2016年上海市黄浦区高三二模考试英语试题含答案
浦东新区2016届高三教学质量检测(二模)英语试卷(含答案)
浦东新区2015学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2016.4II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)When I first hiked in the silent Ponderosa pines of the Black Hills, I was surprised at how quiet the world became. Nowadays, when I walk in the woods, I notice other things. I hear songs of unseen birds and catch glimpses of wildflower color, all of (25)______ make great subjects for me to put in front of a camera.Finding those birds is (26)______ I‟ve spent more time in the woods of Eastern South Dakota this year than any other. Last spring I witnessed and photographed the songbird migration for the first time. I saw brightly colored birds that I‟d never seen before. I guess I (27)______ (hook) because this spring I was back in the woods searching for more.I have a goal to photograph all the colorful birds that call South Dakota home. One that has hidden from me to this day is the Scarlet Tanager(猩红比蓝雀). They are best found in Union Grove State Park or Newton Hills and are colored red with black wings. This year, I made three separate trips to find them. I also took time (28)______ (learn) their song and call. This helped me find a female at dusk at Union Grove, but I could not get a decent photo. Later in the week, as I began another search at Newton Hills, a Summer Tanager flew to a tree next to me and gave me a long look. It was a real treat because the Summer Tanager is much (29)______ (rare) to find in South Dakota. Later in the day, I finally saw my first male Scarlet …well, his tail feathers anyway. By the time I (30)_____(spot) him, he was flying deep into the woods. I was disappointed. Then I thought this might be an invitation. “Come back into the woods. Lose (31)_____ among the leaves, listen to the song I sing and maybe one day we will meet.” I look forward to that day.(B)There may be no greater proof to a society‟s creativity and vision than Egypt‟s pyramids of Giza, but the pyramids are only part of ancient Egypt‟s heritage. Many of the devices of their society are still commonplace. Here are two of their amazing inventions.Eye MakeupSure, eye makeup might not rank alongside fire or the wheel (32)______ one of the most important discoveries in human history, but it gives the Egyptians a run for longevity. (33)______ they first invented eye makeup as far back as 4000 B.C., it has never gone out of style. Even more impressive, some cosmetically-minded cultures still create makeup using the same techniques (34)______ (originate) in Egypt thousands of years ago. They combined soot(煤烟) with a mineral to create a black mixture, which is stillpopular today.For the Egyptians, makeup was not limited to women. Status and appearance went hand in hand, and (35)______ ______ ______ the upper class was concerned, the more makeup the better. Fashion was only part of the reason for the Egyptians‟ heavy hand when applying eyeliner. They also believed that it could cure various eye diseases and even prevent them (36)______ (fall) victim to the evil eye.Breath MintsNext time you buy Mentos at the counter of 7-Eleven, you (37)______ thank the ancient Egyptians for creating a way to conceal the unpleasant smell of our mouth. Just as in modern times, bad breath in ancient Egypt was (38)______ symbol of poor dental health. Unlike us, the Egyptians didn‟t have sweet soft drinks and foods that contribute to tooth decay, but the stones (39)______(employ) to make flour for bread brought a lot of sand to their diet, which damaged their teeth.The Egyptians had specialists for many medical problems, but unfortunately, they didn‟t have dentists to fix their bad teeth. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists (40)______ have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians. To cope with the unpleasant smell from their rotting mouths, they invented the first mints, which were a combination boiled with honey and shaped into pills.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Developing an original and creative idea requires that two completely different networks in the brain work at the same time: the associative network alongside the more “conservative(保守的)” network, according to new research ___41___ at the University of Haifa.The researchers ___42___ that “creative thinking apparently require s …checks and balances‟.” According to the researchers, creativity is our ability to think in new ways to solve problems. But not every original solution is considered a creative one. If the idea is not fully applicable,it is not considered creative, but simply one which is ___43___.The researchers assumed that for a creative idea to be produced, the brain must ___44___ a number of different and perhaps even contradictory(矛盾的) networks. In the first part of the research, respondents were given half a minute to come up with a new, original and unexpected idea for the use of different objects. Answers provided with low frequency received a high score for originality, while those given ___45___ received a low score. In the second part, respondents were asked to give, within half a minute, their best characteristic ___46___ of the objects. During the tests, all subjects were scanned using an FMRI device to examine their brain activity while providing the answer.The researchers found ___47___brain activity in an “associative” region among participants whose originality was high. This region, which includes the medial brain areas, mainly works in the backgroundwhen a person is not concentrating, similar to daydreaming.But the researchers found that this region did not operate alone when an original answer was given. For the answer to be original, an additional region worked in cooperation with the associative region—the administrative control region, a more “conservative” region related to social norms and rules. The researchers also found that the stronger the ___48___, the better these regions work together in parallel, the greater the level of originality of the answer.“On t he one hand, there is surely a need for a region that produces innovative ideas, but on the other hand there is also the need for one that will know to ___49___ how applicable and reasonable these ideas are. The ability of the brain to operate these two regions in parallel is what results in creativity. It is possible that the most ___50___ creations of humanity were produced by people who had an especially strong connection between the two regions,” the researchers concluded.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, ___51___ all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the ___52___ from classroom to career world and have difficulty ___53___ life on the job.Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences—from childhood through university—are fairly ___54___, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, ___55___, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant ___56___ is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are ___57___ to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make ___58___ about their work, not just follow a supervisor‟s instructions.”Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will prepare them to succeed in today‟s workplace.Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to ___59___ on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly ___60___ with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee‟s ___61___ not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork—and deal with problems when they arise—is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don‟t get quite ___62___ to in a school setting.How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some ___63___. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world. ___64___ this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the ___65___ of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.51. A. with regard to B. thanks to C. in spite of D. in view of52. A. action B. shift C. routine D. variety53. A. turning to B. reacting to C. adjusting to D. seeing to54. A. predictable B. considerable C. accessible D. flexible55. A. however B. in addition C. for example D. in return56. A. change B. reminder C. prediction D. difficulty57. A. encouraged B. unprepared C. entitled D. undetermined58. A. predictions B. targets C. decisions D. inquiries59. A. independence B. performance C. competition D. teamwork60. A. argue B. bargain C. identify D. interact61. A. success B. ambition C. completion D. purpose62. A. attached B. exposed C. related D. addicted63. A. patience B. advice C. expectation D. relief64. A. Pairing B. Charging C. Involving D. Rewarding65. A. availability B. possibilities C. invasion D. realitiesSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Fans of reptiles like snakes will want to pay more attention to a special vehicle that has recently hit the streets: the Super Green Turtle Machine.Just like Batman has his Batmobile, Jesse Rothacker and Forgotten Friend Reptile Sanctuary (FFRS) can now be found touring Lancaster County in the Super Green Turtle Machine, a van with an important mission. Rothacker had co-written a song cal led “Super Green Turtle Machine” with musician Steven Courtney. The song became the inspiration for the van.FFRS is celebrating its 12th year rescuing and advocating for reptiles and creatures of all shapes and sizes. The Super Green Turtle Machine will be rolling out to upcoming Forgotten Friend programs and frequent reptile rescue calls. “We have more than 60 educational events already scheduled for 2016,”Rothacker mentioned. The programs will educate audiences of all ages about reptiles and other amazinganimals that are often given a bad reputation.“The idea behind the Turtle Machine is to take a marginalized animal group like reptiles and give them some positive publicity on social media,”Rothacker explained. When reptile fans see the van parked with its colorful turtle mascot (吉祥物) giving a thumb-up, they are invited to take a photo with the vehicle with their own thumbs up sign. “Lots of people will have an opportunity to tell their friends on Facebook and Twitter that they give reptiles a thumb-up,”Rothacher said. “Then they can post their pictures to social media with the tag Give Reptiles A Chance.” To sweeten the deal, FFRS will choose several winners from those who post photos for special prizes such as T-shirts, books, and other reptile-related items.In addition to the positive publicity, the Super Green Turtle Machine will serve a more practical purpose, as well. Rothacker and his team hope to make a few more changes to the van in the future. “The main work is done, but we‟d love to finish her up,”Rothacker shared. “We have plans to add flashing caution lights for when we stop to help snakes and turtles cross the road.” Further enhancements to the Turtle Machine include adding extra tools to help with reptile rescue pickups and live educational events.As FFRS is a non-profit, donations toward the Super Green Turtle Machine are tax deductible. Interested individuals may contribute at www. .66. What can we learn from the passage about Jesse Rothacker?A. He is good at composing songs.B. He has many batmobiles.C. He cures creatures of all shapes and sizes.D. He works for FFRS.67. What‟s the mission of the Super Green Turtle Machine?A. To roll out to the street for people to take pictures with.B. To publicize reptiles positively and give them practical help.C. To inspire people with the songs the van plays.D. To choose the winners from those posting good photos.68. What does the underlined word “marginalized” in the 4th paragraph most probably mean?A. Often neglected.B. Highly endangered.C. Much valued.D. Widely noticed.69. According to Rothacker, which of the following is NOT among the possible changes to the van?A. Flashing caution lights.B. Colourful turtle mascots.C. Tools for live educational events.D. Reptile rescue pickup tools.70. According to Miss Manners, the proper way to deal with a kid asking for gifts is _______.A. to ignore the kid ‟s request for giftsB. to scold the kid for asking for presentsC. to tell kids gift giving is voluntary and two-wayD. to advise the kid ‟s mum to teach him proper manners71. Which of the following does Miss Manners advise you to do at a party?A. Suggest guests arriving during the event.B. Directly remind guests to leave at a proper time.C. Inform guests of both starting and finishing hours.D. Give guests clear hint when they should leave the party.72. In witch part of a newspaper can you find this passage?A. Advice Section.B. Live Chats Section.C. Entertainment Section.D. Classified Ads Section.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size of Belgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world‟senvironmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle the image of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now, the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right. Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in the Brazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atm osphere. That is an amount equal to a year‟s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil‟s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil‟s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Want More Innovation? Get More Diversity(多样性)Research by my colleague and I suggests that university administrators who do not work hard to attract and retain African-American teaching staff may well be missing out on an important benefit: Academic departments that are more diverse may produce more creative ideas and work.A mathematical model has been developed to study the effects of diversity. And we discovered a simple truth: More diverse groups may do better because they are less conformist（墨守成规的）.Picture it: You‟re brainstorming with you r best friend of 30 years. You grew up in the same neighborhood, went to the same school, and stood up for each other at your weddings. When a crazy idea crosses your mind, you immediately see all the reasons why he may dismiss it. On the other hand, you know what ideas he is receptive to — so why not start with those?Now suppose you‟re brainstorming with someone who grew up with a different perspective and who has very different experiences from you. Would you be more willing to share your crazy idea with her? After all, you have no clue what ideas she is open to — so why not try it out?Something like this may be going on in the academic workplace. We often don‟t realize it, but we constantly think about how people around us will react to us. In itself, this is not a bad thing. If we didn‟t put ourselves into other people‟s shoes, we‟d experience even more disagreements andmisunderstandings than we already do.But our research suggests that a little unpredictability may not be a bad thing. In fact, a little more unpredictability may be what we need to make us all a little less conformist and a little more open to trying new things.Extensive data suggest that more diverse teams outperform homogeneous(同质的) teams when it is crucial to be innovative, which agrees with our mathematical model.So if diverse groups outperform more homogeneous ones, why do university administrators not choose to hire more African-Americans? There are many possible reasons, but one is that people have a tendency to hire people like themselves. Interacting with people like ourselves allows us to stay within our comfort zones. It is certainly easier to find common ground with one‟s friend of 30 years than with a stranger. Yet given the increasing emphasis on innovation and creativit y in today‟s economy, it pays for universities to actively pursue a more racially and ethnically diverse teaching staff. So, stop hiring people who look like you.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Research by the writer and his colleague indicates that the more diverse academic apartments are,___________________________.79. According to the writer, showing ready comprehension of others‟situation will contribute to_____________________.80. As is suggested in the research, what can make us more open to diversity?81. Why is a university administrator more likely to hire people like him?第II 卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今晚为什么不看本杂志放松一下呢？（relax）2.他在一些无关紧要的事上花费太多时间，导致了整个项目的失败。
上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语二模汇编----语法填空-老师版(已经校对)
One【2072虹口区】Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.Loss of Biodiversity (生物多样性) Affects Human Society If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels (21) ______ (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies.The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies (22) ______ they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels.If species go on disappearing, this can disturb many vital processes (23) ______ crop pollination (授粉) and the decomposition (分解) of waste.A framework which defines the environmental limits within (24) ______ humans can really operate -- called planetary boundaries -- says (25) ______ (lose) more than 10% of the biodiversity in an area places the local ecosystem at risk.Ecosystems are all different but this percentage is considered as a good measure of safety.A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world’s land surface (26) ______ (reduce) below this level already.These areas house 71% of the global population.Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, is one of the authors of the study.He says, “Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, (27) ______ doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a remarkable higher risk (28) ______ things will go badly wrong.”The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average.Purvis hopes this report (29) ______ become a wake-up call to thosewho design policies.Here’s his warning: “Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions (衰退), but an ecological recession could have even (30) ______ (bad) consequences –and the biodiversity damage we’ve had means we’re at risk of that happening.Until and unless we can bring biodiversity back up, we’re playing ecological roulette (轮盘赌).”Keys:21.considered 22.because / as / since 23.like 24.which 25.losing26.has been reduced 27.it 28.that 29.can 30.worseSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Should Children Ban Their Parents from Social Media?It might be taken for granted - but no previous generation of children will have had the experience of having their entire childhoods intensively and publicly documented in this way.But the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures __21__ (post) online are not always happy about their formative years being preserved in digital world.Parents may not realize it, but by posting photos and videos of their children online, they are creating an identity for their children __22__ might not be welcomed.Lucy is a good example.She said she had asked her dad to de-tag her from “stuff that doesn’t necessarily represent __23__ I am now.That’s not something I’d want to remember every time I log on to Facebook…It isn’t the best memories, which is the way you’d like to reveal __24__ on social media.”Stories about online privacy are often about children and teenagers being warned of the dangers of publishing too much personal information online.But in this case it’s their parents who are in the spotlight.For some parents, __25__ (safe) option is avoiding social media altogether. Kasia Kurowska from Newcastle is expecting her first child in June and has agreed with her partner Lee to impose a blanket ban __26__ her children are old enough to make their own decisions about social media.But she has two big concerns about her plan.Firstly, it will be difficult __27__ (impose).“When their auntie comes round and takes a picture, we’re going to have to be like paparazzi police, saying, please don’t put these on Facebook.And secondly, thechild might dislike __28__ (not own) an online presence, especially if all of their friends do.But I __29__ (keep) a digital record of them.It just won’t have been shared on a platform __30__ the masses.”Keys:21.posted 22.that/which 23.who/that 24.yourself/yourselves 25.the safest26.until/before 27.to impose 28.not owning 29.will keep 30.forSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Over the past sixteen years of my life, I have grown to be a very independent person.This can be both good and bad in the sense that I am able to do things (21)________ my own, yet at times struggle with taking advice from others.Sometimes, hearing what other people have to say can be one of the hardest things to do.However, getting advice from (22)________ cares about you can impact your life in great ways.Because of this, I began realizing that my mom’s guidance throughout my life has never steered me wrong.This is why I believe you (23)________ always listen to your mother.This belief has not been easy (24)________ (realize).It has taken endless amounts of time in which I decided to go against what my mom had to say, and later discovered that she was right.I think we can all agree that (25)________ (admit) your mom was right is always a hard thing to do.But what else are you supposed to say (26)________ you are standing outside in the freezing cold, shaking because you did not wear that extra jacket you (27)________ (tell) to wear?When I was twelve years old, I had the experience of a lifetime.However, I would have missed out if it hadn’t been for my mom.She had been planning a trip to Turkey for work, (28)________ (offer) to bring my sister and me along with her.When I first heard about this opportunity, I was terrified.Never had I been out of the country before.I thought to (29)________, “Is she crazy?”My mom then began to say, “(30)________ is known to all, one needs to step out of his comfort zone and try something new in order to encounter larger-than-life ideas.”Aftergoing back and forth with my own thoughts, I decided to go on the trip.And boy, she was right.Going to Turkey will forever be one of my greatest memories and I am thankful I got to visit that amazing country.Keys:21.on 22.whoever 23.should/must 24.to realize 25.admitting/to admit 26.when/while/if 27.were told/had been told 28.offering 29.myself 30.AsII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Surviving Art TraditionNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved onto totem（图腾）poles.Many people hold the belief (21) _____all Native American Indian tribes （部落）carve的totem poles, but this is far from the truth .Carving totem poles was a tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast (22)______forest grew.However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south west and the plains , and Indians , but (23)______(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.The height of totem poles can vary considerably .Long ago totem poles (24) _______(find) to stand around 12m tall .Today , Native American Indian artists continue to care trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25) _______is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe .A hole is dug for the pole to stand in .The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds of people attend.Ropes are used (26)________(raise) the pole into place.Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising .Often poles are raised in this way (27) ________the carving begins .Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false.Instead of (28) _______(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey the tribes’history .The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation .Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) _________(recognize) in our history .These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ _______ decay and rot.However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.Keys:21.that 22.where 23.fewer 24.were found 25.It26.to raise 27.before 28.acting 29.recognized 30.because ofII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become）a doctor.Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ .But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know everynote of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.KEYS:21.until/before 22.to become 23.with 24.controlled 25.which26.are spared 27.them 28.facing 29.how 30.thatⅡ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankOne steamy July afternoon in central Arkansas, I was working on an important project in my home office.My trusty printer was busy producing an important report (21) ______ it simply stopped.After fifteen minutes of trying to repair, I decided to buy a new printer.Upon my return, my heart froze to see my house on fire.(22) ______ having spent much of my life writing, I was speechless when facing this situation.I was lost for adequate words (23) ______ (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (24) ______ (collect) over a lifetime.But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after (25) ______ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment.Responding to an early security-system warning, the amazing firefighters arrived immediately, (26) ______ the chemical smoke had already caused deaths.I examined and kissed each cat goodbye, extremely grateful that they had passed gently, without injuries or burns.Only animal lovers really understand the unbelievable impact (27) ______ the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart, mind and soul.The loss of so many dearly loved creatures sent me in great sorrow.After staying with a friend of mine for a couple of weeks, I was relocated to a furnished apartment.One evening, about a month after moving in, I (28) ______ (occupy) in writing amystery novel, and at that time a “meow”sounded from outside the apartment door.Was it my mind playing tricks again? More than once I had heard, seen or felt the brush of one of my departed furry roommates.The meow grew louder and more repetitive.Curious, I opened the door. Sitting on the doorstep was a kitten with a black coat and alert eyes.A neighbor (29) ______ (walk) by picked him up and began petting him.When I remarked how cute her kitten was, she explained that it had been born under a bridge and looked around for food.This kitty-loving neighbor was quick to offer an extra litter box if I was interested in giving him a home.My immediate reaction was: “that’s all I need!”without hesitation she put the cute kitten down.I thanked her and closed the door, determined to just let him stay (30) ______ a real home could be found.KEYS:21.when 22.Despite/Although 23.to describe 24.collected 25.being rescued 26.but 27.that/which 28.was occupied 29.Walking 30.untilII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Loving Life in MoosoneeBorn in Moose Factory Island, located about 12 miles inland from the James Bay coastline in northern Ontario, I spent my early childhood years in nearby Moose River Crossing.Our family returned to Moose Factory later, so my siblings（兄弟姐妹）and I could continue our education, （21）______ the local school had been closed down.Moose River Crossing is situated along the only railroad track in Canada that reaches all the way up to the northern community of Moosonee, Ont., which later（22）______ (become) — and still is — my true hometown.（23）______ my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, (24)_________ fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.Over the years, I began to learn more（25）______ my Native culture, the history and our way of life.Then, in 2009, I met a man who later became my husband.（26）______(be) an ambassador of the land and a hunter, my husband taught me how to hunt, fish, set nets, snare rabbits, make a fire in the rain, read the weather and drive a boat.Even after having lived in Moosonee for 26 years, I had never experienced and learned so much on the land and the mighty Moose River,（27）______ the sunsets are breathtakingly beautiful, as I did in the relatively short time I’ve known my husband.I am so thankful and proud（28）_____(give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren.Today, I continue to trace my roots and try to live my life according to them.I have also been back to Moose River Crossing after being away for many years.My older sister and only brother, both hunters, along with a few nephews and nieces, continue to carry on the traditions of our ancestors in Moose River Crossing.Every year, our family gathers for a spring hunt, mainly geese and ducks.In summertime, wego fishing and, in the fall, we head out hunting.In addition to (29)_______(add) to our foods for the year, these excursions are (30)________ our family stories and recollections are shared the most.And there are plenty of stories to go around, all of which are close to my heart and a big part of who I am today.KEYS:21as / because / since 22 became 23 While / When / As 24 something 25 about26.Being 27.Where 28.to be given 29.Adding 30.WhereII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The real reason you should never skip breakfastWe always hear that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and now new research has confirmed what we (21) _________ ( tell ) for years: skipping that morning meal is a very bad idea.New guidance released by the American Heart Association and(22) _________ ( support ) by British experts from the British Heart Foundation warns that skipping breakfast could raise your risk of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, the Daily Mail reports.The review, which was led by scientists from Columbia University in New York, also revealed that up to a third of adults didn’t have breakfast, (23) _________ snacking throughout the day instead ––resulting in health risks.After reviewing numerous studies, the team concluded that (24) _________ who ate regular, healthy breakfast every day were (25) _________ ( likely ) to overeat later on.As a result, their bodies had more time to burn off energy from food before bed.The team suggested we should all aim to eat between 15 and 25% of our daily energy intake early in the morning, which roughly (26) _________ ( equal ) 300-500 calories for a woman and 375-625 calories for a man.(27) _________ the team didn’t provide a sample breakfast, they suggested choosing meals that were high in vital nutrients, including fiber, calcium, potassium and vitamin D.Professor Marie-Pierre St-Onge, (28) _________ led the review panel, said: “Meal timing may affect health due to its impact on the body’s internal clock.We suggest that people eat mindfully, by paying attention to planning both what you eat and (29) _________ you eat meals and snacks, to combat emotional eating.Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (30) _________ ( eat ) too many calories fromfoods that have low nutritional value.”Lacking some inspiration for tomorrow morning? Check out our collection of fast and healthy breakfast ideas for a fool-proof start to the day.KEYS:21.have been told 22.supported 23.before 24.those 25.less likely 26.equal(l)ed 27.While/Though/Although 28.who 29.when 30.eatingII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.Infinium Robotics, the S ingapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night 21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations.Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way.The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends it back to the kitchen.The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food.Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ”Woon said.“If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.Keys:21.for 22.that 23.waiting 24.After 25.built26.that/which 27.can 28.much 29.do 30.has heardII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wi ld vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline.If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity.“Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,”the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human acti vities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years.It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife.The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world.The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups.They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others.''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment.For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970.This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dambuilding, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope.“One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,”said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London.“On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Keys:21.to blame 22.will have lost 23.that 24.carried 25.how 26.in 27.is used 28.which 29.In spite of 30.theySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s.When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached.I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her.It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now.I’m so sorry.I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry.And through her tears, she said: “You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know w/hat kind of reaction I might receive.All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh.Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on.When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me.Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Keys:21 .her 22 , shook 23, Should 24 returning 25.that26, what 27 .Not having done 28.to say 29 After 30.AsSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Whether in the workplace or the football field , effective teamwork can produce amazing results , However , _____21_______(work) successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem.Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically , it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise .There are a number of factors ____22___must be in place to make a good team.Effective leadership is one of the most important factors of good teamwork .The team’s leader should possess the skills ____23____(create) a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to talk a positive approach to work and be committed.An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel ____24_____（value）Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team .Team members must be able to express their feelings , share ideas and see each other’s opinions.Conflicts will arise ____25____well a team functions together .The best/ way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts.Team members should be able to voice their concerns ____26_____fear of offending others.Instead of avoiding conflict issues , a practical approach that ____27____(settle) them quickly is much better .It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides。
2016年高三-上海四区-二模-英语
上海市四区联考（静杨青宝）2016届高三4月高考模拟高三英语第I卷（共105分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection Awas Black music that broke through to white culture when whites played the Blacks’ songs_____ 25. Rock’n’rollthe same style.A. withB. onC. inD. by26. The information he gave us was quite different from _____ we got ourselves.A. oneB. thoseC. thatD. itm sorry I insulted you, Jimmy.27. –I’–That’s _____ like it.A. moreB. mostC. lessD. least28. There _____ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A. mustn’tB. shan’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t29. He damaged his leg so badly in the accident that the bone _____.A. exposedB. has exposedC. is exposedD. was exposed30. If you “look the other way” while something bad is happening, that means you choose _____ that thing.A. ignoringB. to ignoreC. ignoredD. to be ignored31. At present, a few American companies _____ deals with Chinese companies to license Chinese technology.A. are even makingB. even makeC. even madeD. have even made32. It’s a shame to say it again, but I did tell a lie when _____ last time in my teacher’s office.A. having questionedB. to questionC. questionedD. to be questioned33. We haven’t settled the question _____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that34. My grandfather runs in the park nearby every morning _____ it rains.A. except thatB. except whenC. exceptD. except for35. None of us think it any good _____ a contract with such a dishonest boss.A. signingB. to signC. signedD. sign36. A reward of 50 thousand yuan will be offered by the local police to _____ can provide any clues leading tothe arrest of the bank robbers.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. whoD. whom37. Many a time _____ her answers in the test paper because she is not confident enough of herself especiallywhen it comes to a critical moment.A. the girl has changedB. has changed the girlC. did the girl changeD. has the girl changed38. E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying message among people _____well satisfies human needs.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. how39. My uncle hesitated for a long time _____ he decided to buy a flat, as he was not quite sure whether the priceof the house would go up or not.A. unlessB. beforeC. ifD. until40. _____ by the host three times, the contestant had to turn to the audience present for help.A. Having deniedB. DenyingC. Being deniedD. Having been deniedSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Watching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma(哮喘) attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything —including spending a lot of money—to keep anattack at __41__. Trouble is, more than half of parents are tryingstrategies that simply don’t work and wastinghundreds of dollars in the__42__.According to Dr. Michael Cabana, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan ’s C.S. Mott Children ’s Hospital, who led the study, one of the most__43__ mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites(尘螨)for a child whose asthma instead was made even worse by plant pollen. Many of those parents then __44__ to do what would have helped a lot more: shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic（过敏）to dust mites; a humidifier__45__ to be a place where dust miteslike to __46__. With those allergies, a dehumidifier works better.Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn ’ｔ even try to quit or at least__47__ themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Many smokingparents__48__ expensive air filters that have what Cabana called“questionable utility.”Part of the problem, Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe, is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners, ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically __49__. And doctors may not always take the time, or have the time, to explain to parents what will and won’t work in their child’s particular case.III. Reading Comprehension Section AAesthetic （审美的）thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18thcentury. The westernphilosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters as natural beauty, the sublime, and representation —a trend __50__ the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature. __51__ that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more famous and has begun to__52__ the philosophy of nature. Various issues__53__to the philosophy of nature have had a(n) __54__ impact on the orientation of 20th-centuryaesthetics. Foremost among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and__55__ the distinction between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two __56__ theoretical positions have taken on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, __57__ the other maintains that art is intrinsically(固有的) valuable and is an end in itself.Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics. In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, __58__have followed either of the two approaches. In one, criticism is __59__ to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art. __60__, it is devoted to expressing the response to the aesthetic object and to justifying a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad __61__ of knowledge and inquiry. The __62__ of contemporary aesthetics include such problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to __63__; the viability(可行性) of a history of art; the significance of Freudian psychologyand other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in __64__ reasoning inA. breedB. commonC. limitD. spendsE. processF. purchasedG. tendsH. bayI. unnecessaryJ. neglected。
2016上海高中英语二模汇编—选词填空 教师版 -
2016年高三英语二模——选词填空1宝山嘉定长宁青浦Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alternativeB. appealC. benefitD. differE. energizingF. fascinatedG. marineH. naturalistI. preserveJ. specializingK. unspoiledEcotours are unique adventures that join nature and sightseeing into one exciting package. Learning about the environment and the world around us is the 41 of an ecotour because you get to experience the natural world firsthand. A great way for students studying biology and environmental sciences to experience 42 life and nature is to take your own ecotour! Orlando airboat rides can give you an experience to remember and can be a fun and 43 way to learn more about the Florida environment.Ecotours involve travelling to a natural environment where you are guided by a(n) 44 helping you learn about the surrounding environment and extend your environmental education. This can include learning how the plants and animals on your Orlando airboat rides 45 from each other, or you can be simply becoming more aware of preservation efforts towards the Everglades, the largest wetland in North America.Orlando airboat rides can help you learn about Florida history, observe alligators (短吻鳄) and other wildlife, and experience the 46 nature of the muddy wilderness. Taking an ecotour can help you become more aware of your environment and further instruct you on the impact we have on the environment. Our goal is to help you understand the Everglades and how important it is to 47 the wetland.Wild Florida provides the perfect opportunity for a school trip that satisfies those 48 with learning more about environmental sciences, or to those just curious about the Everglades. Hands-on and active learning on an airboat ride is often a more exciting and adventurous 49 to sitting in a classroom, so why not plan your ecotrip with Wild Florida?Wild Florida is reputable for 50 in creating an exciting and unique ecotour that‘s fun for everyone in your family! You will be flying through the muddy Everglades in our airboat rides while observing and learning about alligators, bald birds, the history of the Everglades, and so much more. Book your Orlando airboat rides today by calling us at 407-901-2563 to experience a one-of-a-kind ecoto ur that you won‘t soon forget.BGEHC KIFAJ2崇明区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. standardB. experiencedC. potentiallyD.orderlyE. extremelyF. termsG. powerH. benefitI. comparedJ. noticeableK. scannedPaying more for a ticket to see a film in 3D is the cause of annoyanceof many a cinema-goer‘s life. But there may be a(n) 41 to doing so, as a study has claimed that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests.The research was led by neuroscientist(神经科学家)Dr Patrick Fagan from Goldsmiths University in London. More than 100 people took part in the experiment, where participants watched Disney film Big Hero6in either 42 type or RealD 3D. They also carried out a brain-training-style test before and after seeing a part from the film. The test covered memory, reaction time and cognitive (认知的) function, and the results were later 43 .According to the research, participants 44 a 23 per cent increase in cognitive processing, as well as an 11 percent increase in reaction time.Dr Fagan said that the results showed enough of an improvement in brain function to suggest that 3D could play a part in improving brain 45 in the future. ―These findings are more significant than you might think,‖ he said. ―It i s a fact that people are living longer and there is a(n) 46 decline in cognitive brain function in old age which can damage future quality of life. There has never been a better time to look at ways to improve brain function. The initial results of this study indicate that 3D films may 47 play a role in slowing this decline.‖A second part of the experiment involved those watching the film being fitted with headsets(耳机)that 48 brain activity and this too showed heightened activity when watching 3D. According to the results, participants were seven percent more engaged with what they were watching, adding to the argument that 3D movies are more like watching real-life-something. ―A seven percent rise in emotional engagementis 49 remarkable. Watching in 3D gives the viewer such an enriched and quality experience, as these results show,‖ he said. ―In evolutionary50 , the results of both parts of the test certainly make sense. 3D films are more likely to heighten the senses and cause emotional arousal—this, in turn, makes the brain run at quicker speeds,‖ Dr Fagan added41. H 42. A 43. I 44. B 45. G 46. J 47. C 48. K 49. E 50. F3奉贤区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. lovedB. causeC. honoredD. spreadingE. partiallyF. cheerG. properlyH. reflectI. symbolJ. gatheringK. touching（Since 1952, the Queen's Christmas message has been televised in some form. The following is the one given by Britain's Queen Elizabeth II on December 25th, 2015. ）At this time of year, few sights arouse more feelings of __41____ and goodwill than the twinkling lights of a Christmas tree.The popularity of a tree at Christmas is __42______ due to my great-great grandparents,Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. After this __43_____ picture was published, many families wanted a Christmas tree of their own, and the custom soon spread.In 1949, I spent Christmas in Malta as a newly-married naval wife. We have returned to that island over the years, including last month for a meeting of Commonwealth（英联邦）leaders; and this year I met another group of leaders: The Queen‘s Young Leaders, an inspirational group, each of them a __44_____ of hope in their own Commonwealth communities.Actually, ___45____ round the tree gives us a chance to think about the year ahead. It also allows us to ___46____ on the year that has passed, as we think of those who are far away or no longer with us. Many people say the first Christmas after losing a(an) __47______ one is particularly hard. But it‘s also a time to remember all that we have to be thankful for. We should be thankful for the people who bring love and happiness into our own lives, and look for ways of __48_____ that love to others, whenever and wherever we can.One __49______ for thankfulness this summer was marking seventy years since the end of the Second World War. On VJ Day, we __50_____ the remaining veterans(老兵) of that terrible conflict in the Far East, as well as remembered the thousands who never returned.…I wish you a very happy Christmas.41-45 FEKIJ 46-50 HADBC4虹口区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words i n the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. venturingB. quotedC. interviewD. sponsor E historical.F. launchG. relativelyH. professionalI. tracedJ. facilitiesK. regularlyJiading ---- Centuries of History, Decades of ChangeA book entitled ―Jiading –Centuries of History, Decades of Change‖ by American writer Kate Baker has recently been published in Shanghai. New book launch was held last week at the Old China Hand Style, a major __41__ of a series of walking guide books called ―Beyond the Concession: Six Walks in Shanghai‘s Other Districts.‖ And Baker‘s ―Jiading‖ runs the fourth among the six.From a foreign point of view, the book has __42__ the history of Jiading District back between the year Tang Dynasty (618-907) and the Song Dynasty (960-1279), when Jiading had been ―a leading economic and intellectual influence in the region long before Shanghai became a major trading port,‖ as Bake r is __43__ in her book.Baker first landed in Shanghai in 2011 with her husband, an engineer with Ford, who was sent to work in Shanghai to prepare for the __44__ of the Lincoln brand in China. ―I and my husband have been traveling around the world in the past 20 years,‖ Baker said at a(n) __45__ with Shanghai Daily. ―Wherever I go, I would jump into the local history and culture quickly and deeply.‖Having taken a 15-month online course of Chinese with Harvard‘s ―China X‖, Baker started __46__ out on her own. An occasional excursion into the northwest of Shanghai, she ―discovered‖ and fell in love with Jiading. Since then, she has visited Jiading __47__, bringing family, friends, and tour groups. At the end of 2013, the Jiading Tourism Bureau officially invited Baker to write abook on Jiading.With up-to-date facts, useful information and __48__ pictures, Baker's ―Jiading‖ is a well researched guide about interesting areas less than one hour from Shanghai. There are chapters on celebrating the seasonal and agricultural festivals that are unique to the region; stories of __49__ figures living in Jiading; changes to the Nanxiang Old Town; tours to numerous gardens, museums and temples; and the development of outdoor recreational activities in Jiading‘s Anting Town, such as the F1 car racing, horse riding and golf.With good public __50__ and enough green space, Baker sees Jiading a high growth district of Shanghai, which offers a quality of lifestyle and tourism. ―I see a better-planned and forward-thinking of the district government. And I sincerely thank the people of Jiading who welcomed me to their community and trusted me with their narrative,‖ Baker says.41. D 42. I 43. B 44. F 45. C 46. A 47. K 48. H 49. E 50. J5黄浦区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. loweringB. conditionsC. warningD. seeminglyE. inconclusiveF. frequentlyG. reactionsH. alternativeI. interestinglyJ. propertiesK. mixingNot so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health __41__. What‘s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, __42__, appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are the perfumes that are __43__ advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been __44__, something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or __45__your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, __46__ unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma（哮喘）and other sensitive __47__.Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place __48__ labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful __49__ to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume __50__ and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.41-45 BIFEA 46-50 DGCHK6静安区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. immeasurablyB. replacedC. priorityD. failingE. frustratinglyF. potentialG. minorH. trickI. unrepairedJ. prospectK. wiringScientific breakthroughs mean that life expectancy continues to rise every year. But the medical advances which now make it possible to think about living to a very great age --- if not forever --- also raise profound practical and ethical issues.Is immortality (永生) a realistic __41__?Not for the foreseeable future. In last year‘s Reith lectures, the gerontologist (老年病学家) Professor Tom Kirkwood firmly quashed (打消) the idea that genetic engineering might result in so me kind of ―fountain of youth‖. Considering how __42__slow the battles against cancer, heart disease and strokes have been, he said, it is fanciful to imagine that we could conquer death. On the other hand, scientists do now understand more about why we age, and what can be done to slow down the process. ―Our ancestral genes placed limited __43__on long-term maintenance and repair,‖ says Kirkwood. ―Ageing comes about through the gradual build-up of __44__ faults in the cells and tissues of our bodies, not as the result of some active mechanism for death and destruction.‖ The __45__ , then, is to help the body repair the damage done by wear and tear.How can that be done?In many different ways, some of which are already pretty common. Organ transplants from pigs and monkeys are now old news --- the American politician Jesse Helms has just had a ten-year-old pig valve (瓣膜) in his heart __46__. Doctors have succeeded in __47__computerized implants directly to nerve fibres, allowing the deaf to hear, and there is hope that electrodes (电极) planted in the brain may soon offer hope for the blind to see. But the real __48__at the moment lies in the field of stem cells ---special cells that allow lizards (蜥蜴) to grow new tails and humans to grow new skin over __49__cuts. If scientists can learn how to control these cells, they could be used to reproduce parts of the body that are __50__.41-50 JECIH BKFGD7闵行区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. sufferedB. abandoningC. conclusionD. claimE. chargingF. modelG. acknowledgedH. boastingI. closeJ. elsewhereK. balanceIt is usually a common practice that journal websites offer readers their free online editions of articles and other information. However, America‘s most popular newspaper website announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a 41 . The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to set out plans for a pay wall around its digital offering, 42 the accepted practice that Internet users will not pay for news.Struggling with a decline of advertising and a downward tendency in street corner sales, The New York Times intend s to introduce a ―metered‖ 43 at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have exceeded (超过) a set number of its online articles per month.The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper on the 44 side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not charge Internet readers.The New York Time‘s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 45 that the idea was a gamble.46 a print circulation of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, behind the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. While most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can 47 national scope—as well as 16 bureaus(办事处) in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and maintains 26 bureaus 48 in the world.But like many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a serious financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but 49 a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million loan from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its 50 sheet.41 I 42. B 43. F 44. E 45. G 46. H 47. D 48. J 49. A 50. K8浦东新区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. unreasonableB. practicallyC. frequentlyD. conductedE. maintainF. evaluateG. activateH. increasedI. connectionJ. outstandingK. descriptionDeveloping an original and creative idea requires that two completely different networks in the brain work at the same time: the associative network alongside the more ―conservative(保守的)‖ network, according to new research ___41___ at the University of Haifa.The researchers ___42___ that ―creative thinking apparently requires ‗checks and balances‘.‖According to the researchers, creativity is our ability to think in new ways to solve problems. But not every original solution is considered a creative one. If the idea is not fully applicable,it is not considered creative, but simply one which is ___43___.The researchers assumed that for a creative idea to be produced, the brain must ___44___ a number of different and perhaps even contradictory(矛盾的) networks. In the first part of the research, respondents were given half a minute to come up with a new, original and unexpected idea for the use of different objects. Answers provided with low frequency received a high score for originality, while those given ___45___ received a low score. In the second part, respondents were asked to give, within half a minute, their best characteristic ___46___ of the objects. During the tests, all subjects were scanned using an FMRI device to examine their brain activity while providing the answer.The researchers found ___47___brain activity in an ―associative‖ region a mong participants whose originality was high. This region, which includes the medial brain areas, mainly works in the background when a person is not concentrating, similar to daydreaming.But the researchers found that this region did not operate alone when an original answer was given. For the answer to be original, an additional region worked in cooperation with the associative region—the administrative control region, a more ―conservative‖ region related to social norms and rules. The researchers also found that the stronger the ___48___, the better these regions work together in parallel, the greater the level of originality of the answer.―On the one hand, there is surely a need for a region that produces innovative ideas, but on the other hand there is also the need for one that will know to ___49___ how applicable and reasonable these ideas are. The ability of the brain to operate these two regions in parallel is what results in creativity. It is possible that the most ___50___ creations of humanity were produced by people who had an especially strong connection between the two regions,‖ the researchers concluded.41—45. DEAGC 46—50. KHIFJ9普陀区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.predictsB. operationC. employD. limitedE. majorityF. environmentallyG. deposit H. similar I. dreams J. necessary K. estimateWe‘re waiting to take trip s to outer space. When will it happen? According to individuals in the growing field of space tourism, it may be in five or fifty years.Space Adventures is taking reservations for the flights, __41__ to the first manned spaceflights. The trip will cost $90,000, with a $6,000 __42__ required. More than 200 people have made reservations, said Sarah, Dalton, the company spokeswoman.John Spencer of the Space Tourism Society says that a more realistic __43__ for regular space travel is 50 years. Issues of expense, difficulty, and danger must still be resolved. Oh yes – a reusable vehicle must also be invented. He adds, however, that ten years from now, a __44__ number of people may be able to visit a space station. He says he expects a fleet of private space vehicles or ―space yachts‖ (游艇) to be in __45__ in 20 to 25 years. They will do what he calls ―orbital super yachting.‖ After that, there will be cruise lines, like those that travel the Earth‘s oceans, as well as space hotels and resorts.There have bee n only a few studies to determine the public‘s interest in space tourism, but they all conclude that a __46__ of people would like to visit space and would be willing to pay good money for it.According to expert Patrick Collins, between 5 million and 20 million people will head for space by 2030. He also __47__ 100 flights a day leaving Earth. It would be __48__ to have more than 100 hotels in Earth‘s orbit（轨道）, a few more orbiting the moon, and a few on the moon's surface. These hotels would __49__ more than 100,000 people, who would work month-long shifts. Each hotel would have a service station. Such service stations would provide oxygen, water, and hydrogen. They might also ship __50__ safe electric power back to Earth.If all the issues can be resolved, Collins says that space tourism could one day become a $1 trillion.41. H 42. G 43. K 44. D 45. B46.E 47. A 48. J 49. C 50. F10松江徐汇金山区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.academicB.accompaniedC.conductD. contributedE. diagnosisF. dominanceG. emergenceH. evolvedI. focusedJ. impactK. relevantPsychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain how we think, act and feel. As most people already realize, a large part of psychology is devoted to the 41 and treatment of mental health issues, but that‘s just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to applications for psychology. In addition to mental health, psychology can be applied to a variety of issues that 42 health and daily life including performance enhancement, self-help, motivation, productivity, and much more.Psychology 43 out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions of these two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers including Aristotle and Socrates. The word psyc hology comes from the Greek word psyche, literally meaning ―life‖ or ―breath.‖ The 44 of psychology as a separate and independent field of study truly came about when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Wundt‘s work was 45on describing the structures that compose the mind. Wundt believed that properly trained individuals would be able to identify accurately the mental processes that 46feelings, sensations and thoughts.Throughout psychology‘s history, some different schools of thought have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to 47 for a period. While these schools of thought are sometimes considered as competing forces, each viewpoint has 48 to our understanding of psychology.Today, psychologists prefer to use more objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. The discipline has two major areas of focus: 49 psychologyand applied psychology. Educational psychology focuses on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality, social behavior, and human development. These psychologists 50 basic research that seeks to expand our theoretical knowledge while other researchers do applied research that attempts to solve everyday problems.41. E 42. J 43. H 44. G 45. I 46. B 47. F 48. D 49. A 50. C11杨浦区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. maximumB. cureC. suspectedD. targetE. containF. alarmingG. fertile H. carry I. breeding J. tricky K. supportedWorld Health Organization (WHO) Director General Margaret Chan said on Tuesday Brazil is doing a good job tackling the Zika virus and ensuring that the Olympic games it will host in August will be safe for athletes and visitors.Chan said Brazil's government is doing all it can to mobilize Brazilian society in fighting the Aedes mosquitoes that __41__ the virus that has spread rapidly through the Americas since last year."I want to reassure you that the government is working very closely with the international Olympic movement, with the local organizing committee, __42__ by the WHO, to make sure we have a very good work plan to __43__ the mosquito, and to make sure that people who will come here either as visitors or athletes will get the __44__ protection they need," Chan said.The virus has been linked in Brazil to a(n) __45__ increase in the birth of babies with abnormally small heads, a condition known as microcephaly. Brazil's Health Ministry said on Tuesday that the number of confirmed and __46__ cases of microcephaly has risen to 4,690 from 4,443 a week earlier.Brazilian authorities are taking action to __47__ the outbreak which threatens to keep visitors from attending the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro five months from now. With no __48__ or vaccine (疫苗）for Zika, the only way to deal with the virus at present is to reduce the population of the Aedes mosquito.She praised Rousseff's leadership in organizing the whole of Brazilian society in a campaign to destroy the mosquito's __49__ places in urban areas and in cooperating with other countries in the research and development of diagnostic tools and a vaccine."The Zika virus is very __50__. We should expect this to be a long journey," she said. "Based on what I have seen here, I can tell you: the mosquito is difficult, but it cannot beat Brazil," Chan said.41-50 H K D A F C E B I J12闸北区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. justB. gapC. irrelevantD. companyE. evidentF. victimG. typicalH. identifyI. addressJ. alternativeK. owedMost men and women feel that a dinner bill should be split down the middle, but how fair is this really?A new app aims to answer this question, and for others who fall___41___ to income inequality, by dividing the check up according to each person's race and gender.Equipay uses Bureau of Labor Statistics and math to calculate how much is ___42___ from each person and if the diner protests, it will give you statistics about the wage ___43___.'Equipay helps you avoid the firm discrimination that exists in our society. It doesn't work out an equal split of the bill but a ___44___one. ' the company's site says.'You pay what you should to balance out the wage diversity.'The app is the brain child of Luna Malbroux, a diversity educator, who wanted to 'make the touchy subject' of racial and gender inequalities more ___45___. The problem is expected to catch people‘s eyeeasily.'I hope that this, more than anything, starts a discussion and helps people to start thinking a little bit differently about how we can use technology and innovation to ___46___gender discrimination and wage inequality,' Malbroux said.The app has a built in 'diversity tool' that allows you to ___47___ how diverse your friends really are and the app also displays the level of income for each person.Type in the amount of the entire bill at the top, tip included, and the software will begin calculating the split based on who your ___48___ is.Finally it will show you the list again, but now with how much each person has to pay.Before paying your share, there is the ___49_____ to protest, in which the app will ask 'what's your excuse' and lists reasons for you to choose from.You can say 'I was a middle child' or 'I'm unaware of my privilege'.Equipay will find the best reply possible, whether it is facts regarding income differences or something seemingly___50___but also makes you think twice before keep disagreeing with what you have to pay.41-45 FKBAE 46-50 IHDJC。
2016-年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编+各区二模答案汇总
2016 年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编Researchers recently find w omen likely face work environments that push against the “having it all” mentality, leading to feelings of guilt and depression.Trying to have it all could be bad for your mental health, according to a new study that finds that “supermoms” have higher rates of depression compared with working moms who let things 51 .The research, presented Aug. 20 at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Las Vegas, finds that working is 52 for mothers’ mental health. But among working mothers, the least depressed are those who don’t expect to 53 work and family life perfectly, said study researcher Katrina Leupp, a graduate student at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The ideal that women can do it all actually 54 the level of depressive symptoms compared to women who were more doubtful about whether or not work and family can be balanced,” Leupp told LiveScience.Leupp analyzed survey 55 from 1,600 married women who participated in a large survey called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. In 1987, the women answered questions to judge their support of women’s 56 , including whether they agreed with statements such as “Women are much happier if they stay at home and take care of their children.” In 1992 and 1994, the now 40-year-old women answered questions about their symptoms of depression. Like earlier studies, the survey data indicated that women who worked outside the home had fewer symptoms of depression, perhaps because outside work gives women more 57 interaction, more varied activities and a larger income, Leupp said. Among the employed women, though, the cheeriest were those who had indicated in their younger years the least 58 for women balancing career and family. The results held even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. “Somewhat 59 , women who don’t expect to be able to balance work and family have better mental health than those who do,” Leupp said.The study didn’t explain why optimistic (乐观的) views of balancing work and motherhood would60 later depression. “The reason may come down to 61 and real-world work environments,” Leupp said. “Women who expect to have it all probably come up against 62 that aren’t designed with work-life balance in mind. When they can’t balance everything perfectly, these supermoms are more likely to feel 63 .”“I think this research really speaks to a 64 between women’s expectations and the actual structure of the workplace,” Leupp said.“The takeaway for working moms is to temper their optimism about balancing 65 and employment and not to blame themselves if they struggle. Recognize that if it feels difficult, it’s because it is difficult.”51. A. happen B. continue C. slide D. end52. A. good B. ready C. hard D. possible53. A. protect B. share C. illustrate D. combine54. A. increased B. assessed C. reached D. influenced55. A. questions B. responses C. solutions D. instruments56. A. pregnancy B. marriage C. employment D. education57. A. cultural B. social C. positive D. verbal58. A. support B. tolerance C. concern D. respect59. A. deliberately B. aggressively C. ironically D. similarly60. A. result from B. relate to C. hold back D. call for61. A. families B. expectations C. surroundings D. requirements62. A. clubs B. hospitals C. governments D. workplaces63. A. excited B. embarrassed C. thrilled D. frustrated64. A. mismatch B. mistreat C. misunderstanding D. misinterpretation65. A. aging B. training C. schooling D. parentingTwo Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.Sunscreens, long __60_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____ sense of security in thinking they are __63______ from the sun’s rays.Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __65______ to the scientific world.51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explainedHarvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity and the __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is thefirst library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.51.A.as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all timesB. disciplineC. qualityD. prospect53.A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributedB. composesC. involvesD. includesB. differentC. secureD. peculiar56.A.collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitionsB. formallyC. speciallyD. especiallyB. happensC. appearsD. deserves59.A.examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation60.A.confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designingB. willingC. reluctantD. responsibleB. reservedC. storedD. classified63.A.appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restrictedB. serviceC. activityD. responseB. creativeC. positiveD. enjoyableEducation plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must __51__ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who __52__ a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building __53__. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and __54__ patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest __55__ of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot __56__ the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the __57__ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we __58__ take ‘non-formal education’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behavior and our understanding of social norms __59__ us to face life. True, educational __60__, like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the __61__process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the __62__ influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions __63__ certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving(剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata(阶层) of society from progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it __64__ the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who __65__ the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organizations61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSince Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system w hich __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medi cations such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns award 51 on one or both of the parents. In other 52 , such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of53 . In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent 54 that the re is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have 55 ; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has 56 that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, r esearch suggests that there are typically two different leadership 57 that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the 58 of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership t hat emphasizes the 59 wellb eing of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing 60 support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may 61 group members who prevent accomplishment of the group’s goals. Express ive leaders cultivate a more 62 or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer 63 when someone experiences difficulties. And they try to 64 issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal 65 from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.51. A. burden B. leadership C. housework D. right52. A. families B. societies C. cases D. researches53. A. selection B. struggle C. recommendation D. register54. A. evidence B. support C. approach D. pattern55. A. in advance B. in brief C. in general D. in common56. A. partners B. achievements C. skills D. qualities57. A. selections B. roles C. challenges D. structures58. A. assignment B. introduction C. completion D. division59. A. joint B. financial C. social D. individual60. A. political B. administrative C. emotional D. technical61. A. discipline B. praise C. ignore D. identify62. A. casual B. temporary C. personal D. stable63. A. criticism B. sympathy C. estimate D. information64. A. omit B. confuse C. raise D. resolve65. A. imitation B. affection C. objection D. revengeThe survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 51 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 52 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.There are many good things about 53 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 54 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 55 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 56 and often shares in that work.A child 57 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's work : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies --- rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 58 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the westernchildren. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions ofthe sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 59 , are provided with a watch as one of the 60 signs of growing up, so that they can 61 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 62 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments(公寓) . Instead of dangerous roads, "keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak to strangers", there is often a sense of 63 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 64 from ten floors up.65 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all bad.51. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words52. A. by B. in C. to D. under53. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival54. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives55. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still56. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby57. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working58. A. and B. but C. or D. so59. A. at any moment B. at the same time C. on the other hand D. on the whole60. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest61. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry62. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require63. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom64. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly65. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What'sFeeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out,may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette—donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens—a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteThere are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）.Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in morethan one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropria tely or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response.If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantA driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, muchviewing time will be caused. These will makesluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ thepage size as all the visitors appreciatefaster download. Some are。
2016届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(已校对)
One【2016届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scientists Detect Gravitational WavesWhat is gravitational waves(引力波)? Scientists havefor the first time observed ripples in the fabric of space time(时空涟漪) called gravitational waves, arriving at the earthfrom a severely destructive event in the distant universe. Itconfirms a major prediction of Albert Einstein’s 1915 generaltheory of relativity and opens a unique new window onto theuniverse, according to a group of scientists at a press conference in Washington on Thursday.“This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,” declared David Reitz, executive director of the LIGO Laboratory at Caltech, at the conference in the National Press Club.According to the National Science Foundation (NSF) experts, gravitational waves carry information about their dramatic origins and about the nature of gravity that cannot be obtained from elsewhere. Physicists have concluded that the detected gravitational waves were produced during the final fraction of a second(千分之一秒) of the combination of two black holes to produce a single, much bigger turning black hole. This fierce shock of two black holes had been predicted but never observed by NSF.The gravitational waves were detected on Sept 14, 2015 at 5:51 am EDT by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington.Based on the observed signals, LIGO scientists estimate that the black holes for this event were about 29 and 36 times the weight of the sun, and the event took place 1.3 billion years ago.About three times the weight of the sun was changed into gravitational waves in a fraction of a second -- with a peak power output about 50 times that of the whole visible universe. By looking at the time of arrival of the signals -- the detector in Livingston recorded the event 7 milliseconds (毫秒) before the detector in Hanford -- scientists can say that the source was located in the Southern Hemisphere, according to a press release from NSF, which funded the research.This new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth. “Our observation of gravitational waves accomplishes an ambitious goal set out over five decades ago to directly detect this puzzling phenomenon and better understand the universe, and, properly, fulfills Einstein’s prediction on the 100th anniversary of his general theory of relativity,” Reitze said.74. By saying “This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,” what doesDavid Reitz mean?A. We humans truly landed on the moon this time.B. The theory of relativity was not proved until today.C. Gravitational waves arrived at the earth in the end.D. Scientists successfully observed gravitational waves.75. What do NSF experts talk about in the third paragraph?A. Gravitational waves carry information about the origins of nature.B. The nature of gravity cannot be obtained from gravitational waves.C. The combination of two black holes can produce a single, much bigger turning black hole.D. Gravitational waves only appear at the final fraction of a second of the shock of two black holes.76. According to the observed signals, LIGO scientists find out that ______.A. the two black holes which brought about this event were much bigger than the sunB. about three times the weight of the sun became gravitational waves in this eventC. the event produced by the observed signals took place 1.3 billion years agoD. the peak power output was about 50 times that of the whole universe77. From this passage, a conclusion can be drawn that ______.A. gravitational waves can make disturbances to space and timeB. Einstein predicted the observed gravitational waves in the universeC. gravitational waves is not a puzzling phenomenon to the world any moreD. this new LIGO discovery was made to test the general theory of relativitySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. “He’s fallen in the hole!” cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.“I say!”said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big gray rounded bulk, thesize, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodThree【2016届上海市浦东新区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size ofBelgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world’senvironmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle theimage of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in theBrazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year’s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so highthat the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil’s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil’s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir (嗡嗡声) of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and lea ding to the mothballing of the mill last December.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice –from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growingcrop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages – for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I’m not as negative as most people,” said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “Farmers are learning how to do things differently.”Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.”73. By “the mothballing of the mill” (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means the mill is______.A. kept unprocessedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed round74. To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are ______.A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. building greenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate changes in China which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people’s livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia77. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought, the enemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attentionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant. “Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,” says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submi t,” says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee exp lains: “As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.”In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the comingperiod on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the difference in awarding rates.”74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW’s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The words used in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers’ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists (女权主义者) showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’s organizations a ssembled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence (通信), newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women’s history in the United States, one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at RadclifféCollege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women confo rmed to the “great women” theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on “great men”. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women’s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.74. What is the passage mainly about?A. The role of literature in early American histories.B. The place of American women in written histories.C. The keen sense of history shown by American women.D. The “great women” approach to history used by American historians.75. In the 1st paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ________.A. a woman’s status was changed by marriageB. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignoredC. only three women were able to get their writing publishedD. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women76. In the 2nd paragraph, what weakness in 19th-century histories does the author point out?A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.B. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.C. They were printed on poor-quality paper.D. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.77. What use was made of the 19th-century women’s history materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia.B. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.C. They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.D. They were shared among women’s colleges throughout the United State s.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands (腺体) and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.74.Which of the following statements is not true?A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjectsduring their pregnancy.。
2016年上海市黄浦区高三二模考试英语试题含答案
2016年上海市黄浦区高考模拟考试英语试卷（完卷时间：120 分钟 满分： 150 分） 2016年4月14日下午第I 卷 （共103分）I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of of each each each conversation, conversation, conversation, a a question question will will will be be asked asked about about about what what what was was was said. said. said. The The The conversations conversations conversations and and and the the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard. 1. A. March. B. May. C. June. D. July. 2. A. By car B. By bus. C. By train. D. On foot. 3. A. Choose a new dentist. B. Cure the pain by herself. C. Make an appointment with her dentist. D. Ask for the right way to brush her teeth. 4. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent. C. A post office clerk. D. A department store salesperson. 5. A. Close the window. B. Prepare their clothes. C. Lock the suitcase. D. Call a taxi. 6. A. Take a day off from work. B. Go and join the people in the office. C. Find more people to help with the move. D. Move to a new place at free time. 7. A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table. C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture. 8. A. He wants to spend more time with his family. B. He doesn‟t think he is capable of doing the job. C. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family. D. He doesn‟t enjoy business trips as much as he used to. 9. A. The man is willing to help the woman. B. The man is losing patience with the woman. C. The woman will let Bob chat with the man. D. The man has already finished his project. 10. A. The woman believes that Peter can give up smoking. B. Peter finds it easy to give up smoking. C. Peter has not given up smoking. D. Peter has convinced the woman that he can give up smoking. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Now teleshopping is popular in almost every country in the world. B. People can shop things from the biggest European company on TV. . C. Frenchmen spend about $ 20 million a year buying things on TVD. More TV channels can open for telebusiness in America. 12. A. They have to stay at home and watch TV. B. They think it‟s a new way of buying things. 。
黄浦区高考英语二模试卷
一、听力理解Section A听力部分共15题，每题2分，满分30分。
以下为听力材料：1. W: Hello, John. How was your weekend?M: It was great. I went hiking with my friends.2. W: Do you think you'll pass the exam?M: I'm not sure, but I've been studying hard.3. W: I'm sorry, I can't help you. I don't know where the post office is.M: No problem. I'll ask someone else.4. W: Would you like to have some coffee?M: No, thank you. I prefer tea.5. W: How do you like the new movie?M: It's really good. I think it's worth seeing.6. W: Are you going to the party tonight?M: Yes, I'm going with my friends.7. W: Can you help me with my homework?M: Sure, I'll be happy to help you.8. W: I'm sorry, I can't go to the party tonight. I have to study for the exam.M: OK, no problem.9. W: How do you get to the airport?M: I take a taxi.10. W: Do you think you'll get a good job after graduation?M: I hope so. I've been working hard to improve my skills.Section B听力部分共5题，每题3分，满分15分。
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2016年上海市黄浦区高考模拟考试英语试卷（完卷时间：120 分钟满分：150 分）2016年4月14日下午第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. March. B. May. C. June. D. July.2. A. By car B. By bus. C. By train. D. On foot.3. A. Choose a new dentist. B. Cure the pain by herself.C. Make an appointment with her dentist.D. Ask for the right way to brush her teeth.4. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.C. A post office clerk.D. A department store salesperson.5. A. Close the window. B. Prepare their clothes.C. Lock the suitcase.D. Call a taxi.6. A. Take a day off from work. B. Go and join the people in the office.C. Find more people to help with the move.D. Move to a new place at free time.7. A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table.C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.8. A. He wants to spend more time with his family.B. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the job.C. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.D. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.9. A. The man is willing to help the woman.B. The man is losing patience with the woman.C. The woman will let Bob chat with the man.D. The man has already finished his project.10. A. The woman believes that Peter can give up smoking.B. Peter finds it easy to give up smoking.C. Peter has not given up smoking.D. Peter has convinced the woman that he can give up smoking.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Now teleshopping is popular in almost every country in the world.B. People can shop things from the biggest European company on TV.C. Frenchmen spend about $ 20 million a year buying things on TV.D. More TV channels can open for telebusiness in America.12. A. They have to stay at home and watch TV.B. They think it’s a new way of buying things.C. They are not sure about the quality of the goods.D. They worry about the safety of their personal information.13. A. Popularity of teleshopping. B. Advantages of teleshopping.C. Future of teleshopping.D. Convenience of teleshopping. Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Her weight was above average. B. She had good memory.C. She got a stomachache.D. She had no trouble sleeping.15. A. She didn’t take medicine as the specialist asked.B. She was sensitive to what she ate, breathed and touched.C. She avoided some of the things that make her healthy.D. Her roommates couldn’t understand her well.16. A. She has graduated from Cambridge.B. She is not confident about her future job.C. She plans to move to London and find a job there.D. She has to depend on sleeping pills at night.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. Each conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)GarlicGarlic, a common seasoning found in many different types of food, has a long medical and mythical history. References to garlic (25)___________(find) in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000 BC. The physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece (26)_________(treat) infections and physical disorders. In many parts of ancient world, garlic was thought to avoid unfriendly spirits, treat wounds (27)_______ ________ _______ protect against disease.Roman soldiers believed that garlic brought them courage and energy. They took it with them when they went into battle. Egyptians fed garlic to their servants when they built pyramids. They thought that it gave the workers strength. They also believed that garlic had magical and medicinal powers in the Middle Ages, people thought that garlic prevented the plague(瘟疫).People have praised the virtues of garlic for centuries. Garlic’s popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century, but its reputation (28)_________(restore) in recent years. It is now a valuable cash crop in the state of California. Nearly a half-billion pounds of garlic are produced there each year. The city of Gilroy, California, considers (29)_________ the garlic capital of the world. Each year, the city hosts the Gilroy Garlic Festival in honor of the crop.Some doctors are studying garlic’s effects as a defense (30)_________ some forms of cancer. Others are exploring its possibilities for treating arthritis. Garlic has also received praise for its ability to lower high levels of cholesterol(胆固醇).(31)_________ some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven, it is certain(32)_________ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.(B)The illegal sale and use of drugsDespite the respect of most Americans for law and the determination of the legal system to protect the rights of individuals, the United States, like all other countries, does experience crime. Especially in large cities, the crime rate (33)_______ be high.A high percentage of crime in the United States is directly related to the illegal sale and use of drugs. Drugs are smuggled into the country by (34)________(organize) groups despite intense efforts by the government to stop the illegal drug trade. Drug abuse in the U.S. has come to be regarded as one of (35)________(challenging) social problems facing the nation. The drug issue always excites strong emotions of American (36)_________ drug abuse is regarded as a major threat to American society, particularly to its younger members. Drug abuse is a social problem as it has (37)_________ wide range of social costs. For example, drug is closely related with crime, automobile accidents. Those (38)__________ become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39)_________ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.Drug use has caused great concern in the United States. The federal government has worked hard to stop the (40)___________(grow) of drug plants in other countries. It has also set up special agencies, sometimes working with agencies from other nations, to catch the smugglers outside and inside the United States. Teachers and many citizens work together to teach children about the dangers of drug use. Many government agencies in the states and private citizen groups work to help drug addicts give up their drug use and turn to useful lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlyused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Not so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and use it for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances.They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Education plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must 51 society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who 52 a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building 53 . As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and 54 patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest 55 of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot 56 the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the 57 development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we 58 take ‘non-formal’from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behaviour and our understanding ofsocial norms 59 us to face life. True, educational 60 , like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the 61 process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the 62 influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions 63 certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of educaiotn and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving (剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata （阶层）of society form progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it 64 the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who 65 the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organization61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extremophiles（极端微生物） are organisms that have been discovered on earth that survive in environments that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. These extreme environments include intense heat, highly acidic environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such extremes.Adapting to Extreme HeatIn the 1960s, heat resistant bacteria were discovered in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. This bacteria, thermus aquaticus thrives at temperatures of 70°C but can survive temperatures of 50°C to 80°C. A few years after these were discovered, other bacteria were foundliving under even more extreme conditions. Hydrothermal vents (热水流火山口) were discovered deep in the ocean and under such high pressure that the water boils at 340°C. It was a surprise to researchers to discover bacteria living and thriving in the vents at such extreme temperatures and pressures. Not only were there bacteria, but centimeters away where the water was cooler, was a complete ecosystem living off the bacteria. There were clams and tubeworms among other species. Adapting to Extreme ColdOther extremophiles have developed ways to cope with cold. Deep ocean water is as a fairly constant temperature of 2°C, but because of its salt content, in colder areas, ocean water can reach temperatures as low at -12°C without freezing. Extremophiles known as psychrophiles（低温微生物） are known to survive at these low temperatures. Different species have come up with different ways to survive these cold temperatures. Some have developed substances, such as glycerol（甘油）or antifreeze proteins which lower the freezing point of water by several degrees.The main danger to organisms of freezing is the damage caused by ice crystals as water freezes and expands. Some species of frogs and turtles have proteins which actually facilitate the freezing of body liquids. If the animal’s body liquids begin to freeze, a chain r eaction is started and all of the body’s liquids freeze rapidly. This prevents the formation of ice crystals large enough to do any damage. Many kinds of microorganisms can survive freezing and thawing, as long as the problem of ice crystals is avoided.66. An “ecosystem”(paragraph 2) can be best described as __________.A. an interacting community that contains both living and non-living organismsB. a large collective term for animals that eat bacteriaC. different types of plants and animals that cooperate for foodD. the place where temperatures and conditions are dangerous and extreme67. The formation of large ice crystal is dangerous mostly because ___________.A. the animal can no longer breathe, and nutrient can’t be carried around the bodyB. proteins cause the animal’s body liquids to freezeC. the freezing and expansion of water could damage the animal’s organsD. the temperature inside the animal becomes too cold to survive in68. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Extremophiles live in environments other organisms cannot survive in.B. Extremophiles can survive in both acidic and high pressure environments.C. The thermophile lives in extremely high temperatures.D. Fresh water has a constant temperature of around 2° C.69. The purpose of this article is to _____________.A. amuse and entertain scientistsB. provide a personal opinion about an issueC. educate and inform readersD. predict the beginning of evolution(B)Gray LineDiscover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray Line Brisbane. Theirwide range of tours in air-conditioned coaches, combined with theguide’s expert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.70. If you wish to complete two tours in one day, you would probably choose________.A. Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourB. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourC. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa TourD. Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B. Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C. If you want to visit Underwater World, you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tour B410, they should pay $ 281.72. What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A. Welcoming and humorous.B. Warm and inviting.C. Modest and initiative.D. Casual and compulsory.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. “He’s fallen in the hole!”cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.“I say!”said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big gray rounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of itsappearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付), most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions. This is a very limiting policy. A company that reimburses employees for all college credit course—whether job related or not—offers a service onot only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the company’s dedication to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them.In return, this dedication to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee loyalty. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employturnover(流动), because even employees who don’t take advantage of tuition reimbursement program will be more loyal to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay their education.Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition reimbursement program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well.Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is unrestricted tuition reimbursement?79. A company gives employees unconditional tuition reimbursement in order to___________.80. Two most important results of unconditional tuition reimbursement are that the companies willprobably____________.81. If the employee stays after graduation, he will bring the company more benefits because___________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 在假期学生也能使用图书馆。