《汉英翻译教程》word版
Chinese-English Translation 汉译英教程
Definitions of translation
• A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds. —Gideon Toury • Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. —Christiane Nord
Criteria of translation
• 译者不但要求达义，并且要以传神为目的，译文 必须忠实于原文之字神句气与言外之意。 ――林语堂 • 以效果而论，翻译应像临画一样，所求的不在形 似，而是神似。 ――傅雷
英汉汉英翻译教程参考译文
第6课The Miao Dragon Boat Festival (II)The Miao Dragon Boat Festival is different from / differs from the Hans’ / that of the Hans / the Han celebration. Apart from / Besides / In addition to a different date of celebration from that of the Hans’ (which takes place / happens / is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month) , it generally does not include a dragon boat race, but (it) chiefly (includes) visits to friends and relatives in other villages instead. The dragon boat begins its voyage along the river early in the morning / in the early morning, and is received by friends and relatives wherever / at any place where it stops / arrives.When it approaches / comes near a village, an iron blaster is set off to announce its arrival / inform friends and relatives (of its arrival). Villagers on the bank respond with firecrackers / set off firecrackers in response and come to meet it. The hosts present two cups of rice wine to each oarsman / present each oarsman with two cups of rice wine and then tie / fasten gifts—ducks, geese, and colored silks—(on) to the head of the dragon. Gifts for close relatives, like / such as sons-in-law or cousins, are pigs or goats.At about 4 p.m. the boat stops alongside the river bank. The people on the boat eat, with their fingers / without using bowls and chopsticks, meat and glutinous rice balls (which are) placed on the sides of the boat. Women and children on the bank come to “beg”the boatmen for food. Legend had it that if one ate food from a dragon boat, he would be free from disaster and have all his wishes fulfilled, / eating food from a dragon boat would protect one from disaster and fulfill all one’s wishes, which / and that later became a tradition / traditional custom.On the banks of the river are also held / there are also the Miaos’traditional horse races, bullfights and drum dances. Girls in holiday clothes / holiday attire / holiday array / their holiday best dance to (the accompaniment of) (log) drums / (log) drum beats. Young men and women sing antiphonally all through the festival nights; they get to know each other / get acquainted with each other thereby, and often get married / become man and wife later.第7课大本钟大本钟是伦敦最有名的地标之一，也是世界上最大的四钟面时钟之一。
英汉汉英翻译教程
第三章 词汇的翻译 Vocabulary Translation key points: Difference in Vocabulary
English: Ⅰ. Comparison in Vocabulary of Chinese and English: Examples 开灯 开飞机 开机器 开办新企业 开锁 开车 开茶馆 开销
第二章 翻译的过程 Process in Translation
translation: Ⅱ.Levels in translation:
★ ★ ★ ★
textual level referential level cohesion level level of naturalness
Correction: Ⅲ. Correction:
Hale Waihona Puke 一、课程简介 A Textbook of English-Chinese and Chinese-English Translation
方法：以英汉比较为主。在词汇、句子、 方法 ： 以英汉比较为主 。 在词汇 、 句子 、 语 篇段落等层面对两种语言的异同进行分析、 篇段落等层面对两种语言的异同进行分析 、 比较，总结翻译方法。通过比较，帮助学生 比较， 总结翻译方法。 通过比较， 领悟与翻译方法有关的道理，通过实践练习， 领悟与翻译方法有关的道理 ，通过实践练习， 掌握翻译的方法与技巧。 掌握翻译的方法与技巧。
第二章 翻译的过程 Process in Translation
Ⅰ. Comprehensive Reading and Analyzing the Original
Language. Language.
readers. Communication between the writer and readers.
汉英翻译教程
2 Contrastive Studies of
English and Chinese
2.3 English vs. Chinese: Ten Pairs of Features
Simon Teaching
2.3.1 Synthetic vs. Analytic（综合 语与分析语）
A synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships. An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms. Modern English has become analytic but still frequently uses some hereditary inflections from Old English（a synthetic language）. It is therefore a synthetic-analytic language（综合-分析语）. Chinese is a typical analytic language（分析语）. When the words of a language are inflective in form, they are said to be associative in quality and therefore synthetic in construction. On the other hand, words not inflective in form are considered as isolating in quality and therefore analytic in construction. Inflection（变化词形），word order（安排词序）and the use of function words（运用虚词） are employed as the three grammatical devices in building English sentences.
英汉翻译教程(1-2章)
• 就文本类型而言，分为文学文本翻译、科技文本翻译、 新闻文本翻译、应用文本翻译。 • 就方式而言，分为全译、摘译、编译等。
What is a text?(1)
•
•
Look at the following example: Is it a text? Why or why not?
– E.g. Tom’s wife is female.
对翻译者的要求
• 深厚的语言功底 —对英汉两种语言正确的理解和纯熟的运 用能力 —汉语及英语语感和表达能力（语法意识、 惯用法意识、连贯意识） • 广博的文化知识及相关专业知识 • 高度的责任感
• Understanding, expression, checking
text paragraph sentence clause phrase word understanding ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ←checking ↓ ↑ expression
Grammatically speaking, a text consists of sentences; a sentence consists of clauses; a clause, phrases; a phrase, words. But Halliday and Hasan thought “the word text is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole…. It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a cry for help to an all-day discussion…. A text is a unit of language in use. It is not a grammatical unit…. It is not defined by its size…. A text is best regarded as a semantic unit, a unit not of form but of meaning. Thus it is related to a clause or sentence not by size but by realization.” So we can say a text is a communicative unit. It does not only consist of sentences, it is also realized by sentences which must be meaningful. The example is grammatically correct, but it means nothing. （The sentence is not informative, it is not a text.)
(完整版)英汉翻译教程
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）严复：信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。
The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷：神似--—spiritual conformity。
Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。
强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书：化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德：信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅：宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流.4．直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译：free translation直译的例子：crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿； chain reaction连锁反应；gentlemen's agreement君子协定； one country, two systems 一国两制；The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流；paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气； go to one’s external rest——-安息； the long sleep——-长眠；see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂； blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿：直译不等于死译（dead translation）:街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。
新编汉英翻译教程 第五章 篇章与段落
新编汉英翻译教程第五章篇章与段落上海男人明,,有也相当滑聪聪聪聪聪…尊重女性。
是不是要我家里有没有一些,聪聪聪聪聪……聪聪不是叫那些富翁Shanghai men are smart and practical and even slippery, but 聪冷三天。
what impresses most is that they are aggressive in their career Dear readers, maybe you wish to known if I have any private and responsible to their families and respectful to females.property at home. Just a minute! Let me see… Ah, here it is butnothing much though. I have left my wife for safekeeping a few 聪聪聪……聪聪已是三年前的事情了。
日才退出厚两寸,重一changes of used underwear and a few pairs of socks with mendedsoles, all of which I used to wear last summer. She has now put 斤。
The thing happened three years ago. Shortly after Japanese troops withdrew, I went to Lida School in Jiangwan to inspect them away in a remote mountain valley to prevent them frombeing stolen in case of Kuomintang attack, so that I may wear the damage, and lingered over that mournful scene for somehours. On the way back I picked up this lump of iron. The them again this summer. These are all the property I have to myname. but wouldn’t the declaration of my family treasures make ground roundabout Lida School was littered with lumps of iron, some big, some small. I was told they were bomb fragments. The myself an object oflively ridicule to the rich?one I picked up was a small one. Measuring roughly six inchesacross, there inched high and two inches thick. It weight was 太湖明珠无能略水的民俗情。
汉译英教程
汉译英教程大学汉英翻译教程(王治奎)1( From English to Chinese (句子)55. I was only joking, but he took it to heart. Just as an old saying goes, “Acasual speaker’s remark may sound deliberate to a suspicious listener.”56. In blaming him for what had happened, you were indeed barking up thewrong tree. He had nothing whatever to do with the affair. 57. Sheis not the kind of person to bear anyone a grudge. She is frank, broad-minded, and outspoken.58. Unique local creations are available in Xi’an, such as the three colored glazedpottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta figures. 59. She couldn’t have come at a better time.60. They preach taking from others, whereas we advocate giving to others.Answers:1. 我当时是说着玩儿的，他就认真了。
这不正应了那句话:“言者无心，听者有意”。
2. 这件事你责怪他是找错了对象，他与此事毫无关系。
3. 她不是那种小心眼儿。
她胸怀宽广、心直口快、光明磊落。
4. 到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。
5. 她来得正是时候。
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《汉英翻译教程》
练习1
1、翻译的任务是什么？
2、翻译有哪几种种类？
3、翻译的标准是什么？
4、如何正确理解和表达？
练习2 翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配：
1、那个受惊的小孩紧紧抓住他母亲的手。
2、他把自己的一生献给为人民服务的事业。
3、新生儿需要细心护理。
4、该委员会由五人组成。
5、我借一下你的电话好吗？
练习3 翻译下列各句，根据需要增补适当的词语：
1、中国总是要前进的。
2、你想看这本书，就先看吧。
3、所有公民在法律面前一律平等。
4、他们一听说有新任务就坐不住了。
5、只要中国人民积极奋斗，这个宏伟的战略目标是能够达到的。
练习4 翻译下列各句，注意省略：
1．新老干部要互相学习，互相帮助，取长补短。
2．他一开口总是三句话不离本行。
3．每条河流都有上游、中游和下游。
4．一五一十地都给父母讲了。
5．他们是亲密无间的朋友。
练习5 翻译下列各句，注意划线部分词类的转换：
1．中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。
2．共产党员应该吃苦在前，享受在后。
3．我们觉得解决这个问题并不难。
4．我们科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。
5．社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。
练习6 翻译下列各句，注意划线部分在句中的位置：
1．他们最近的成就表明他们所取得的巨大进步。
2．这是唯一可能的解决的办法。
3．不论晴雨，我们明天非去不可。
4．我们必须清楚了解所有牵涉到的问题。
5．我率领的部队南征北战，越战越强。
练习7 翻译下列各句，注意运用语态变换的方法：
1．关于这个问题，已经说得很多了。
2．医院立即收下那个重伤的男孩。
3．认识落后，才能改变落后。
4．这篇文章需要再润色一下。
5．他的话使我感到莫名其妙。
练习8 翻译下列各句，注意恰当运用正说与反说的技巧：1．他的暗示没有引起我的注意。
2．你恐怕弄错了。
3．他不在，我感到很寂寞。
4．只要他没有病倒，他是不会不来的。
5．是重力使我们不致于从地球上抛出去。
练习9 采用适当的方式翻译下列无主句：
1．以其人之道，还治其人之身。
2．前头坐着一位老人。
3．没有矛盾，就没有世界。
4．不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
5．忠诚党的教育事业。
练习10 将下列汉语省略句译成英语省略句：
1．妈妈买了一架电视机。
2．象是要下雨的样子。
3．多年来一直喝这种苦药，我真是喝够了。
4．他有自己的打算，但不愿向别人谈论。
5．这件事你不懂，就别再操心了。
练习11 翻译下列各句，注意“得”字句补语的译法：1．她伤心得大哭起来。
2．床收拾得很整齐。
3．他兴奋得说不出话来。
4．他累得走不动了。
5．她的头发长得几乎拖地了。
练习12 翻译下列各句，注意“把”字词组的译法：1．今天是什么风把你吹来了?
2．他们把我们看做自己家里人。
3．不要把你的衣服弄脏了。
4．母亲把孩子叫回来复习功课。
5．那意味着把工作交给他了。
练习13 翻译下列各句，注意连动式谓语的译法：
1．他打发儿子到城里去买些药来。
2．我们不能强迫人们接受某一种学派。
3．她听到孩子在摇篮里哭。
4．他拉过来一把椅子放在客人的背后。
5．我要让自己解决这个问题。
练习14 翻译下列各句或词组，注意重复部分的译法：
1．要采取果断措施，快出人才，多出人才。
2．你不愿意落后，她也不愿意落后。
3．赶超世界先进水平，关键是时间。
时间就是生命，时间就是速度，时间就是力量。
4．我们的毛病很多。
我们不怕说出自己的毛病，我们一定要改正自己的毛病。
5．一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局。
练习15 翻译下列各句，注意外位语结构的译法：
1．百花齐放，百家争鸣，这是促进艺术发展和科学进步的方针。
2．你不想做那工作，这是很明显的。
3．他的父母几乎同时死去，这是很可怕的。
4．每句话，每个行动，每项政策，都要适合人民的利益，如果有了错误，定要改正，这就叫向人民负责。
5．他这件事做得很好，这真是了不起。
练习1 6翻译下列各句，注意比喻性词语的译法：
1．他本人是泥菩萨过河，自身难保。
2．我象井底之蛙把世界看成一小池那么大。
3．他象一只斗败的公鸡似的垂头丧气。
4．这人原先胆子小，干啥也是脚踩两只船。
5．群众的愤怒象火山一般爆发出来。
练习17 翻译下列各句，注意划线的习语的译法：
1．木已成舟，也只好如此了。
2．但是，事实胜于雄辩，水落自然石出。
3．失败乃成功之母。
4．东风压倒西风。
5．送君千里，终有一别。
练习18 翻译下列各句，注意在适当的地方断句和区分主从
1．一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。
2．“但是，象我们常说的那样，道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。
”
3．在我国这样一个十亿人口的大国实现四个现代化，是一件非常艰巨复杂的工作，进一步打好基础是今后顺利发展的重要前提。
4．许多人在青年时代并没有多少出众之处，可后来都为国家作出了重大贡献。
5．我们的伟大祖国昂首挺立于世界民族之林，愈来愈成为世界上任何人都不能忽视的巨大力量。
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