感恩节来源(全英文版)

Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is an annual one-day holiday to give thanks for the things one has at the end of the harvest season. In the United States, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of celebrated on the second Monday in October.
•
Today, are only two references to the fall or There our Thanksgiving is the fourth Thursday harvest celebration that we know today Franklin D. of November. This was set by President as the "First Thanksgiving." It is not known exactly in the event Roosevelt in 1939 (approved by Congress when1941), occurred, but it was between September 21or 22 when a who changed it from Abraham Lincoln's designation and group of Plymouth men returned from Massachusetts, as the last Thursday in the ship Fortune could November 9, 1621, when November (which arrived. "Mourt" refers to the name "G. Mourt" who signed occasionally end up being the fifth Thursday and the dedication at the Christmas for businesses). thought hence too close to beginning of the book. It isBut that this was George Morton, who arrived on the Anne the 1623. The tradition of the Pilgrims'at some in Pilgrims' first Thanksgiving began first unknown date between September 21 and November 9, Thanksgiving is steeped in myth and legend. Few people realize that the Pilgrims did not The date most likely in very early October. celebrate of Thanksgiving was probably set by Lincoln thereafter, Thanksgiving the next year, or any year to though some of their descendants later made a somewhat correlate with the anchoring of the December "Forefather's Day" that usually occurred on Mayflower at Cape Cod, which occurred on George 21 or 22. Several Presidents, including November oneWashington, our one-time Thanksgiving holidays. In calendar---it 21, 1620 (by made modern Gregorian calendar--it 1827, Mrs. Sarahto the Pilgrims who used the several Josepha Hale began lobbying was November 11 Presidents for the instatement of Thanksgiving as a Julian calendar). but her lobbying was unsuccessful national holiday, There are only two contemporary accounts it until 1863 when Abraham Lincoln finally madeof a national holiday with First is Edward Winslow's the 1621 Thanksgiving: his 1863 Thanksgiving Proclamation. account, which he wrote in a letter dated December 12, 1621. The complete letter was first published in 1622, and is chapter 6 of Mourt's Relation: A Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth
Arrival and Exploration •A shallop -- a small coastal craft -- had A been stowed below decks in sections. The pieces of the shallop sighted land • The Mayflower were unshipped and brought November 9, 1620. together. This on ashore to be put It proved took to be Cape Cod, While the Pilgrims 16 or 17 days. which although were the right latitude, was well waiting for the shallop to be reassembled, their original men set out on east of sixteen armed November 15 underat the mouth of the destination the command of Captain MylesHudson River. explore the immediate Standish to However, an area.encounter the following day The explorers saw some Native Americans the shoals which lie unable to with from afar, but were off catchthe outer them. Theywell as the a up with Cape, as discovered buried cache of Indian cornpersuaded lateness of the year, and a kettle, whichthem to remain in the for the they took (but paid Cape area. followingMayflower came to anchor of a The June), and the remains in fortification. As the wandered William what is today Provincetown Bradford wason November the noose of a deer harbor caught in 11, after 66 trap.days at sea. That day the which 34 men A second expedition, in male took passengers signed the famous part, used the shallop to proceed further along the now know as the found agreement we inner Cape. They many "Mayflower Compact." population which signs of the native While the had fled at their approach,the Mayflower remained in more corn and the burial of athe tip of man. Cod, harbor at European Cape the people went ashore to shake off the months of travel, to wash their linen and to explore what they perceived to be a
• The colonists had observed Native Americans near the settlement in February, but it wasn't until Friday, March 16, that the two peoples actually met. It was then that the famous encounter occurred when Samoset, an Abenaki Sagamore from what is now Maine, and another man entered the little village and said "Welcome, Englishmen." Samoset had learned English from the English fishermen who crossed the North Atlantic each year to fish for cod. He told the Pilgrims of the great plague which had killed all of the Patuxet people who had previously occupied the cleared farmland where the new colony sat, and of the illfeeling the local Native Americans had towards the English following some kidnapping by Thomas Hunt, an English captain who had visited the area a few years before. During Samoset's visit, the colonists were busy planting their garden seeds. On March 22nd, Samoset returned with another Native American, Squanto, who was one of the men who had been captured by Hunt. celebrated in North America by foreigners ( see Although there were other "thanksgivings" His adventures abroad, from slavery in Thanksgiving ) tothe feast that took place in Plymouth in August of alternative claims to the first Spain, escape , London and return to America as a guide in the employ of 1621 is the one our modern celebration is most closely aligned with. After arriving in Plymouth in Sir Ferdinando Gorges, had taught him well about the ways1620, the Pilgrims had endured Tisquantum, became of the Europeans. Squanto, or hardships but had managed to survive, in a large part due to the help the little colony's chief interpreter and agent in their to fish, grow corn, and farm the land. At the end of Squanto, an Indian who taught the Pilgrims how interaction with the Native Peoples. His arrival pavedfeast" celebrating the fruits of their farming of their first year, the Puritans held a "harvest the way for a visitation by Massasoit, the regional leader efforts. The feast honored Squanto After an among the native people, the Wampanoag.and their friends, the Wampanoag Indians. The feast was followed by three days of "thanksgiving" celebrating exchange of greetings and gifts, the two peoples signed a their good fortune. treaty of peace which would last over fifty years.