高考英语语法填空 考点辨析
高考英语语法填空考点辨析
一、知识点
语法填空解题技巧：
三步完成:
概读理解–分析填空–连贯检查
语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modal verbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.) 考查各项语法内容。
考点一：冠词：无提示词、可数名词单数之前
1. There once were a goat and a donke y…. So the farmer killed [40]__________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was [35]________ shy , nervous perfectionist.
3. …the head of the village was tying up h is horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away
[解题技巧]
下列情况很可能：填不定冠词：
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填：定冠词：
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
考点二：介词：无提示词、注意搭配问题
与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等
与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语
1、In short, I believe that it is [39]________ great use to keep a dairy in English…
2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back [34]_________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.
3. She found some good quality pipes_________ sale.
4. He was very tired _______________ doing this for a whole day…
考点三：代词：无提示词
作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等
1. She remembered how difficult _________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _____ .
3. It h as been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _____ want to say it again: a smile…
[解题技巧]
因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。
考点四：连词或从句引导词：无提示词、两个主谓结构连接
1. It was not long [39]_________ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.
2. But nothing changed until midterm, [39]_________ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.
3. Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.
4. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
[解题技巧]
(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and, or, but等。
(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。
考点五：谓语动词：有提示词、与主语构成主谓结构
1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
2. His fear of failure ________ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.
3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention.
1. Do you want to know why we _____ (move) last year
2. It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climbers __________ . ( rescue )
注意：
1、若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词是谓语动词，若是谓语就要考虑时态和语态。
It was raining lightly when I_______ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015新课标Ⅰ）Yangshuo ____ (be) really beautiful. (2015新课标Ⅰ）
Be patient! Tai Chi ________ (call) “shadow boxing”(太极拳）in English.（2014辽宁卷)
非谓语：分词作状语
(follow)by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall.
(follow) the famous singer，the crazy fans walked out of the hall.
若句子中已有谓语动词，所给提示动词为非谓语动词———分词作状语时，根据分词与句子主语的关系确定分词形式。主语若是分词动作的执行者，用V-ing形式；主语若是分词动作的承受者，用V-ed形式。
非谓语：分词作定语
workers __________(build) the bridge came from all over the country.
novels ________(write) by MoYan are popular，attracting more and more readers.
若句子中已有谓语动词，所给提示动词为非谓语动词——分词作定语。
V-ing形式作定语表示主动或进行；V-ed形式作定语表示被动或完成。
非谓语：不定式作宾语
hope _______(get) there before dark.
动词不定式作宾语，需识记只接不定式作宾语的动词。有want，wait，offer，long，fail，hope，expect，ask，decide，determine，manage，agree，afford，arrange，promise，pretend等。
练习：
(see) nobody at home, he decided
to leave them a note.
girls came in, ________ (follow) their parents.
(see) from the hill, the city looks like a garden.
(give) more time, I would have worked out the problem.
night, there were millions of people _________(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
6. No one knows the girl ________ (stand) there.
remembered _______(lock) the door before I left the office.
2、有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式,这时需要进行词类转换。
例如：But Jane knew from past experience that her ________ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
1. With the rapid economic ________(grow) of our country, we now are eating a lot of food that is high in sugar and fat.(2015广东备考）
2. …there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist __________ (attract)…
提示动词前有形容词，形容词一般修饰名词，故需将动词转换为其名词形式。
考点六：非谓语动词：有提示词、除谓语动词以外的动词形式
1. We must also consider the reaction of the person [32]__________ (receive) the gift.
2. …I then n oticed that I had just 10 minutes left ____________ (complete) the rest!
3. My pupils, Donnie [40]__________ (include), adored her.
4. She wished that he was as easy _________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
考点七：词性转换：有提示词
介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子
1.“Thirty-five cents,” she said [36]__________ (rude).
2. As far as I am concerned, my [37] ____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and
a Chinese-English within easy reach.
3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______ (nature) course.
4. ____________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.
考点八：形容词的级别：有提示词
通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级
1、One of the [33]__________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher…
2. … We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.
When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned.
I felt __________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.
3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _________ (great) writers of our time.
练习：
1．(2015·安徽卷)I'm so________(gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
解析：句意：我是如此感激那些志愿者，因为他们帮助我快乐地结束了令人极不愉快的那一天。be grateful to“对……感激的”。
答案：grateful
2．(2015·福建卷)It was________(consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
解析：句意：迈克尔考虑得非常周到，他告诉我们他将耽搁一些时间，以防我们担心。considerate“考虑周到的”。
答案：considerate
3．(2015·湖北卷)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment，he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_______ (punctuality)．
解析：句意：尽管会议厅在他的公寓附近，可是如果他想按时到达的话也要稍微快一点。punctual“准时的”。
答案：punctual
4．(2015·四川卷)Andy is content with the is the________(good) he has ever got.
解析：句意：这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。用最高级形式。
答案：best
6．(2014·大纲全国卷)Raymond's parents wanted him to have the________(good)possible education.
解析：句意：Raymond的父母想让他尽可能接受最好的教育。根据题干中的possible可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级，故答案为the best。
答案：the best
7．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It may not be a great before a ________(good)one is put forward，we'll make do with it.
解析：句意：这个建议可能不是很好。但是在较好的建议被提出之前，我们会先凑合用它。本题考查形容词的比较等级。“a＋比较级”表示“一个更……的”，题干中暗含着比较的含义，需使用比较级。
答案：better
考点九：副词：提示词
形容词副词
especial especially
excited excitedly
amazing amazingly
natural naturally
real really
将下列形容词转化为副词形式
第一组：
slow quick careful loud safe 第二组：
Happy lucky heavy angry easy 第三组：
Terrible gentle possible simple
总结变化规则:
1.直接+ly
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词变y为i再+ly
3.有些以le结尾的形容词需要去掉e再+ y
注意以下以ly结尾的形容词：Lovely 、friendly、ugly、likely
用法1：副词的用法——修饰形容词
The boy is really lovely.
练习：
clothes are________ (extreme) beautiful.
am ________( terrible) sorry.
3.The boy _________(serious) ill.
用法2：副词的用法----修饰句子
Surprisingly ,the two little girls can draw so well.
练习：
(natural), our parents are happy to get our phone call.
(amazing), the tree did not die.
(lucky), a policeman found the boy.
用法3：副词的用法————修饰动词
She sings beautifully.
练习：
1. " I got an A. "Tom??said _______(happy).
2. My race went __________ (wonderful) from start to finish.
3. We hope your children grow _______ (healthy).
练习：
1、His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm) and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. （2010广东卷）
2、Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______(slow) during cold nights. （2015全国新课标卷II）
3、After knocking _______(polite) at the door, the applicant entered the office of the general manager.
4、________(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. (2015 广东卷）
5、He must be _________ (mental) disabled. (2011 广东卷）
6、She was ___________ (surprising) helpful. (2014 广东卷）
7、The river was so polluted that it ________ (actual) caught fire and burned. (2015 新课标I）
8、My uncle ___________ (immediate) jumped and shot their arrows on the bird. (2015陕西卷）
二、课堂练习
Do you ever wonder why you yawn Why do you open your mouth wide and take a deep breath Well, a scientist at the University of Maryland is searching for the answer.
Professor Robert Provine has been studying yawning for the past two years. But he says he still does not know 31 people yawn. In fact, no one seems to know much about it. Professor Provine’s students have helped him find out more about yawning. They agreed to 32 (watch) while sitting alone in small rooms. In the rooms, they watched television programs, or pictures of people yawning. Or they just sat and 33 (think) about yawning. Students also kept records of when they yawned throughout the day.
The professor says he has learned 34 number of things from these experiments. He says yawning seems linked in some way to sleeping. His students yawned most just before sleeping or 35 waking from sleep. He also found that people yawn much when they are __36 (bore ) or not interested in what they are doing.
Now, Professor Provine is planning future experiments to help him find the purpose of yawning. He said there is some evidence 37 yawning is linked to 38 (excite). Yawning is common among runners 39 (wait) to begin a race. It is also common among people waiting to make a speech.
Professor Provine says he is most interested in learning why seeing someone yawn makes others yawn as well. He says almost anything connected with yawning can make people yawn. As a matter of fact, I found 40 yawning a lot as I prepared this report. I wonder if hearing it can make you yawn. If it does, excuse me, if you did yawn, write and tell me.
答案：watched
36. bored
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