文化差异英语论文
As we know, the culture in China differ from other western countries, such as the life-style, the way of thinking, education .In this term, our group watched a BBC documentary named “Are Our Kids Tough Enough-Chinese Education” which illustrated 5Chinese teachers are invited to teach 50 grape 9 British students in Chinese teaching methods in the class of Intercultural Communication. So our group analyze the documentary with the knowledge we have learned in class.
Compared with the individualism in western countries, China attach more importance on the collectivism and the students in China are accustomed to study and live together. On the first day, the British students feel strange that they are required to wear Chinese-style tracksuits and do morning exercise together. All of these are meant to train the students’ collective sense in an Chinese teacher’s eyes, but British students think these would lose their own style. What’s more, the students in China should stay in school from 7 a.m. to 7p.m., much longer than the school time in British. So the British students feel tired and dislike the Chinese education.
Being influenced by the high-context model, Chinese students are more implicit and well-behaved than British students. In Chinese classes, teachers are authority and discipline is the most important. Teachers
agree that the students without discipline can’t learned well. However, being more active and naughty in class, the British students consider that only listening to teachers and taking notes are bored. They prefer to a free class and no discipline at all. Unlike the Chinese students feel ashamed and embarrassed after being punished by teachers, they are proud of that because they show their difference to other students.。
文化差异的议论文英文作文
文化差异的议论文英文作文英文：Culture is an integral part of our lives, and it playsa significant role in shaping our thoughts, beliefs, and values. However, cultural differences can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. As someone who has livedin both Western and Eastern cultures, I have experienced firsthand the challenges of navigating cultural differences.One of the most significant differences between Western and Eastern cultures is the concept of individualism versus collectivism. In Western cultures, individualism is highly valued, and people are encouraged to be independent and assertive. In contrast, Eastern cultures emphasize collectivism, and people are expected to prioritize the needs of the group over their individual desires.This cultural difference can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. For example, when I first moved to theUnited States, I was surprised by how direct and assertive people were. In my home country, it is considered impolite to be too direct or confrontational. However, in the United States, being assertive is seen as a positive trait. It took me some time to adjust to this cultural difference and learn how to communicate effectively in a Western context.Another cultural difference that can cause misunderstandings is the concept of time. In Western cultures, punctuality is highly valued, and people are expected to arrive on time for appointments and meetings. In contrast, in many Eastern cultures, being a few minutes late is not considered a big deal.For example, when I was working on a project with colleagues from different countries, I found that some of my Eastern colleagues were always late for meetings. This caused frustration among my Western colleagues, who felt that their time was not being respected. However, I understood that in some Eastern cultures, being a few minutes late is not considered a big deal, and it is not meant as a sign of disrespect.In conclusion, cultural differences can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. However, by understanding and respecting these differences, we can learn to communicate effectively and work together towards common goals.中文：文化是我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它在塑造我们的思想、信念和价值观方面发挥着重要作用。
英语论文中西方传统节日文化的差异
Culture Differences of Chinese and Western TraditionalFestivalAbstractTraditional festivals are the historical products of a nation’s development. Whether in China which has a long history of more than five thousand years or in the newborn America, the origination of traditional festivals in the two countries is similar. Most traditional festivals originated from people’s expectation for harvest in the agricultural production, the worship towards the gods and the nature, sacrifices to the historical characters and etc. After the long-term evolution, traditional festivals have become an indispensable part of the national culture. Through traditional festivals, the distinct cultural characteristics of a people and the national spirits can be observed. Since the ancient time, China has been a large agricultural country, the small-scale economic mode known as “The men plough and the women weave” initiated the agricultural civilization of Chinese characteristics. Chinese traditional festivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural civilization and greatly influenced by Confucianism. To some extent, Chinese traditional festivals have relieved from the primitive taboos and tended to be happy festivals which reflect the concept of harmony and integration in Confucianism. In America, religion plays a very important role in people’s life. With various branches, the religious system of America is quite complicated, among which Christianity is of the greatest importance. Some American traditional festivals are the direct products of Christianity and most festivals haveevolved into the religious festivals later. This paper is designed to discuss the differences in customs, origins and other aspects of traditional festivals with the similar cultural connotation, then analyze the reasons lying behind the differences and finally reflect the cultural differences of the two nations. The paper also analyzes the mutual fusion in tradtional holidays between China and the west.Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and American culture; cultural differences; causes; mutual fusion.中西方传统节日文化的差异摘要传统节日是一个民族发展的历史产物。
中美家庭观念的文化差异比较 英文论文
On the Cultural Differences in the Family Concepts between Chinaand AmericaⅠ.The Root Causes of Sino-US Cultural DifferencesII. The Definition of Family between Chinese and American2.1 The Definition of Family in China2.2 The Definition of Family in America2.3 The Contrast resultⅢ. The Comparison of Family Concept between China and America3.1 The Comparison of Family System3.1.1 The Comparison of Family Size3.1.2 The Comparison of the Relationship of Family Member3.1.3 The Comparison of Family Function3.2 The Comparison of Children’s Education3.2.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Children’s Education3.2.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Children’s Education3.3 The Comparison of Old Folks' Support3.3.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Old Folks' Support3.3.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Old Folks' SupportⅣ. ConclusionOn the Cultural Differences in the Family Concepts between China and AmericaThis is China, an ancient nation with 5000 years of history, glorious past and advanced civilization. That is the United States, a young, multi-culture country which soon became the leader of the world. Compared with these two countries, there are many different aspects between them. Language is the first distinction, along with different skin color, hair color, and facial features. According to the bible, God creates the world, and he has wills for every creature below him. Humans are too far away from him to clearly see his will. But history and tradition of a society can tell what God’s wills are. From the past it tells that human gather around to form society. In a society, humans experience different version of God’s wills, and then write downGod’s wills as history. Without a society, human cannot move on; human cannot protect each other; human can not survive. Family is one of the fundamental elements that ma ke up a society, and without individuals, there’s no such thing called home. So here’s the answer, besides the biological differences between the Asians and Westerner, what makes Chinese and American culture unique and stand out are their own tradition, history, and family.Ⅰ.The Root Causes of Sino-US Cultural DifferencesIn general, the cultural difference is at first comes from to the natural world understanding difference, the physical geography condition has decided the various national various areas culture development initial direction. Three plateau sea's relatively unenlightened region characteristic, caused ancient times the Chinese culture basically to isolate at the same time with outside, but this has also provided the advantageous condition for the agricultural civilization's growth, and has formed take this as the foundation and the small peasant economy as the characteristic economic form. At the same time, the river continental environment and creates the self-sufficient natural economy causes the Chinese to approve that sentiment of the natural, fetters firmly the people on the land, but the agricultural society's stability, family member relatives and friends' long-term living together, who will enable the Chinese to be reluctant to part ways since old times looks heavily, this let the Chinese nation display happily to the thought emotion one unhappy many, with unhappy different, happy static is unhappy moves happily, steady is unhappy changes happily. But the Western culture's running water source is the ancient Greece culture, the ancient Greece civilization originates in Mediterranean Sea, its locates the marine environment has raised the Western nationality primitive risk flare national disposition. In their opinion, humanity's strength and the sea compare appear are very tiny and are frail, but the humanity depended upon bravely, resolute, the great struggle spirit which own had to conquer the sea, therefore humanity's breadth of spirit was greater than the sea, all these also molded the Western nationality to open, the brave disposition. Therefore, looked from the entire ancient times society and the cultural phenomenon that the Western is take individual as a beginning, develops outward, unceasingly self-pursue, self-development, simultaneously also self-innovation. But because China the enclosed type, satisfies-like the agricultural society, displays intensely to local thinking of fondly, to peaceful life yearning.II. The Definition of Family between Chinese and American2.1 The Definition of Family in ChinaIn China, The family not only means the opposite sex and the people to breed the community which the children compose, but also means the collection blood relationship inherits, the marital union, the production operation, the finance expends, the social enlightenment etiquette control and so on many functions are even a body's social smallest unit. Generally, the family member lives together, carries on the production and the expense together, moreover unifies according to the blood relationship, which is also called the human society the biological reproduction unit.The family is forms economical division of taking men and women's labor as the foundation. Outside including in the higher paraffin in the geographical groups, between the same-type geographical groups, take avoids the marriage and the close relative marriage as the principle, and maintains the close neighbor is relating, is one kind of institution social unit. Therefore, it is humanity's unique universal unit. Chinese's attachment to family, blood relationship, dear ones ethics, in brain ingrained, parents, children throughout whole family. Even if gets married and begins a career, in addition supposes the gateway, still shared everything with the parents, the support parents, attends on one's parents, regards as itself should the completely responsibility.Home is like a tree; Home is like a machine, it is made up of many different parts. In this machine, every part is as important as others. That is home, that is family. You can leave your home, you can hate your home, you can curse your home, but you can never forget about your home. Someday, you will think about your home when you feel lonely. In China, people tend to view home as their heart of love, home is the soul of a family.2.2 The Definition of Family in AmericaFamily, defined by the United States Bureau of the Census, is a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Accordingly, unmarried people (either heterosexual or homosexual) living together and foster families are excluded and this is disagreeable to many. In fact, in many cases, the definition of a family is more flexible. For example, courts have ruled that the definition of a family may include two adult partners whose interdependent relationship is long-term and characterized by an emotional and financial commitment, rather than view family members as partners exclusively related by blood, marriage, or adoption.In American people’s opinion, families are to provide love, w armth, and support to every member of it. The ideal of the family is group cooperation to help achieve the fulfillment of each individual member, and shared affection to renew each member’s emotional strength. In contrast to that of many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as s group, either socially or economically, nor to bring honor to the family name. A family is considered a very important institution where the fundamental values and traditions of certain social group is taught and passed down from generation to generation.2.3 The Contrast resultAccording to an international survey, Asian children tend to live longer with their parents and contribute income to the household than the Am erican’s. Because of the unique tradition, Chinese children are more dependent on their family. The definition of home to them is a place once they will stay and depend on it for the rest of their life. In China, home is home. Once it becomes their home, no matter how busy they are, they will always come back and visit their home. American children are not like the Chinese. In westerner’s mind, home is just a place they used to grow up with, and they do not wish to always stay at their home. So as they grew older, they will leave their home, and find some other places to start their own “love net.”Chinese tend to contribute more incomes to its family than Americans. Because in China, family still plays a strong role, the family’s income depends on the pare nts when the children are still young, and the income will depends on the children when they grew up and their parents will retire. The unique Chinese tradition indicate when girls are married, they will live with their husbands’ family and contribute inco me to them. That’s why for almost five thousand years, the conception of boys are always more important than girls. Many families desire to have boys rather than girls. There’s an old saying, “a married daughter is like some spilled water, can never come back.” That’s why now in China, there are more boys and girls and a lot of boys with poor condition cannot marry a girl to have a family. Once the girl is married, she can sometimes visit her parents home, but most of the time, she will live with her husband, and her husband’s parents.Ⅲ. The Comparison of Family Concept between China and America3.1 The Comparison of Family System3.1.1 The Comparison of Family SizeIn China, because of the overpopulation during the mid-20th century, the government has to introduce and apply the “One Child Policy” to each new married couple beginning in 1979. Since the policy is introduced, each married couple can only have one child unless the child has disability or is deceased, then, the couple can have a second child. This policy is somewhat violate the human rights but after the implement of this policy, the population of China is under control. Anyway, because of the One Child Policy, each family can only have one kid. However, this doesn’t mean the size of a family in China is smaller than the U.S. When most of the couple got married, they will live with their parents and contribute income to the household. So generally, the family size in China is about 5, includes father, mother, one child, grand parents from father’s side. The family size will m ostly remain 5 unless the grandparents are deceased or if the grandchild gets married.There is not such policy in the U.S. to restrict how many kids each couple can have. Therefore the size of family in the U.S. can be varied by the couple’s own will. Generally, each couple will have 2 or more children. However, also because the U.S. is a multi-culture society, there are many different immigrants migrate to this nation, and they also brought many different traditions to this country. According to a national survey, non-Latino whites (also called the Anglo-Saxon core) tend to have fewer descendants for each family, and most of the children are better educated. However, Mexican-Americans, African Americans and Russian-Americans will have more children in each household compare to the whites and Asian Americans. Compare to the one-child-per-family in China, the family size in the U.S. is a lot different than China’s. Generally, non-Latino whites, Arab Americans and Asian Americans’ family size in the United Sta tes are about 5, including father, mother and 2 or 3 children. However, Mexican Americans, Russian Americans, Puerto Rican Americans, and African Americans can have a family size of up to 10. Interestingly, the family income of each subpopulation is inversely proportional to their family size.In the United States, non-Latino whites, Arab Americans and Asian Americans totally have a higher income than Mexican Americans and Russian Americans.In America, it is a lot different. A woman can marry a man and can still live with her parents. However, this situation is also not common seen because most of the married couple will move out and have their own places. They will start their own family. In America, the parents are responsible for their own wellness when they are old. It is not their children’s responsibility to take care of them. Therefore the family income of a house depends on the parents, even when the children grew up and have the ability to make money. If the parents are poor, the children will be poor when they still depend on their parents; if the children are rich, the parents can still be poor if the children are not kind to their parents. There’s no such tradition that grown-ups have to take care of their parents, and contribute income to them. Nevertheless, there law restrictions state that when children are still young, their parents have to take full responsibility for them until they turn eighteen.Though stereotypically man is considered head of a family, one has to remind oneself that the patterns of American families have now dramatically changed. Actually, now three out of every ten American households are headed by a woman. Now more American women are working outside the home. And house chores are shared between man and woman under the same roof. In general, women have the same educational and woman under the same roof. In general, women have the same educational and employment opportunities as men. They hold important positions in companies and other institutions. However, American women still strive to protect their rights and to achieve equal representation of men and women in high-level positions.3.1.2 The Comparison of the Relationship of Family MemberIn China, the family relationship is somewhat complicated than in U.S. Because when the girls get married, they will move to their husbands’ house, and because their husbands are living with their parents, therefore the girls also need to live with them. Once the girls gave birth, the family size will mostly remain 5—two grandparents, parents, and one child. In China, there are always conflicts between the girl and her mother-in-law. When the girl gets married, she moves out and lives with her parents-in-law. Before she got married, she doesn’t even know her mother-in-law, and her mother-in-law also doesn’t know her. When two stranger live together, conflicts arose. There are many movies and TV shows that describe the relationship between the mother and the daughter-in-law.In contrast to China, the family relationship in the U.S. is a lot simpler. Because the married couple doesn’t have to live with their parents, the conflicts between daughter and mother-in-law are very slight. In the U.S., when the son gets married, he will move out from his parents’ house and live with his wife in anothe r place. In generally, they will visit their own parents once in a while and many during big event such as Christmas and Thanksgiving, they will gather together to have a dinner. That’s the American style. Because the daughter and mother-in-law can barely see each other during the year, when they gather around, they tend to be nice to each other and try not to increase the conflicts. The system of family in the United States is notas complicated as the system of family in China. If we have to specify the conflicts of family in the U.S., it would be between husband and wife or parents and children.3.1.3 The Comparison of Family FunctionIn China, there are 5 family functions: economical, generational, educational, bring-up and support’s function. The moder n society tertiary industry's development and the socialization of production degree's enhancement, the family partial functions has the offset, like in the economical function's production function, the education function, supported the function already partially to shift the society, by society's special organization like Production organization, school and old folks home undertook, but the family sentiment careless could and so on actually day by day strengthen.In American, The family function of the household mainly seeks each kind of entertainment in the cultural life, but is not a religion and the educational institution. More importantly, although it is still a Dwelling unit, but no longer is entire family revolves the family type which together the father transfers. The construction family's foundation is the unity and family member's common interest, but non-individual wish and community responsibility. The American family member's primary obligation is not urges the family to become a society or the Economic organization, is also not brings the glory to the family.3.2 The Comparison of Children’s Education3.2.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Children’s EducationIn China, because of the ancient tradition, there’s an old saying about how children should treat their parents. It says, “Among all the good deeds, filial piety comes first.” It means, whatever the kids do, they have to be nice and respect to their own parents. However in the U.S., there’s not such tradition. Sometimes conflicts arose be tween teenager and their parents. The children don’t respect their parents when they were young. There are always problems about teenagers in the society of U.S.In China, because of the 5000 years of history and tradition, Chinese parents tend to teach their kids about social education and hence ignore the childhood education. The parents teach their kids how to respect the elderly, how to care the weak and the young, how to listen to the teachers, how to obey laws and orders from other people. Therefore, most of the parents demand unquestioning obedience from their kids. In a family, most of the fathers play the role of commander, and mother always play the role of counselor.In the United States, the family treats their children differently than the Chinese parents. They are more emphasizing on individuality than social education. If families are to work with schools as partners in the education of their children, schools must provide them with the opportunities and support they need to become involved. Too often schools expect families to do it all alone. Developing effective partnerships with families requires that all school staff (administrators, teachers, and support staff) create a school environment that welcomes parents and encourages them to raise questions and voice their concerns as well as to participate appropriately in decision making. Developing partnerships also requires that school staff provide parents withthe information and training they need to become involved and that they reach out to parents with invitations to participate in their children's learning.Schools are most successful in engaging parents and other family members in support of their children's learning look beyond traditional definitions of parent involvement--participating in a parent teacher organization or signing quarterly report cards--to a broader conception of parents as full partners in the education of their children. Rather than striving only to increase parent participation in school-based activities, successful schools seek to support families in their activities outside of school that can encourage their children's learning. Schools that have developed successful partnerships with parents view student achievement as a shared responsibility, and all stakeholders--including parents, administrators, teachers, and community leaders--play important roles in supporting children's learning. Successful school-family partnerships require the sustained mutual collaboration, support, and participation of school staffs and families at home and at school in activities that can directly affect the success of children's learning. If families are to work with schools as full partners in the education of their children, schools must provide them with the opportunities and support they need for success.3.2.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Children’s EducationThe Chinese aspect manifests approximately in the following several points: First, the Chinese guardians undertake to do somebody else's job in the life to child's basic necessities of life, does not let the child do the housework. This kind takes care of everything crosswise involves child's aspects, longitudinal extends to the child grows up. Therefore presented the elementary student also to want the guardian to send and pick up, the middle-school student also wanted the guardian to do laundry, the university newborn matriculation also wanted the guardian to escort. Second, many guardians feared that the child suffers a loss or fails to study, therefore limits the child and the outside contact, once between the child and the child either schoolmate have the dispute or not the happy matter, the most guardians adopt shield oneself child to accuse other child's means. Third, many guardians are obedient to child's request, grant every request, including the economical family in straitened circumstances, the guardian must tighten the belt to save the money to meet child's need, this has encouraged the custom which imperceptibly they waste luxuriously. Forth, the guardian is very high to child's study request, even achieves one kind of harsh degree. Through the ages, has the shopping online deep shackles China guardians' thought that whether been causing the guardians with to be admitted to a school child's academic record the institute of higher education has regarded as the only standard which the child becomes a useful adult.But the American guardians from exercise the child independent viability angle embarking, adopts to child's education drops, but the laissez faire method does not carry on. So-called drops, is lives down from the child, the parents try to give them the self-exercise the opportunity and the condition, lets them obtain the full exercise in each kind of environment. The parents except look after child's safety, in other life's matter, like plays, the study to let the child choose independently. If let them have since childhood deposits individual clothes, the toy and the study materials place,oneself tidy up reorganizes the room, the arrangement belongs to their little world, the parents takes care of everything in no way for the child, reminds the advice at most in the one side. So-called not laissez faire, generally reflection in three aspects: First, rather painstakingly and is not tender. The guardian pays great attention to train the child specially to endure hardship the spirit. Second, the family is rich, but is not extravagant. Many American family, have the strict request and the stipulation to child's spending money. The basic principle is: Issues regularly, amount how many decides according to child's age and household income's actual situation. Third, The westerner does not let matters drift to child's shortcoming mistake, does not shield, but tries to teach the child the knowledge wrong to change wrong. In addition, the American guardians do not bring too many pressures mostly to child's study. Their viewpoint is: The child to will be interested the knowledge to go to study diligently naturally, why can force the matter which they will do originally are not willing to do? Strong is stubborn is doing, instead will injure the child the sentiment and the individuality. Human's interest, the hobby and can originally various, the child suitable to make anything to make anything, the life path must let child go. The success home education, should be the guardian puts out the time to carry on the communication, the exchange with the child by the equal manner, gives the full affirmation to the child correct idea and the behavior, lets the child respect and encourage to hit grows.3.3 The Comparison of Old Folks' Support3.3.1 The Comparison of the Concept of Old Folks' SupportIt used to look to the elderly as really wise people who knew so much about the world. They were the ones who could be relied upon to provide a history lesson of what life used to be like in "their day". But things have changed so much in just a very short space of time. We are now more likely to hear of elder abuse within the family, residential home or a mugging that took place, involving an elderly victim. It is sad to see the elderly being abused and disregarded so much in a society that they once contributed so much to. This article will offer some suggestions on ways in which you should treat the elderly.The population of the elderly (60 or older) in China is about 128 million or one in every ten people, the largest in the world. It is estimated that China could have some 400 million people over 60 years of age by 2050. Nowadays a lot of people are more aware of the nations’ old and people pay greater respect and more attention to them than before. But experts on age point out that the elderly would enjoy greater happiness in old age if everyone was more concerned about them.China has just completed an investigation on the status of its elderly population. Investigating 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the research has showed that the culture and material lives of the elderly, all over China, have greatly improved. Taking a look at their material lives, the average income of the elderly in the cities in 2000 was four times higher than the average income in 1992. In rural areas, the average income in 2000 had increased by 170 percent compared with 1992. Their living facilities included tap water, TV, fans and washing machines. However, gas supply, telephones, fridges and toilets in the house were only added in 2000. Thecultural quality of the elderly has also improved. Illiteracy has decreased by 20 percent and various recreational and sporting activities promoted by the government and non-governmental organizations have improved the quality of their lives. More and more of the elderly come to the recreation rooms for retired cadres in their local community now. Some have even been known to learn how to use a computer. According to the investigation, most of the senior citizens say that they are satisfied with their lives.Different from China’s tradition, the United States have another view for the elderly. The western culture tends to view the elderly as a burden and an inconvenience! The family unit in general is not as solid as Chinese culture. The strong streak of independence that runs through their thinking is definitely an influencing factor. They tend to encourage the break up of the family as part of the natural course of life, whereas the Chinese will tend to work to keep it together as long as possible. Where they will be more likely to bundle their elderly off to rest homes and retirement villages, we the Chinese would live with our elderly under the same roof, so metimes three or even four generations live together. In the Westerner’s mind, they think it's better to send off the elderly to retirement homes than to leave them at home all by themselves. In the retirement homes they remain healthier, happier and they live longer. At the touch of a buzzer, medical help is there in one minute. In the morning they have a bath, breakfast, their therapist is there to see them, later they congregate to look at TV with friends. Later on is lunch, perhaps a trip to the cinema and it goes on and on. They don’t think that a single person can provide all that professional care to their own parents, much less the elderly. In order to live a successful life in the American, People have to work.3.3.2 The Comparison of the Methods of Old Folks' SupportChinese's present retirement way mainly has: Raise children to provide against old age, occupation retirement, government relief, insurance retirement, invest retirement. The raise children to provide against old age, already becomes in the birth control time more and more not realistic. However, can train the riches and honor children, also is too not bitter as for the old age, certainly the premise is the children must be filial. The occupation retirement, is the ideal retirement way which since the ancient times the common people most yearned for. It is only suitable for the human who having the government food, since is very unfortunate, catches up with the State-owned business bankruptcy to come off sentry duty, can also attain the government relief fund. The insurance retirement, divides into two kinds, one kind is individual, the enterprise, the national fellowship society old-age insurance. Another kind is the commercial life insurance, is similar in the investment retirement, because it is one kind of financial managing finances product. The investment retirement, is a broad concept, its core is uses the existing fund to carry on the investment, gains the long-term stable income, the main investment tool has the financial product (for example stock, fund, bond, commercial life insurance), the real estate, business and so on.American's present retirement way mainly has 3 ways. First, is refers to the government to conduct “the society old-age insurance”, is also called the first pr op, it。
文化差异英语作文
文化差异英语作文英文回答：Culture differences are something that I have encountered many times in my life. One of the most memorable experiences I had was when I traveled to Japan. I was not familiar with the customs and traditions of the Japanese people, and I found myself in some awkward situations.For example, when I went to a traditional Japanese restaurant, I didn't know that it was customary to bow to the chef before eating. I just sat down and started eating, and I could tell that the chef was a bit offended by my behavior. I later learned that in Japanese culture, showing respect to the chef is very important, and I should have followed the custom.Another example is when I visited a Japanese friend's house. I didn't know that it is polite to take off my shoesbefore entering someone's home in Japan. I walked right in with my shoes on, and my friend's parents were quite surprised. They didn't say anything, but I could tell that I had made a mistake.These experiences made me realize the importance of understanding and respecting different cultures. It's not just about knowing the customs and traditions, but also about showing respect to the people of that culture. I have since learned to be more mindful of cultural differences and to always do my research before visiting a new place.中文回答：文化差异是我生活中遇到过的事情。
Culture_Differences_and_Translation文化差异与翻译英语毕业论文
Culture Differences and TranslationAbstractInterlingual communication is actually intercultural communication, Language is part of the culture of a people and the chief way by which the members of a society communicate。
Basing on these points, this article gives examples to show the facts that there exists in translation semantic correspondence and semantic zero between different languages and different cultures. When we do translating we should try to make up semantic zero caused by the culture. 1. What is A Good TranslationTranslation is, in fact, a converting process. Theoretically, a good translation should give its reader the same conception as what a native reader gets from the original.Nida[1] remarked that how to determine a good translation is the response of the receptor to the translated message, and this message must then be compared with the way in which the original receptors presumably reacted to the message when it was given in its original setting.Jakobson[2]held the view that translation does not just mean the change of symbols into another language, but it is a process of information substitution. The task of a translator is to translate the information he receives into symbols which he will send out.Catford[3] explained that in translation there is no meaning equivalence, but just the signifier equivalence. Because of the differences between the original language and the target language, there exists the translation equivalence[4]limitedness. This limitedness is not only manifested in the meaning of words, grammatical features, but also manifested in cultural differences more seriously.2. Culture and LanguagePerhaps culture is one of the most difficult terms to define. Different people in accordance with their different specialt ies have given different definitions. Eshleman says “The term …culture‟ means different things to different people.” In the minds of many people, it is associated with such activities as attending the opera, listening to classical music and going to art museums. As used by sociologists and cultural anthropologists, however culture has a different meaning. To sociologists, a culture is a system of ideas, values, beliefs, knowledge, norms, customs and technology shared by almost everyone in a particular society. A culture is a societies system of common heritage and each of us has culture. We express our culture continuously in our dress, food, work, language and other activities. What Eshleman says gives a definition of culture. To put it simply, culture means the total way of life of a people.Language does not develop in empty space[1]. Language is a part of culture, perhaps best defined as “the totality of beliefs and practices of a society”. These beliefs may be further described as consisting of knowledge, patterns of reasoning, and sets of values. A language, therefore, is both a part of culture and a medium through which the other parts of culture are expressed[5]. This makes language the distinctive feature of human society, something in which immigration officials put more trust than in documentation. Papers can be readily falsified, but not accents. But language is also indispensable for the functioning of a culture and for transmitting it to succeeding generations. That is to say, language plays a very important role in culture. Without language, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture. Language can not exist without culture. Therefore, language and culture are inseparable.3. Culture and TranslationTranslation means intercultural communication by means of which one culture can be transmitted into another, so the cultural special characteristics unavoidably influence translation. The equivalence limitedness of the translation between the original language and the target language is almost caused by the differences between the two cultures and how to convey the cultural meaning is often the difficulty of a translation.Different languages are bound to adopt different meaningful devices to show their cultures in order to reflect their national consciousness and cultural tradition. The research of the cultural features embodies rich contents. According to the research of some scholars, the cultural features of language include:a. ecology,b. material culture,c. social culture,d. religious culture,e. linguistic culture. [6]Take English and Chinese for example: in Britain, the weather changes a lot, and so people have a special feeling for weather. “Lovely day, isn‟t it ?” becomes the most conven ient and safe greeting. In china, the problem of daily bread has been the subject people have been concerned with. In Western culture, there are many Gods, such as Jesus, Apollo, Jupiter, while in China, we have “盘古”, “嫦娥”, “牛郎”, etc. English people would say “as poor as a church mouse” , but in Chinese we have “穷的像叫化子”。
文化差异对英语教学影响论文
浅谈文化差异对英语教学的影响摘要：英国语言学家madinowsky指出：“对任何一种生活条件与我们完全不同的并拥有不同文化民族所操作的语言的研究必须通过它的文化和环境进行。
”不了解该民族的文化习俗，就无法正确理解该民族的语言，要想真正掌握英语这门外语，就必须对中西方国家的文化差异有所了解。
关键词：语言与文化文化差异英语教学一、语言学习与文化的关系。
随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入，西方社会的人和事物越来越多地走进了我们的视野，在这种情况下，跨国域、跨民族、跨文化的经济和社会交往将会与日俱增，语言是人们沟通的桥梁，但不同的民族、不同的文化之间也存在着差异，尤其是在交际文化方面，东西方之间存在着较大的差异，这给我们学习与正确使用英语带来一定的困难。
这就要求我们在英语教学中要注重跨文化的教育，在英语教学中要努力提高学生的文化敏感性，消除文化差异给英语学习带来的消极影响，在提高文化领悟能力的同时提高语言能力。
？？二、中、英文化差异。
中、西文化的差异对英语教学的影响主要体现在以下几方面：1.不同的招呼方式。
在中国，人们见面打招呼时往往会说：“你吃饭了吗？”（“have you eaten your meal？”）.但如果这样和英，美人打招呼，他们会以为你要邀请他们去吃饭。
再如，中国人常说“你去哪儿？”（“where are you going？”）和“到哪儿去了？”（“where have you been？”），这也只是一种打招呼的形式而已，但大部分讲英语的人听了可能会不高兴，因为他们以为你要了解、介入他们的生活。
英美人的问候一般用“goodmorning/afternoon/evening”（“早上好、下午好、晚上好”），“how do you do？”（“您好！”），“nice to meet you. ”（“见到你很高兴”），“how are you doing？（“你最近好吗？”）2、不同的禁忌。
中西方文化差异英语论文
The difference between Chinese culture and westerncultureA Comparative study on school educationAs we all know, there are lots of differences in school education between China and America. Now I want to talk about the differences from primary education to higher education.The reasons why I want to compare these two kinds of education style are very simple. Firstly, if we want to learn about a country, we should learn its educational style to so that we can learn how they cultivate the next generation. Secondly, we can study others’advantages and improve ours’, especially for we developing countries. Third, development of society always relies on science, and science come from education, if we want to be strong, education is the very key.You may ask why the differences exist, yeah, why? In my opinion, differences come so obviously because we have quite different thinking methods, we Chinese prefer to summarize experience after every practice, and we are good at applying our summary into practice. While Americans are used to doing some practice first, they can achieve a lot in these practice. In other words our thinking method is limited in the elder generation's experience seriously, what we do is to apply these summary into application, it will do great harm to our innovation. Now let us compare our different kind of education style from primary education to higher education between the two countries.1, Primary School EducationIt's so common that our children suffer lots of homework after class, what is more, the young have to attend to every kind of extra class to improve their scores, we have to admire that our children grasp better basic knowledge, however, what we lose is far more than what we gain. As is the time should we have a reflection, we put so heavy pressure on the young, but it does not work well, children ought to have a happy childhood.While, children in American have less classes and less homework, teachers prefer to let the young do more activities not exercise they want them to consider more and achieve the interest during their practice. Teachers often let children have free talks to train speaking skills, so today we can see American do better in arguing. During primary education, their students mainly study math and language, teachers usually arrange some activities which need to be finished in group, it not only improves the young's friendship but also does good to their sense of a teamwork. We can see the US children have quite relaxed growing environment. They have a more comfortable childhood I think.2. High School EducationIn Chinese high school, we study for three years, during this period, students have a lot of things to do, most of which is about study, every day we are preparing for college entrance examination, we all want to make good scores and choose an ideal college, so you can imagine this three-year career is a great challenge for us. Every day, we begin our class from 7:00 to 12:00 in the morning and from 2:00 till 5:30 in the afternoon, during a day's study, we mainly have math, physic, chemistry, biology,English and Chinese classes, these are the very subjects we should prepare for college entrance examination. We also have some interesting classes. Each week we have two PE classes, during this time we can do what sports we love and we can also relax ourselves, in my opinion only two PE classes are really not enough for us. We have two psychology classes, in this class teacher will show us some exciting topics that have something to do with us, it really help us a lot when we feel lost and frustrated. In Art class teacher will show us famous pictures and tell us the story of each work, we feel quite relaxed at this moment as we can have a sleep or do some other things. Though study is essential during these three years, yet what is the most important I think is that we develop great friendship during high school life, and our friendship is so pure that we can trust each other without any hesitation. Though these three years is the busiest period, it really gives us an valuable memory.When we come to American high school, we can see they have a relaxed study life, as is seen, their high school life is similar to our college life, they commonly study for four years during high school, they need not to pay too much attention to college entrance examination, in American, people prefer your ability than your scores, so students work hard to improve their all kinds of abilities. They go to class from 7:30 to 2:15 from Monday to Friday and only six classes every day, maybe you do not believe, but it is really true. They also have more interesting classes such as pottery class, theatre class and legal class, what the school wants is to strengthen students' practical skills. American students go to class in different classroom while we Chinese have permanent classroom, what is more, they are free to develop themselves andmajor in the subjects they like. As long as they get enough credits they can get graduated, so we can conclude that their style is like our college style.And our class atmosphere is also different, Chinese students should sit rightly and answer the teacher's question carefully, we consider that shows our respect to our teacher, however, American students prefer to sit as comfortable as they feel, they think it is good for study efficiency.3. College EducationIn this part we will continue to introduce the difference between two kinds of education styles.In China, having entranced college, students finally have the chance to lead a relaxed life after so many years study life. Many of them pursuit not to fail in every term's final examination, considering that is enough. And after these four years, students both can get a job and go for further study, it mainly depend on your personal desire. In the four year's life we have to get enough credits to get graduated, we need to attend to required courses and elective subjects. In college you may not go to every class, it is so common that every student have ever escaped from classes. And during these four years we can join all kinds of organizations and that is a good way to improve our communication skills and we can meet more people, maybe one or more among them will do us a favor in the future. We also take part in many kinds of national examinations, among which are CET4, CET6, and NCRE2. If you get the certification. It will help you a lot when you attend a job interview after graduation.Now let us have a look at American college life. In the front of this article weknow their students have a very relaxed life as they do not need to worry about entering college, they can go to college though their score is low, of course, if you want to choose famous college you should have good score. After American students entering college, many of them begin to work harder than they ever did, they may stay in the library all day long, they think it is time for their effort, or they will not get satisfied job after graduation.And on the way I want to say something not so important. In China a student can go to famous university as long as he have good social relationship, and he will get a gradual certificate. While if you study in America, you should pay attention, getting in by the back door is impossible, if you do not work hard you will never graduate successfully, and no satisfied job is waiting for you.In general, Chinese educational style pays more attention to basic knowledge, especially to math physic and chemistry. Our students really have steady basic knowledge that the US students admire very much. When we turn to see US students, we can easily find they prefer to improve social skills, including arguing, social work and teamwork, this difference lead to a phenomenon that if Chinese and American both work in a company most of the Americans will work as manager, and most of we Chinese will work as technical staff who work for the manager.When asked what bring this difference, American say "Chinese have very good knowledge standard but they are not willing to talk about their opinions in meetings, they are used to work along with former experience and lack innovation spirit."4. Different education systemIn China the majority of young people will get the opportunity to enjoy the 9 years' mandatory education, and very few people can go to high school or college, so the proportion of people get educated to the whole people is quite low. The reason why our government puts so many efforts to encourage the young to get further study is mainly to improve our nation's quality.In American, education attract great attention from the government, compulsory education is 12 years, 3 years longer than ours, the students not only enjoy free books but even have free lunch, from this you can see how American care about education. What is more, most of the people will not get satisfied with 12 years education, if so, they can hardly get a job. Many of them will go for further study. They study more forwardly and more self-conscious, and these two kinds of good behavior also bring a good social atmosphere.Chinese teachers are used to divide students in different level based on they marks in the exam, and students will be divided into different classes.While American teachers prefer to use "ABCD" instead of Arabic numerals to evaluate the students, in their eyes every student is good, so teachers will not grudge praise for the students, maybe appreciative education is enlightened from this.That is the whole content I want to share with you to learn the difference between American and Chinese school education, we can see that we really have a lot of things to solve in our education, why our people can not get Nobel prize, maybe there is something wrong with our education system. What we should do is to learn other's advantages and decrease the gap. Maybe years later our students will get theworld's attention.。
文化差异怎么写英文作文
文化差异怎么写英文作文英文：Culture differences are something that we encounter every day, whether it's through interactions with people from different backgrounds or through exposure to different customs and traditions. These differences can be both fascinating and challenging, and they often shape the way we view the world and interact with others.One of the most significant culture differences I have encountered is the concept of time. In Western culture, time is often seen as something to be managed and utilized efficiently. Punctuality is highly valued, and being late for appointments or meetings is considered disrespectful. On the other hand, in some Eastern cultures, time is viewed more fluidly, and being a few minutes late is not a big deal. This has led to some misunderstandings and frustrations in my interactions with people from different cultural backgrounds.Another culture difference that I have noticed is the approach to communication. In some cultures, direct and assertive communication is valued, while in others,indirect and subtle communication is preferred. For example, in Western culture, it is common to express opinions and feedback openly and directly, while in some Asian cultures, it is more common to communicate indirectly to avoidcausing embarrassment or conflict. This has led to some misunderstandings and conflicts in my personal and professional relationships.Despite these challenges, I have come to appreciate and value the richness that culture differences bring to our lives. They provide us with the opportunity to learn from one another, broaden our perspectives, and become moreopen-minded individuals. By embracing and understanding culture differences, we can build stronger and moreinclusive communities.中文：文化差异是我们每天都会遇到的事情，无论是通过与不同背景的人交往，还是通过接触不同的习俗和传统。
英语论文-中西文化差异对英汉比喻的影响及其翻译
中西文化差异对英汉比喻的影响及其翻译摘要语言与文化密切相关，不同的文化背景赋予不同语言中的比喻不同的文化内涵。
因此在学习英语比喻的过程中，比喻的文化差异必须引起高度重视。
本文通过举例从词汇多方面分析比较英汉比喻的文化差异，进而总结英汉互译的方法。
关键词：语言与文化；英汉比喻；文化差异；翻译。
AbstractLanguage and culture are closely related. Differences in culture always influencethe features of language. As significant parts of language, figures of speech havedifferent connotations under different cultural background. Hence, while learningfigures of speech in English , we must pay highly attention to the culturaldifferences. This article is about contrast on the cultural differences of figures ofspeech between English and Chinese by exemplification，then some methods oftranslation concerning figures of speech .Key Words: Language and culture；figures of speech；cultural differences; translation引言语言与文化息息相关，由于英汉民族文化上的差异，造成比喻中蕴含着不同的文化内涵，即使是同一喻体，也不能唤起相似的情感，不能产生同样的效果。
中西服饰文化差异_英语论文
中西服饰文化差异英语论文CatalogueC h a p t e r1C h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r nd r e s s (1)1.1T h e d i f f e r e n t f e a t u r e s o f C h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r nd r e s s (1)1.2W h y p e o p l e w e a rc l o t h i n g (2)1.2.1T h e f u n c t i o n a l r e a s o n (3)1.2.2T h e s o c i a l r e a s o n (3)Chapter 2 Cultural differences between Chinese and westernc l o t h i n g (3)2. 1D esign (3)2. 2 Color (4)2.3P a t t e r n a n d o r n a m e n t s (5)2. 4 Material (5)C h a p t e r3A n a n a l y s i s o f C h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r n d r e s sc u l t u r e (9)3.1G e o g r a p h i c a le n v i r o n m e n t (9)3.2T h e h i s t o r i c a l r e a s o n (9)3.3T h e p o l i t i c a l r e a s o n (10)Chapter 4 Chinese and western dress aesthetic culture and dress concept ……………………………………………………………………….……..1 24.1D r e s s a e s t h e t i cc u l t u r e (12)4.2D r e s s concept (13)Abstract:Dress culture is a cultural phenomenon unique to human beings. As it has different aesthetic ideas, different dressing concepts and different dress etiquette in China and west, it forms Chinese and western dress culture of the different connotation and characteristics. This thesis is divided into four major sections. The first part describes the different features of Chinese and western dress and why people wear clothing. The second part describes cultural differences between Chinese and western clothing. The third part gives an analysis of Chinese and western dress culture. The last part describes Chinese and western dress aesthetic culture and dress concept. Based on the analysis, the thesis finally draws a conclusion. Chinese and western dress culture each has rich connotation and distinct characteristics, which are precious cultural legacy which is left by human ancestors and are the world culture heritage. At the same time, we treasure our own civilization of five thousand years instead of belittling ourselves. It is significant to promote and develop our unique costume culture. We are confident and make contributions to realizing the rejuvenation of our Chinese nation and enriching the clothing culture of the whole world. Key words:Chinese and western clothing; culture；differences；aesthetic culture and clothing concepts摘要:服饰文化是人类特有的文化现象。