英语音标知识点总结

英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）辅音（28个）英语音标及字母组合对照一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a 在开音节中[ei] n a me pl a ne J a neb a byc a ke 1-01 在闭音节中[æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02e 在开音节中[i:] he these me Chinese 1-03 在闭音节中[e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04i 在开音节中[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05 在闭音节中[i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06o 在开音节中[ou] those close go hoe home no 1-07 在闭音节中[] clock not box shop sock 1-08u 在开音节中[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09 在闭音节中[] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：J u ne bl u e r u ler s u per 1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a [] Chin a a nother wom a n breakf a st 2-01 [i] or a nge comr a de vill a ge cabb a ge 2-02e [] hundr e d stud e nt op e n week e nd 2-03 [i] chick e n pock e t b e gin childr e n 2-04i []/[i] hol i day beaut i ful fam i ly an i mal 2-05 [ai] exerc i se satell i te 2-06o[] sec o nd t o night someb o dy welc o me 2-07 [u] als o zer o phot o2-08u[] aut u mn diffc u lt 2-09 [ju:] pop u lar congrat u lation Jan u ary 2-101 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：oper a te2 u处在开音节位置，2-11又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：J u ly infl u ence Febr u ary iss u e 2-12在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面[] want what watch wash quality 3-01 a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father 3-02 i在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light high 3-03 o在-st -ld前[ou] most postcard old cold 3-04 o在m n v th前[] come monkey love mother 3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号arar在[w]音后面[α:] car farm dark sharpener 4-01 [:] warm quarter towards 4-02oror在[w]音后面[:] forty morning short 4-03 [:] word worker worse 4-04er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。

例如：carry sorry hurry4-06 -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 4-07 元音字组读音例词编号are [ε] care dare hare 5-01ere [i] here mere 5-02 ire [ai] fire hire wire 5-03 ore [:] more score before 5-04 ure [ju] pure cure 5-05 are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure 5-06 重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。

例如：par e nt zer o stor y dur i ng inspir i ng5-07 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如：orange very American paragraph 5-08元音字组读音例词编号ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play 6-01air [ε] air hair chair pair repair 6-02alal在f m前[] sm al l b al l t al k w al l al l 6-03 [:l] always also salt almost 6-04 [α:] half calm 6-05au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06ea [i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07 [e] heavy bread sweater weather 6-08 [ei] br ea k gr ea t 6-09ear[i] h ear d ear n ear cl ear y ear6-10 [ε] b ear p ear w ear sw ear6-11 [:] ear th l ear n ear ly 6-12ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13 eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6-15 [i:] either k ey6-16eu/ew在j l r s后[ju:] new few newspaper 6-17 [u:] fl ew br ew j ew elry 6-18ie/ei[s]音之后[i:] piece field receive 6-19 oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-20 oar/oor [:] r oar b oar d d oor fl oor6-21 oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6-22oo [u:] broom food tooth school 6-23 [u] book look cook foot good 6-24ou/ow [au] flower house count down 6-25 [ou] kn ow r ow thr ow th ou gh 6-26 [] young country enough 6-27 [u:] gr ou p y ou s ou p 6-28our[:] c our se y our f our6-29 [au] our h our our s 6-30 [:] j our ney 6-31ui在j l r s后[ju:i] fl ui d s ui cide t ui tion 6-32 [u:] j ui ce fr ui t s ui t 6-33七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词编号ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sund ay for ei gn monk ey7-01 ow [ou] yell ow sparr ow tomorr ow7-02 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。

例如:neighb our seri ou s fam ou s bisc ui t coff ee7-03 -sion -tion [n] impres sion na tion7-04 -sion在元音字母后[n] vi sion deci sion occa sion7-05 -tion在s后[n] que s tion sugge s tion7-06 -sten [sn] li sten7-07-stle [sl] whi stle7-08-sure [] plea sure mea sure7-09-ture [] pic ture cul ture7-10八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如：everyd ay[ei] handb a g[æ]blackb oar d[:]8-01有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。

其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：sun太阳+ d ay[ei]日子＞Sund ay[i] 星期天holy神圣+ d ay[ei]日子＞holid ay[i] 假日break中断+ f a st[α:]斋戒＞breakf a st[] 早餐cup茶杯+ b oar d木板[:] ＞cupb oar d[] 碗柜8-02九、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词编号b [b] b ike b us b ag 9-01 [/] bomb tomb9-02cc在e前或在i/y前[k] c ake pi c ture c oat musi c9-03 [s] fa c e de c ide c inema 9-04ch[] mu ch ch ick ri ch tea ch er 9-05 [k] s ch ool heada ch e ch emistry 9-06 [] ma ch ine Ch icago 9-07-ck [k] co ck po ck et bla ck kno ck9-08 d [d] d octor brea d han d d ay 9-09 -dge [] bri dge fri dge9-10 dr- [dr] chil dr en dr iver dr ink 9-11 f [f] f ive f our break f ast 9-12gg在e i/y前[] ba g g ardon g o 9-13 [] oran g e lar g e G erman 9-14gh [f] cou gh enou gh9-15 [/] li gh t dau gh ter hi gh9-16gu- -guegu在非重读音节中[] gu ess lea gue dialo gue9-17 [w] lan gu age an gu ish 9-18h [h] h ot h ead h ouse h and 9-19 [/] hour honest 9-20j [] j eep j ar j oke j oin J uly 9-21 k [k] k ind bi k e s k ate ma k e wee k9-22 kn- [n] k nife k now k nock 9-23 l [l] l ife mi l k schoo l tal l9-24 m [m] m onkey co m e autu m n 9-25 -mn [m] autu mn colu mn sole mn9-26nn在[k] [g]音前[n] n ot shi n e te n n ote 9-27 [] u n cle tha n k hu n gry 9-28-ng [] morni ng you ng wro ng9-29p [p] p a p er p lane p ig shi p p en 9-30 ph [f] ele ph ant ph oto tele ph one 9-31q [k] Ira q9-32 qu- [kw] qu ality qu ite 9-33r [r] r ed r ubber r uler 9-34 s在词首或清辅音前[s] s it s leep de s k 9-35元音字母间或浊辅音前[z] mu s ic hu s band 9-36sc- [sk] sc arlet 9-37 [s] mu sc le sc ience 9-38sh [] sh e fi sh sh irt wa sh9-39t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前[t] t en le t ter mee t9-40 [] pa t ient na t ion 9-41tch [] wa tch9-42th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the -ther中[θ] th in th irty me th od 9-43 [] th e th ese wi th th an 9-44 [] clo th e fa th er wea th er 9-45tr- [tr] tr ee tr ain coun tr y tr uck 9-46 v [v] v ery v oice lo v e lea v e 9-47w [w] w eek w in w ake s w eet w ait 9-48 [/] ans w er t w o 9-49wh-wh-在字母o前[w] wh at wh en wh ite wh y 9-50 [h] wh o wh ose wh ole 9-51x在重读元音前[ks] bo x te x t e x ercise 9-52 [gz] e x amle e x ist e x act 9-53wr- [r] wr ite 9-54y- [j] y es y ard y ellow y oung 9-55z [z] puz z le z ero z oo 9-56十、英语语音名词解释1．音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。