全新版大学英语阅读教程3课文翻译unit15
全新版大学英语快速阅读3(第二版)(新题型版)中文翻译(最新整理)

他们是最好的朋友。 迈阿密大学,2000年5月:先生瓦尔德斯是踢足球,因为他做的每星期六与一群浅肤色的拉丁 美洲人在一个附近的公园里。他的公寓。他先生儒兹的惊喜,游览先生的普拉德霍贝架设到了冲 洗和出汗,跑去迎接他。他们握手时热烈。 但当先生的普拉德霍贝架设到了回到比赛飞镖,儒兹先生去一边站,双臂交叉,看他儿时的朋 友玩游戏曾是他们共同的欢乐。帮儒兹先生不再踢足球。他喜欢篮球与黑色的拉丁裔和非裔美国 人从他的邻居。 这两个人生活只有四英里远的地方,即使是15分钟的车程。他们还被更大的距离,他们说,他 们从来没有想过回到古巴。 显示的方式是黑人,但明显少得多,那件白色的,他们已经分开成长在美国由于种族。第一次, 他们居住在一个地方,他们的皮肤颜色的轮廓lives-where定义他们生活的朋友,他们怎么说,她 们穿什么,连他们吃。
和机遇的确很少。夫人公园在一次采访中说:回到那时,我们没有任何公民权利。这只是一种 生存,现有的从带到下一天。我还记得去睡眠作为一个女孩听到这个Klan在夜间开车听见私刑和 害怕这个房子会烧掉。
在相同的采访中,她说她感到恐惧时,因为她一直面对恐惧。这个无畏给她勇气去战胜她确信 她在巴士抵制运动。“我没有什么特别的恐惧,”她说。“这是更多的救济知道我并不孤单。”
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程 3 课文原文及翻译》大学英语学习对于许多学生来说是提升语言能力和拓展国际视野的重要途径。
全新版大学英语综合教程 3 更是其中的重要组成部分。
以下将为您呈现部分课文的原文及对应的翻译,希望能对您的学习有所帮助。
课文一:The Human Touch原文:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station翻译:约翰·布兰查德从长凳上站起身来,整了整军装,审视着穿过中央车站的人群。
原文:He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose翻译:他在寻找那个他明知其心却不知其貌的女孩,那个带着玫瑰的女孩。
原文:His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library翻译:他对她的兴趣始于十三个月前在佛罗里达州的一家图书馆里。
原文:Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin 翻译:他从书架上取下一本书,发现自己感兴趣的不是书中的文字,而是写在页边空白处的铅笔字批注。
原文:The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind翻译:那柔和的笔迹反映出一个深思熟虑、富有洞察力的灵魂。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译

unit 4Was Einstein a Space Alien?1 Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept thehousehold awake until dawn. When Albert finally dozed off ... it was time to get up and go to work. He couldn't skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family.1. 阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦精疲力竭。
他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停,弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。
阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时,已是他起床上班的时候了。
他不能一天不上班,他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。
2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert, Third Class," Albert w orried about his mother. She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; hehad forgotten to comb it again.2. 阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。
在快步去专利局上班的路上,他为母亲忧心忡忡。
母亲年纪越来越大,身体虚弱。
她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事,婆媳关系紧张。
全新版大学英语(第二版)第三册课后翻译和作文

原文段落Unit 1I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.? The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.?Unit 2Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom.? In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it's about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories.Unit 3It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. any suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.? It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.? The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.??Unit 4He had impressive powers of concentration.Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled "...even when there wasa lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up apen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on thebackrest and engross himself in a problem so much thatthe background noise stimulated rather than disturbedhim."Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishlymore so than his peers. "I have no special talents," heclaimed, "I am only passionately curious." And again:"The contrast between the popular assessment of mypowers ... and the reality is simply grotesque." Einsteincredited his discoveries to imagination and peskyquestioning more so than orthodox intelligence.Unit 5The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a"simple, old-fashioned principal" had ended withschools undergoing such swift changes that he hadretired in self-doubt. "I heard more of what I had donewrong than what I did right," he said, adding that myletter had brought him welcome reassurance that hiscareer had been appreciated.? A glance at Grandma'sfamiliar handwriting brought back in a flash memoriesof standing alongside her white rocking chair, watchingher "settin' down" some letter to relatives. Character bycharacter, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word,then the next, so that a finished page would consumehours. I wept over the page representing my Grandma'srecent hours invested in expressing her lovinggratefulness to me -- whom she used to diaper!?Unit 6Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the groundfloor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a long,white beard curling down over his chest. Despitelooking the part, Behrman was a failure in art. For fortyyears he had been always about to paint a masterpiece,but had never yet begun it. He earned a little by servingas a model to those young artists who could not pay theprice of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and stilltalked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was afierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness inany one, and who regarded himself as guard dag to thetwo young artists in the studio above.? Sue foundBehrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lightedstudio below. In one corner was a blank canvas on aneasel that had been waiting there for twenty-five yearsto receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told himof Johnsy’s fancy, and how she feared she would,indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, when herslight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman,with his red eyes, plainly streaming, shouted hiscontempt for such foolish imaginings.Unit 7His mind was trapped in a body that didn't work.Speaking was difficult and took time. People wereimpatient and didn't listen. He felt different -- wasdifferent -- from the kids who rushed about in the hallsand planned dances he would never attend.? Whatcould his future be? Porter wanted to do something andhis mother was certain that he could rise above hislimitations. With her encouragement, he applied for ajob with the Fuller Brush Co. only to be turned down.He couldn't carry a product briefcase or walk a route,they said.? Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman.He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper.When he saw one for Watkins, a company that soldhousehold products door-to-door, his mother set up ameeting with a representative. The man said no, butPorter wouldn't listen. He just wanted a chance. Theman gave in and offered Porter a section of the city thatno salesman wanted.?句子翻译1.We have a problem with the computer system, but Ithink it is fairly minor.我们的计算机系统出了毛病,但我觉得问题比较小。
全新版大学英语综合教程第三册课文翻译及习题答案

全新版大学英语综合教程第三册课文翻译及习题答案Xuqixiang2010上海外语教育出版社Chinese Translations of Texts A (Units 1-8)参考译文:第一单元生活方式的改变课文A在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活售姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的——写作与务农。
如今我同时做着这两件事。
作为作家,我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级,作为农场主,我和乡邻也不是同一类人,不过我应付得还行。
在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后,我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
这是一种自力更生的生活。
我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。
自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋,每星期还能剩余几十个出售。
自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜,我们还自己动手砍柴,足可供过冬取暖之用。
这也是一种令人满足的生活。
夏日里我们在河上荡舟,在林子里野餐,骑着自行车长时间漫游。
冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。
我们为落日的余辉而激动。
我们爱闻大地回暖的气息,爱听牛群哞叫。
我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空,看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。
但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。
就在三个月前,气温降到华氏零下30度,我们辛苦劳作了整整两天,用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。
再过三个月,气温会升到95度,我们就要给玉米松土,在草莓地除草,还要宰杀家禽。
前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。
过些时候,四个孩子中的两个小的,16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉,会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下,那是专为室外干活修建的。
这个月晚些时候,我们要给果树喷洒药水,要油漆谷仓,要给菜园播种,要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。
新视野大学英语第三册读写教程15选10翻译及汉译英

unit1When I think of people in this world who have really made a difference, I think of my parents. They were truly saints among ordinary people.I was one of the ten children my parents adopted. They rescued(挽救)each of us from a life of poverty(贫穷) and loneliness(孤独). They were hardly able to restrain(克制)themselves from bringing home more children to care for. If they had had the resources(资源)they certainly would have.Most people do not realize how much they appreciated (感激) someone until they pass away(大多数人都不知道他们有多么感激一个人,直到那个人去世). My sisters and brothers and I did not want this to happen before we uttered(说)the words "Thank you" to our parents(我的妹妹和弟弟和我都不想在我们对父母说谢谢你之前让这件事发生).Although we have all grown up and scattered(散落) about the country, we got back together to thank our parents. My brother Tom undertook(从事,承担)the task of organizing the event. Every Friday night, Mom and Dad have had the ham dinner special at the same restaurant for the last twenty years. That is where we waited without their knowing. When we first caught a glimpse(瞥一眼) of them coming across the street, we all hid underneath(在…之下) a big table. When they entered, we leapt(跳出来) out and shouted, "Thank you, Mom and Dad." My brother Tom presented (提供)them with a card(办法,手段,妙计)and we all hugged(拥抱). My Dad pretended(假装) that he had known we were under the table all along.1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家,无论你做了多么充分的准备,你都很难在这样嘈杂招待会上发表演讲(no matter how)No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样,吉米也关心他们(just as )Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.3.汽车的生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码,以便帮助找回被盗车辆Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话,我就不再和你说话了If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子,但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活(on one’s own)Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6.现在需要面对的事情是:如何筹集创建公司所需的资金(reckon with)Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.unit2Women who exercise regularly need to be careful with what they eat. Researchers have found evidence(证据,迹象) that even moderate(适度的) exercise can result in losing iron. They said that women who exercise regularly, especially in endurance(耐久) activities, typically lose iron. In order to prevent this from becoming a problem(为了防止这成为问题), it is important that those women consume more meat(吃肉) or take supplements(补充)to replace (取代) the iron lost. Those who do not bother to get plentiful amounts of iron (嫌麻烦不愿意获得大量铁的人) may begin to feel weak and tired. "If you can get the recommended daily allowance(按定量供给)of iron in your diet(如果你能每天服用推荐铁的含量), you will probably perform better," said one diet specialist. "One shortcoming(缺点) of taking iron pills is that the pill form is not well absorbed(专心致志,全神贯注) and can sometimes make you sick. It is preferable(可取的) that you try to remedy(治疗) the deficiency(缺点)by getting more iron-rich meats(红肉) in your diet."There are ways to help your body store(储存)away(一直在做…) the ironit takes in. By getting plenty of Vitamin C, your body is able to process(处理), or use, the iron better. Researchers acknowledge(承认,声明)that everyone's body is different and the problem will be less serious for some. Because it is impossible to decide whether or not this could be a problem for you, health specialists say(健康专家说) it is advisable(明智的) to check your iron levels. Even when you can't feel it, you may still have a problem.1.被告是位年仅30岁的女子,她坚持称自己无罪(use an appositive)使用同位语The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence(无罪).2.总体来看,枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源(use an absolute tructure)使用独立主格结构All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.3.正餐时不供应饮料,饮料会影响消化No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.4.考虑到那个地方受欢迎的程度,提前订旅馆是明智的Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.5.服药后若有呕吐感,请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.6.总结这次讨论时,他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.unit3While many private schools are focusing more on values(重视), public schools are moving toward testing standards. The national government demands(需要)academic(学术上的) success and tests are taken as a key measurement(量度;份量,尺寸;) for a school's performance(表现). Schools with low test scores face penalties(惩罚) such as a reduction(减少) in money to run(经营)their schools. And, even individual teachers are being graded on(分级) how they're preparing their students for these tests."We have concentrated(集中的,全神贯注的) too much on teaching the kidshow to take these tests," commented(评论)one elementary school teacher(初中老师). "We should be providing a more comprehensive(综合的,全面的)curriculum (课程) to these kids. We should be cultivating(改善,培养)leadership and curiosity(领导能力和好奇心). Unfortunately, there is never time."One school principal remarked(重要的评论), "It's true that it would be beneficial(有益的) to our kids if they were getting better scores on the subjects being tested. The trouble is that in poorer areas of the city like ours, kids start school less equipped(被装备) to perform(工作) well. We have many obstacles(障碍)to overcome(战胜,压倒) before we can teach them basic subjects. All schools are not alike(同样地) , so they shouldn't be tested that way.""The goal is to improve performance in schools that are not providing(提供) their students with tools for success," said one government official. He admits(承认), however, that he is having a hard time convincing faculty(说服全体教职员工) and teachers this plan will work.1.在思维方面,与他的行为一样,他是非常传统的(use “as” with the meaning of “in the way that , in the manner(方法)that ,like”.)In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2.教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译6-8(共14页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--unit 6 The Last LeafWhen Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done约翰西病情严重,她似乎失去了活下去的意志。
医生对她不抱什么希望。
朋友们看来也爱莫能助。
难道真的就无可奈何了吗1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.在一幢三层砖楼的顶层,苏和约翰西辟了个画室。
“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。
她们一位来自缅因州,一位来自加利福尼亚。
两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆,发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉,以及灯笼袖等方面趣味相投,于是就有了这个两人画室。
2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。
全新版大学英语阅读教程3课文翻译+答案(补几篇零散查到的)

2.The American Man我们不厌其烦地谈论“美国男人”,似乎他们身上存在着某种几十年或者十年恒常不变的品质。
当今的美国男人不再是1630 年来到新英格兰的快乐的农民了。
他们不再是老脑筋,他们不再以内向的性格为荣,他们不会坐在没有取暖设备的教堂里连做三遍祷告。
在南方,富裕的受母亲制约的种植园主也发展壮大了,但这两种“美国男人”都不像之后东北部发达起来的贪婪的铁路承包商。
而不计后果、为所欲为的西部文明移民也不像他们。
即使在我们自己的年代,公认的模范也发生了戏剧性的变化。
举个例子说,在20 世纪50 年代,这样一种美国人越来越凸显出来,成为大多数人认可的模范。
这就是50 年代的男人。
上班起早贪黑,干活尽职尽责,养家糊口,遵规守纪。
里根就是这类人的典型——固执而坚忍不拔。
这类人弄不懂女人的心,却颇为赏识女人的身体;他们的文化观和文化观的美国部分幼稚而乐观。
他们大都有坚忍不拔、信心十足的品质,但在他们魅力十足、虚张声势的外表下,还有另外的三个特征:孤立、清贫、被动。
他们需要通过自己的敌人来证明自己还活着。
50 年代的男人喜欢橄榄球,好斗,他们维护美国,从不流泪,只是默默奉献。
但在这些男人的身上,善于接纳和对人友善的品质消失了。
他们的个性缺乏洋溢感。
他们还缺乏同情心,正是这点怂恿了他们对越战的狂热;就像后来的里根,他的头脑中缺乏那种我们称之为“和平之心”的东西,这使得他对萨尔瓦多那些手无寸铁的人,对这里的老人、失业者、上学的孩子,乃至对穷人都铁石心肠、残暴野蛮。
50 年代的男人清楚地知道男人该是什么样,男人的职责是什么,但他们自身孤立和片面的观念弄得他们危机四伏。
到了60 年代,又出现了另外一类男人。
越战的荒废和暴虐让他们质疑,自已是否真的知道一个成年男人是什么样子?如果成年等于越战,他们对成年还有一丝一毫的向往吗?同时,女权运动激励男人们开始真切地审视女人,迫使他们开始理解50 年代男人苦苦逃避的担忧和苦楚。
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15.圣瓦伦丁节的时尚
里·爱瑞克·舒密特
? 尽管英国的许多圣徒节日在美国都被遗忘了,圣瓦伦丁节依旧是一个最受欢迎的节日。
美国人是怎样喜欢上圣瓦伦丁节的?历史学家舒密特在下文中讲述了它的秘密。
19世纪40年代,圣瓦伦丁节在美国还不是一个很流行的节日。
华盛顿的生日在2月,是美国革命重要的纪念日,而古老的圣瓦伦丁节无论在地位上还是在重要性上都比它逊色多了。
垮越大西洋,从英国来到美国,大多数的英国圣徒节日已渐渐淡出人们的记忆,比如人们曾纪念过的那些忠实的信徒们、杰出的民间先知者、慈善家们,比如圣·阿格纳、圣·安娜、圣·菲斯、圣·西蒙以及圣·托马斯,所以人们有理由认为圣瓦伦丁节会像其他许多纪念日一样淡出人们的记忆。
由于受到工业社会和新教的时间观念的严格制约,和其他许多散布于中世纪和早期现代日历中的圣徒日一样,圣瓦伦丁节似乎注定是要毯废止的。
’新兴美国的年历不会像早期现代英国的年历一样列满教堂的圣徒纪念日行会仪式或王室纪念日,但却可能是独具特色的节日大拼盘,比如共和国庆典,各国移民的不同节日,福音派教会的复活节以及安息日等。
和圣过自特里克日,样,圣瓦伦丁日最终被证明是个例外;但与圣·帕特里克日不同的是,创造并赴领圣瓦伦丁节在美国复兴的是商业而不是种族特点。
2当然有关圣瓦伦丁日的民间信仰在早期的美国也得以长久地保存下来了,例如在历书上就经常标出这个节日,有时还附上一两首关于节日的韵律诗。
一些代表性的传统意象也流传下来,1811年新泽西的柏林顿出版了一本圣瓦伦丁节的诗集,它唤起人们种种联想,如传统的乔臾式浪漫的求爱方式,美丽的春天,还有那些亲嘴的鸟儿,比如:知更鸟,黑鸟,鹤鹤,站在篱笆上的麻雀,欧掠鸟(燕八哥),以及铿鸟等等,“它们在这节日里成群结队,在晨曦中发出腼腆的求爱宣言”。
然而,在19世纪最初的几十年里,报刊几乎很少提到圣瓦伦丁节,而那些评论这个节日的作家们只把它当做几乎是独特的英国人的仪式,它只在伦敦特别流行而在美国却没有明显的吸引力和兴趣。
小说家塞缪尔·伍德沃斯是美国最早的编年史作者之一,1832年曾指出:‘,2月14日英国人互送圣瓦伦丁节贺卡,通过抓阉来确定丈夫和配偶的习俗,美国人从未有过很多的尝试,而且现在也不了解。
”1858年,《哈勃周刊》报道说,在1840年左右商人们首次寄出印有他们瓦伦丁节产品样品的“旅游代理”的信封,这些推销商们实际上“在大多数情况下是被迫而为,并解释说,这样做是为了使用特别的书信和记录他们所准备的特别销售季节。
”19世纪4(j年代以前,这个节日在美国流行文化里无足轻重,不为人关注。
19世纪40年代和50年代,这个节日的命运发生了戏剧性的变化。
“几年前,我们看到欧洲人庆祝这个节日的报道,而在这里却没有它的讯息。
”《费城公共文摘》1845年评论道,“现在情况发生了变化,圣瓦伦丁节的书信,以及心形节日标志等都被引入。
特别在纽约,这种半严肃、半滑稽的求爱方式,花言巧语的爱情宣言,今天都写在纸上,通过邮局来传递。
成千上万封这样的信件被寄出……即使在一向严肃的费城,圣瓦伦丁节也为人们所推崇。
”《费城公共文摘》在这个节日的欢欣鼓舞里看到了希望。
怀着对恢复失传的民间传统和节庆的极度渴望,报纸高度赞扬这种复古的行为。
“我们已经变得很通达了,所有古老的节日或圣日或纪念日几乎都从日历上被抹掉了……我们太过于算计了。
”这
个国家所需要的是“多一点灵魂的洗练,少一点脑力劳动”,是留出更多的时间来“释旦三兰感,是找到更多的机会抛开“公务的操劳
和忧虑”,复苏的圣瓦伦丁节一丁一个允许异想天开和放纵的休息日—正好顺应了这种需圣止这个古老的节日的复兴其实是个莫大的讽刺,人们将商业观念注入其中,却推进了这个“祝福日”的罗曼蒂克情调的复苏。
正是瓦伦丁贺卡使得圣瓦伦丁节在纽约和费城以及更大的范围内成为时尚。
在这一潮流中,美国人最初是向伦敦寻找灵感,到19世纪末,印刷商和出版商们开发了瓦伦丁贺卡的商业市场。
19世纪20年代中期时,在伦敦瓦伦丁节日卡的年发行量是20万;19世纪40年代末,据报道,年交易量已经翻倍;到186 7年时,仅城市中的销售额就已经达到了100万。
1843年,一位作家在《波士顿晚报》发表文章,他遗憾地写道,瓦伦丁节贺卡的商机在英国迅速繁荣,美国人对此“只是一知半解,恐怕由于这种误解,山姆大叔已经被骗走了一份本该得到的合法的财政收入。
”在圣瓦伦丁节的最初发展上,美国会司对英国的进口和技术,比如花边纸产品,非常放心,而且经常吹嘘说他们进口的是伦敦所提供的最好的生产线。
到了 1848年,费城的一家大公司就能自信地宣称“这些美观大方的、充满古典韵味的吐露心声的卡片”“在大西洋的这边”正变得“和那边一样流行l,5。
那时,至少有11家美国企业开始生产他们自己的瓦伦丁节日贺卡了,无数家商店在零售这些英国和美国的产品;小贩们和旅行社把这些节日礼品带到乡村和城镇。
美国人对这种英国时尚的兴趣,实际上是在19世纪40年代兴起的。
一位那鲁的学生指出这种对瓦伦丁节的“普遍的狂热”早在1842年就已经开始了,尽管他自己曾试图在这种喧嚣面前保持冷静。
他听说,“1000张卡片”已经通过当地邮局寄出了。
有人估计1843年通过纽约邮局发送的瓦伦丁贺卡数量达到了巧(X)0张;次年,这个数字达到了20000张;到1847年,估计已达到30000张。
同样,在波士顿,1847年,仅一家快递公司就报告说已投递了8000张此类的贺卡。
由于无法提供费城的任何一家公司所投递的瓦伦丁时尚卡的估计数字,《公共文摘》似乎对这种急剧增长的喧闹给叮呆了:“有如此多的通过邮局和快递公司传送的邮件,要查明昨天投递的数量是完全不可能的。
据说,投递数远远超过了去年。
我们亲眼看到一个邮递员费劲地搬动一个巨大的装满了信件的购物篮,我们也听说布拉德快递公司用手推车投递邮件。
”尽管这种狂热在随后的十年里不可避免地冷却下来了,但一种全新的深入人心的问候语赞美语和俏皮话却保存T下来。
19世纪40年代到60年代之间,交换瓦伦丁卡已成为一种历久不衰的风俗。
在弄懂了瓦伦丁节是一种商品以后,新的庆祝仪式就以商业为媒介广泛地推广起来。
由于这个节日的复活,瓦伦丁这个词本身的意义也在19世纪中期发生了变化。
这个词最早的现代意义关注个人或一种关系。
也就是说,人们用抽签的方式来确定此刻谁是自己的瓦伦丁(情人),或指自己的亲密爱人或未婚妻(夫)。
与此相比,19世纪时这个词主要是指人们可以去商店购买的用来交换的物品—精美的花边信纸和带有彩色石印的信纸。
简而言之,瓦伦丁节成了一种商业产品,一件像任何其他商品一样可出售的商品,供人消费。
其词源正表明了这个词的根本变化。