状语常用在下列结构中：so…as to, such…as to, …enough to, only to(常表示意外结果或 事与愿违的结果)，too…to等。
He is said to have gone abroad. Heat is considered to be a form of energy. You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. The book is reported to be translated into 30 languages. The patient is believed to have been saved.
I was very happy to see her yesterday.
The teacher was disappointed to see him sleeping in class.
注: 1. 不定式的否定。not +不定式 例： Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 2.不定式与疑问词连用,
一、作主语(表示某一次动作；单个不定式作主 语时谓语用单数) To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
In order to catch up with the earliest bus, I got up at 5a.m.
②表结果：
不定式作结果状语常用在下列结构中：so…as to, such…as to, …enough to, only to(常表示意外结果或 事与愿违的结果)，too…to等。
He is said to have gone abroad. Heat is considered to be a form of energy. You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. The book is reported to be translated into 30 languages. The patient is believed to have been saved.
I was very happy to see her yesterday.
The teacher was disappointed to see him sleeping in class.
注: 1. 不定式的否定。not +不定式 例： Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 2.不定式与疑问词连用,
一、作主语(表示某一次动作；单个不定式作主 语时谓语用单数) To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
定语从句讲解PPT最全
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
These are the trees which were planted last year. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
which
He is the man (that) I told you about.
the machine = that
the boy =who
the boy’s =whose
in the school = where
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly.
3. why
3. why
4. 关系副词的用法注意点
(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.
I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.
1. when
1. when
that和which的选择
（2）只用which的情况ose引导的定语从句注意点
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2.译成汉语的并列分句,约占45%. 3.译成汉语的状语从句,约占15%. 4.译成汉语的谓语结构和宾语结构,约占20%.
(A)译成定语结构.
(1)He adored that girl who had just gone out. 译文:他一心念着刚才走出去的女孩。
(2) Mrs. Blifil was indeed the object to which they both aspired. 译文:布利非太太正是他俩向往的目标。
the tiger’s lair?
无主句翻译之四
❖ 四）对译成祈使句
❖ 一有问题就去解决，不要等问题成了堆才去做总的 解决。
❖ Whenever a problem crops up, tackle it right away; don’t let problems pile up and then try to settle them all at one go.
外位语翻译之二
❖ 二）拆句法 ❖ 为了句式的明晰，表意的准确，可以考虑将外位结
构拆分成英语中独立的句子。例如：
❖ 要解决问题，还须作系统的周密的调查工作和研究 工作，这就是分析的过程。
❖ In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study. This is the process of analysis.
例如：
❖ 每句话，每个行动，每项政策,都要符合人民的利益， 如果有了错误，定要改正，这就叫向人民负责。
❖ Every word, every act and every policy must conform to the people’s interests, and if mistakes occur, they must be corrected——that is what being responsible to the people means.
(3) He therefore resolved immediately to acquaint him with the fact which we have above slightly hinted to the reader.
译文:因此他决定把我们在上文隐约提到的那 件事情告诉他。
总结: 这是一种与原文接近的翻译形式。方法 很简单:不论先行词在主句什么位置,关系词 在定语从句什么地方,都将从句翻在中心句 前,加上“的”字就行。这是处理较短定语从句 的常用方法。
(B)译成并列分句.
无主句翻译之五 ❖ 五）“There be”或者“It be +…+to…”
❖ 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 ❖ While there is life, there is hope.
❖ 能不能提前完成计划呢？ ❖ Is it possible to carry out the plan ahead of
无主句的翻译
❖ 无主句是汉语中特有的一种句型。但所谓无主句并非 省略主语的句子，而是习惯上就是这么说或者写的， 主语是什么很难确定，这就跟英语这种“主语显著” 句式格格不入了，所以在翻译时应该灵活处理。
无主句翻译之一 ❖ 一）借用英语被动结构 ❖ 将汉语中的宾语转化成英语中的主语。
❖ 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。（表示存在或者出现） ❖ More apartment buildings will be built here.
10.It follows that the Chinese comrades consider. 由此得出，中国同志把朝鲜的事情看成自己的事情。
比较上述各句，联系英汉民族思维差异：英语民族重 直线思维，要点先给出，其他信息再一一增补；汉语 民族重曲线思维，先侧面，外围，后点出信息的重点。 因而，英语（前重心）是头短尾长，汉语是（后重 心），头大尾小。
外位语翻译之三
❖ 三）溶合法 ❖ 所谓溶合法就是抛开汉语中的外位结构，将其所表
达的内容纳入英语的句子当中，充当相应的句法成 分。例如：
❖ 建设和谐社会，这将是今后我们长期的工作重心所 在。
❖ Our priority in work for the long period ahead is to build a harmonious society.
❖ Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.
无主句翻译之三
❖ 三）补出恰当的主语
❖ 不入虎穴，焉得虎子？ ❖ How can you catch tiger cubs without entering
6.英汉句子对比与翻 译之外位结构，定语 从句及其它常见句式
的翻译
外位语
❖ 汉语中独立于句外同时又和句中的某个成分指同一 事物的成分叫做外位语。其目的在于突出某一事物 以引起别人注意，或者是为了简化复杂的长句，使 之结构严谨，关系清楚。
外位语翻译之一
❖ 一）对应法 ❖ 英语中也有对应的外位结构，翻译时可以套用。
time?
定语从句的翻译
I. 简单定语从句的翻译---为了方便起见,我们将定语 从句分为简单和复杂两种。同时,也可将定语从句 分为限制性和非限制性定两种。
Part I. 限制性定语从句 有关资料显示,限制性定语从句有四种翻译 方法,在一般文学和科技文献的翻译中,所 占比重分别如下:
1. 译成汉语的定语结构,约占20%
❖ 发现了错误一定要改正。（表示规定或者要求） ❖ Wrongs must be righted once they are
discovered.
无主句翻译之二
❖ 二）采用倒装结构 ❖ 有些表示事物存在、消失、出现的无主句，结构形
式与英语的倒装句相似，可套用。
❖ 在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐着一位将近三 十岁的男子。