外研版(一起)六年级英语上册 期末检测 (含答案)
外研版(一起)六年级英语上册期末检测听力部分一、听录音,选出与录音内容相符的选项,把代号填入题前括号内。
每题读两遍。
(10分)()1.A.hurry B.worry C.hungry()2.A.ruler B.rules C.rule()3.A.hobby B.hurry C.really()4.A.moon B.million C.lantern()5.A.soon B.sometimes C.sounds()6.A.flag B.square C.stamp()7.A.clean B.collect C.copy()8.A.mine B.line C.fine()9.A.walk B.talk C.tall()10.A.quick B.quatter C.quiet二、听录音标号,按听到的顺序将序号写在相应图片的方框内。
(7分)三、听录音,完成句子。
(3分)1.Pandas love_____________.2.Daming is_______________America.3.____________is his hobby. He’s got lots of story books.4.We offen have a ___________family dinner.5.The ___________are from 191 coumtries.6.That sounds nice, but I don’t ________________ it.四、听录音,选出所听到句子合适的答语。
(5分)()1.A .stamps B.The Changjiang RiverC.The Spring Festival()2.A .Yes, I can. B.No, I’m not C.Not really()3.A .Yes, of course. B.No, I do. C.Yes,I am.()4.A .We eat zongzi. B.We always have a special meal.C.We make dumplings.()5.A .Play football. B.Stand in line.C.Look at the library rules.五、听短文,根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)。
(5)()1.Sam and Amy don’t miss England.()2.Sam and Amy like Tian’anmen Square and the Summer Palace.()3.Sam and Amy want to send a book about England to Laura.()4.Sam and Amy can use chopsticks.()5.They can eat Chinese food here,but they can’t eat hamburgers and hot dogs here.笔试部分六、按要求写出下列单词各种形式.(10分)1.luck(形容词)2.men(单数形式)3.hobby(复数形式)4.do(过去式)5.do not(缩略形式)6.buy(过去式)7.collect(-ing形式)8.big(反义词)9.American(国家名)10.dancing(动词)七、英汉词组互译.(10分)1.联合国大厦2.dragon dance3.直行4.ride bikes to work5.讲法语6.a library card7.成一条直线8.not very often9.给……带来和平10.clean the room八、这些生活标识你知道吗?快来连一连吧.(10分)1.Stop! Don’t go! A.2.Turn left here! B.3.Don’t swim! C.4.Cross the street! D.5.Don’t turn right here! E.九、给句子选择正确答语.(10分)()1.Can you speak Chinese?A.Yes,I am.()2.Do you collect stamps? B.No,I don’t.()3.Have you got a pen? C.Yes,there is.()4.Are you a student? D.Yes,I can.()5.Is there a pen in the box?E.No,I haven’t.十、根据图片或句子选出最合适的一项。
(10分)()1. ntern FestivalB.Dragon Boat FestivalC.Spring Festival( ) 2. A.the Great WallB.the Huangshan MountainC.the West Lake( ) 3. A B.UN C.CAN( ) 4. A.September B.November C.December( ) 5. A.restaurant B.building C.Chinatown( ) 6. I want you my friend.A.beB.to beC.can be( ) 7.It snakes here well.A.say;canB.says;can’tC.say;can’t( ) 8.Listen!Xiaoling in her classroom.A.singsB.singingC.is singing( ) 9.Daming says he to you soon.A.will writeB.is writingC.wrote( ) 10. read in bed! It’s bad for your eyes.A.NotB.Can’tC.Don’t十一、你能把下面的汉语句子翻译成英语么?(10分)1.不要在图书馆里交谈.2.你经常玩玩具娃娃吗?3.你会说英语吗?4.你收集邮票吗?5.熊猫一天中十二个小时在吃东西.十二、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F). (10分)A farmer sits near a tree. He is tired. A rabbit is running fast. It can’t see the tree. The farmer has the rabbit. He’s lucky. He wants to have many rabbits. He doesn’t like to work on the farm again. He waits near the tree every day, but norabbits come. The farmer becomes unhappy.() 1.A farmer sits on a chair.() 2.The farmer catches(捉到) the rabbit.() 3.He likes to work on the farm.()4.He waits near the tree everyday,because he wants to get many rabbits.() 5.He hasn’t got any rabbits again.听力材料及答案听力部分一、1.A hurry 2.C rule 3.A hobby 4.B million 5.A soon6.B square 7.B collect 8.B line 9.A walk 10.C quiet二、1.Mr Black has got a pet dog.It’s big and strong.2.He’s got a k ite and he often flies is after school.3.The little girl has got long hair and she’s got a bag.4.The boy has got a cap.And he often plays with his little dog.5.He’s got a cap and he often rides his bike to school.6.She’s got a dress and a small cat.7.She often rides her bike to the park on Sunday.三、1.Pandas love bamboo.2.Daming is Visiting America.3.Reading is his hobby .He’s got lots of story books.4.We often have a special family dinner.5.The flags are from 191 countries.6.That sounds nice,but I don’t believe it.四、1.All the families cat dumplings What’s the festival?2.Do you often play with dolls?3.Do you like reading books now?4.What do you do on Thanksgciing Day?5.What’s your hobby?五、Dear Laura.We’re Sam and Amy.We want to be your friends.We do miss England,but we like China very much.There are a lot of things to see in Beijing.We like Tian’anmen square and the Summer Palace.Please come to Beijing.Have you got a book about Beijing?We can send you one.We like Chinese food and we can use chopsticks very well.We can eat hamburgers and hot dogs here.Please write to us soon.Yours.Sam and Amy笔试部分六、1.lucky 2.man 3.hobbies 4.did 5.don’t6.bought 7.collecting 8.small 9.America 10.dance七、1.the UN building 2.舞龙3.go straight on 4.骑自行车去上班5.speak French 6.借书卡7.in line 8.不是很经常9.bring peace to…10.打扫房间八、1.—E 2.—D 3.—C 4.—B 5.—A九、1.D 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.C十、1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C十一、1.Do n’t talk in the library.2.Do you often play with dolls?3.Can you speak English?4.Do you collect stamps?5.Pandas eat for twelve hours a day.十二、1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T。
2023年外研版英语(一起)六年级上册期末测试卷含答案
六年级英语(上)外研一起点期末测试题听力部分I. Listen and choose. 听音,选出你所听到的句子中含有的单词或短语,听2遍。
(10分)1. A. always B. often C. office2. A. English B. Chinese C. French3. A. the UN B. the UK C. the US4. A. how old B. how long C. how many5. A. subjects B. sometimes C. stampsII. Listen and number. 听音,标号,听2遍。
(10分)III. Listen and choose. 听短文,选择正确的选项,听2遍。
(10分)( )1. Where is Li Wen from?A. ChangshaB. BeijingC. Shanghai( )2. Li Wen can speak ________.A. Chinese and EnglishB. Chinese and FrenchC. English and French( )3. What's Li Wen's hobby?A. Reading booksB. Writing to his pen friendC. Playing computer games( )4. What's Li Wen’s favourite festival?A. The Mid-autumn Festival.B. The Dragon Boat FestivalC. The Spring FestivalIV. Listen and write. 听音,写出所缺单词,听2遍。
(10分)Dear Grandma,I love Shanghai very much. It's a very 1. ________ place. There are lots of restaurants. And I like 2. ________ food very much. There is a big 3. ________ here. I 4. ________ go there and play football with my friends. I have got a 5. ________ present for you. I hope you’ll like it.Love,Peter笔试部分V. Read and choose. 选出与每组单词中不同类的一项。
外研版六年级英语上册期末测试卷
小学英语外研版六年级上册期末测试(含答案听力)听力部分(30分)一、听录音,选出录音中读到的单词,并将其标号填入题前括号内。
(5分)()1.A.address B.around C.age()2.A.meal B.meet C.map()3.A.show B.soon C.sound()4.A.library B.sorry C.lucky()5.A.climb B.clap C.clean二、听录音、选出录音中读到的句子,并将其标号填入提前括号内。
(10分)()1.A.Daming has got a Chinese postcard.B.I have got some chopsticks,()2.A.Grandma gives Daming a present.B.What an interesting present!()3.A.Do you often play with dolls?B.Do you often clean your room?()4.A.I want go to the park.B.I want to visit the moon.()5.A.Look at the library rules.B.Don’t talk in the library,三、听录音,根据听到的录音,选出正确的选项,将其标号填入提前括号内。
(5分)()1.Ella wants to go to __________.A.QingdaoB.ShanghaiC.Beijing()2.Ella wants to_________.A.climb the Great Wall.B.swim in the seaC.visit the Tian’anmen Square ()3.Ella wants to go by__________.A.trainB.planeC.car()4.Ella’s _________will go with her.A.motherB.fatherC.father and mother四、听录音,补全短文。
2023-2024学年外研版(一起)六年级英语上册期末测试题含答案
姓名________ 分数________2023-2024学年六年级英语(一起)上册期末测试题(考试用时:45分钟满分:100分)注意事项:1.试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分,在本试题卷上作答无效..........。
2.答题时,请认真阅读答题卡上....的注意事项。
3.选择题的作答用...2B..铅笔涂黑管题卡上对应题目的答案标号框..................。
4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡.......一并交回。
Listening(听力部分)40分一.Listen and number. (听音排序,读2遍)。
(共5分)( )( )( )( )( )二. Listen and choose. (听音,选择,每小题读1遍)。
(共5分)( ) 1.A.answer B.aren’t C.aunt( ) 2.A.stamp B.sun C.Sam( ) 3.A.blackboard B.bamboo C.book( ) 4.A.messy B.make C.metre( ) 5.A.wrote B.world C.when三. Listen and judge. (听音,判断,正确的写“T”,错误的写“F”,读2遍)。
(共10分)( ) 1.Only drink clean water.( ) 2.I often read English books.( ) 3.Do you want to visit the UN building?( ) 4.I want a Chinese pen friend.( ) 5.Thanksgiving is very important in the US.四. Listen and number. (听音,排序,读2遍)。
(共10分)( ) 1.How long is the Great wall?( ) 2.We saw a dragon dance in the Chinatown.( ) 3.Where did you go last Sunday?( ) 4.It’s more than two thousand years old.( ) 5.She can speak some Chinese.五. 听短文,选择合适的词填空,读2遍。
2022-2023学年外研版(一起)英语六年级上册期末测试卷含答案
六年级上册英语外研版(一起点)期末测试卷听力部分一、听录音,选出你所听到的单词。
( ) 1. A. tidy B. pretty C. thirsty D. city ( ) 2. A. stamp B. stand C. street D. study ( ) 3. A. week B. weekend C. world D. way ( ) 4. A. near B. bear C. pear D. hear ( ) 5. A. peace B. please C. pleased D. place 二、听录音,选出你所听到的句子。
( ) 1. A. It’s fun to play football. B. It’s fun to learn English.C. It’s fun to drink this way.( ) 2. A. Do you often go to the library? B. Do you often read book?C. Do you often tidy your bed?( ) 3. A. I’ve got some Chinese kites. B. I’ve got some Chinese chopsticks.C. I’ve got a desk and a chair.( ) 4. A. She can speak some English. B. She can speak some Chinese.C. She can write in English.( ) 5. A. Did you see a friend? B. Did you do sports?C. Did you go swimming?三、听句子,排序。
( ) What do I need?( ) What can you see there?( ) What are you doing?( ) What food do you love?( ) What do you do?四、听句子,判断图片正(√)误(×)。
外研版英语小学六年级上学期期末试题与参考答案(2024-2025学年)
2024-2025学年外研版英语小学六年级上学期期末复习试题与参考答案一、听力部分(本大题有12小题,每小题2分,共24分)1、Listen to the sentence and choose the correct picture. (听句子,选择正确图片)•Picture A: A boy is reading a book.•Picture B: A boy is playing basketball.Answer: AParse: The sentence is “A boy is reading a book” in English, which matches Picture A.2、 Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer. (听对话,选择正确答案)•Option A: Green.•Option B: White.•Option C: Blue.Answer: CParse: The conversation mentions “_my000uniform000is000blue_,_it000often000rain000in000spring.” which indicates the color of the uniform is blue.3、Listen to the following conversation, and choose the best answer to the question you hear.A. The boy will meet his friend at the library.B. The boy will go to the pool with his family.C. The boy will go shopping with his mother.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the boy says he will go to the pool with his family because it’s the holidays, and he likes to swim. Therefore, the correct answer is B.4、Listen to the following dialogue about a school trip, and answer the question.Who will the students visit in the museum?A. They will visit the art museum.B. They will visit the history museum.C. They will visit the science museum.Answer: BExplanation: In the dialogue, the teacher mentions that the students will go to the history museum to learn about ancient civilizations. So, the correct answer is B.5、What does Sarah usually do on weekends?•A) She goes shopping.•B) She reads books.•C) She plays basketball.Answer: B) She reads books.Explanation: In the dialogue, Sarah mentions that she enjoys spending her free time reading various types of books, which indicates that reading is herusual weekend activity.6、Where did the man go last summer vacation?•A) He went to the beach.•B) He visited his grandparents.•C) He traveled to Europe.Answer: A) He went to the beach.Explanation:The man talks about his experience at the beach during his last summer vacation, describing how he enjoyed swimming and playing volleyball there, which confirms that option A is correct.7、What does the boy want to be when he grows up?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. An engineer.D. A pilot.Answer: B. A doctor.Explanation: In the dialogue, the boy expresses his desire to help people and mentions that he admires doctors who can save lives. This indicates that his career aspiration is to become a doctor.8、Why is the girl going to the library?A. To borrow some books.B. To meet her friends.C. To return some books.D. To study for an exam.Answer: A. To borrow some books.Explanation: The dialogue reveals that the girl needs information for her project and decides to go to the library to find books that could be useful for her research.9、 What is the boy going to do this afternoon?A、Listen to music.B、Play soccer.C、Read a book.Answer: BExplanation: In the listening material, the boy says, “I’m going to play soccer this afternoon.” Therefore, the correct answer is B.10、What does the girl want to do?A、Do her homework.B、Play outside.C、Watch TV.Answer: AExplanation: In the listening material, the girl states, “I want to do my homework.” Hence, the correct answer is A.11.Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.Here is the Dialogue:A: Hi, Mary. How was your weekend?B: Oh, it was great! We went to the zoo and saw some pandas. They were so cute!Q: What did Mary do last weekend?A: She went to the zoo.Answer: AExplanation: The answer is found in the sentence “We went to the zoo and saw some pandas.”12.Listen to the passage and answer the question.Here is the Passage:Tommy is a student. He has a brother named Jack. Tommy is in Grade 6, and he is in Class 2. Jack is in Grade 5, and he is in Class 3. They both like playing football after school.Q: Which class is Tommy in?A: Class 2Answer: BExplanation: The answer is given in the sentence “Tommy is in Grade 6, and he is in Class 2.”二、选择题(本大题有12小题,每小题2分,共24分)1、What is the correct pronoun to fill in the blank in the sentence “She is ateacher,___________teaches music.”?A、 herB、 sheC、 hersD、 herselfAnswer: B解析: 在英语中, 当句子的主语与宾语为同一个人时, 使用主格代词“she” 作为宾语。
外研版六年级英语上册期末检测卷含答案
外研版六年级英语上册期末检测卷时间:60分钟满分:100分听力(30分) 笔试(70分) 总分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一得分第一部分听力(30分)一、听录音, 选出你听到的短语。
(5分)()1. A. a Chinese dragon kiteB. a Japanese kiteC. an American kite()2. A. a book about ChinaB. a book about the USC. a book about Canada()3. A. eleven hours a day B. twelve hours a dayC. thirteen hours a day()4. A. in summer B. in autumnC. in winter()5. A. go swimming B. go shoppingC. go fishing二、听录音, 选出与所听内容相符的图片。
(5分)()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.三、听录音, 判断下列图片与所听内容是(T)否(F)相符。
(10分)1. 2. 3.()()()4. 5.()()四、听短文, 根据短文内容判断句子正(T)误(F)。
(10分)()1. It's Saturday today.()2. Jim's father is reading a book.()3. Jim's mother is watching TV.()4. Jim is doing the housework.()5. Jenny is playing with her dolls.第二部分笔试(70分)五、找出不同类的单词。
(10分)()1. A. often B. country C. sometimes ()2. A. visit B. want C. camera()3. A. shop B. difficult C. easy()4. A. French B. Canada C. Japanese ()5. A. knives B. show C. chopsticks六、单项选择。
外研版六年级上学期英语《期末检测试卷》含答案
外 研 版 英 语 六 年 级 上 学 期期 末 测 试 卷学校________ 班级________ 姓名________ 成绩________一、从 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选择能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(共 10 小 题,每小题 1 分,共 10 分)()1.The panda usua l ly s l eeps ____ twelve hours a day . A.fro m B.for C.at ( )2.— Do rabbi t s l ike mus ic— Yes , ____.A.they doB.they don'tC.they are C.W hat ( ( ( )3.— ____ does the f i sh l ive— It l ives in the water .A.W hereB.W hich )4.— Can you t e l l me so mething about snakes— Yes , o f course . I t ____ snakes th ink the f lute i s dangerous .A.sa idB.sayC.says )5.— ____ do dogs l ike to do— They l ike to play wi th ch i ldren .A.Ho w)6.The l i t t l e g ir l i s p lay ing ____ do l l s . A.with B .at B.W hat C.W here C.of (((( )7.Sa m of ten ____ Engl i sh s tor i es a f ter school . A.read )8.I l ike ____ my b ike to school. A.r ides B .r ide B.reads C.reading C.r id ing )9.Linda l ikes wr i t ing s tor ies in C hinese . ____, s he wri tes s tor ies inEngl i sh.A.AlwaysB.So met imesC.Often()10.— Do you of ten p lay co mputer ga mes— ____.A.I'd love toB.That's O KC.Not very of ten二、选出与所给句子匹配的答语。
六年级上册英语期末测试卷-外研一起 含答案
六年级上册期末测试卷一一、单词辨音(找出每组单词中画线部分读音不同的单词,将序号写在前面括号里。
)()1. A. tidy B.spring C.Miss D.drink()2.A.famous B.stamp C.make D.snake()3.A.French B.collect C.very D.Chinese()4.A.often B.hobby C.fox D.stone()5.A.room B.bamboo C.food D.good二、单项填空6.I haven't got any books about US.A. aB.anC. the7.It's fun this way.A.playB.to playC.playing8.What a big !I've got a letter from Ban Ki-moon.(潘基文)A.weekendB.friendC.surprise9.China is one of the first in the UN.A.countriesB.countryC.places10. is on December 25th every year.A.ThanksgivingB.Spring FestivalC.Christmas11.---Are you the room now? --- Yes, I do.A.cleanB.cleaningC.to clean12.The snakes can't hear the music. They are almost .A.dangerousB.messyC.deaf13.Now the light is red.A. Be quiet.B.Don't turn right.C.Don't walk.14.--- It's time for class. I' m late. ---A.Please go.B.Don't worry.C.Be quiet.15.--- Is the river long or short ? ---A.Yes, it is.B.It's long.C.No, it isn't.三、完成句子A.根据汉语意思提示完成下列句子,注意单词的正确形式。
2021-2022学年外研版(一起)六年级上册期末检测英语试卷(带答案)
29.There was a very cute panda on the first stamp.(______)
30.People love to collect Chinese stamps.(______)
This morning Bill came into his classroom. “I'm sorry, sir. I lost a piece of paper,” said Bill. “It doesn't matter. Please be careful when you do something,” said the teacher. “But it was very important for me. It was my homework.” “Really?” asked the teacher. Then he laughed and said to Bill, “I can give you another piece of paper and you must finish it this evening.” Bill's face turned red.
14.Look! There __________lots of water on the floor.()
A.wasB.areC.is
15.The boy can__________ French.()
A.talkB.speakC.say
三、按要求填空
16.用所给单词的适当形式填空:We__________(go)to Chinatown tomorrow.
31.Chinese stamps are famous because they are very old.(______)
外研版小学六年级英语上册期末达标检查试卷及答案
外研版小学六年级英语上册期末达标检查试卷班级:________________ 学号:________________ 姓名:______________一、听力题(每题3分)Question 1: Listen and choose the correct picture. (3 points)•[Picture 1: A cat]•[Picture 2: A dog]•[Picture 3: A rabbit]You hear: “I have a pet. It’s furry and loves to play. It’s a dog.”Answer: Picture 2Question 2: Listen and circle the correct word. (3 points)You hear: “I like to eat apples. They are sweet and juicy.”Options:•[] oranges•[] apples•[] bananasAnswer: applesQuestion 3: Listen and answer the question. (3 points)You hear: “John is my best friend. He often helps me with my homework.”Question: Who is John to the speaker?Answer: John is the speaker’s best friend.Question 4: Listen and fill in the blank. (3 points)You hear: “My favorite sport is playing football. I play it with my friends every weekend.”Sentence: My favorite sport is __________.Answer: playing footballQuestion 5: Listen and match the sentences. (3 points)You hear:•A)I usually go to bed at 9 pm.B)B)My favorite color is blue.C)C)I like to read books in the library.Sentences:1.[] I love the color of the sky.2.[] I’m a night owl.3.[] I enjoy quiet reading time.Answers:1.B2.A3.C二、单选题(每题3分)1._______is your favorite color?A. WhatB. WhoC. WhereD. WhenAnswer: A2.She often_______TV on weekends.A. watchB. watchesC. watchingD. watchedAnswer: B3.I_______a new pen yesterday.A. buyB. boughtC. buyingD. am buyingAnswer: B4._______do you go to school?A. HowB. WhatC. WhenD. WhereAnswer: A5._______name is John.A. HisB. He’sC. HerD. She’sAnswer: A三、多选题(每题4分)1.What do you do when you meet your teacher? (4 points)A. I say hello.B. I say goodbye.C. I run away.D. I ignore them.Answer: A, B2.Which of the following are school supplies? (4 points)A. A pencil.B. A book.C. A ball.D. An eraser.Answer: A, B3.What do you need to do before going to bed? (4 points)A. Watch TV.B. Take a bath.C. Play with toys.D. Brush your teeth.Answer: B, D4.Which are the seasons in a year? (4 points)A. Spring.B. Summer.C. Autumn.D. Winter.Answer: A, B, C, D (Note: Although the question only asks for two answers, traditionally, there are four seasons in a year.)5.What food do you usually have for breakfast? (4 points)A. Hamburger.B. Bread.C. Soup.D. Fruit.Answer: B, D (Note: The options may vary depending on cultural preferences, but bread and fruit are common breakfast foods.)四、阅读理解(每题4分)Reading ComprehensionPassage:My name is Lily. I am a student in Grade Four. I like to read books and draw pictures.Last Sunday, I went to the zoo with my family. We saw many interesting animals. The pandas were eating bamboo, and the monkeys were playing in the trees. My favorite animal is the tiger. They are so strong and beautiful. We also watched a dolphin show.The dolphins jumped out of the water and performed tricks. It was so amazing! I took some photos and will share them with my friends.Questions:1.What is Lily’s favorite animal? (4 points)Answer: Lily’s favorite animal is the tiger.2.Where did Lily go last Sunday? (4 points)Answer: Lily went to the zoo last Sunday.3.What were the pandas doing when Lily visited the zoo? (4 points)Answer: The pandas were eating bamboo when Lily visited the zoo.4.What kind of show did Lily watch at the zoo? (4 points)Answer: Lily watched a dolphin show at the zoo.5.What will Lily do with the photos she took? (4 points)Answer: Lily will share the photos she took with her friends.五、作文(30分)Title: My Favorite SeasonInstructions: Write a short essay about your favorite season. Describe the weather, activities you enjoy doing, and why you like this season best.Example:My favorite season is spring. It is a time of new beginnings and hope. The weather is usually warm and sunny, with a gentle breeze blowing through the air. The flowers start to bloom, and the trees turn green, making the whole world seem alive and vibrant.In spring, I love to go for picnics with my family. We pack a delicious lunch and head to the nearest park. There, we play Frisbee, have fun running around, and enjoy the beautiful scenery. I also like to plant flowers and vegetables in my garden. It is exciting to see them grow and bloom.The reason I like spring the most is that it reminds me of renewal and growth. Just like the plants that bloom after a long winter, I feel refreshed and full of energy in spring. It is a time to set new goals and work towards achieving them. I always look forward to the start of a new school year and all the opportunities it brings.Your essay should be at least 50 words.Your Essay:(Students should write their own essay here, following the instructions and using the example as a guide.)。
