FSO无线光通信英文介绍
光纤通信课件 FSO介绍
FSO工作原理
2 空间发送激光器将“0” “1”信号 调制到激光上并发送到空中
3 接收对端的红外光信号
5 双向数据传输
1 FSO设备接入通 信网络来到数字 信号
4 FSO设备恢复出接入 的通信网络数字信号
FSO通信影响因素
窗户玻璃衰减 雾
建筑物偏移
太阳光
障碍物 沙尘、烟、低云等
闪烁
红外激光
闪烁（Scintillation）
系统裕量 是影响系统性能 的关键因素
系统裕量
25 dB （用于克服雾、薄雾等 影响的额外功率）
-45 dBm
接收器下限
+15
31.6
+10
10
+5
0
1
-5
-10
随距离变化
-15
-20
-25
-30
随能见度变化
-35
（气候，随时间变化）
-40
-45
-50
1x10-5
-55
-60
1x10-6
dBm mW
多光束FSO设计
1m
1 km
Divergence 0.5 mrad 2.0 mrad 4.0 mrad
Range 1.0 km 1.0 km 1.0 km
Spot Diameter ~0.5 m ~2.0 m ~4.0 m
同步多束激光
3.79 米
- 6.0 dB - 1.2 dB - 3.0 dB
15 cm 21 cm
闪烁是由大气湍流引起的时空变化，这种湍流是由风和温 度差所产生的空气囊体，随着浓度的改变，空气囊体也就 迅速地改变着光线的折射率，其作用恰似一个随时间改变 着特性的棱镜和透镜，这正是造成夜空中星体闪烁现象的 原因。
通信前沿
自由空间光通信技术的应用和发展
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX 自由空间光通信技术的应用和发展 摘要： 无线光通信又称自由空间光通信（FSO），是一种以激光为载波（MHz）, 在真
空或大气中传递信息的通信技术。F S O在视距传输、宽带接入中逐渐得到了的应用。本文简单介绍了自由空间无线光通信技术的技术背景和国内外发展现状、其基本原理、系统组成和相关的关键技术，并指出，随着“最后一公里”对高带宽、低成本接入技术的迫切需求，F S O技术具有越来越广泛的前景。 关键词：自由空间光通信（FSO）；最后一公里技术
1. FSO技术背景[1] 自由空间光通信FSO( Free space optics)，是一种小功率红外激光束通过大气为介质传送光信号的激光通信系统它有两种工作波长：分别是850nm和1550nm。850nm的设备相对便宜，一般主要应用在传输距离不太远的场合；1550nm的设备价格要昂贵一些，但在功率、传输距离和视觉安全方面有更好的表现。FSO和光纤通信一样，具有频带宽的优势，能支持155Mb/s～10Gb/s的传输速率，传输距离可达2～4km，但通常在1～2km有稳定的传输效果。在20 世纪80 年代FSO开始用于军方，随着掺饵光纤放大器EDFA、波分复用WDMA、自适应光学Adaptive Optics 等技术不断发展，无线光通信在传输距离、可靠性、传输容量等方面有了较大改善, 适用面也越来越宽。 虽然无线光通信技术还有待成熟，但它却有显著的优点： (1) 频带宽，速率高：理论上，无线光通信的传输带宽与光纤通信的传输带宽相同。目前国外无线光通信系统一般使用1550n m波长，传输速率可达10Gbit/s，可完成12万个话路，其传输距离可达5k m。 (2) 频谱资源丰富：FSO设备多采用红外光传输方式，无需申请频率执照和交纳频率占用费，也不会和微波等无线通信系统产生相互干扰。 (3) 适用多种通信协议：无线光通信产品作为一种物理层的传输设备，可以用在SDH、ATM、以太网、快速以太网等常见的通信网络中。 (4)部署链路快捷：FSO设备可以直接架设在楼顶，甚至可在水域上部署，能完成地对空、空对空等多种光纤通信无法完成的通信任务，其施工周期较短，可以在数小时内建立起通信链路，而建设成本只有地下光纤的五分之一左右。 (5)传输保密性好：无线光通信的安全性高。无线光通信具有很好的方向性和非常窄的波束，因此，对其窃听和人为干扰较困难。 (6)组网灵活：可以构建点地点，点对多点，环状，星状，网状等多种结构。并且网络的扩展容易。 2.FSO在国内外发展历程[2~3] 早在20世纪60年代，人们就对自由空间光通信进行过研究，但当时主要用于军事及实验目的，其商业应用是在最近几年才在美国兴起。90年代 FSO 系统的厂商围绕着技术的经济性来开发他们的产品, 因为安装屋顶到屋顶的FSO 链路比挖掘城市街道、安装光纤线路快捷便宜得多。同时无线通信所赖以生存的射频频谱正在变得十分拥挤, 很难再支撑高速宽带大容量无线通信应用。于是, 人们又将目光转向了无线光通信。 国际上，一些大型电信设备公司对FSO系统产生了极大的兴趣，如美国、俄罗斯、加拿大及西欧的一些发达国家已开始试用这种系统。比较典型产品有As-troTerra公司的TERRALINK4-155系列产品、Air-Op-tica公司的UWIN802,PLH802系列和PAV数据系统公司的SKY系列产品。1999年，光通信的巨头朗讯公司做了相距2.4km、速率为2.5Gb/s、波长为1550nm的无线光通信实验；2000年做了40Gb/s密集波分复用4.4km无线光通信实验。据2001年有关文献报道，朗讯公司做了目前通信容量最大的FSO通信系统试验采用光纤放大器可以在200m的通信距离内，实20Gb/s-160Gb/s速率的数据通信，这项技术代表着国际最高水平。Light-Pointe公司自从2004年推出的FlightLite一直是最畅销的企业无线产品之一，而Light-Pointe又于05年五月份推出FlightStrata100XA, 是第一款集成了快速以太网光无线链路和5.8GHzRF技术的FSO 产品。该产品提供了全天候的工作能力,同时可以提供与光纤线路一样的带宽。 在国内，从事FSO研究的主要有中国电子科技集团公司第34研究所(桂林)、成都光电技术研究所及上海光机所等单位。中国电子科技集团公司第34研究所早1971年就开始进行FSO技术研究。1997年，该所派专家赴俄罗斯进行实地考察FSO的应用情况，之后组建了技术攻关小组。经过近几年的努力，34所已成功开发出了一系列的FSO设备，如：专用网接入系列、以太网专用系列、图像传输专用系列、GSM信号传输系列等。 目前，34所已完成155Mb/s、622Mb/s速率的超长距离带有自动跟瞄系统的大气通信系统。成都光电技术研究所已经开发出了工作波长为850nm，可以传输1km、4km两种距离的两款产品。后来，清华同方公司推出的FSO产品TFOW100-1能提供100Mbps的带宽，用于1km以内的网络接连，该产品的特点是采用小功率激光器，所以大幅降低成本。根据华为公司与Light-Pointe 公司04年7月的OEM合作协议，华为将在欧洲，中东等地将LightPoint的产品作为自己光网络产品的部分销售。华为已成功将FSO产品安装到国内的各大运营网络中，这表示华为是世界一流的供应商。
光通信英语作文
光通信英语作文In the realm of telecommunications, optical communication has emerged as a pivotal technology, revolutionizing the way information is transmitted across vast distances. This essay delves into the evolution of optical communication, its current state, and its profound impact on various sectors of society.IntroductionThe advent of optical communication can be traced back to the invention of the laser in the 1960s, which paved the way for the transmission of information through light. Over the decades, this technology has undergone significant advancements, transforming the landscape of global communication.Historical EvolutionThe journey of optical communication began with the use of optical fibers, which are thin strands of glass capable of transmitting light signals over long distances with minimal loss. The 1970s saw the first deployment of optical fibers in telecommunications, marking a shift from copper wires to a medium that could carry more data with greater efficiency.As technology progressed, the 1980s brought about the development of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM),allowing multiple signals to be transmitted on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths of light. This innovation significantly increased the capacity of optical communication networks.Current State of Optical CommunicationToday, optical communication is the backbone of the internet and global telecommunications. The technology has evolved to include advanced modulation techniques, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), which further enhance the data carrying capacity of optical fibers.The integration of optical communication with other technologies, like satellite links and undersea cables, has facilitated the creation of a global network that connects continents. This has led to the rise of cloud computing and the ability to access information and services from anywhere in the world.Technological AdvancementsRecent advancements in optical communication technology include the development of photonic integrated circuits, which combine multiple optical components onto a single chip, and the exploration of quantum communication, which promises unprecedented levels of security.The ongoing research in the field is also focusing on solving the challenges of signal distortion and attenuation in optical fibers, with new materials and designs beingdeveloped to improve the performance of optical communication systems.Impact on SocietyThe impact of optical communication on society is vast and multifaceted. It has facilitated the growth of thedigital economy, enabled high-speed internet access in remote areas, and supported the rise of online education, telemedicine, and e-commerce.Moreover, the high bandwidth and low latency of optical communication networks are critical for emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous vehicles, and smart cities, which require real-time data transmission.Challenges and Future ProspectsDespite its many advantages, optical communication faces challenges such as the high cost of deployment, particularly in developing regions, and the need for skilled technicians to maintain and upgrade the infrastructure.Looking ahead, the future of optical communication is likely to involve further miniaturization of components, increased integration with other technologies, and the development of more efficient and cost-effective systems. The potential for quantum communication to revolutionize data security also holds great promise for the future.ConclusionIn conclusion, optical communication has come a long way since its inception and has become an indispensable part of modern society. Its ability to transmit vast amounts of data quickly and reliably has underpinned the digital revolution and continues to shape the way we live and work. As technology advances, optical communication is set to play an even more significant role in connecting the world and enabling new possibilities.References1. Agrawal, G. P. (2012). Fiber-Optic Communication Systems. Wiley.2. Saleh, B. E. A., & Teich, M. C. (2019). Fundamentals of Photonics. Wiley.3. Zhang, J., & Miao, G. (2020). Recent Progress in High-Capacity Optical Communication Systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 58(2), 25-31.4. Smith, P. W. (2018). The Role of Optical Fibers in the Evolution of Telecommunications. IEEE Access, 6, 25762-25769.(Note: This essay is a fictional piece created for the purpose of this task and does not contain actual references.)。
光通信产品介绍英语作文
光通信产品介绍英语作文In the rapidly evolving world of telecommunications, optical communication products have emerged as a cutting-edge technology that is revolutionizing the way we connect. These products utilize the principles of optics to transmit data over long distances with unprecedented speed and efficiency. Optical communication systems are based on the transmission of light signals through optical fibers, which are thin, flexible cables made of glass or plastic. These fibers have the unique ability to carry large amounts of data over vast distances with minimal signal loss, making them ideal for high-speed internet, telecommunications, and other bandwidth-intensive applications.One of the key advantages of optical communication products is their bandwidth capacity. Optical fibers can carry multiple signals simultaneously, enabling the transmission of vast amounts of data at incredibly high speeds. This bandwidth capacity is several orders of magnitude greater than that of traditional copper cables, making optical communication systems the preferred choice for modern networks.Another significant benefit of optical communication products is their resistance to electromagnetic interference. Unlike copper cables, optical fibers are not affected by electromagnetic noise, which means that data transmission is more reliable and secure. This is particularly important in environments where there is a lot of electromagnetic activity, such as in industrial settings or around power lines.Optical communication products also offer flexibility and scalability. Optical fibers can be easily installed and modified to meet the changing needs of networks. Additionally, optical communication systems can be easily expanded to accommodate more users and devices without the need for significant infrastructure upgrades.In terms of applications, optical communication products are used in a wide range of industries, including telecommunications, data centers, healthcare, and transportation. In telecommunications, optical fibers are used to transmit voice and data signals between cities and countries, enabling global connectivity. In data centers, optical communication systems provide the backbone forhigh-speed internet and cloud computing services. In healthcare, optical fibers are used for remote patient monitoring, image transmission, and surgical procedures. And in transportation, optical communication products enable real-time traffic monitoring, smart traffic management systems, and connected vehicles.Despite their many advantages, optical communication products also face some challenges. One of the main challenges is the cost of deployment and maintenance. Optical fibers are more expensive than copper cables, and the installation process requires specialized equipment and skilled labor. Additionally, optical communication systems require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance. Despite these challenges, the future of optical communication products looks bright. With the increasing demand for high-speed, bandwidth-intensive applications, optical communication systems are becoming increasingly important. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more efficient and cost-effective optical communication products in the future, further革命izing the way we connect and communicate.**光通信产品：革新我们的连接方式**在电信领域快速演变的世界中，光通信产品作为一种尖端技术，正在革新我们的连接方式。
自由空间光通信技术的发展现状与未来趋势
自由空间光通信技术的发展现状与未来趋势自由空间光通信（Free-Space Optical Columniation，简称FSO）是一种通过激光在大气信道中实现点对点、点对多点或多点对多点间语音、数据、图像信息的双向通信技术，介绍了自由空间光通信的国内外研究现状，分析了应用现状和未来发展趋势。
标签：自由空间；光通信技术；现状；趋势1 自由空间光通信的研究现状1.1 基于光电探测器直接耦合的FSO系统早在30多年前，自由空间光通信曾掀起了研究的热潮，但当时的器件技术、系统技术和大气信道光传输特性本身的不稳定性等诸多客观因素却阻碍了它的进一步发展。
与此同时，随着光纤制作技术、半导体器件技术、光通信系统技术的不断完善和成熟，光纤通信在20世纪80年代掀起了热潮，自由空间光通信一度陷入低谷。
然而，随着骨干网的基本建成以及最后一公里问题的出现，以及近年来大功率半导体激光器技术、自适应变焦技术、光学天线的设计制作及安装校准技术的发展和成熟，自由空间光通信的研究重新得到重视。
在国外，FSO系统主要在美英等经济和技术发达的国家生产和使用。
到目前为止，FSO己被多家电信运营商应用于商业服务网络，比较典型的有Terabeam 和Airfiber公司。
在悉尼奥运会上，Terabeam公司成功地使用FSO设备进行图像传送，并在西雅图的四季饭店成功地实现了利用FSO设备向客户提供10OMb/s 的数据连接。
该公司还计划4年内在全美建设100个FSO城市网络。
而Airfiber 公司则在美国波士顿地区将FSO通信网与光纤网（SONET）通过光节点连接在一起，完成了该地区整个光网络的建设。
目前商用的FSO系统（见图1）通常采用光源直接输出、光电探测器直接耦合的方式，这种系统有以下几点缺点：（l）半导体激光器出射光束在水平方向和垂直方向的发散角不同，且出射光斑较粗，因此我们需要先将出射光束整形为圆高斯光束再准直扩束后发射，这样发射端的光学系统就较为复杂，体积也会相应增大。
自由空间光通信标准
自由空间光通信标准
自由空间光通信（FSO）是一种采用激光器生成的光束，通过空气从一台设备到另一台设备发送宽带数据、语音和视频的通信方式。
在考虑
到当地气象的条件以后，光无线系统一般可得到99.9%的可用性。
FSO通信系统需要精密、可靠、高增益的收、发天线，来完成系统的双向互逆跟踪。
通常，光通信系统均采用收、发合一天线，隔离度近100%的精密光机组件。
由于半导体激光器光束质量一般较差，要求天线增
益要高，另外，为适应空间系统，天线（包括主副镜、合束、分束滤
光片等光学元件）总体结构要紧凑、轻巧、稳定可靠。
国际上现有系
统的天线口径一般为几厘米至25厘米。
此外，快速、精确的捕获、跟踪和瞄准（ATP）技术也是保证实现空间远距离光通信的必要核心技术。
精跟踪要求视场角为几百μrad，跟踪精度为几μrad，跟踪灵敏度大约为几nW。
光通信产品介绍英语作文
Optical Communication Products:Revolutionizing the Way We ConnectIn today's world, the backbone of our digital societyis the rapid and reliable transmission of data. Optical communication products, at the forefront of this revolution, have transformed the way we connect, communicate, and share information. These cutting-edge devices utilize the speed and bandwidth of light to enable seamless connectivity across vast distances, revolutionizing the telecommunications industry.Optical fibers, the core component of optical communication systems, are thin strands of glass or plastic capable of carrying information as light pulses. Thesefibers are capable of transmitting data at speeds far surpassing traditional copper cables, with the potential to carry multiple signals simultaneously. This high bandwidth capacity allows for the seamless transmission of voice, video, and data traffic, essential for today's connected world.Optical communication products also boast exceptional reliability. The durability of optical fibers and theirresistance to electromagnetic interference makes them ideal for use in a wide range of environments, from dense urban areas to remote locations. This reliability ensures that critical infrastructure such as healthcare, finance, and government services can rely on consistent and secure connectivity.Moreover, optical communication products are highly scalable. As demand for bandwidth continues to grow,optical systems can be easily upgraded to meet these demands. This scalability ensures that optical communication solutions can adapt to the evolving needs of modern society, supporting the continued growth and development of our digital world.In addition to their speed, reliability, and scalability, optical communication products also offer environmental benefits. Their efficient use of energy and reduced carbon emissions compared to traditional copper cables makes them a sustainable choice for the telecommunications industry. As we face the challenges of climate change, the adoption of optical communicationproducts is crucial for reducing the environmental impactof our digital infrastructure.In conclusion, optical communication products are essential for powering our connected world. Their speed, reliability, scalability, and environmental sustainability have revolutionized the telecommunications industry, enabling seamless connectivity and communication across the globe. As we look towards the future, optical communication products will continue to play a pivotal role in shapingthe way we connect, communicate, and share information.**光通信产品：重塑我们的连接方式**在当今社会，我们数字社会的支柱是快速而可靠的数据传输。
一种基于FSO的高速光通信系统性能研究
一种基于FSO的高速光通信系统性能研究近年来，由于信息化发展的高速度，人类对网络和通信速度的需求有一定增长。
在众多的通信技术中，光通信是一项非常先进并且被广泛应用的新技术。
其中，基于自由空间光通信（Free Space Optical Communication，FSO）的高速光通信系统现在越来越受到科学领域的关注。
因此，本文旨在对这种高速光通信系统进行进一步研究和探讨，分析其性能等基本特性。
一、FSO高速光通信系统的基本原理FSO是一种基于光的无线广域网通信技术，其核心思想是将信息通过光被自由空间传递，以实现高速数据传输的目的。
FSO通常使用红外光（IR）或无线电波中的可见光段，从而为用户提供清晰的、高速的、无线的通信服务。
因此，FSO通信系统主要由三个部分构成：光发射端，自由空间（FS）和光接收端，这三个部分相关技术的细节和应用对于FSO通信系统的性能具有至关重要的作用。
二、FSO高速光通信系统的性能研究FSO高速光通信系统是一项复杂的技术，在设计和开发过程中需要考虑众多因素，如传输率、发射功率、传输路程等。
为此，对于FSO高速光通信系统的性能进行深入研究，以更好地了解其基本特性，有助于我们更好地评估FSO高速光通信系统在未来的技术发展中的应用性。
1.传输速率传输速率是FSO高速光通信系统性能的重要指标，它表示了系统传递信息的能力。
普通光纤通常能达到的信息传输速度大约是1Gb/s，但是，在FSO高速光通信系统中，这一数据传输速率可能会更快，大约可以达到10Gb/s或更高的速度。
因此，尽管FSO高速光通信系统的传输速率比传统光纤高，但是，由于气象、雾、大气颗粒等外部因素的影响，FSO高速光通信系统与其他光通信技术一样也有许多困难。
2.发射功率在FSO高速光通信系统中，发射功率与传输路程和传输信号之间的关系密不可分，是另一个重要因素。
发射功率代表了使用的光源的强度和发射功率。
为了更好地传输信号，FSO通常使用激光发射器，因为它们在大气环境中很稳定，并且可以更好地达到高信号带宽。
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2. Principle
universal turntable unipod
tripod
Ultraviolet NLOS communication
3. Application
3.1 Domestic application
Number 1 2 3 Time(year) 1999 2005 2008 Rate(Mb /s) 8 155 2500 Range(km) 4 10 2
3. Application
3.2 Application in the USA unmanned system
In the roadmap, they discussed the advantage of optical communication system in unmanned system. Optical routers will be more practical when they employ unmanned high-flying vehicles like the Global Hawk, Boeing’s Phantom Eye, and the X-37B. LOS optical links have successfully been demonstrated at link ranges in excess of 50 km. Applications could apply to fixed locations and in air-to-air and ship-to-ship scenarios. Theoretical estimates indicate that air-to-ground links are feasible at rates up to 100 Mbit/s for link slant ranges up to 100 km, depending on atmospheric conditions. Due to the extreme narrow beamwidth of such systems, maintaining pointing accuracy to and from a moving unmanned system will be a major challenge (>2020).
ultraviolet and visible light communication
4
2. Principle
optical antenna optical transceiver atmosphere laser optical antenna optical transceiver
In the transmitter, the laser which is modulated by electrical signal is launched out by the lens(透镜) of optical antenna. After the transel, the laser arrives at optical receiver. Laser detector that has high sensitivity will change the optical signals into electrical signals.
1. Overview
What is FSO? Optical Communication is divided into optical fiber( 光 纤 ) communication and wireless optical communications. Free Space Optics(FSO) is a communication method whose information carrier is laser(激光) and whose information channel is atmosphere. It can transmit speech, data, image and so on. As a kind of wireless optical communications, FSO is a coalition( 结 合 ) of fiber and electromagnetic communication, a supplement( 补 充 ) of wired communication technology.
3. Application
In a university of Beijing, the FIBERLESS-2500 equipment is used to connect teaching building and central laboratory for data transmission. Communication range is up to 1.5 km.
3. Application
A recently completed DARPA program, Free Space Optical Experimental Network Experiment, employed a hybrid optical/RF communication technology. Type air to air air to ground Rate(Gbps) 3 to 6 3 to 9 Range(km) >200 >130
FSO is a line-of-sight(LOS) communication method. The system will work normally if there is no barrier between the transmitter and receiver, and the optical power is enough. dust barrier turbulence
4. Conclusion
After analyzing the new version of unmanned systems integrated roadmap comprehensively, combining with current development situation of the unmanned system both at home and abroad, measurement, control and information transmission technology of the future is developing from the platform to networking combat mission. In 2030, unmanned system needs 500 Mbps data rate(line-of-sight) at least. The key technology of information transmission in the unmanned system is improving data transmission rate. This is what FSO and optical communication need to do.
In 2009, the 2.5G FSO communication system was firstly equipped in the army.
3. Application
In an airfield located in the southwest, the FIBERLESS-100 equipment is used to connect the center monitoring room and navigation console at rates up to 100Mbps. It can transmit video and data signals. Communication range is up to 5 km.
2. Principle
Capacity
Confidentiality
Characteristics
Convenience
Flexibility
2. Principle
2. Principle
What is ATP?
It means Acquisition, Tracking and Pointing. It is one of the FSO key technologies which is used to aim the light beam of two sides. The ATP system includes coarse and fine tracking systems.
A set of FSO equipment is equal to a pair of optical fiber in practical use.
FSO visible spectrum
400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm
Near Infrared
850 nm 1310 nm 1550 nm