2021上海黄浦区高考英语一模
黄浦区2020学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）2020年12月第1卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter.C. Husband and wife.D. Mother and son.2. A.A waiter. B. A manager. C. A salesman. D. A barber.3. A. He enjoys eating it. B. He cares little for it.C. He prefers fried seafood.D. He doesn't want to taste it.4. A. The goods there were on sale last weekend.B. It's the woman's favourite shopping mall.C. It sold out 50% of the goods last weekend.D. It's the cheapest shopping mall nearby.5. A. The woman isn't satisfied with her clothes' style.B. The woman is most probably pregnant.C. The woman doesn't like the new family member.D. The woman is trying her best to lose weight.6. A. It is the only property she has.B. Her father asked her not to sell it.C. She inherited it from his father.D. She has nowhere to live after selling it.7. A. Call a repairman to come at once.B. Check the sink in the kitchen first.C. Clear up the kitchen right now.D. Stop the water from running immediately.8. A. She lost her purse. B. She forgot to bring cash.C. She failed to attend the concert.D. She was unable to get the student discount.9. A. Finish checking her reference. B. Complete the research.C. Put the material in order.D. Start typing the paper.10. A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B. The woman didn't sleep well because of the movie.C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together,Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wrote several books B. She managed a farm.C. She was a business woman.D. She worked as a nurse.12. A.101 years. B. 76 years. C. 25 years. D.22 years.13. A. Pictures in plain style. B. A successful art collector.C. A great American artistD. The secret of living longer.Questions I4 through I6 are based on the following passage.14. A. To concentrate for our quiet thought.B. To give full attention to the driving.C. To avoid being caught by the police,D. To be as casual as possible in the driving.15. A. In an elevator. B. At a special hall.C. In a bathroom.D.At a concert.16. A. By listening comprehensively and analytically.B. By taking a sonic bath thoroughly.C. By attending classical concerts frequently.D. By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Inquiring about the details of a trade fair.B. Booking rooms at a hotel.C. Complaining about the hotel room service.D. Giving suggestions on receiving guests.18. A. It's a busy season for international tourism.B. There aren't many hotels available in the city.C.An important economic event will occur.D. There is a big conference to be held.19. A. For five days altogether,B. From Dec.11th to Dec. 13th.C. From morning to night on Dec.15th.D. A whole day on the fourth day of their stay.20. A. The woman wants to reserve rooms either on the 1st or 6th floor,B. The woman has to pay 1200 dollars for all the rooms she has booked.C. Whether the rooms are accessible by wheelchair will affect the woman's choice,D. Twelve people are most likely to attend the conference to be held on Dec.13th.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below.fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other e one word that best fits each blank.Consider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects.I'm sure (if you were anything like my younger self)thatyou used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes1(21)_______（go)to in elementary and middle school. we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was(22)_______I built up my collection of Cadoozles,which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I've long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that 1(23)_______（hide) in an empty moon-cake tin so many years before.which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days.when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (24)_______(sharpen):they also produce thinner. cleaner lines. which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore,they are environmentally friendly.since you don't have to buy (25)_______wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead(铅芯）. Youcan simply refill your mechanical pencil. There is only one slight negative I must remark on.(26) _______is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils "lead pencil"in casual conversation.the term "lead pencil"is confusing.Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay. which(27)_______not give you lead poisoning.This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom:"John,stop that! You're going to get lead poisoning!"I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much(28)_(safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one. but (29)the moon-cake tin has become increasingly lighter. I have learned to appreciate mywriting instruments more.Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger.perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the moon-cake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that three would always be a new pencil for me (30)_______（use) tomorrow.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only beFrom environment pollution to climate change. we make decisions every day that involve usin scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat? Is climate change an emergency? In recent years, many of these issues have become politically polarized,with people rejecting scientific evidence that is opposite their political_31_.When Greta Thunberg, the youthful climate activist, was asked by one member why we should trust the science.she replied. "because it'sscience!"For several decades, there has been a(n)_32_and organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science.funded by regulated industries and libertarian think-tanks whose interests and beliefs are_33_by the findings of modern science.In response.scientists have tended to stressthe success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things,from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.That answer isn't wrong.but for many people it's not_34_.After all, just because scientistsmore than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn't prove that different group of scientists are right about a different issue today.An alternative answer to the question-Why trust science?-is that scientists use "the scientific method." If you've got a high school science textbook lying around the house, you'll probably find that answer in it.But this answer is wrong.But what is_35_declared to be the scientific method--develop a hypothesis(假设），then design an experiment to test it--isn't what scientists actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods, and these methods have changed with time.Science_36_changes:new methods get invented, old ones get_37_.and any particular point in time scientists can be found doing many different things.And that's a good thing,because the so-called scientific method doesn't work.False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works,it doesn't prove the theory that was_38 to test it is true. There also might be many different theories that could produce that same 39 result.On the contrary, if the experiment fails, it doesn't prove the theory is wrong: it could be that the experiment was badly conducted or there was a fault in one of the_40_.I11.Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage.there are four words or phrases marked A.B.C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Travelling, at least travelling any considerable distance, means dealing with airports. I'veseen my share of airports.They come in several_41_.The smallest I have been through was inthe African town of Hoedspruit where the main waiting area was smaller than many school classrooms,security and ticket checking were both_42_by one person who was also controlling the gate onto the airfield and you had to walk out to the plane and climb the stairs to get in.It was even smaller than Canada's Moncton airport where the person taking the tickets was also one of the two_43_on our flight.At the other extreme are the_4_.modem airports in the world's major X.in Los Angeles has two parallel runways and provides the unusual opportunity to watch out the window of your landing aircraft as another one lands right beside you.Some.such as Beijing's Capital International Airport, SeaTac in Seattle and the International Airport in San Francisco, like those in Hong Kong and Shanghai,have_45_terminals connected by different buses or underground trains.Finding a connecting flight often means changing terminals.which can be a little 46Heathrow airpornt in London,England,_47_that bigger is not always better.Heathrowconsists of terminals used by various_48_and is centered around an area that contains stores and restaurants.At Heathrow the tired traveller gets the_49_that they want you lo spend your time in the stores because they won't announce the gale from which your flight will leave until about an hour before light time.Given that they start to gel people onto the planes half an hour before takeoff that leaves just 30 minutes to find and_50_your gale. some of which are a 15-minute walkfrom the store area.There is absolutely no_51_for this because the airport authorities know even before the day begins how many Nights are arriving and departing and where they plan to put them. If I have just come off one long light and Tm waiting for another. What I want is a quiet place. not an area_52_bright lights and noisy shopping.Travel,for me, is interesting but when I have lo fly. getting there is_53_not half the fun. Airplanes are very efficient way to move people long distances and airports are a(n)______ part of the process. Most airport do their best to provide a good travelling experience but they are to be 55 ,not really enjoyed.41.A.types B.cities C.areas D.sizes42.A.identified B.handled C.promoted D.processed43.A.guards B.astronauts C.pilots D.passengers44.A.tremendous B.crowded C.international D.fashionable45.A.flexible B.multiple C.available D.irregular46.A.exciting B.astonishing C.confusing D.encouraging47.A.regulates B.emphasizes C.encounters D.demonstrates48.A.functions B.departments C.airlines D.authorities49.A.recreation B.presentation C.announcement D.impression50.A.look for B.get to C. meet at D.check out51.A.exception B.double C.apology D.excuse52.A.filled with B.dominated by C.decorated with D.recognized by53.A. Increasingly B. permanently C.alternatively D.definitely54.A.effective B.optional C.necessary D.suitable55.A.simplified B.endured C.declared D.paralleledSection BDirections:Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A.B.C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A)Sometimes when she felt bored, she would pick up one of the numerous biographies(传记）about herself and begin to note in. "I never did that" or "simply not true" she would write roughly in the margins at the sides of pages. Since journalists, biographers and more recently even ＂bloggers" had been writing about her since the day she was bom. there was plenty of material to edit. Not that her notes or corrections were ever shared with the tely.however.she even seemed to have lost her appetite for correctness.Did it matter anymore if things were not right? She knew that sitting alone chewing away on downbeat thoughts would not get her anywhere and would leave those around her confused and upset,should they ever catch her out. After all she was the decisive one. always on top of her game. A printed timetable for the following day lay on the table.A full day of openings and presentations, of smiling and nodding and flowers.Shaking herself out of her gray mood. she stepped over towards the computer where a sudden burst of energy gave her an idea. The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph considered she needed to read.she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.A dish heaped with multi-coloured jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white-gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. Each spoonful had to be lifted delicately to her mouth under the watched eye of her grandmother. who was a stickler for good manners. It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days.what with all the concern about childhood fatness, but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Line-burst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Always would be expecting her to make a short. predictable speech at the opening of the now bridge.56. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.The main character is probably a journalist writing blogs about royal members.B. The main character is always busy editing plenty of material about herself.C. The authors probably had chances to get the notes or correctness from the main character.D.Randolph is probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character.57.Why does the main character recall the time she ate jellies and ice cream?A. She wishes that she were still a child so that she could eat jellies and ice cream.B.She is reminded of these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her of them.C.She wishes she still knew where the handsome train waiter wasD.Today's children aren't allowed to eat the same things that she ate as a child.58.A "Sparten menu" (paragraph 4) would most likely _____________________________.A.have mainly low fat,healthy foodsB.be suitable for a romantic dinnerC.include a range of sweets. but no jellyD.include foods which are easy to transport59. What is most likely to happen next in this passage?A.The main character will practise her speech for greeting the Mayor of Alwoy.B.The main character will decide to take a rail journey.C.Randolph will send some emails to the main character.D.The main character will update her blog on the internet.（B)Canals have to be built on a level,otherwise the water drains out of them and the canal becomes useless. This was the great problem facing the early canal builders, and they overcame it in different ways.The early engineers like James Brindley simply followed the outlines of the countryside and kept their canals level though it often meant choosing very roundabout routes. Later engineers, such as Thomas Telford,developed a new technique known as 'cut and fill'in which they lived a level through very accurate surveying. This allowed them to fill in the hollows on a route with the exact amount of soil they took from the higher ground. By this method, very direct routes could be taken.which cut down the time of a journey very considerably. A good example of this type of canal is Telford's Liverpool and Birmingham Junction Canal,which he began in 1826 1o provide a direct route from the Midlands to the River Mersey.It was seldom possible to build a completely level canal, of course,whichever method was used,and most canals were provided with locks in which barges were raised or lowered to new levels. If you look at the diagram on the diagram, you can see a barge being raised in a lock by meansof water which was allowed into the lock basin,or pound,from the upper level of the canal. Whena barge had to be lowered,water was allowed out of the pound into the lower level of the canal.60. Brindley's canals were less efficient, most likely because_________________________A. he was not a good canal engineerB. the techniques and skills available at the time were uselessC.his canals were built to keep the water drains outD. they had too many roundabout routes61.According to this passage.why was the 'cut and fill' technique designed?A. The outlines of the land could not be followed directly.B.It could make travelling distances shorter and save joumey time.C.New surveying techniques had been invented successfully.D.The distance between the Midlands and River Mersey is great.62.Locks are needed in canals to______________________________________A. help boats lo travel in both directionsB.keep water levels changing all the timeC.allow large ships to travel in canalsD. transfer bouts across differing water levels（C)In the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural beliefand magic. That was until the Geeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine,Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today - that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not super-natural. explanations.Medical students still take the Hippocmatic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life,swearing to use their skills to heal and do no ham.One of Hippocrates' theories was of the 'four humours', a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body-- blood,phlegm, and black and yellow bile (a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat).Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body's internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile. they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using carefully observation and logical thought.Aristotle. political theorist. philosopher and teacher. also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal -- he was the first to do so.Aristotle valued experimentation are discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements-fire,earth,water and air.Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body,were each inline with organ.a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks' idea of four base elements( water, fire, earth).Although discredited now,the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the century.They were:－Blood from the liver: associated with Spring: with courage and hope－Phlegm from brain and lungs:Winter: calm and unemotional－Yellow bile from gall bladder(胆囊）：Summer; anger and bad temper－Black bile from spleen(脾脏）: Autumn; with blue and dark mood63. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world.B.The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities.C.Hippocrates thought disease was caused by imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body.D.Hippocrates was the first 1o believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought.64. The practice of blood-letting was based on the belief that_____________________________A. the blood was polluted by virusesB. the human body was not evenly balancedC.the patient was in a bad humourD.too much blood was bad for people65. How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water?A. He studied many books from a scientific point of view.B.He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C.He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D.He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.66.Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modem medicine?A.He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world.B.He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moodsC.He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D.He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.New WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active. putting their current and future health at risk. 67 ＂Urgent policy actionto increase physical activity is needed now. particularly to promote and keep up girls' participation in physical activity." says study author Dr Regina Gut-hold,WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing.68To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teems do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.69 Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active,involving education,urban planning,road safety and others. The highest levels of society,including national,city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents.70 Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social,physical,and mental health benefitsof regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.Singapore's Information Technology StrategySingapore's information technology strategy rests on two major legs. The first leg is world- class basic facilities.Being a city-state,it is relatively easy to connect every home,office and hotel room.Our objective is to provide broad-band everywhere,either wired or wireless. We will makeit a readily available utility like water, electricity,gas and telephone.We are well on our way there. We now require, by regulation, every new home to be equipped with broad-band in the same way as it is required to have water and electricity.The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT(information technology).Like reading.writing and arithmetic,computers are best learnt when we are young. Today's childrencan click the mouse faster than we can blink. In many countries,children of middle-class families have no difficulty with this new technology. But.without special effort,there is a danger that children of poorer families will miss out on the opportunity lo leam IT.Like the piano and violin, one can still learn the computer as an adult.But rarely does one acquire the same facility.The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background.The Education Ministry now has a multi-billion dollar programme to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore from first grade onwards. Every teacherwill have a notebook.Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT,if not for themselves,at least fortheir children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households in Singapore now own PCs. Over one- third of households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we want is for every Singaporean to be computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank,factory or restaurant,just as one would expect an employee to be able to read, write and count.An employerin Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not now how to use a computer or the Internet.V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.如天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。
2020-2021学年上海市黄浦学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年上海市黄浦学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?A. Social reality.B. Female dreams.C. Human emotions.D. Political environment.3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.BA satellite is about to demonstrate a new way of capturing space junk with magnets for the first time. With the frequency of space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the potential for a disastrous collision above Earth is continually growing. Now, Japanese orbital clean-up company Astroscale is testing a potential solution.The firm's End-of-Life Services by Astroscale demonstration mission is scheduled to lift off on 20 March aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. It consists of two spacecraft: a smal “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser todock withit.The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a short distance away and then being recaptured. In the second test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling before catching up with it and matching its motion to grab it.Finally, if those two tests go well, the chaser will live up to its name by letting the client satellite float a few hundred metres away before finding it and attaching to it. All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion.“These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before in space - they are very different to, say, an astronaut controlling a robotic arm on the International Space Station,” says Jason Forshaw at AstroscaleUK.“This is more of an autonomous mission.” At the end of the tests, both spacecraft will burn up in Earth's atmosphere.If companies wanted to use this capability, they would have to attach a magnetic plate to their satellites so they could be captured later. Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. Right now, each chaser can only nab one satellite, but Astroscale is working on a version that coulddrag three or four out of orbit at once.4. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "dock with" in Paragraph 2?A. Deal with.B. Keep up with.C. Join together.D. Crash.5. Why many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites?A. Because of the growing space waste problem.B. Because the frequency of space launches are dramatically increasing.C. Because they can earn large profits from it.D. Because Astroscale has found a new method of capturing the space garbage.6. What will Astroscale do to solve the space junk problem?A. An astronaut controls a robotic arm on the International Space to capture the “client” satellite.B. Through a magnetic plate remotely controlled by humans on the ground to catch the “client” satellite.C. Finding the "client "satellite and attaching to it with a magnetic plate automatically.D. Tumbling to match the motion of “client satellite the drag three or four satellites out of its orbit into atmosphere.7. What can we infer from the passage?A. People will bum the space junk up in Earth's atmosphere in the future.B. Japan andRussiawill conduct space debris cleanup experiment together.C. These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before.D. The demonstration mission will be divided into three phases.CAn unmanned Chinese spacecraft left the earth on a trip to the planet Mars on Thursday. The launch（发射）marks the start of one of China's most important space explorations. China's national space agency launched the spacecraft called Tianwen-1 fromthe Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Center on Hainan Island.The name Tianwen means “Questions to Heaven” in Chinese. The spacecraft took off on China's largest carrier rocket, the Long March 5, and about 36 minutes later, the spacecraft, including an orbiter（轨道飞行器）and a rover（漫游车），was sent into the Earth-Mars orbit. It is expected to reach the orbit of the red planet next February. Tianwen-1 will finish three scientific goals—orbiting the red planet, landing on the Mars and sending a rover to the landing site.Tianwen-1 carries several scientific instruments to observe the planet's atmosphere and surface. It will do aseries of scientific researches on the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water. Besides its daily work of exploring the surface of Mars for 90 days, it will also report back to the earth about its experiences on the red planet, which is millions of miles away. According to experts, discovering signs of life will be its first and most important scientific goal.Tianwen-1's successful landing will make China the second nation to place a spacecraft on Mars. The United States has landed eight vehicles on Mars since 1976. China will be the first to successfully orbit, land and place a vehicle in the same mission. This is China's first independent mission to Mars. The task in 2011 failed when a Russian rocket carrying a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch, and was unable to escape the Earth orbit. Last year, China's Chang e-4 spacecraft became the first to make a landing on the far side of the moon.8. When will Tianwen-1 enter the orbit of Mars?A. 36 minutes later.B. Next Thursday.C. In 90 days.D. Next February.9. What is the main task of Tianwen-1 according to experts?A. Orbiting the Mars.B. Landing on the Mars.C. Discovering signs of life.D. Sending a rover to the landing site.10. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the text?A. Tianwen-1 is the second vehicle landed on the Mars.B. The United States is the first to land vehicles on the Mars.C. Russia helped China place Tianwen-1 on the Mars.D. Chang，e-4 was the first to make a landing on the moon.11. Where can you find this article?A. In a newspaper.B. In a diary.C. In a sci-fi novel.D. In a guide book.DThereare two days that set you on your path in life: the day you’re born, and the day you realize why you were born.Growing up south of Chicago in Harvey, Illinois, most people just had their heads down trying to make it from point A to point B. I was the same way, just going with the flow. I played basketball in high school because I was good at it and because other people thought I should until I discovered my talent.I give up basketball and started doing speeches. It wasn’t a popular decision but my grandfather told me todo what made me happy. I fell in love with comedy and performing. And when I discovered the passion, I realized why I was born.I knew I had something to offer —I knew that not only am I powerful, but I can make a difference.I realized a long time ago that my dream is not to be famous or rich. My talent is to entertain. But it’s more than that. I have the chance to reach people, to brighten days, to bring laughter and positive energy into lives and inspire. And I am grateful forit.Acting putting myself out there and having doors closed on me time and time again has taught me a lot about myself. I have learned to trust what I have to offer the world over momentary doubt. I’ve learned to put my faith over my feelings. And I've grown a tough skin. More importantly, I have learned there is a long way towards our goals and that when we put our talents and passion to work, we determine our value.Like a lot of places across the country, there’s poverty, crime, violence and unemployment in Harvey. And growing up there, a lot of people have tragically low expectations for life. But I know that with the right opportunity and with help along the way, everyone can find their passion and go after it. My life is proof.12. What was the author born to do according to the text?A. Be a basketball player.B. Act and perform.C. Make speeches.D. Teach people.13. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. Chance.B. Energy.C. Days.D. Laughter.14. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text?A. To help others find their talents.B. To prove his decision was right.C. To inspire people to follow their dreams.D. To encourage people to set a goal.15. What can be the best tile for the text?A. Success Lies in Hard Work.B. How to Achieve the Dream Is Important.C. The Two Important Days in Life.D. The Day I Realized What I Was Born to Do.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
英语_2020-2021学年上海市黄浦区高三(上)期末英语试卷(一模)(含答案)
2020-2021学年上海市黄浦区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Consider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects. I'm sure （if you were anything like my younger self）that you used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes I （1）________ （go） to in elementary and middle school， we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in﹣class exams or answering questions in class. This was （2）________ I built up my collection of Cadoozles， which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I've long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I （3）________ （hide） in an empty moon﹣cake tin so many years before， which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days， when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need （4）________ （sharpen）； they also produce thinner， cleaner lines， which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore， they are environmentally friendly， since you don't have to buy（5）________ wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead（铅芯）. You can simply refill your mechanical pencil. There is only one slight negative I must remark on，（6）________ is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils "lead pencil" in casual conversation， the term "lead pencil" is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay，which （7）________ not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third﹣grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom："John， stop that! You're going to get lead poisoning!" I think all the third﹣graders （and teachers） in the world would feel much （8）________ （safe） if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one， but（9）________ the moon﹣cake tin has become increasingly lighter， I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger； perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the moon﹣cake tin when it was three﹣quarters full， hoping that three would always be a new pencil for me （10）________ （use） tomorrow.Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2.Science Isn't Always Perfect ﹣﹣ But We Should Still Trust ItFrom environment pollution to climate change， we make decisions every day that involve us in scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat？ Is climate change an emergency？ In recent years， many of these issues have become politically polarized，with people rejecting scientific evidence that is opposite their political（1）_______. When Greta Thunberg，the youthful climate activist，was asked by one member why we should trust the science， she replied， "because it's science!"For several decades，there has been a（n）（2）_______ and organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science，funded by regulated industries and libertarian think﹣tanks whose interests and beliefs are（3）_______ by the findings of modern science. In response，scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all， scientists have been right about most things， from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space. That answer isn't wrong， but for many people it's not（4）_______. After all，just because scientists more than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn't prove that a different group of scientists are right about a different issue today.An alternative answer to the question ﹣﹣ Why trust science？﹣﹣ is that scientists use "the scientific method." If you've got a high school science textbook lying around the house，you'll probably find that answer in it. But this answer is wrong. But what is（5）_______ declared to be the scientific method ﹣﹣ develop a hypothesis（假设），then design an experiment to test it ﹣﹣ isn't what scientists actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods，and these methods have changed with time. Science（6）_______changes： new methods get invented， old ones get（7）_______， and any particular point in time scientists can be found doing many different things. And that's a good thing，because the so﹣called scientific method doesn't work. False theories can produce true results，so even if an experiment works，it doesn't prove the theory that was （8）_______ to test it is true. There also might be many different theories that could produce that same（9）_______ result. On the contrary，if the experiment fails，it doesn't prove the theory is wrong： it could be that the experiment was badly conducted or there was a fault in one of the（10）_______.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage，there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3. Travelling, at least travelling any considerable distance, means dealing with airports.I've seen my share of airports. They come in several（1）_______. The smallest I have been through was in the African town of Hoedspruit where the main waiting area was smaller than many school classrooms, security and ticket checking were both（2）_______ by one person who was also controlling the gate onto the airfield and you had to walk out to the plane and climb the stairs to get in. It was even smaller than Canada's Moncton airport where the person taking the tickets was also one of the two（3）_______on our flight.At the other extreme are the（4）_______, modern airports in the world's major cities.LAX, in Los Angeles has two parallel runways and provides the unusual opportunity towatch out the window of your landing aircraft as another one lands right beside you. Some, such as Beijing's Capital International Airport, SeaTac in Seattle and the International Airport in San Francisco, like those in Hong Kong and Shanghai, have（5）_______ terminals connected by different buses or underground trains. Finding a connecting flight often means changing terminals, which can be a little（6）_______.Heathrow airport in London, England, （7）_______that bigger is not always better. Heathrow consists of terminals used by various（8）_______and is centered around an area that contains stores and restaurants. At Heathrow the tired traveller gets the（9）_______ that they want you to spend your time in the stores because they won't announce the gate from which your flight will leave until about an hour before flight time. Given that they start to get people onto the planes half an hour before takeoff that leaves just 30 minutes to find and （10）_______your gate, some of which are a 15﹣minute walk from the store area. There is absolutely no（11）_______for this because the airport authorities know even before the day begins how many flights are arriving and departing and where they plan to put them. If I have just come off one long flight and I'm waiting for another, what I want is a quietplace, not an area（12）_______ bright lights and noisy shoppers.Travel, for me, is interesting but when I have to fly, getting there is（13）_______not half the fun. Airplanes are very efficient way to move people long distances and airports are a（n）（14）_______part of the process. Most airport do their best to provide a good travelling experience but they are to be（15）_______, not really enjoyed.（1）A typesB . citiesC . areasD . sizes（2）A identifiedB . handledC . promotedD . processed（3）A guardsB . astronautsC . pilotsD . passengers（4）A tremendousB . crowdedC . internationalD . fashionable（5）A flexibleB . multipleC . availableD . irregular（6）A excitingB . astonishingC . confusingD . encouraging（7）A regulatesB . emphasizesC . encountersD . demonstrates（8）A functionsB . departmentsC . airlinesD . authorities（9）A recreationB . presentationC . announcementD . impression（10）A look forB . get toC . meet atD . check out（11）A exceptionB . doubtC . apologyD . excuse（12）A filled withB . dominated byC . decorated withD . recognized by（13）A increasinglyB . permanentlyC . attentivelyD . definitely（14）A effectiveB . optionalC . necessaryD . suitable（15）A simplifiedB . enduredC . declaredD . paralleledSection BDirections： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. Sometimes when she felt bored, she would pick up one of the numerous biographies （传记）about herself and begin to note in. "I never did that" or "simply not true" she would write roughly in the margins at the sides of pages. Since journalists, biographers and more recently even "bloggers" had been writing about her since the day she was born, there was plenty of material to edit. Not that her notes or corrections were ever shared with the authors. Lately, however, she even seemed to have lost her appetite for correctness. Did it matter anymore if things were not right?She knew that sitting alone chewing away on downbeat thoughts would not get her anywhere and would leave those around her confused and upset, should they ever catch her out. After all she was the decisive one, always on top of her game. A printed timetable for the following day lay on the table. A full day of openings and presentations, of smiling and nodding and flowers.Shaking herself out of her gray mood, she stepped over towards the computer where a sudden burst of energy gave her an idea. The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph considered she needed to read, she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.A dish heaped with multi﹣coloured jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white﹣gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. Each spoonful had to be lifted delicately to her mouth under the watched eye of her grandmother, who was a stickler for good manners. It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days, what with all the concern about childhood fatness, but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Line﹣burst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Alwoy would be expecting her to make a short, predictable speech at the opening of the now bridge.（1）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？________A The main character is probably a journalist writing blogs about royalmembers. B The main character is always busy editing plenty of material about herself. C The authors probably had chances to get the notes or correctness from the main character. D Randolph is probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character.．（2）Why does the main character recall the time she ate jellies and ice cream？________A She wishes that she were still a child so that she could eat jellies and ice cream.B She is reminded of these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her ofthem. C She wishes she still knew where the handsome train waiter was. D Today's children aren't allowed to eat the same things that she ate as a child.．（3）A "Sparten menu"（paragraph 4）would most likely________.A have mainly low fat， healthy foodsB be suitable for a romanticdinner C include a range of sweets， but no jelly D include foods which are easy to transport．（4）What is most likely to happen next in this passage？________A The main character will practise her speech for greeting the Mayor of Alwoy.B The main character will decide to take a rail journey.C Randolph will send some emails tothe main character. D The main character will update her blog on the internet.．5. Canals have to be built on a level, otherwise the water drains out of them and the canal becomes useless. This was the great problem facing the early canal builders, and they overcame it in different ways. The early engineers like James Brindley simply followed the outlines of the countryside and kept their canals level though it often meant choosing very roundabout routes.Later engineers, such as Thomas Telford, developed a new technique known as "cut and fill" in which they fixed a level through very accurate surveying. This allowed them to fill in the hollows on a route with the exact amount of soil they took from the higher ground. Bythis method, very direct routes could be taken, which cut down the time of a journey very considerably. A good example of this type of canal is Telford's Liverpool and Birmingham Junction Canal, which he began in 1826 to provide a direct route from the Midlands to the River Mersey.It was seldom possible to build a completely level canal, of course, whichever method wasused, and most canals were provided with locks in which barges were raised or lowered to new levels. If you look at the diagram on the right, you can see a barge being raised in a lock by means of water which was allowed into the lock basin, or pound, from the upper level of the canal. When a barge had to be lowered, water was allowed out of the pound into the lower level of the canal.（1）Brindley's canals were less efficient， most likely because________.A he was not a good canal engineerB the techniques and skills available at the time were uselessC his canals were built to keep the water drains outD they had too many roundabout routes．（2）According to this passage， why was the "cut and fill" technique designed？________A The outlines of the land could not be followed directly.B It could make travelling distances shorter and save journey time.C New surveying techniques had been invented successfully.D The distance between the Midlands and River Mersey is great.．（3）Locks are needed in canals to________.A help boats to travel in both directionsB keep water levels changing all thetime C allow large ships to travel in canals D transfer boats across differing water levels．6. In the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural belief and magic. That was until the Greeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today ﹣﹣ that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not super﹣natural, explanations. Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use their skills to heal and do no harm. One of Hippocrates' theories was of the "four humours", a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body ﹣﹣ blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile （a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat）.Blood﹣letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body's internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using carefully observation and logical thought. Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal ﹣﹣ he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued experimentation are discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements ﹣﹣fire, earth, water and air.Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body, were eachin line with organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks' idea of four base elements （water, fire, earth）. Although discredited now, the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the century. They were:﹣ Blood from the liver; associated with Spring; with courage and hope﹣ Phlegm from brain and lungs; Winter; calm and unemotional﹣ Yellow bile from gall bladder（胆囊）: Summer; anger and bad temper﹣ Black bile from spleen（脾脏）: Autumn; with blue and dark mood（1）Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？________A It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world.B The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities.C Hippocrates thought disease was caused by imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body.D Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought.．（2）The practice of blood﹣letting was based on the belief that________.A the blood was polluted by virusesB the human body was not evenlybalanced C the patient was in a bad humour D too much blood was bad for people．（3）How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water？________A He studied many books from a scientific point of view.B He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.．（4）Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modern medicine？________A He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world.B He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moods.C He insisted that almostall diseases had supernatural explanations. D He recognized the importance of the observation and noting of symptoms.．Section CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7.Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically ActiveNew WHO﹣led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active， putting their current and future health at risk.（1）________ "Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now， particularly to promote and keep up girls' participation in physical activity，" says study author Dr Regina Gut﹣hold， WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness， bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing.（2）________To achieve these benefits， the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teems do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school﹣based surveys on physical activity levels.（3）________ Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active， involving education， urban planning， road safety and others. The highest levels of society， including national， city and local leaders， should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well﹣being of all people，including adolescents.（4）________ Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social， physical， and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.IV. Summary Writing8. Directions： Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Singapore's Information Technology StrategySingapore's information technology strategy rests on two major legs. The first leg is world﹣class basic facilities. Being a city﹣state，it is relatively easy to connect every home， office and hotel room. Our objective is to provide broad﹣band everywhere， either wired or wireless. We will make it a readily available utility like water， electricity， gas and telephone. We are well on our way there. We now require，by regulation，every new home to be equipped with broad﹣band in the same way as it is required to have water and electricity.The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT（information technology）. Like reading，writing and arithmetic， computers are best learnt when we are young. Today's children can click the mouse faster than we can blink. In many countries， children of middle﹣class families have no difficulty with this new technology. But， without special effort， there is a danger that children of poorer families will miss out on the opportunity to learn IT. Like the piano and violin， one can still learn the computer as an adult. But rarelydoes one acquire the same facility. The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background. The Education Ministry now has a multi﹣billion dollar programme to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore from first grade onwards. Every teacher will have a notebook. Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT， if not for themselves， at leastfor their children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households in Singapore now own PCs. Over one﹣third of households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we wantis for every Singaporean to be computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank，factory or restaurant，just as one would expect an employee to be able to read，write and count. An employer in Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not now how to use a computer or the Internet.V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 如天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。
2021年上海市黄浦区教育学院附属中山学校高三英语一模试题及答案
2021年上海市黄浦区教育学院附属中山学校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are sending a text message watching TV or listening to the radio, you may stop and give this your full attention. Multitasking shrinks (使.....萎缩)the brain? research suggests.A study found that men and womenwho frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, " Using mobile phones, laptops and other media devicessimultaneouslycould be changing the structure of our brains."Worryingly, the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion. The finding follows research which has linked multitasking with a shortened attention span, depression , anxiety and lower grades at school.The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking e-mail, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the Internet. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingu-late cortex (ACC)(前扣带皮层).Scientists have proved that brain structure can be changed on exposure to fresh environments and experience.Other studies have shown that training—such as learning to play magic tricks or taxi drivers' learning the map of London―can increase grey matter densities (密度)in certain parts.Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. The University of California team conducted a survey of more than 18,000 people aged between 18 and 99，and found 20%had problems with memory. Researchers were shocked greatly by the 14 % of 18 to 39-year-old people who also worried about their memories.Multitasking may shorten attention span, making it harder to focus and form memories, the researchers said, adding that youngsters may be particularly affected by stress.1. The underlined word " simultaneously" in Paragraph 2 means "________，"A. on one's ownB. at no timeC. at the same timeD. by accident2. All of the following are possible effects of multitasking EXCEPT________ .A. saving timeB. a shortened attention spanC. lower grades at schoolD. depression and anxiety3. Which ofthe following can be the best title of this passage?A. Media multitasking is becoming more popularB. Multitasking shrinks the brainC. Multitasking may shorten attention spanD. People are worried about their memories.BJohn Montefiore's path to graduation from theUniversityofTorontowas a little unusual. He recently completed his bachelor's degree(学士学位) which he started in1995.Montefiore left university in 1996 and tried to tell himself that a degree wasn't necessary for personal success. But it remained unfinished businessuntil he made the decision to return in 2018 at the age 42. At that time, his job development stalled, so he made up his mind to go back to school in order to improve himself and work well in future.The second time around, Montefiore never missed a class and always sat in the front row. He found many courses invaluable and he received the Award of Excellence twice. He found support services played an important role in his successful return. He said, “I hadn't written a paper for years, so I found the college writing centre to be of great use. Before I handed in a paper, they would give me feedback, which was really great. The university has so much built in to help students succeed and I'm so thankful for that.” But he also met difficulties this time. As a student much older than others, he found it harder to make friends with classmates.However, no matter what had happened before, he finally got his bachelor's degree. He said, “After all these years, I had thought it wouldn't mean anything, but it means a lot. I totally understand the value of education now. It's not necessarily the value that other people see in it, but the value it gives me as a person, for my confidence and my self-esteem. It also helps me prepare well before I re-enter the workplace.”4. Why was Montefiore's graduation unusual?A. He had achieved personal success before.B. He understood the importance of a degree.C. He finished his degree at a much older age.D. He began his university study at a young age.5. What does the underlined word "stalled" in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Stopped.B. Started.C. Survived.D. Succeeded.6. What can we learn about Montefiore from the third paragraph?A. He got good grades very easily.B. He took his study seriously this timeC. He was thankful for his classmates' helpD. He had difficulty using support services.7. What did Montefiore learn from his experience?A. Confidence is important in one's life.B. Others' opinions on education matter a lot.C. Higher education is a must for personal success.D. Education makes one feel better about himself.CRichard Campbell is a secondary school student. He is15 years old. He lives in a small town in the north ofEngland. Every morning, he gets up at eight o’clock, puts on his uniform and walks to school.One hour later, the lessons start. The students usually study maths, English, history and geography in the morning. They usually study music and drawing and they play sports after lunch. They have a ten-minute break between classes. They also spend a long time in the school library, reading books and doing their homework.Richard likes his school very much. His favourite subjects are English and geography, but he doesn’t like maths because he is not good at it.Richard and all his friends spend the whole day at school. Lunch is at one o’clock. He doesn’t like the food that the school serves. This is why he often brings a packed lunch from home. He always has his lunch in the dining hall, but some of his friends sometimes eat in the courtyard or outside the school gate.At weekends, he always goes out with his friends because he doesn’t go to school. On Saturday, he always goes to the cinema or to the sports centre. On Sunday, he just goes for a walk with his dog.8. What time do Richard’s lessons begin in the morning?A. At 8:00.B. At 8:30.C. At 9:00.D. At 9:10.9. What does Richard like best?A. Maths and English.B. English and geography.C. History and maths.D. Geography and history.10. Where does Richard have lunch on weekdays?A. In the dining hall.B. At home.C. In the courtyard.D. Outside his school gate.11. What does Richard always do on Saturday?A. He reads and does homework.B. He goes to see films or does sports.C. He walks his dog or does exercise.D. He spends a long time in the library.DTeenagers from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers（同龄人）to do less well in schoolwork and to drop out of school. Studies have shown, however, that a positive attitude towards schoolwork and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriersand lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement （参与）comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how teenagers experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behavior that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a large one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Researchers asked 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their school work, and how they experienced their fathers' warmth. The students' maths and language arts grades were also gained. The research team took into account the influence that mothers have on their children’s well-being in their analyses.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism and higher achievement at school. “Low-income fathers affect their teenagers’ beliefs about themselves and their future, and these beliefs influence their achievement by increasing their determination to complete school tasks, “says Dr, Marie-Anne.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, although in different ways. Experiencing their fathers’ warmth first influences daughters’sense of optimism, and thenspills overinto their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better maths grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers, love and boys' belief in their ability to succeed in academy.12. What is more likely to happen to teenagers from low-income families?A. They will be more determined to struggle.B. They will have fewer happy things to share.C. They will fail in their studies and quit school.D. They will receive less love from their parents.13. How is the new research different from the previous ones?A. It only researches families in the north of America.B. It only studies low-education families in the world.C. It combines questionnaire data and students, grades.D. It mainly focuses on the effects of fathers' involvement.14. What can we know about fathers' warmth?A. It is less effective than that of mothers.B. It affects girls and boys in different ways.C. It mainly applies to girls rather than boys.D. It has a more direct effect on girls thanon boys.15. Which of the following best explains "spills over" underlined in the last paragraph?A. Spreads.B. Changes.C. Bursts.D. Checks.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020~2021年黄浦区高三英语一模试卷(含答案)
黄浦区2020学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英 语 试 卷（完卷时间：120分钟 满分：140分）2020年12月第I卷（共100分）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Brother and sister. B.Father and daughter.C.Husband and wife.D.Mother and son.2. A. A waiter. B.A manager. C.A salesman. D.A barber.3. A. He enjoys eating it. B.He cares little for it.C.He prefers fried seafood.D.He doesn’t want to taste it.4. A. The goods there were on sale last weekend.B.It’s the woman’s favourite shopping mall.C.It sold out 50% of the goods last weekend.D.It’s the cheapest shopping mall nearby.5. A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her clothes’ style.B.The woman is most probably pregnant.C.The woman doesn’t like the new family member.D.The woman is trying her best to lose weight.6. A. It is the only property she has.B.Her father asked her not to sell it.C.She inherited it from his father.D.She has nowhere to live after selling it.7. A. Call a repairman to come at once.B.Check the sink in the kitchen first.C.Clear up the kitchen right now.D.Stop the water from running immediately.8. A. She lost her purse. B.She forgot to bring cash.C.She failed to attend the concert.D.She was unable to get the student discount.9. A. Finish checking her reference. plete the research.C.Put the material in order.D.Start typing the paper.10. A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B.The woman didn’t sleep well because of the movie.C.The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D.The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wrote several books. B.She managed a farm.C.She was a business woman.D.She worked as a nurse.12. A. 101 years. B.76 years. C.25 years. D.22 years.13. A. Pictures in plain style. B.A successful art collector.C.A great American artist.D.The secret of living longer.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To concentrate for our quiet thought.B.To give full attention to the driving.C.To avoid being caught by the police.D.To be as casual as possible in the driving.15. A. In an elevator. B.At a special hall.C.In a bathroom.D.At a concert.16. A. By listening comprehensively and analytically.B.By taking a sonic bath thoroughly.C.By attending classical concerts frequently.D.By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Inquiring about the details of a trade fair.B.Booking rooms at a hotel.plaining about the hotel room service.D.Giving suggestions on receiving guests.18. A. It’s a busy season for international tourism.B.There aren’t many hotels available in the city.C.An important economic event will occur.D.There is a big conference to be held.19. A. For five days altogether.B.From Dec.11th to Dec. 13th.C.From morning to night on Dec.15th.D.A whole day on the fourth day of their stay.20. A. The woman wants to reserve rooms either on the 1st or 6th floor.B.The woman has to pay 1200 dollars for all the rooms she has booked.C.Whether the rooms are accessible by wheelchair will affect the woman’s choice.D.Twelve people are most likely to attend the conference to be held on Dec.13th.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Consider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects, I’m sure(if you were anything like my younger self) that you used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes I (21)______(go) to in elementary and middle school, we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was (22) ______ I built up my collection of Cadoozles, which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I’ve long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I (23) ______ (hide) in an empty mooncake tin so many years before, which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days, when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (24) ______ (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly, since you don’t have to buy (25) ______ wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead(铅芯). You can simply refill your mechanical pencil! There is only one slight negative I must remark on, (26) ______ is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils “lead pencil” in casual conversation, the term “lead pencil” is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay, which (27) ______ not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: “John, stop that! You’re going to get lead poisoning!” I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much (28) ______ (safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one, but (29) ____________ the mooncake tin has become increasingly lighter, I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger; perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the mooncake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that there would always be a new pencil for me (30) ______ (use) tomorrow.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.threatenedB.designedC.preferencesD.typicallyE.experimentalF. theoreticalG.abandoned H.instruments I.constantly J.extensive K.persuasiveScience Isn’t Always Perfect— But We Should Still Trust ItFrom environment pollution to climate change, we make decisions every day that involve us in scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat? Is climate change an emergency? In recent years, many of these issues have become politically polarized, with people rejecting scientific evidence that is opposite their political 31 . When Greta Thunberg, the youthful climate activist, was asked by one member why we should trust the science, she replied, “because it’s science!”For several decades, there has been a(n) 32 and organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think-tanks whose interests and beliefs are 33 by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.That answer isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not 34 . After all, just because scientists more than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn’t prove that a different group of scientists are right about a different issue today.An alternative answer to the question—Why trust science? —is that scientists use “the scientific method.” If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around the house, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But this answer is wrong. But what is 35 declared to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis(假设), then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods, and these methods have changed with time. Science 36 changes: new methods get invented, old ones get 37 , and any particular point in time scientists can be found doing many different things. And that’s a good thing, because the so-called scientific method doesn’t work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was 38 to test is true. There also might be many different theories that could produce that same 39 result. On the contrary, if the experiment fails, it doesn’t prove the theory is wrong; it could be that the experiment was badly conducted or there was a fault in one of the 40 .III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Travelling, at least travelling any considerable distance, means dealing with airports. I’ve seen my share of airports. They come in several 41 . The smallest I have been through was in the African town of Hoedspruit where the main waiting area was smaller than many school classrooms, security and ticket checking were both 42 by one person who was also controlling the gate onto the airfield and you had to walk out to the plane and climb the stairs to get in. It was even smaller than Canada’s Moncton airport where the person taking the tickets was also one of the two 43 on our flight.At the other extreme are the 44 , modern airports in the world’s major cities. LAX, in Los Angeles has two parallel runways and provides the unusual opportunity to watch out the window of your landing aircraft as another one lands right beside you. Some, such as Beijing’s Capital International Airport, SeaTac in Seattle and the International Airport in San Francisco, like those in Hong Kong and Shanghai, have 45 terminals connected by different buses or underground trains. Finding a connecting flight often means changing terminals, which can be a little 46 .Heathrow airport in London, England, 47 that bigger is not always better. Heathrow consists of terminals used by various 48 and is centered around an area that contains stores and restaurants. At Heathrow the tired traveller gets the 49 that they want you to spend your time in the stores because they won’t announce the gate from which your flight will leave until about an hour before flight time. Given that they start to get people onto the planes half an hour before takeoff that leaves just 30 minutes to find and 50 your gate, some of which are a 25-minute walk from the store area. There is absolutely no 51 for this because the airport authorities know even before the day begins how many flights are arriving and departing and where they plan to put them. If I have just come off one long flight and I’m waiting for another, what I want is a quiet place, not an area 52 bright lights and noisy shoppers.Travel, for me, is interesting but when I have to fly, getting there is 53 not half the fun. Airplanes are a very efficient way to move people long distances and airports are a(n) 54 part of the process. Most airports do their best to provide a good travelling experience but they are to be 55 , not really enjoyed.41. A. types B.cities C.areas D.sizes42. A. identified B.handled C.promoted D.processed43. A. guards B.astronauts C.pilots D.passengers44. A. tremendous B.crowded C.international D.fashionable45. A. flexible B.multiple C.available D.irregular46. A. exciting B.astonishing C.confusing D.encouraging47. A. regulates B.emphasizes C.encounters D.demonstrates48. A. functions B.departments C.airlines D.authorities49. A. recreation B.presentation C.announcement D.impression50. A. look for B.get to C.meet at D.check out51. A. exception B.doubt C.apology D.excuse52. A. filled with B.dominated by C.decorated with D.recognized by53. A. increasingly B.permanently C.attentively D.definitely54. A. effective B.optional C.necessary D.suitable55. A. simplified B.endured C.declared D.paralleledSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Sometimes when she felt bored, she would pick up one of the numerous biographies(传记) about herself and begin to note on it. “I never did that” or “simply not true” she would write roughly in the margins at the sides of pages. Since journalists, biographers and more recently even “bloggers” had been writing about her since the day she was born, there was plenty of material to edit. Not that her notes or corrections were ever shared with the authors. Lately, however, she even seemed to have lost her appetite for correctness. Did it matter anymore if things were not right?She knew that sitting alone chewing away on downbeat thoughts would not get her anywhere and would leave those around her confused and upset, should they ever catch her out. After all she was the decisive one, always on top of her game. A printed timetable for the following day lay on the table. A full day of openings and presentations, of smiling and nodding and flowers.Shaking herself out of her gray mood, she stepped over towards the computer where a sudden burst of energy gave her an idea. The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph had considered she needed to read, she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.A dish heaped with multi-coloured jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white-gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. Each spoonful had to be lifted delicately to her mouth under the watchful eye of her grandmother, who was a stickler for good manners. It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days, what with all the concern about childhood fatness, but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Linehurst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Alwoy would be expecting her to make a short, predictable speech at the opening of the new bridge.56.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.The main character is probably a journalist writing blogs about royal members.B.The main character is always busy editing plenty of material about herself.C.The authors probably had chances to get the notes or correctness from the main character.D.Randolph is probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character.57.Why does the main character recall the time she ate jellies and ice cream?A.She wishes that she were still a child so that she could eat jellies and ice cream.B.She is reminded of these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her of them.C.She wishes she still knew where the handsome train waiter was.D.Today’s children aren’t allowed to eat the same things that she ate as a child.58. A “Spartan menu”(paragraph 4) would most likely ___________________.A.have mainly low fat, healthy foodsB.be suitable for a romantic dinnerC.include a range of sweets, but no jellyD.include foods which are easy to transport59.What is most likely to happen next in this passage?A.The main character will practise her speech for greeting the Mayor of Alwoy.B.The main character will decide to take a rail journey.C.Randolph will send some emails to the main character.D.The main character will update her blog on the internet.Canals have to be built on a level, otherwise the waterdrains out of them and the canal becomes useless. This wasthe great problem facing the early canal builders, and theyovercame it in different ways. The early engineers like JamesBrindley simply followed the outlines of the countryside andkept their canals level even though it often meant choosingvery roundabout routes.Later engineers, such as Thomas Telford, developed anew technique known as ‘cut and fill’ in which they fixed alevel through very accurate surveying. This allowed them tofill in the hollows on a route with the exact amount of soilthey took from the higher ground. By this method, verydirect routes could be taken, which cut down the time of ajourney very considerably. A good example of this type ofcanal is Telford’s Liverpool and Birmingham Junction Canal,which he began in 1826 to provide a direct route from theMidlands to the River Mersey.It was seldom possible to build a completely level canal,of course, whichever method was used, and most canals wereprovided with locks in which barges were raised or loweredto new levels. If you look at the diagram on the right, youcan see a barge being raised in a lock by means of waterwhich was allowed into the lock basin, or pound, from theupper level of the canal. When a barge had to be lowered,water was allowed out of the pound into the lower level ofthe canal.60.Brindley’s canals were less efficient, most likely because _______________.A.he was not a good canal engineerB.the techniques and skills available at the time were uselessC.his canals were built to keep the water drains outD.they had too many roundabout routes61.According to this passage, why was the ‘cut and fill’ technique designed?A.The outlines of the land could not be followed directly.B.It could make travelling distances shorter and save journey time.C.New surveying techniques had been invented successfully.D.The distance between the Midlands and River Mersey is great.62.Locks are needed in canals to _______________.A.help boats to travel in both directionsB.keep water levels changing all the timeC.allow large ships to travel in canalsD.transfer boats across differing water levelsIn the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural belief and magic. That was until the Greeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today—that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not supernatural, explanations.Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use their skills to heal and do no harm. One of Hippocrates’ theories was of the ‘four humours’, a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body—blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile(a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat).Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body’s internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using careful observation and logical thought.Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal—he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued experimentation and discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also a believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements—fire, earth, water and air.Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body, were each in line with an organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks’ idea of four base elements (air, water, fire, earth). Although discredited now, the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the 18th century. They were: -Blood from the liver: associated with Spring; with courage and hope-Phlegm from brain and lungs: Winter; calm and unemotional-Yellow bile from gall bladder (胆囊): Summer; anger and bad temper-Black bile from spleen(脾脏): Autumn; with blue and dark mood63.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world.B.The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities.C.Hippocrates thought disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body.D.Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought.64.The practice of blood-letting was based on the belief that ____________.A.the blood was polluted by virusesB.the human body was not evenly balancedC.the patient was in a bad humourD.too much blood was bad for people65.How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water?A.He studied many books from a scientific point of view.B.He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C.He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D.He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.66.Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modern medicine?A.He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world.B.He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moods.C.He insisted that almost all diseases had supernatural explanations.D.He recognized the importance of the observation and noting of symptoms.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Current evidence suggests that many of these benefits continue into adulthood.B.To increase physical activity for adolescents, the authors need to identify the many causes and inequities.C.The authors say that levels of insufficient physical activity in adolescents continue to be extremely high.D.To improve levels of physical activity among adolescents, the study provides some recommendations as follows.E.The authors note that adolescents’ participation in physical activity will continue into adulthood.F. The study highlights that young people have the right to play and should be provided with the opportunities torealize their right to physical and mental health and wellbeing.Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically ActiveNew WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk. 67 “Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls’ participation in physical activity,” says study author Dr Regina Guthold, WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing. 68To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teens do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.69 Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active, involving education, urban planning, road safety and others. The highest levels of society, including national, city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents.70 Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.IV.Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Singapore’s Information Technology StrategySingapore’s information technology strategy rests on two major legs. The first leg is world-class basic facilities. Being a city-state, it is relatively easy to connect every home, office and hotel room. Our objective is to provide broad-band everywhere, either wired or wireless. We will make it a readily available utility like water, electricity, gas and telephone. We are well on our way there. We now require, by regulation, every new home to be equipped with broad-band in the same way as it is required to have water and electricity.The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT(information technology). Like reading, writing and arithmetic, computers are best learnt when we are young. Today’s children can click the mouse faster than we can blink. In many countries, children of middle-class families have no difficulty with this new technology. But, without special effort, there is a danger that children of poorer families will miss out on the opportunity to learn IT. Like the piano and violin, one can still learn the computer as an adult. But rarely does one acquire the same facility. The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background. The Education Ministry now has a multi-billion dollar programme to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore from first grade onwards. Every teacher will have a notebook.Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT, if not for themselves, at least for their children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households in Singapore now own PCs. Over one-third of households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we want is for every Singaporean to be computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank, factory or restaurant, just as one would expect an employee to be able to read, write and count. An employer in Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not know how to use a computer or the Internet.。
2021年上海市黄浦学校高三英语一模试题及答案
2021年上海市黄浦学校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APersonal Time Off(PTO)is something my wife and I created after having kids. We learned that，over time，a full life can leave little time for personal rest and for reflection，hanging out with friends，or just being“off. ”So，after a number of years，we make a change. If I can persuade you to take your own PTO，then these might help.■Schedule itFirst of all，one of our favorite family sayings is“schedule it. ”Sounds easy enough，but life gets complicated managing full-time work and full-time family. Put yourPTO time on the calendar and you make it a real thing.■Be flexible and strictIf you can schedule PTO at the same time each week，then all the better. Because our calendar can get rather full，flexibility in scheduling becomes a necessity. But being strict in actually taking the time each week is more important. Skipping it once makes it easier to skip again.■Take enough timeMy typical PTO lasts a couple of hours or longer. Sometimes it might be half the day depending on what I’m doing. The goal is to spend enough time away to1et your shoulders drop.■Do what you want to doRemember，PTO time is about personal time to do what you want to do，not what you have to do. PTO time is about relaxation. Grab a friend and get a beer. Work can wait until tomorrow.1.What can be the first step to take the PTO?A.Persuade the family.B.Have a personal rest.C.Ask friends for advice.D.Make a time plan.2.What does the underlined part“let your shoulders drop”probably mean?A.Get you more focused.B.Have you feel relaxed.C.Shake your shoulders often.D.Make you feel more stressed.3.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Tips on how to take your time offB.Skills to manage work and familyC.Advice on how to free yourselfD.Ways of scheduling your workBIn many countries of the world, people can confidently tell youthe meaning of their town or city, but most people who live inManchester,OxfordorBirminghamwould not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.Two thousand years ago, most people living inBritainwere Celts. Even the word “Britain" is Celtic (凯尔特语).Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called “castra". This is why there are so many place names inEnglandwhich end in "-chester" or “-caster"Manchester, for example.The Romans never reachedWalesorScotland, and many placenames there are Celtic. For example,Welsh place names that begin with “Llan" come from the Celtic word for "church".After the Romans leftBritain, it was attacked by the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is nowGermanyandHolland. The names of their villages often ended in “-ham" or “-ton". Some got their names from the leader of the village.SoBirminghamfor example, means "Beormund's village”The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton (village on a hill)——a good place to build a village and Moreton (“village by a lake”)where floods could make life hard. Place names that end in “-ford" (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.Finally, in 1066EnglandbecameNorman—theNormansgave us the place name "grange", which means farm.And how aboutLondon? Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants (居民). People once believed that theUnited Kingdom’s capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast-flowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.4. The origin of British place names is unfamiliar to many local people because ofA. the death of local languagesB. the long lost history of the namesC. their lack of interest in itD. the frequent changes to the names5. According to the article,Stratfordis most likely a town .A. on a hillB. near a castleC. beside a riverD. with a church6. Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants inBritain?A. The Celts—The Romans—TheNormans—The Anglo SaxonsB. The Celts—The Romans—The Anglo Saxons—TheNormansC. The Romans—The Celts—The Anglo Saxons—TheNormansD. The Romans―The Anglo Saxons—The Celts—TheNormans7. What doesLondonmean in Celtic?A. RiverB. LondiniumC. LudD. CastleCSome years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.8. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of lightB. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designersC. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters9. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.A. the students who are major in mathematical geometryB. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systemsC. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designsD. those who are interested in physics10. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.A. indirect ways of learning mathematicsB. a fundamental power within the theoryC. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems11. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.A. a review of a bookB. a chemistry textbookC. an optician's essayD. a general science textDEvery day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force, searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertainfeelings in gift-givers. Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds, while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients (接受者).Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel, gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”).What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift. Though it seems natural to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation on the value of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual (习俗), by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal”. As for gift-recipients, they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the experience as both givers and receivers, people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another. In theoretical terms, people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts, but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.12. The author uses “the deadweight loss of Christmas” in Paragraph 2 to express ________.A. gift-givers don’t spend much money during holidaysB. gift-givers don’t ask recipients what gifts they preferC. gift-givers buy improper and expensive giftsD. gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts13. According to the passage, people buy gifts to ________.A. receive gifts in returnB. enjoy the feeling of shoppingC. help recipients to save moneyD. better relationships with recipients14. What can we learn from the passage?A. People’s high living standards require expensive gifts.B. Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.C. Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.D. Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.15. Why did the author write this article?A. To criticize people’s gift-buying habits.B. To analyze people’s gift-giving behaviors.C. To offer advice on how to improve relationships.D. To remind people not to overlook others’ preferences.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届上海市黄浦区教育学院附属中山学校高三英语一模试题及答案
2021届上海市黄浦区教育学院附属中山学校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The opening ceremony for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games was held at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo on July 23, 2021 after a year of waiting due to the pandemic. Let's take a look at the highlights which make this opening ceremony unique.No spectatorsThere are no spectators during the opening ceremony in an effort to prevent the spread of the coronavirus infections. About 950 people, including officials and journalists, will watch in the main stadium, organizers said. Fewer athletes are expected to attend the ceremony because many are not allowed to stay for the entire Games due to COVID-19 restrictions.Male and female flag-bearersThe International Olympic Committee has actively encouraged all delegations toselect two flag-bearers at the opening ceremony, including one woman, as women's participation in the Tokyo Games reaches 48.8 percent, making it the most gender-balanced Olympics in the history of the event.Oath (宣誓) session updatedOne of the most symbolic parts of the opening ceremony—the Olympic oath—has been significantly adapted in order to “highlight the importance of solidarity, inclusion, non-discrimination and equality”. The number of oath-takers is also extended from three to six—two athletes, two coaches and two judges.Simplified ceremonyIn the 30-second video showing the rehearsal of the opening ceremony released to the public, the performances are integrated with dances, scenery and other display elements used in Japanese traditional festival activities.In order to prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic and manage the cost, the Tokyo 2020 Organizing Committee said that the performances of the ceremony will be greatly simplified, with more light and shadow technology used instead of real decorations at the scene.1.Why isn't there any spectator during the opening ceremony?A.To limit the number of people present.B.To highlight the spirit of the Olympic Games.C.To control the spread of an infectious disease.D.To make room for the athletes all over the world.2.Why is each delegation encouraged to select one woman as a flag-bearer in Tokyo Olympics?A.Women will be in a leading position in sports.B.Women athletes make up a larger percentage than ever.C.Women will play a more important part in society.D.More and more women will take part in the Olympic Games.3.Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A.Oath-takers are made up of six athletes.B.Tokyo uses more real decorations to cut the cost.C.About 950 people watch the entire games in the Tokyo Games.D.The opening ceremony presents the traditional culture of Japan.BWhere doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom? How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye, experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr. Charles Oerba, a germ expert, is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona. He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls, and every time you flush it without closing the lid, those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path. And a common victim is your poor toothbrush, usually, left out on the bathroom sink, right?So, what do we do? Dr. Gerba says it’s easy. Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’ll greatly cut downthe germs, which will otherwise float in the air. And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it. You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it. And always store your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drainor—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.4. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show how to brush your teeth.B. To tell people the importance of health.C. To warn people of the invisible germs.D. To introduce a microbiology professor.5. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B. Bacteria are bad for people’s health.C. Why bacteria spread through the air.D. How bacteria spread in the bathroom.6. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The food.B. The toothbrush.C. The sink.D. The chemical.7. Why does Dr. Gerba mention the example of an alien?A. To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B. To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C. To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero.D. To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain.CYellowstoneNational ParkbecameAmerica's first national park in 1872. The National Park Service was formed 44 years later in 1916.Yellowstone, which is mostly in the state of Wyoming, is considered an example of the success of the National Park System.Humans have been present in Yellowstone for more than 11,000 years.Yellowstone contains beautiful mountains, deep canyons(峡谷), lakes and rivers.The nameYellowstonecomes from the river running through the area. At first known as Rock Yellow River, it became known as theYellowstoneRiver.Yellowstoneis host to many different species of plants. However, the park is most distinctive because of what lies underneath it. It sits on top of an ancient super volcano, known as The Yellowstone Caldera. The caldera is 48by 72 kilometers. And it remains an active volcano.It is believed that the last time the volcano erupted was one half million years ago. The area has had three major eruptions in the last three million years.Experts say it may erupt again in another 1,000 to 10,000 years. But each year, there are thousands of earthquakes atYellowstone. Most are too small to be felt by people visiting the park.Yellowstoneis filled with the beauty of many hot water springs. hot water and gasses are trapped under the earth. they rush to the surface in the form of hot water and steam.Old Faithful is The most famous one .Iterupts about every hour or hour and a half. The eruption can last from one and a half minutes up to 5 minutes. The amount of hot water it expels（排出）in that time can be as much as 31,000 liters or more.In addition to its beauty and wonder, Yellowstone is an animal sanctuary（保护区）. It is home to the largest group of wild animals in theUnited States. As you travel through the park, you can sometimes see them in their natural habitat and hear their calls .8. What wasYellowstonenamed after?A. RockYellow RiverB. The amazing mountains.C. The stones with yellow color1D. The first discovery inwyoming.9. What makesYellowstonequite unique?A. The scenery is beautiful.B. There are a lot of explorers.C. It’s home to many plants.D. Its location is very special.10. What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The earth.B. Yellowstone.C.Old Faithful.D. TheYellowstoneCaldera.11. What can we infer from the text?A. The Yellowstone Caldera has been dead for years.B. Yellowstone is a shelter for the protected wildlife.C. Big earthquakes happen frequently atYellowstone.D.YellowstoneNational Parkhas attracted visitors for centuries.DEver wondered if dogs can learn new words? Yes, say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words, unless eventually very well trained, afew individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities, according to a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from theEötvösLorándUniversityinHungary. For the study, the team involved two gifted dogs, Whisky and Vicky Nina. The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.In the exclusion-based task, presented with seven known toys and one new toy, the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name. Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word, they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.However, this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy. In fact, when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name, the dogs got totally confused and failed.The other condition, the social one, where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog, proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy, even after hearing it only 4 times. “The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months,” Fugazza says. “But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs. ”To test whether most dogs would learn words this way, 20 other dogs were tested in the same condition, but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names, confirming that the abilityto learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs.12. What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?A. To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.B. To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.C. To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.D. To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.13. How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?A. Slow to understand.B. Quick to learn.C. At a loss.D. In a panic.14. What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?A. Learning through playing applied to most dogs.B. The social condition helped dogs learn new words.CDogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.D. Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.15. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly.B. Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion.C. Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training.D. Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市黄浦区2021届高考英语一模试卷
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Consider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects. I'm sure (if you were anything like my younger self) that you used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes I (21) ________ (go) to in elementary and middle school, we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was (22) ________ I built up my collection of Cadoozles, which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I've long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I (23) ________ (hide) in an empty moon-cake tin so many years before, which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days, when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (24) ________ (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly, since you don't have to buy (25) ________ wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead（铅芯）. You can simply refill your mechanical pencil. There is only one slight negative I must remark on, (26) ________ is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils "lead pencil" in casual conversation, the term "lead pencil" is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay, which (27) ________ not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: "John, stop that! You're going to get lead poisoning!" I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much (28) ________ (safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one, but (29) ________ ________ the moon-cake tin has become increasingly lighter, I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger; perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the moon-cake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that three would always be a new pencil for me (30) ________ (use) tomorrow.1/ 12Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Science Isn't Always Perfect -- But We Should Still Trust ItFrom environment pollution to climate change, we make decisions every day that involve us in scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat? Is climate change an emergency? In recent years, many of these issues have become politically polarized, with people rejecting scientific evidence that is opposite their political __31__. When Greta Thunberg, the youthful climate activist, was asked by one member why we should trust the science, she replied, "because it's science!"For several decades, there has been a(n) __32__ and organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think-tanks whose interests and beliefs are __33__ by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.That answer isn't wrong, but for many people it's not __34__. After all, just because scientists more than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn't prove that a different group of scientists are right about a different issue today.An alternative answer to the question -- Why trust science? -- is that scientists use "the scientific method." If you've got a high school science textbook lying around the house, you'll probably find that answer in it. But this answer is wrong. But what is __35__ declared to be the scientific method -- develop a hypothesis（假设）, then design an experiment to test it -- isn't what scientists actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods, and these methods have changed with time. Science __36__ changes: new methods get invented, old ones get __37__, and any particular point in time scientists can be found doing many different things. And that's a good thing, because the so-called scientific method doesn't work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn't prove the theory that was __38__ to test it is true. There also might be many different theories that could produce that same __39__ result. On the2/ 12contrary, if the experiment fails, it doesn't prove the theory is wrong: it could be that the experiment was badly conducted or there was a fault in one of the __40__.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Travelling, at least travelling any considerable distance, means dealing with airports. I've seen my share of airports. They come in several __41__. The smallest I have been through was in the African town of Hoedspruit where the main waiting area was smaller than many school classrooms, security and ticket checking were both __42__ by one person who was also controlling the gate onto the airfield and you had to walk out to the plane and climb the stairs to get in. It was even smaller than Canada's Moncton airport where the person taking the tickets was also one of the two __43__ on our flight.At the other extreme are the __44__, modern airports in the world's major cities. LAX, in Los Angeles has two parallel runways and provides the unusual opportunity to watch out the window of your landing aircraft as another one lands right beside you. Some, such as Beijing's Capital International Airport, SeaTac in Seattle and the International Airport in San Francisco, like those in Hong Kong and Shanghai, have __45__ terminals connected by different buses or underground trains. Finding a connecting flight often means changing terminals, which can be a little __46__.Heathrow airport in London, England, __47__ that bigger is not always better. Heathrow consists of terminals used by various __48__ and is centered around an area that contains stores and restaurants. At Heathrow the tired traveller gets the __49__ that they want you to spend your time in the stores because they won't announce the gate from which your flight will leave until about an hour before flight time. Given that they start to get people onto the planes half an hour before takeoff that leaves just 30 minutes to find and __50__ your gate, some of which are a 15-minute walk from the store area. There is absolutely no __51__ for this because the airport authorities know even before the day begins how many flights are arriving and departing and where they plan to put them. If I have just come off one long flight and I'm waiting for another, what I want is a quiet place, not an area __52__ bright lights and noisy shoppers.Travel, for me, is interesting but when I have to fly, getting there is __53__ not half the fun. Airplanes are very efficient way to move people long distances and airports are a(n) __54__ part of the process. Most airport do their best to provide a good travelling experience but they are to be3/ 12__55__, not really enjoyed.41. A. types B. cities C. areas D. sizes42. A. identified B. handled C. promoted D. processed43. A. guards B. astronauts C. pilots D. passengers44. A. tremendous B. crowded C. international D. fashionable45. A. flexible B. multiple C. available D. irregular46. A. exciting B. astonishing C. confusing D. encouraging47. A. regulates B. emphasizes C. encounters D. demonstrates48. A. functions B. departments C. airlines D. authorities49. A. recreation B. presentation C. announcement D. impression50. A. look for B. get to C. meet at D. check out51. A. exception B. doubt C. apology D. excuse52. A. filled with B. dominated by C. decorated with D. recognized by53. A. increasingly B. permanently C. attentively D. definitely54. A. effective B. optional C. necessary D. suitable55. A. simplified B. endured C. declared D. paralleledSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sometimes when she felt bored, she would pick up one of the numerous biographies（传记）about herself and begin to note in. "I never did that" or "simply not true" she would write roughly in the margins at the sides of pages. Since journalists, biographers and more recently even "bloggers" had been writing about her since the day she was born, there was plenty of material to4/ 12edit. Not that her notes or corrections were ever shared with the authors. Lately, however, she even seemed to have lost her appetite for correctness. Did it matter anymore if things were not right?She knew that sitting alone chewing away on downbeat thoughts would not get her anywhere and would leave those around her confused and upset, should they ever catch her out. After all she was the decisive one, always on top of her game. A printed timetable for the following day lay on the table. A full day of openings and presentations, of smiling and nodding and flowers.Shaking herself out of her gray mood, she stepped over towards the computer where a sudden burst of energy gave her an idea. The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph considered she needed to read, she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.A dish heaped with multi-coloured jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white-gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. Each spoonful had to be lifted delicately to her mouth under the watched eye of her grandmother, who was a stickler for good manners. It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days, what with all the concern about childhood fatness, but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Line-burst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Alwoy would be expecting her to make a short, predictable speech at the opening of the now bridge.56. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The main character is probably a journalist writing blogs about royal members.B. The main character is always busy editing plenty of material about herself.C. The authors probably had chances to get the notes or correctness from the main character.D. Randolph is probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character.57. Why does the main character recall the time she ate jellies and ice cream?A. She wishes that she were still a child so that she could eat jellies and ice cream.B. She is reminded of these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her of them.C. She wishes she still knew where the handsome train waiter wasD. Today's children aren't allowed to eat the same things that she ate as a child.58. A "Sparten menu" (paragraph 4) would most likely ________________________.5/ 12a. have mainly low fat, healthy foods B. be suitable for a romantic dinnerC. include a range of sweets, but no jellyD. include foods which are easy to transport59. What is most likely to happen next in this passage?A. The main character will practise her speech for greeting the Mayor of Alwoy.B. The main character will decide to take a rail journey.C. Randolph will send some emails to the main character.D. The main character will update her blog on the internet.(B)Canals have to be built on a level, otherwise the water drains out of them and the canal becomes useless. This was the great problem facing the early canal builders, and they overcame it in different ways. The early engineers like James Brindley simply followed the outlines of the countryside and kept their canals level though it often meant choosing very roundabout routes.Later engineers, such as Thomas Telford, developed a new technique known as 'cut and fill' in which they fixed a level through very accurate surveying. This allowed them to fill in the hollows on a route with the exact amount of soil they took from the higher ground. By this method, very direct routes could be taken, which cut down the time of a journey very considerably. A good example of this type of canal is Telford's Liverpool and Birmingham Junction Canal, which he began in 1826 to provide a direct route from the Midlands to the River Mersey.It was seldom possible to build a completely level canal, of course, whichever method was used, and most canals were provided with locks in which barges were raised or lowered to new levels. If you look at the diagram on the right, you can see a barge being raised in a lock by means of water which was allowed into the lock basin, or pound, from the upper level of the canal. When a barge had to be lowered, water was allowed out of the pound into the lower level of the canal.60. Brindley's canals were less efficient, most likely because ________.A. he was not a good canal engineerB. the techniques and skills available at the time were uselessC. his canals were built to keep the water drains out6/ 12D. they had too many roundabout routes61. According to this passage, why was the 'cut and fill' technique designed?A. The outlines of the land could not be followed directly.B. It could make travelling distances shorter and save journey time.C. New surveying techniques had been invented successfully.D. The distance between the Midlands and River Mersey is great.62. Locks are needed in canals to ________________.A. help boats to travel in both directionsB. keep water levels changing all the timeC. allow large ships to travel in canalsD. transfer boats across differing water levels(C)In the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural belief and magic. That was until the Greeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today -- that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not super-natural, explanations.Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use their skills to heal and do no harm. One of Hippocrates' theories was of the 'four humours', a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body -- blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile (a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat).Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body's internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using carefully observation and logical thought.7/ 12Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal -- he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued experimentation are discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements -- fire, earth, water and air.Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body, were each in line with organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks' idea of four base elements ( water, fire, earth). Although discredited now, the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the century. They were:- Blood from the liver; associated with Spring; with courage and hope- Phlegm from brain and lungs; Winter; calm and unemotional- Yellow bile from gall bladder（胆囊）: Summer; anger and bad temper- Black bile from spleen（脾脏）: Autumn; with blue and dark mood63. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world.B. The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities.C. Hippocrates thought disease was caused by imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body.D. Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought.64. The practice of blood-letting was based on the belief that ________A. the blood was polluted by virusesB. the human body was not evenly balancedC. the patient was in a bad humourD. too much blood was bad for people65. How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water?A. He studied many books from a scientific point of view.8/ 12B. He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C. He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D. He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.66. Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modern medicine?A. He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world.B. He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moods.C. He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D. He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically ActiveNew WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk. ________67________ "Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls' participation9/ 12in physical activity," says study author Dr Regina Gut-hold, WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing.________68________.To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teems do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.________69________ Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active, involving education, urban planning, road safety and others. The highest levels of society, including national, city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents.________70________ Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Singapore's Information Technology StrategySingapore's information technology strategy rests on two major legs. The first leg is world-class basic facilities. Being a city-state, it is relatively easy to connect every home, office and hotel room. Our objective is to provide broad-band everywhere, either wired or wireless. We will make it a readily available utility like water, electricity, gas and telephone. We are well on our way there. We now require, by regulation, every new home to be equipped with broad-band in the same way as it is required to have water and electricity.The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT (information technology). Like reading, writing and arithmetic, computers are best learnt when we are young. Today's children10/ 12can click the mouse faster than we can blink. In many countries, children of middle-class families have no difficulty with this new technology. But, without special effort, there is a danger that children of poorer families will miss out on the opportunity to learn IT. Like the piano and violin, one can still learn the computer as an adult. But rarely does one acquire the same facility. The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background. The Education Ministry now has a multi-billion dollar programme to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore from first grade onwards. Every teacher will have a notebook.Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT, if not for themselves, at least for their children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households in Singapore now own PCs. Over one-third of households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we want is for every Singaporean to be computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank, factory or restaurant, just as one would expect an employee to be able to read, write and count. An employer in Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not now how to use a computer or the Internet.第II卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 如天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。
2021年上海市黄浦学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案
2021年上海市黄浦学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic symbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The stadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic medalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic symbol.C.The stadiums.D.The Olympic medals.2.What do you know from The first Olympic symbol?A.The first modern Olympics took place inGreece.B.There are six color1 s on the flag of every country.C.Australia used to be the largest continent on earth.D.The “Olympic Rings” flag was created in 1913.3.What can you do in the section of The stadiums?A.Admire the view ofLake Geneva.B.Meet some famous designers.C.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.D.Talk with guests of honour.BCoke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886, making it a rather true andtested favorite of generations of people in over 200 countries. This list should give you some ideas on how to get more from your coke than usual.. Coca Cola is an excellent rust buster (除锈剂). If you have a bunch of small rusty objects, put them in coke overnight and give them a goodscrubin the morning. Coke helps to break down the rust, making cleaning much easier. Be sure to throw out the used coke when you are done with it or you might be taking a trip to the doctor.. Like the previous item, the citric acid (柠檬酸) in coke makes for an excellent window cleaner. This is especially useful for car windows. Pour a can of coke over the window and rub the window, then wipe it off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter from the sugar in the drink. As coke is fullof sugar, you should clean the sticky matter off the window glasses, or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.. For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time to time, one can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down. If you have been sprayed, stand in the shower and cover yourself from head to toe with coke — wait for a few minutes, then wash yourself with a shower. Coke is an excellent hair treatment so you get two tips for the price of one with this item!. Pots can sometimes get black on the bottom. The black is almost impossible to remove; this is caused by over-cooking. To remove the black and renew your pot, pour in a can of coke (or as much as you need to cover the blackened area by an inch) and put it on the stove on a low heat. After an hour or so, wash the pot as normal.4. What does the underlined word “scrub”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Start.B. Cleaning.C. Shake.D. Example.5. What is important while using coke to clean car windows?A. Use a dry cloth.B. Rub the window lightly.C. Don’t pour too much coke.D. Clean the sugary matter thoroughly.6. For which purpose does coke have to be mixed with other material?A. To get rid of the black on the pot.B. To breakdown the rust,C. To remove smells.D. To clean windows.7. What type of writing is this text?A. An advertisement.B. A review.C. A news report.D. A practical guide.CAs an old saying inChinagoes, “The days of the Sanjiu periodare the coldest days.” “Sanjiu period” , which is in Minor Cold, refers to the third nine-day period (the l9th to the 27th day) after the day of the Winter Solstice(冬至). There are many different customs related to Minor Cold inChina.Eating hotpotDuringMinor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.Eating huangyacaiInTianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.Eating glutinous rice (糯米饭)According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved pork, sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice.Eating vegetable riceIn ancient times, people inNanjingtook Minor Cold quite seriously, but as time went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients (原料), aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausages and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.8. What do we know about Minor Cold?A. It refers to the Winter Solstice.B. The Sanjiu period is in this period.C. It lasts twenty-seven days.D. It marks the first day of winter.9. What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor Cold？A. Eating hotpot.B. Having vitamin A and B pills.C. Having huangyacai.D. Buying cabbage.10. How do the Cantonese eat glutinous rice?A. They fry and toast it.B. They eatit for dinner.C. They mix it with many other things.D. They steam it with soy sauce.11. This text may be taken from the ________ column (栏目) of a newspaper.A. travelB. cultureC. fashionD. scienceDA team of researchersfrom theUniversityofColorado Boulderhave created a revolutionary type of robotic muscles. They are strong and flexible at the same time, can feel the movements they perform and, whenever they suffer damage, they can self-heal. However, what is best about them is probably the fact that they are extremely cheap to manufacture.The robotic muscles have been called actuators, and have drawn inspiration from real-life muscles. By creating robots equipped with this kind of actuators, researchers would allowthem to perform movements just like human muscles.To make the robotic muscles work, they filled some flexible material with electrodes(电极)and with liquid and oil. Then, they applied some electricity, and the liquid and oil started moving around the electrodes and powered them. This way, the robotic muscles started contracting and relaxing just like real muscles, but a lot quicker.Researchers also took inspiration from the variety of human muscles, and created more types of actuators, each of them performing a different movement. They called these robotic muscles HASEL ( Hydraulically-Amplified Self-healing Electrostatic). However, they are superior to biological muscles as they are stronger, faster, and more flexible.Even the researchers were amazed they could develop such technology. Eric Acome, the author of one of the studies, explained what is unique about the robotic muscles.“The ability to create electrically powered soft actuators that lift a gallon of water at several times per second is something we haven't seen before.”These muscles are special because they are also self-healing. This property is given by the liquid placed inside of them, which also gives them a lot more advantages than those mechanisms (机械)using solids. In the end, the material which keeps the liquid, the oil and the electrodes is extremely cheap. It is a type of polymer (聚合物)similar to the one used for potato chips bags, and can be manufactures for only 10 cents.12. What can we learn about actuators?A. They can heal on their own.B. They are biological muscles.C. They can not move like human muscles.D. They are slower to react than real muscles.13. What do actuators use to directly power electrodes?A. Solids.B. Liquid and oil.C. A type of polymer.D. Potato chips bags.14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The origin of actuators.B. The opinions on actuators.C. The advantages of actuators.D. The significance of actuators.15. In which part of a newspaper will the textmost probably appear?A. Health.B. Culture.C. Education.D. Technology.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届上海市黄浦学校高三英语一模试卷及答案
2021届上海市黄浦学校高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMany workers have had no choice but to adapt to working from home in recent months since offices shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情). And the noisy situation and endless housework may result in a terrible emotion. A new option is waiting foryou. That is WFH: work from a hotel.Hotel FigueroA special program titled Work Perks aims to reposition some of 94-year-old Hotel Figuero’s 268 rooms as day-use offices.According to Managing Director Connie Wang, the set-up launched in June and is a great opportunity to get out of their houses with high-speed Wi-Fi, unlimited printing privileges and free parking. The 350-square-foot rooms sell for $ 129 per day, with an option to extend to an overnight stay for an additional $ 20.The WytheA boutique hotel in Brooklyn. The hotel recently announced a partnership with co-working office space company Industrious through which it is recycling 13 second-story guest rooms to serve as offices for up to four people.Each of the rooms has a small outdoor platform, and dogs are welcome. Pricing starts at $ 200 and goes up to $ 275, depending on how many people use the space.The SawyerThe Sawyer, in Sacramento, California, is offering pool cabanas (更衣室) for use as outdoor offices, complete with fast Wi-Fi, free parking and catered lunch for $ 150 per day.HotelsByDayYannis Moati founded HotelsByDay back in 2015. That company has grown to include more than 1,500 hotels, and has seen a significant increase in the number of inquiries for day-use bookings lately.Moati said the current situation will force hotels to upgrade themselves to stay alive, and he predicted that offering rooms for day-use only is one of the directions they will go.1.How much should one pay for a 24-hour stay in Hotel Figuero?A.$ 129.B.$ 149.C.$ 150.D.$ 200.2.Which hotel allows pets in?A.The Wythe.B.The Sawyer.C.HotelsByDay.D.Hotel Figuero.3.What do we know about Yannis Moati?A.He started a program titledWork Perks.B.He has upgraded at least 1,500 rooms.C.He usually predicts everything correctly.D.He is optimistic about the WFH trend.BBorn in 1954, Oprah Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show as the most influential woman in the world. It's no surprise that her recognition can bring overnight sales fortune that defeats most, if not all, marketing campaigns. The star features about 20 products each year on her "Favorite Things" show. There's even a term for it: the Oprah Effect.Her television career began unexpectedly. When she was 16 years old, she had the idea of being a journalist to tell other people's stories in a way that made a difference in their lives and the world. She was on television by the time she was 19 years old. And in 1986 she started her own television show with a continuous determination to succeed at first.TIME magazine wrote, "People would have doubted Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of big size. As interviewers go, she is no match for Phil Donahue. What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, rich humor and, above all understanding. Guests with sad stories to tell tend to bring out a tear in Oprah's eye. They, in turn, often find themselves exposing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TV audience.""I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. It doesn't matter how far you might rise. At some point you are likely to fall if you' re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you' re constantly pushing yourself higher, higher the law of averages, you will at some point fall. And when you do, I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction" as Oprah addressed graduates at Harvard on May 30.4. What does the Oprah Effect refer to in the first paragraph?A. the influence on talk show hostsB. the power of Oprah's opinions.C. the effect on a business.D. the audience of Oprah's talk show.5. What can be inferred about Oprah's television career?A. She must have been challenged a lotB. She gained fame as planned.C. It lives up to her parents' expectation.D. She once gave up on her choice.6. What message did Oprah give to Harvard graduates?A. Success comes after failure.B. Pushing physical limits makes no senseC. Aiming higher hurtsD. Failure is part of life.7. Which of the following best describes Oprah Winfrey?A. Friendly.B. HumorousC. Determined.D. PatientCEven as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains abit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people,” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters inMountain View,California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work,” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic — we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible — but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) is the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, includingDelphi, Mercedes-Benz,Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.8. According to Chris Urmson, __________.A. self-driving cars can give driving orders to humansB. self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderlyC. software and sensors are vital for self-driving carsD. ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars9. Paragraph 4 is meant to tell us that __________.A. many traffic accidents are caused by human errorB. some people can’t drive because of illness or ageC. Urmson has promised to create safer roads in the futureD. self-driving cars will probably help to make safer roads and decrease traffic jams10. The underlined word “issued” in the last paragraph can probably bereplaced by__________.A. givenB. claimedC. awardedD. prohibited11. What’s the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars?A. Objective.B. Indifferent.C. Subjective.D. Favorable.DAt Aizo Chuo Hospital in Japan, employees greet newcomers, guide patients to and from the surgery area, and print out maps of the hospital for confused visitors. They don’t take lunch breaks or even get paid. Why? They’re robots!Robots have long worked in factories, helping to build cars and electronic appliances. But today’s robots don’t just do the jobs of people－they actually look and act a lot like people.Kansei, arobot from Japan, has a plastic face covering 19 movable parts. The robot can make 36 facial expressions in response to different words. Kansei shakes in fear at the word “war” and smiles when it hears the word “dinner”.Researchers in Europe are going even further with iCub, a “baby” robot. They are teaching it to speak and hold conversations.The ability to interact is crucial for robots that will one day work closely with humans says robotics professorChrisAtkeson. “ This will require robots to understand what you say and how you are feeling and respond with appropriate emotions, ” he told WR News.Japanese scientist Minoru Asada agrees. He is building a robot called CB2 that acts like a real baby. “ Right now, it only goes, ̒Ah, ah. ̓But as we develop its learning function, it will start saying more complex sentences and moving on its own, ” Asada says. “ Next-generation robots need to be able to learn and develop by themselves.”Intelligent robot will become more important in the future, as populations age and the number of human workers declines in many countries. “ We’re going to have many more old people and not enough young people to care for them,” says robot researcher Matthew Mason. “ Technology can help the old people live at home longer, instead of going to nursing homes.”12. According to the passage, what jobs have robots already performed?A. Giving advice, answering customer questions and planning events.B. Producing factory goods, building cars and greeting customers.C. Greeting customers, producing factory goods and performing surgery.D. Building cars, driving passengers and providing directions.13. The second paragraph in this passage is mainly about?A. To explain how a robot works.B. To define what a robot is.C. To describe the functions of modern robots.D. To predict the future uses of robots.14. How does the Kansei robot react on the word “fire”?A. Use languages to warn nearby humans.B Back up its memory files.C. Activate an automatic fire alarm.D. Produce a worried look on his face.15. In Asada’s opinion, the next step for robots will be to develop_______.A. the ability to learn independentlyB. the ability to understand human commandsC. the capacity to interact with humansD. the willingness to work together第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年上海市黄浦学校高三英语第一次联考试题及答案
2020-2021学年上海市黄浦学校高三英语第一次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.Reading out loudIf your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.Playing board gamesMaybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!Having a dance partyConsidering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzlesFor most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?A. They both develop children's team spirit.B. They both improve children's listening ability.C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.D. They both focus on interaction between children.2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?A. Reading out loud.B. Playing board games.C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.D. Having a dance party.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To list four interesting children's parties.B. To recommend four children's favorite books.C. To introduce some activities for children inside.D. To show some funny things for children outside.BAs a 51-year-old first-aid responder since 1984, Jeffrey never knows what type of situation he might walk into, or who he'll meet along the wayTen years into the job, Jeffrey received a call that reported that a man in his early 30s had fallen down in the Mall of America. When Jeffrey and his partner arrived at the scene, they found the young male face down on the ground. He had gone unconscious, making weak attempts to breathe. His wife stood beside him holding their small son in horror. They quickly rushed to calm the man to keep him under control and offer necessary first aid. After Jeffrey dropped the patient off at the neighboring hospital, he thought about the man and his family for a long time.Jeffrey thought he had experienced everything under the sun until one random visit to Office Max three years ago, where he met a man repeatedly walking back and forth while staring at him. As it turned out, the man was the patient he had saved 20 years earlier."You gave me 20 years more than I ever thought I'd have," the man said. He thanked Jeffrey repeatedly and told him he had someone he wanted him to meet. He stepped around the corner and reappeared with a 20-something-year-old man. Jeffrey instantly knew that it was the son he had seen standing by his mother all those years ago"That day changed my life," Jeffrey said. "Before that, everything was about work…When I talk to my beginner-training class, I tell them you never know the effect you can have on someone's life."4. What did Jeffrey do with the young man?A. He cured the man at the scene.B. He took care of the man's wife and son.C. He only sent the man to hospital.D. He did what was needed5. What did Jeffrey think of the encounter with the man at Office Max?A. It was a common routine.B. It was troublesomeC. It was unbelievableD. It was a dangerous situation.6. Why was the man thankful to Jeffrey?A. Jeffrey helped bring up his little sonB. Jeffrey donated to support his family.C. Jeffrey's help gave him the present happy life.D. Jeffrey's kindness taught his son to be a new doctor.7. How did the meeting change Jeffrey's life?A. He was rewarded with much moneyB. He changed his attitude to his job.C. He got a promotion to be a team leader.D. He took up teaching work to train newcomers.CPlanned missions to the moon need to hurry up to avoid hitting one of the busiest periods for extreme space weather, according to scientists conducting the most in-depth ever research on solar storm timing.Scientists at theUniversityofReadingstudied 150 years of space weather data to look into patterns in the timing of the most extreme events,which can be extremely dangerous to astronauts and satellites. This new research on space weather timing allows predictions to be made for extreme space weather. Therefore, it could be used to plan the timing of activities, which could be affected by extreme space weather, for example, major space missions.The researchers found for the first time that extreme space weather events are more likely to occur early in or late solar cycles-such as the one just starting. The findings may have influences on the NASA-led Artemis mission. It plans to make humans return to the moon in 2024, but can be put off to the late 2020s.Professor Mathew Owens, a space physicist at theUniversityofReading, said, “Until now, the most extreme space weather events were thought to berandomin their timing. Though there is no set pattern of the events, this research suggests they are more predictable.”In the new study, the scientists used a new method applying statistical modelling to storm timing for the first time. Previous research generally focused on how big extreme space weather events can be, based on observations of previous events. Predicting their timing is far more difficult because extreme events are rare, so there is ly little historic data to identify patterns. The findings suggest that any major planned space missions , which is beyond the next five years, will have to consider the higher probability of extreme space weather late inthe present solar cycle between 2026 and 2030.8. What can we learn about the study from the first two paragraphs?A. It has lasted just 150 years.B. It doesn't refer to space weather data.C. It shows space weather has no effect on astronauts.D. It makes it possible to predict extreme space weather.9. Why might the NASA-led Artemis mission be put off?A. To research solar cycles.B. To avoid effects of space weather.C. To meet the needs of the astronauts.D. To make humans return to Earth in 2024.10. What does the underlined word “random“ in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Irregular.B. Easy.C. Limited.D. Changeless.11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The study is useful for future space missions.B. The planned space missions should be put off.C. Extreme space weather will happen before 2026.D. Previous observations make no difference to the study.DLife in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That’s what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published.According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for real-life relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Web’s influence on daily activities. 36％of those people are online for more than five hours a week.” As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating (孤立的) effect on society,” says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the “isolating” point. While 13％of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones, 60％reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that E-mail is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads (网虫)spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via E-mails, “that’s a move toward greater connectedness,” says Paul Resnick, a professor at the University of Michigan.Thisisn’t the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh-areafamilies’ Net use for a year. People who used the Internet more “talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed.” says Robert Kraut.“It’s true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented,” says Thomas Putnam.As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social life—not better or worse than before, but just different.12. Who claimed that the Web had negative influence?A. Paul Resnick.B. Robert Kraut.C. Thomas Putnam.D. Amitay Etzioni.13. The underlined word “This” in Para.4 refers to .A. the opinion expressed in Bowling AloneB. the survey made by the University of MichiganC. the conclusion in a report written in 1998D. the study conducted by Stanford University14. From the passage we learn that .A. watching TV used to take time away from staying onlineB. the Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effectC. 36％ofweb users spend more than five hours a week onlineD. the Web has the same influence as telephones and televisions15. The passage mainly discusses .A. how we can make a better use of the InternetB. how declines in social connectedness appearC. whether the Internet causes an isolating effectD. what a different life the Internet brings to us第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。