四级辅导写作讲义 - 副本
葛四级写作 副本.ppt
Economy and Environmental Protection
The Development of Life-Long Education
(3) OPrnivlianteeecdaurscation
要求：内容切题，正确表达思想，意思连 贯，无重大语法错误。
2003年1月
给出题目
Directions: For this part, your are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
1) 下图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间：1990年（2 hours）、1995年（5 hours）、2000年（20 hours），请描述其 变化
2) 请说明发生这些变化的原因 （可从计算机的用途、价格或 社会发展等方面加以说明
3) 你认为目前大学生在计算机 使用中有什么困难或问题）
关键词
has been playing
an increasingly important role in our
day-to day life.
Your View on Learning through the net
Advantage and disadvantage of Private Cars
(4) Along with the development of education, more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that
刘彬四六级vip讲义_阅读、写作30页
形容词后面一般接名词 c. There were some bad _____. （形容词后面一般跟名词，而且此时是复数形式）
介词短语结构： d. without guides or even _____ bookings（介词短语中不能出现谓语动词，此时 bookings
是名词，应该找个形容词性的单词）
make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is
the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from
For both 50-minute scans, the volunteers had a cell phone ___fixed__ to each ear.（have sth done：）
3、注意事项：
1） 2）
3)
2010 年 6 月四级真题
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled
空前、空后都是形容词：并列关系 f. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest ______ hunger-relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month.（前后都是形容 词词，中间要填进去的也是形容词）
四六级写作与翻译讲义
四级写作讲义负面现象类作文描述图画人：man、the aged,couple,dealers(商贩)、official、graduate young adult、youngsters、passer-by、boss、journalist、merchant(商人)、love-dedicator(爱心人士)、producer、parents、customer/consumer、driver、individuals.表情怎样：disappointed、furious(生气的)、frustrated=gloomy distressed极度痛苦的、excited、enjoyable、astonished、helpless、unconcerned（apathetic）、restless、confused（perplexed）在做什么：成因终极万能素材政策漏洞：policy bug监管不到：weak supervision of/from authorities concerned不良社会风气：undesirable general mood of society(后果)激烈的竞争：fierce competition扭曲的价值观：distorted value towards life不恰当的教育理念：inappropriate notion of education自私自利：egoism求同思维：convergent thinking缺乏责任感、自我约束：lack of/lacking social responsibility and self-discipline缺乏基本的道德良心：lack of/lacking basic ethics/morality and conscience支撑句：举例(for example)后果的终极万能素材可持续性发展（个人、经济、社会）：sustainable development of……社会风气：general mood of society,social harmony and stability 身心健康：mental and physical health个人成长：personal growth/sound growth建议（to do sth）政府：issue related laws and regulations颁布相应的法规enhance supervision媒体：advocate and publicize the notion/virtue倡导宣传（价值观/理念/美德）个人：foster the notion/virtue deliberately有意识地培养理念/美德enhance/consolidate self-discipline.加强自我约束release pressure减压welfare福利观点类作文万能利弊模板素材：1、容易成功achieve success more easily遭受到失败和挫折suffer form failure and adversity.2、获得成就感/满足感/幸福感Acquire sense of achievement/contentment/happiness3、得到他人的尊敬obtain respect from others4、享受良好的人际关系Enjoy harmonious interpersonal relationship.(1—4V.)5、社会风气：general mood of society6、可持续性发展：sustainable development7、个人成长：personal growth8、身心健康：mental and physical health(5-8n.)万能引用人生高贵品质：quantity virtue人生宝贵经验：concept/awareness/notion正面观点：Just as a celebrity once said,……品质1）”Credibility is a fairest blossom,which springs from the soul.”2）”Life without optimism is like a sailing without wind.”3）”The spirit of___is like a shining star enlightening the firmament of humanity.”…….像一颗闪亮的星，点亮了人性的苍穹。
大学英语四级作文讲义
大学英语四级作文讲义一. 大学英语四级写作评分标准考生在考试时应该明确作文的评分标准，根据大纲规定，短文的评分标准是：1．正确表达思想；2．意义连贯；3．无重大语法错误。
这三者是互补的，但又各有侧重。
为评分的方便，国家考题组又将评分原则归纳为八个字，即“总体评分”和“综合评判”，并作了相应的解释。
前者指的是“阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分”。
后者指的是“要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍，用词和造句是否清楚确切地表达思想”。
根据这八个字，又将阅卷标准分为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分，每一等都可上下浮动一分，各等的具体标准如下：2分--条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分--基本切题。
表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。
有较多的严重语言错误。
8分--基本切题。
表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。
11分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。
基本无语言错误。
除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素：l．白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。
2. 字数（120-180）不足者酌情扣分(81-89个词扣1分，7l-80个词扣2分，61-70个词扣3分，51一60个词扣4分，不足50个词最多只给5分)。
所计字数不包括卷面上已给主题句。
3．只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。
二．历年真题分析：13年6月(共三套)：第一套为图表作文，图表上的文字为：No offense, but by the time we’re in the job market, won’t that stuff be outdated?第二套也为图表作文，图表上是一对父子的对话。
四级讲座英语作文模板
四级讲座英语作文模板Level 4 Lecture English Essay Template。
Introduction。
Begin with a hook: a compelling statement, question, or statistic that grabs the reader's attention.Briefly introduce the topic of the essay.State your main argument or thesis statement in a clear and concise manner.Body Paragraph 1。
Present the first key point that supports your main argument.Use evidence from credible sources such as research studies, expert opinions, or historical events.Explain how this evidence supports your point.Provide specific examples or case studies toillustrate your point.Body Paragraph 2。
Present the second key point that supports your main argument.Follow the same structure as Body Paragraph 1, providing evidence, explanations, and examples.Consider using a contrasting viewpoint or addressing a potential counterargument.Body Paragraph 3 (Optional)。
专业英语四级写作讲义
专业英语四级写作讲义-第一部分：专业英语四级写作题型1）旧题：Direction-Write2）新题：Read-Summarize-CommentRead carefully the following except on term-time holiday arguments in the U.K. and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: •summarize the main message of the except, and then•comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save money.第二部分：不变1）题材●环保、社会经济发展、诚信、文化）●教育择业、人生哲理（价值观）●爱心和伦理、健康、网络电讯2）核心内容（开篇点题-关联词-核心例证）第三部分：变●第一段●做题流程第四部分：做题流程1）阅读：首尾、转折、否定2）归纳主旨、看出写作题材3）第一段：模板+主题词●不能没有模板（原创的危险性）●也不能只背模板句●模板和文章指向内容相融合4）第二段：提供相应例证对于主题进行支持5）第三段：呼应第一段As one of your tenants, I am writing to kindly inform you that I feel awfully sorry for what had happened. Last night I had a bitter quarrel with my girlfriend Niki who co-lives with me in the Charles Street, Boston, MA. When I was playing the League of Legends with my team on your Alien computer,she came to the living room, urging me to work harder for the United States Medical Licensing Examination. Immediately, I felt extremely impatient and anxious. Unfortunately, I couldn’t help pushing her on the abdomen. This bitch suddenly ran wild, up my iphone 7 plus from the dinner table and threw it right on my nose, saying “Your mother fucker! Asshole! ” Abnormally, I dodged unconsciously and that mobile phone narrowly flew over the tip of my left eyebrow, smashing your computer screen spontaneously.例子：首尾It is a warm autumn morning, and I am walking through downtown Mountain View, Calif. A small vehicle that looks like a cross between a golf cart and a bubble-topped spaceship glides to a stop at an intersection. Someone is sitting in the passenger seat, but no one seems to be sitting in the driver seat. How odd, I think. And then I realize I am looking at a Google car. The technology giant is headquartered in Mountain View, and the company is road-testing its diminutive autonomous cars there. This is my first encounter with a fully autonomous vehicle on a public road.The Google car waits patiently as a pedestrian passes in front of it. Another car across the intersection signals a left-hand turn, but the Google car has the right of way. The automated vehicle takes the initiative and smoothly accelerates through the intersection. The passenger, I notice, appears preternaturally calm.I am both amazed and unsettled. I have heard from friends and colleagues that my reaction is not uncommon. A driverless car can challenge many assumptions about human superiority to machines.例子：转折词不见得是But, However, Nevertheless,It is frequently assumed that/the mechanization of work has a revolutionaryeffect/on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization's effects, but they agreed that it would transform women's lives.In fact, historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, seriously question this assumption of transforming power.注意以下词汇：1）但是：But, However, Nevertheless2）实际上：In fact, Actually, As a matter of fact, Indeed3）让步：though, even though, although4）惊奇、不幸、讽刺：astonishingly, surprisingly, stunningly, startlingly, unfortunately, ironically5）Instead of, rather than结论：1）读很重要，没有观点，无法写好第一段2）找到主旨，第一段填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words3）关键是第二段4）讲课顺序：●怎么套第一段●第二段应该怎么想●怎么背第五部分：怎么套第一段1）第一句话：5-8秒2）第二句话：抓住议论文的特点，用模板句过渡3）总结文章的主题，形成填空The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 words4）如何填空●定名词，不要乱换●换动词，换（消）形容词●换句型和语序例子：The essay mainly discusses the issue of a fully automatic automobile in Mountain View, California. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that a driverless car can change the traditional idea that human wisdom can be superior to the machines, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsThe essay mainly discusses the effects of mechanization effects on the individuals and society. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and an in-depth analysis, the author states that the power of machines cannot greatly change the women’s lives, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.54 wordsquestion: …the transforming power of machines on the women’s lives is questionable.第六部分：定住第一段，才能写好第二段1）如何进行头脑风暴物质金钱责任爱心作息娱乐健康方便快捷沟通安全时尚素质成功违法文化发展环保趋势管制2）背诵顺序●先宏观题材●再微观题材●注意人生哲理和教育择业（和八级考试类似）第七部分：各种题材的写法题材1：社会经济发展写作思路第一段：表态第二段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：环保-交通堵塞-出行不便-恐怖袭击第三段：建议措施：建立机制-制定计划-听专家的-媒体-万能结尾句旧题目的考法：Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don't think so. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:新题目的考法：So many places in the world rely heavily on tourism as a key source of income and employment nowadays, as well as a way of showing off national and local heritage, plus perceived successes.Unfortunately, tourism can also be a source of problems too, especially if it is not managed correctly. A constant flow of foreign visitors can, for instance, undermine the beauty, uniqueness, character, and social coherence of a tourist destination over time.It is easy to underestimate the scale of world tourism without being aware of the figures. There were estimated to be around 983 million international tourist arrivals In 2011 —this is nearly a 5 percent increase on the numbers in the previous year.Travelers in those sorts of numbers can easily present huge challenges and problems for many destinations, including transport, places to stay, policing, and maintenance.参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the advantages (benefits) and disadvantages (drawbacks) of tourism development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that tourism industry is of great importance (indispensable) for a nation under rapid economic growth. In this process, the importance of environmental protection cannot be ignored, as can beseen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that (Evidently/Beyond doubt/Undeniably,) there exist some problems such as air quality degradation and water pollution. The most serious ones even include the loss of local ecological balance (a terrorist attack), while the minor ones are the commuting inconvenience to the local residents. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that the social and economic return of tourism is attractive. For one thing, in the process of developing this industry, a tourist city can not only pool its various resources, but also adjust its industrial structure. In this way, infrastructure construction can be greatly strengthened, hence providing a solid basis to the sustaining urban growth. For another thing, tourism growth will provide new incentive to the local economy, because its boom often becomes a source of government revenue as well as a provider of job opportunities. To conclude, the influence of encouraging tourism industry is far reaching, in terms of social development and economic reward （international image）.To sum up, it is essential that a country provide mechanism for the development of tourism industry. To bring its negative influence under control, the government department can make plans for the environmental conservation. In this way, a tourist city can impress the outside world with its new image: a place with beautiful scenes, meanwhile, with a high level of civilization.补充好词好句：“万能”结尾段：模板和主题指向相结合1）建立机制：In the issue of 主题词 (misleading information and empty promises in the advertisements), it is essential that an effective feedback mechanism (should) be set up at the government level.2）制定计划：In this framework, the relevant government departments are supposed to make concrete plans to control … (promote …).3）听专家的话：Meanwhile, advice from researchers and experts cannot be ignored:After all, they are more professional and qualified, especially in the process of policy making (in the establishment of quality standard system).4）媒体的力量：The mainstream media, including TV stations and websites, is also an indispensable part. They can launch a campaign in (give a wide coverage to) the issue. In this way, the general public can form the awareness that … is the mainstream (the general trend), and then play their part in this matter. 5）结尾1: In a sense, it is not why the issue exists in our society, but what should be done to handle it properly.6）Having read this essay, some readers might think that my proposals are somewhat conservative, no less traditional, but they are at least rational and realistic. 7）My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材2：环保写作思路第一段：表态第二段：分析好处：调整产业结构-整合资源-增加政府税收-增加就业-改善基建设施-国际化形象问题：为了利润-不自律-不负责-没责任感-政府不管-破坏-消失第三段：建立机制…写作练习题：大气雾霾防治（引文略）The essay above mainly discusses the issue of air pollution in a large city under rapid development. By providing concrete facts, complete statistics and in-depth analysis, the author holds that the elimination of PM 2.5 is of great importance for a nation, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.Evidently, as a country with rapid economic development, China has to various resources, adjusting its industrial structure. In this background, economicactivities are the most important in the national strategy. In this process, air pollution is almost inevitable. This statement does have a grain of truth at the first glimpse, but it must be pointed out that some industries, such as mining sectors and steam plants and metallurgical factories, often lack self-discipline in their daily business operation, discharging various kinds of air pollutants into the atmosphere. For another thing, their responsibility of environmental protection is seldom truly performed. In this situation, under a slack supervision system, these activities are bringing a negative influence to the urban development. The environment is being ruined in many large cities. Clean air and blue sky are gradually vanishing from these regions.On the basis of the analysis, effective measures can be taken as following. First, the central authority of China is supposed to provide a control mechanism so that air pollution can be limited, but the incentive of economic growth is maintained. Second, the government department must make concrete plans to control pollutant emission. Third and last, it is essential that new technologies be developed, the most reliable method to change the whole situation. My advices sound general, because I am not professional in this field, but they are at least rational and realistic.题材3：诚信话题思路：1）便利-效率-安全2）金钱-自律操守-责任-管制-破坏-消失原文：After supper, most people would sit on the sofa and watch TV programs with families. And there is one thing always annoying people-TV commercial. TV commercial is such a thing which almost involved every TV grogram and every person's life. Some people claimed that TV commercials should be eliminated because TV programs misleadpeople to buy some useless products, it caused a lot of waste.In order to hook the potential consumers, some TV ads choose ambiguous introductory statements to highlight the so-called special performance of their products. In this case, many TV viewers often receive the information passively, thus very often paying for a product which doesn’t meet their potential demand.But sometimes TV commercial does bring us some conveniences. First is that TV station needs money to make more interesting programs. The business men give them money and they insert the TV commercials inside their programs-that's a fairly deal. The second is that TV commercials also provide people with some useful information. People could know what products are popular currently and what they should buy through the information. The last is that TV commercials give people a chance to have a break when they are watching an excellent TV program. You can have a rest, go fetch some foods or go to toilet without missing any interesting things.参考范文：题目转化为：Nowadays TV commercials are gaining increasing popularity in our lives. What are their advantages and drawbacks? Give your opinion.第一段：Some people think that, other people think that并不好写Recently, there emerged a social highlight, that is, various kinds of advertisements are gaining more popularity in our lives. Some people believe that their benefits outweigh the so-called problems, while others argue that the opposite might be true. By comparison, I agree with the latter point of view for the reason as following.Evidently, advertisements are indispensable in our lives，providing the consumers with convenience and efficiency (或者a wealth of information such as the size and function of a product. However, it must be pointed out that (those who disagree with such a point of view emphasize that) some drawbacks of TV commercials cannot be overlooked, particularly misleading information, false message or emptymessage they probably provide. Under a slack supervision system, the lack of occupational self-discipline among some advertisement companies will probably bring a negative influence to the market: the reputation of the whole industry is being ruined, and the faith to quality foods is gradually vanishing from the consumer groups.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view. I believe that consumers can benefit greatly from advertisements on TV. However, despite the fact that there might be some advantages, it is still necessary that some feedback mechanism should be set up at the government level. In this framework, a serried of plans can be make in order to control those misleading TV commercial into the market. Meanwhile, researchers and experts must play their part in this issue: they are more professional and qualified, particularly in the establishment of standard system. My proposals might be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic.题材4：文化和时尚思路：1）时尚：便利-效率-简洁-消费-时尚2）文化：历史-智慧-遗产-形象-价值-过时题目：Traditional Chinese characters r simplified Chinese characters?PART ⅥWRITINGShould we revive traditional Chinese characters orcontinue using simpli fied characters? This has been an intensely discussed question for ye ars. The following are the supporters' and opponents' opinions. Read carefully the opinions fromboth sides and writer your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should firstsummarize the opinion s from both sides and give your view on the issue.YESTraditional characters, which date back to more than 2000 years ago, have a more beautifulappearance and a more reasonable structure. As indicated by examples, traditional characters make more sense, convey traditional values and can thereforerepresent traditional culture.For two millennia, Chinese historical records and classic works were written in traditionalcharacters. To be able to read them and inherit traditional culture, we need to bringtraditional characters back. Politically, it is also necessary to restore traditional Chinese chara cters. Currently, traditionalcharacters are still in used in Hong Kong, Taiwan and many Chinese communities around theworld. Restoring them can contribute to cross-Str aits exchanges and national reunification andunite Chinese people aroun d the world.NOIn today's world, efficiency matters most. Traditional characters, whic h usually have morestrokes than simplified ones, are more difficult t o learn. By contrast simplified, characters aremuch easier to learn and use.Over the past 50 years, lots of classic texts have been turned into simplified-characterversions, which means simplified-character can also promote and preserve traditional culture.Constant simplification has been a trend in the evolution of Chinese characters. From theoracle bones script of 3000 years ago to tradit ional characters, the Chinese writing systemhas always been slimming d own for better communication.参考范文：As is shown in the essay above, simplified Chinese characters become increasingly important in the modern society. However, the influence of traditionalones cannot be ignored. People might vary in their views in this matter, but simplified characters are the trend in the future, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.There’s no denying the fact that those traditional Chinese characters have a long history in a country like China, and they are still being used in some other parts (regions) of China. These characters can either be regarded as a symbol of ancient civilization, but also represent an element of national heritage. Nevertheless, it must be pointed out that simplified language system is indispensable for a nation under rapid development. For one thing, efficiency is the key note in this transformation. For another thing, productiveness plays a key role in various kinds of economic and social activities. As a result, it is inevitable that language changes into an open and direct pattern in order to achieve face-to-face communication. In this situation, simplified Chinese characters are the primary choice (option) for many people, even though traditional ones also have a folk value in a country.To sum up, I’d like to emphasize my point of view in the first paragraph. Language will become increasingly simplified along with the social development. This statement might not be conservative, but it is at least rational and realistic, at least in the current social setting in China.(230 words)题材5：爱心关注思路：物质金钱责任爱样文：如果不是对立观点怎么办？December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world havevolunteered to help those in needs. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?The above mentioned facts show that volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain "to benefit another person, group or organization". Volunteering is also renowned for the improvement of human quality of life. Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education and emergency. Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.参考范文The essay above mainly discusses the issue of volunteering in the world. By providing concrete facts and reliable statistics, the author holds that a growing number of people are doing volunteering work in our society. And they are playing an increasingly important (indispensable) part in a civilized society, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.Undeniably, Those who disagree with volunteering might emphasize that people are hard pressed with test results or a tight job market, so it is hard to strike a balance between volunteering and one’s career. Such possibility does exist, but it must be pointed out that the influence of volunteering is still indispensable. The major reason is that such work enables many professional or warm-hearted people them to assist the elders, the young, and the homeless. It follows that the social responsibility and moral obligation can be better carried out. As a result, those disadvantaged groups can receive material support, mental back-up and spiritual comfort.In sum, I believe that people can benefit greatly from their volunteering work. Love is never vague and abstract, but always visible and concrete. Different socialgroups can be brought together, when each citizen extends his helping hand.题材6：身心健康：基本思路：金钱-占用时间-耗费精力-生活颠倒-亚健康选文：如果段落比较难，怎么办？抓名词-代词-连词It seems particularly apropos given our current social climate to pay lip service to stress. We have to deal with it often, despite our best attempts to avoid it. Fortunately some kinds of stress are minor and innocuous, yet others are incendiary and damaging.No matter the scale, the consequence, or the context, understanding how to deal with stress, or say physical and mental pressure, is a life skill. I know that some people are even crippled by the thought of stress. I think that any stress-related fears arise because we are never taught how to grapple with such moments. It’s a shame, and perhaps many a more grave situation could be avoided were we imparted with some resolution and avoidance strategies at an early age.参考范文：追求非模板？不如背（写）模板还没学会走，就不要想着跑。
英语专业四级写作辅[1]...ppt
![英语专业四级写作辅[1]...ppt](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c607b3c314791711cc7917ef.png)
Letter of thanks (感谢信) A) 对于收信人的恵助表示感谢 B) 解释感谢的原因或因对方的帮助给自己带来的 好处 C) 再次表示诚挚谢意 I don’t know how to express my gratitude for you… (谢意,感谢:thanks, thankfulness, gratitude, gratefulness, appreciation…) I cannot tell you how much I owe you… It was thoughtful (more than kind, generous, etc) of you… Thank you again for your generosity (hospitality, generous help, timely-rain help, etc)…
文体占5% (Write naturally: write in a way that comes naturally.)
Writing Practice: Please write a 200-word composition on the topic below:
Harmony
写作临场发挥“三要素”：
Writing practice:
You lost your favorite walkman on Oct 29th. Your friend found it and brought it back to you yesterday evening. Please write a thank-letter to her/him.
Jack
(56 words)
Letter of Refusal(拒绝信) A) 收到邀请 B)表示感谢 C) 阐述不能赴邀的原因 D) 表示遗憾和美好的祝愿
英语四级写作培训讲义.doc
英语四级写作培训讲义李国庆四级考试从1987年以来已经走过了23个年头。
2006年6月实行新四级考试，12月份开始全国将全面推行新四级考试。
对于新四级考试，我们可以清楚地看到，虽然考试难度较之以前有所偏易，但是考试本身对于英语的全面考察却是加强了。
新四级考试，题型分为写作、快速阅读、听力、基本阅读、选词填空、完型填空和汉译英。
就我个人而言，写作、听力和阅读(快速阅读和基础阅读)是重点，因此考生对于这三部分的得分多少，将直接决定着其考试分数的高低。
下面就让我们学习英语四级的写作一、四级写作的问题(一)存在问题1.不会写所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。
笔者认为主要是存在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说;二是心里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。
于是思前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。
2.写不好所谓写不好就是，拿过作文题，没有明确的写作思路，不按套路出牌;或是简单汉语逻辑思维写作，不符合英语写作标准，近而没有文采。
原因在于：第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯;第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。
(二)解决办法第一，首先必须熟悉英语四级写作具体要求。
英语四级考试要求考生在30分钟内写出120字的文章。
体材主要有议论文(分为“Topic题型”和A&B又称“正反观点题”)应用文(主要是书信)、图表文等。
针对不同的体裁，写作思路是不同的。
比如，以议论文举例来说：1.议论文写作思路2.议论文分类：阐述主题型作文(Topic);正反观点型作文(A&B)3.阐述主题型作文写作：(这类题型作文要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述)4. 正反观点型作文(A&B)(这类题型作文通常从正反两方面来分别论述，最后得出你自己的结论。
采用论点加论据写作形式。
)第二，熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念。
1.英语文章段落结构特点英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩展句+结尾句(1)主题句：所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
评分标准：（语言，内容）1．内容要切题, 统一：写作内容要围绕题目规定的话题展开。
提纲式作文要求根据提纲规定的内容和范围展开段落，不能按照自己的思路发挥。
且一个段落或一篇文章只有一个中心观点，其他各句，各段均围绕这一中心观点展开描写或论述，否则会留下思路混乱的印象。
2．语篇连贯：层次分明，条理清楚。
上下文之间，词与词之间，句与句之间要上下连贯，前后呼应，这样文章结构才会严谨，思路清晰，有条理。
注意连词，衔接词，指示代词的运用，过度词使文章自然流畅以防生硬。
3．语言准确：用词和语法的准确性。
无重大语法错误，如：时态不一致，主谓数不一致，用词不当等。
4．句式多样性：为避免句型的单调，增加句式的多样性和语言的表现力，在文章中应使用不同结构，不同类型，不同长短的句子，如：简单句，复杂句，倒装句，排比句，感叹句等。
如何提高写作水平？选词存在的问题** 喜欢用老生常谈的词汇如：喜欢like, enjoy, prefer, love;不能做什么can’t do, fail to do, unable to do1.good: positive(effect), favorable(impression), promising(有希望的future)，perfect, pleasant(weather) , excellent, outstanding, superior(to ) 2.bad: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)，less impressiveeg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.3. many: (an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of,)4. some: a slice of, quiet a few , several5.think: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it iswidely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)6.in my opinion : for my part ,from my own perspective7.frown on sth替换be against , disagree with sth8.get many benefits: reap huge fruits9.more and more: Increasing(ly),growing修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. Eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.10. Helpful: beneficial, rewarding11. Customer: shopper, consumer, purchaser12. Very: exceedingly, extremely, intensely13. attract one's attention: capture one's attention pour attention into替换pay attention to14. cause: give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger15. reasons for sth: There are several reasons behind sth16. Want: desire17. Remember: bear in mind that18. Have: enjoy(high social status/salary)19. Should: be expected to; be supposed to; It’s imperative for sb to do** 喜欢用汉语式的思维来对译英语词汇，忽视其内涵，如：I am bad in grammar and vocabulary (bad---poor)I want to hear the music (hear---listen to)If you meet some trouble, you can look for the policeman.(turn to)If you have no money to spend, you can ask from your parents and friends (ask sb for sth)Disadvantages are more than advantages (outweigh)选词标准1．用熟悉的词，不用生僻，把握不准的词 e.g. home, house, habitation; stop, pause, cessation2．用简洁的词代替短语，句子For, for the purpose of; after graduation, after she had graduated3．用具体词代替抽象词, 尽量用小词不用大词或华丽的辞藻，让事实说话，避免空洞e.g. China is a big country. It gas a large population and Chinese people are very good.--- The total area of China is over 9.6 million square meters. It has a population of about 1.4 billion and Chinese people are very kind/ warm-hearted/ honest/ selfless/ friendly/amiable4．用词应多样话，尽量多用近义词，同义词，反义词给文章增色，使用人称代词，指示代词来代替上文提到的人或事，使文章更加紧凑简洁，避免重复。
5．尽量使用词性变化来丰富自己的表达手段。
如使用派生形式来点缀文章亮点。
多用名词，介词词组：it is of great importance/ help/ use/ significance 替代it is very important/ significant/ helpful/ useful造句存在的问题1．句子罗嗦冗长，重复表达，不简洁。
In my opinion, I think that many families have the money to buy a TV set. ----I think that any families can afford a TV set.2．句式变化少，多简单句，主动语态和陈述句First, I go to the class. I am absorbed in my lesson. I take notes. Thus, I will pass the examination. Second, I go to the library. For I am not satisfied with what I have learned in the class. I must go to the library to enrich my knowledge.--- First, I go to the classroom where I am absorbed in my lesson by taking notes in order to pass the examination.Second, library is a good place to enrich my knowledge, for I’m not satisfied with what I’ve learned.3．句子语法结构错误多American people are patriotic and love to meet challenge. (andaggressive)English is a useful language, she decides. to learn it.---English is so useful a language that she decides to learn it.有效句的标准特点1．完整性(语义不完整)e.g. Dofu was one of the greatest poets.--- … of the Tang Period.She is too young. Because it is useful.2．连贯性（句中的成分间具有合乎逻辑的有机联系，思路清晰）平行结构有缺点We thought she was charming , intelligent and a very capable young woman.代词指代不清He was knocked down by a bike, but it was not serious.(but was not badly hurt.)I’m going to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he’s a dramatist I like.(the speaker)修饰语与被修饰语间的关系不明确To get up early, the clock was set at six. (he set the clock at six) Although seriously ill, the boss made her work ten hours a day. (she had to work )He give a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody believe. (, a reason which nobody believed.)人称，数时态有混乱之处An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize. (he)His job was a policeman (he was a policeman)3．精练性It was blue in color, and small in size. (It was blue and small)He returned in the early part of the month of August. (in early August)Mr Smith usually likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France. (Mr Smith prefers wines produced in France/ French wines) 4．强调性（突出重心，层次感）They were waiting for the meeting to begin. They talked with each other. They talked about the women’s volleyball team. The team had won victories in Tokyo= While waiting for the meeting to begin, they talked about the victory won by the women’s …in Tokyo.Li is a new student. He comes from a southern province. He speaks a dialect. We find it hard to understand his dialect.= Li, a new student from a …, speaks a dialect which is difficult for us to understand.5．句式多样化（好文章的基本要求，为使其更具吸引力，避免全文用结构相同长度相近的句子，否则文章显得单调，呆板，说服力不强）句子多样化的手段1）改变句子结构粗心驾驶易引起车祸Traffic accidents are invited by careless drivingCareless driving invites traffic accidents.For anyone to drive carelessly is to invite the traffic accidents.The fact that you drive carelessly invites traffic accidents.Driving carelessly invites traffic accidents.Traffic accidents are what careless driving invites.Anyone who drives carelessly is to invite traffic accidents.2）改变句子长度America is a new country. It’s a nation of nations. People from all over the world exploded and developed this new country. Everyone is considered equal. They make a name through hard work. It’s a classless society. A farmer’s son can work his way up to be a president.==Exploded and developed by the people from all over the world, America is a new country, a nation of nations, a classless society where everyone is considered equal, everyone can make a name through hard work, 安定even a farmer’s son can work his way up to be a president.3）改变句子主语I’m so angry that I can’t utter a word.= anger choked my words.I studied in a college in 1991.== 1991 found (witness, saw) me studying ina college.There is a great change in China in 2008.We couldn’t go out because of heavy rain.== Heavy rain prevented usfrom going out.It often means a demanding job to learn a new language.== learning a new language often means a demanding job.We are still not clear with what the teacher taught last time.== What the teacher taught last time is still not very clear to us.4）改变句子开头以分词开头 e.g. waking up in the morning, I dressed quickly.以不定式开头 e.g. To win the match, the volleyball players practiced very hard.以形容词开头 e.g. Intelligent and hard working, the girl passed the test. 以副词开头 e.g. Finally, the time for decision had come.以同位语开头 e.g. An expert in forest fore control, the forest ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods.以状语从句开头 e.g. When he was four, he began to take music lessons from his mother.5) 适当使用修辞，如倒装，强调，加强语气，渲染气氛。