2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷2(答案)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试卷和答案解析湖南卷语文

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)语文1. 梦想是一个民族保持生机、激发活力的源泉。
没有梦想的民族是可悲的,对美好梦想没有和矢志不渝精神的民族同样没有前途。
,坚韧不拔是中华民族固有的精神基因。
回望历史,面对列强的坚船利炮,中华民族奋起抗争;面对新中国成立之初的,中国人民;面对现代化征程中的困难与挑战,中华儿女怀揣中国梦。
一路高歌前行。
梦想的太阳,已经在东方地平线上喷薄而出,灿烂的朝霞正在光耀在我们的眼前……下列选项对语段主要运用的修辞手法的判断,正确的一组是()A. 比喻排比B. 对偶比喻C. 排比夸张D. 夸张对偶2. 说着,进入石洞来,只见佳木茏葱,奇花熌灼.,一带清流,从花木深处曲.折泻于石隙之下。
,皆隐于山坳.树影之间。
俯而视之,则清溪泻雪,石磴.穿云,白石为栏,环抱为沿,石桥三港,兽面衔吐。
桥上有亭。
下列语句填入语段中划横线处,衔接最恰当的一项是()A. 再进数步,渐向北边,两边飞楼插空,平坦宽豁,雕甍绣槛B. 渐向北边,再进数步,雕甍绣槛,两边飞楼插空,平坦宽豁C. 再进数步,渐向北边,平坦宽豁,两边飞楼插空,雕甍绣槛D. 渐向北边,雕甍绣槛,再进数步,平坦宽豁,两边飞楼插空3. 阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题。
《三事忠告》二则张养浩治官如治家治官如治家,古人尝有是训.矣。
盖一家之事,无缓急巨细,皆所当知;有所不知,则有所不治也。
况牧.民之长,百责所丛,若庠序,若传置,若仓廥,若囹圄,若沟洫,若桥障,凡所司者甚众也。
相.时度力,弊者葺之,污者洁之,堙者疏之,缺者补之,旧所无有者经营之。
若曰彼之不修何预我事瞬夕代去自苦奚为此念一萌则庶务皆堕矣。
前辈谓:公家之务,一毫不尽其心,即为苟禄,获罪于天。
禁家人侵渔居官所以不能清白者,率由家人喜奢好侈使然也。
中既不给,其势必当取于人,或营利以侵民,或因讼而纳贿,或名假贷,或托姻属,宴馈征逐,通室无禁,以致动相掣肘,威无所施。
己虽日昌,民则日瘁,己虽日欢,民则日怨。
2015年_全国II卷英语(原卷+答案)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一卷英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项:1. 答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上,否则无效。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15B. £9.18C. £9.15答案是C。
1.What time is it now?A. 9:10B. 9:50C. 10:002.What does the woman think of the weather?A. It’s niceB. It’s warmC. It’s cold3.What will the man do?A. Attend a meetingB. Give a lectureC. Leave his office4.What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hardB. Worth takingC. Very easy5. What does the woman want the man to do ?A. Speak louder.B. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2015高考化学全国卷二(高清+答案)

2015⾼考化学全国卷⼆(⾼清+答案)2015年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试理科综合能⼒测试(化学部分)7.⾷品⼲操剂应⽆毒、⽆味、⽆腐蚀性及环境友好。
下列说法错误的是 A.硅胶可⽤作⾷品⼲操剂 B.P 2O 5不可⽤作⾷品⼲操剂C.六⽔氯化钙可⽤作⾷品⼲燥剂 C.加⼯后具有吸⽔性的植物纤维可⽤作⾷品⼲燥剂 8.某羧酸酯的分⼦式为C 18H 26O5,1mol 该酯完全⽔解可得到1mol 羧酸和2mol ⼄醇,该羧酸的分⼦式为 A.C 14H 18O 5 B.C 14H 16O 4 C.C 16H 22O 5D.C 16H 20O 59.原⼦序数依次增⼤的元素a 、b 、c 、d ,它们的最外层电⼦数分别为1、6、7、1。
a -的电⼦层结构与氦相同,b 和c 的次外层有8个电⼦,c -和d +的电⼦层结构相同。
下列叙述错误的是A.元素的⾮⾦属性次序为c>b>aB.a 和其他3种元素均能形成共价化合物C.d 和其他3种元素均能形成离⼦化合物D.元素a 、b 、c 各⾃最⾼和最低化合价的代数和分别为0、4、6 10. N A 代表阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列叙述正确的是 A .60g 丙醇中存在的共价键总数为10 N AB .1L0.1mol ?L -1 的NaHCO 3溶液中HCO -3 和CO 2-3 的离⼦数之和为0.1N AC .钠在空⽓中燃烧可⽣成多种氧化物。
23g 钠充分燃烧时转移电⼦数为1 N AD .235g 核素U 23592发⽣裂变反应:nU 1023592+裂变n 10Xe Sr 10136549038++,净产⽣的中⼦(n 10)数为10 N A11.分⼦式为C 5H 10O 2并能饱和NaHCO 3溶液反应放出⽓体的有机物有(不含⽴体结构) A.3种 B.4种 C.5种 D.6种12. 海⽔开发利⽤的部分过程如图所⽰。
下列说法错误的是 A .向苦卤中通⼊Cl 2 是为了提取溴 B .粗盐可采⽤除杂和重结晶等过程提纯 C .⼯业⽣产中常选⽤NaOH 作为沉淀剂D .富集溴⼀般先⽤空⽓和⽔蒸⽓吹出单质溴,再⽤SO 2将其还原吸收13.⽤右图所⽰装置进⾏下列实验:将①中溶液滴⼊②中,预测的现象与实际相符的是26.(14分)酸性锌锰⼲电池是⼀种⼀次性电池,外壳为⾦属锌,中间是碳棒,其周围是有碳粉、MnO 2、ZnCl 2和NH 4Cl 等组成的糊状填充物。
(精修版)2015年高考全国卷II(新课标)英语试题及答案解析

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(课标卷II)第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
AMy color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seven-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradully, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise ,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.1. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.2. Which of the followi ng can best replace the phrase”signed off”in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies3. How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A. By shaking and hitting it.B. By turning it on and off.C. By switching channels.D. By having it repaired.4. How does the anthor sound when telling the story?A. CuriousB. AnxiousC. CautiousD. HumorousBYour house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you designyour home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating , for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food . If your home d oesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study , people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room . Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing , while cold colors make us feel less hungry . So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock-or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishs. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one ,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.5. The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.A. their home comfortsB. their body shapeC. house buyingD. healthy diets6. A home environment in blue can help people_________.A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites7. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A. Eat quickly.B. Play fast music.C. Use smaller spoons.D. Turn down the lights.8. What can be a suitable title for the test?A.Is Your Hourse Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?CMore student than ever cefore are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hadship –young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to £15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.9. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is a time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.10. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities11. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He's puzzled.B. He's worried.C. He's surprised.D. He's annoyed.12. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C. Earn money for their education.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.DChoose Your One-Day Tours!Tour A-Bath & Stonchenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge-£37until 26 March and £39 thereafter.Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey,the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum.Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.Tour B-Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house-£32until 12 March and -£36 thereafter.Oxford:Includes a guided of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)”form St Mary’s Church Tower.Stratford:Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder. Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace-£34 until 11 March and -£37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Vill’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrace fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!Tour D-Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great-£33 until 18 March and £37 thereafter.Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.13. Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?A.Tour AB.Tour BC.Tour CD.Tour D14. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.B.Oxford & StratfordC. Bath &Stonehenge.D. Cambridge.15. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?A.It used to be the home of royal families.B.It used to be a well-known mazeC.It is the oldest palace in BritainD.It is a world-famous castle.第二节(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2015年高考理综全国卷2(含详细答案)

-------------绝密★启用前 2.端粒酶由RNA和蛋白质组成,该酶能结合到端粒上,以自身的RNA为模板合成端粒_ _ _ _ _ _ _号证考准_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _名姓2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷2)在--------------------理科综合能力测试使用地区:宁夏、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、新疆、云南、蒙内古、青海、贵州、甘肃、广西、西藏此本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共40题,共300分,--------------------共16页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
2.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1C—12N—14O—16F—19 Na—23Al—27P—31S—32Cl—35.5Ca—40Fe—56Zn—65 Br—80答第Ⅰ卷(选择题共126分)--------------------一、选择题(本题共13小题,每小题6分,共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.将三组生理状态相同的某植物幼根分别培养在含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶中,一段--------------------时间后,测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量。
培养条件及实验结果见下表:培养瓶中气体温度(℃)离子相对吸收量(%)空气17100氮气1710无空气 3 28下列分析正确的是()A.有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收DNA的一条链。
2015全国二卷 高考语文试题及答案--完整版

2015年高考真题及答案——语文(青海、西藏、甘肃、贵州、内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、吉林、黑龙江、云南、海南、广西)新课标I I)2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、主考正好填写在答题卡上。
2.3..本与接受就呈现出一种相互作用的关系:一方面文本在相当程度上规定了接受者理解的范围、方向,让理解朝它的本义靠拢;另一方面,文 =本不可能将接受者完全制约住、规范住,接受者必然会按照自己的方式去理解作品,于是不可避免地就会出现误读或创造,从某种意义上说,理解就是误读,创造也是误读,不要希望所有的接受者都持同样的理解,也不要希望所有的理解都与艺术家的本旨一致.那样并不意味着艺术作品的成功。
文本一经产生就成为历史,它所表达的思想感情、所反映的生活,都只能是过去的,而理解总是现在进行时。
当我们接受历史上的艺术作品时,我们当然可以设身处地想象古人的生活,体验古人的思想感情,但我们毕竞是现代人,只能按照我们现在的心理文化结构去理解古人。
当然,任何理解都只能是个体的理解,但个体毕竞是与群体相通的,所以个体的理解中也有普遍性。
理解作为现实的行为具有通向实践的品格,艺术品正是通过理解走向现实,并在生活中发挥作用的,不是别的,正是理解擦亮了艺术品的生命之光。
(摘编自陈望衡(艺术是什么>)1.下列关于原文内容的表述,不正确的一项是A.在过去,艺术品的接受并不属于美学的研究范围,而当接受美学诞生以后,关于艺术品的接受的研究就成为艺术美学中的一门显学。
B.在接受美学诞生以前,人们一股的认识是:整个创作过程就是艺术家的审美经验不断结晶的过程,艺术品一旦形成,创作也就大功告成。
C.接受美学认为,艺术品在艺术家手中产生出来,这只是艺术创作的第一阶段,读者、观众、听众对艺D2ABCD3A.BCD(一)文言文阅读(19分)阅读下面的文言文,完成4?7题。
2015年高考英语全国卷2-答案

2015普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷2)英语答案解析第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力第一节1.【答案】A【解析】W: What time is your train leaving?M: It leaves at 10.I’ve got 50 minutes left.W: You’d better hurry, or you won’t be able to catch it.2.【答案】C【解析】M: Nice weather we’re having! Don’t you think?W: No, it is too cold.M: I think it is just right.W: I’d prefer a few degrees warmer.3.【答案】A【解析】M: Now, let’s stop talking and get going. I need to be in my office in 15minutes. Or I’ll be late for a meeting. W: OK. Bye!4.【答案】B【解析】M: This course is really difficult.W: I don’t think it’s all that bad. And we’ll benefit a lot from it.M: So you’re taking it, too.W: That’s true.5.【答案】C【解析】W: Could you turn that off? I can’t hear myself think!M: What?W: The radio.M: Oh, sorry.第二节6.【答案】B7.【答案】A【解析】W: Hi, Michael! I heard you just came back from a holiday?M: Yes. I stayed for a week in China and 5days in India.W: You do travel a lot, don’t you? Last year, you went to Norway, right?M: Well, I’ve been to quite some countries, but not yet to Norway. Last summer, I toured Russia for two weeks.8.【答案】B9.【答案】C【解析】M: Sally, do you like seafood?W: Yes, of course.M: Is there anything you especially like?W: Well, I really don’t know. I can never remember the name.M: Ok. Is there any food you don’t eat?W: Well, I don’t eat chicken, and I don’t like eggs, either. But I like all kinds of fish and vegetable.M: Then, let’s look at the menu, and see what they’ve got for us.10.【答案】B11.【答案】A12.【答案】B【解析】M: You look pale, Stephanie! What’s wrong?W: I don’t feel good. I have a bad headache. In fact, I haven’t got much sleep this past week, and I feel really tired. M: Why don’t you go to see a doctor? W: Yeah, I think I should. But I have a report to do tomorrow. Ms. Jenkins means it for the board meeting next Monday.M: Well, it’s Wednesday today. Why don’t you talk to Ms. Jenkins and ask if you can hand it in on Friday morning? W: Maybe I should try. I guess I just need a good sleep. Thanks, Gorge.M: If you need any help for the report, just let me know.13.【答案】C14.【答案】A15.【答案】B16.【答案】C【解析】W: Anything interesting in the paper today, dear?M: Well, yeah. There are a few here that might interest us. Here is one for just four hundred dollars. It only has one bedroom, but it sounds nice, near Lake Street.W: Yeah, let me see what the cheapest two-bedroom apartment is. Oh, here is one on Market Street. It’s a real bargain. Only 350 dollars. But it doesn’t have any furniture.M: Well, it costs a lot to buy all the furniture.W: Oh, here is another one for just over four hundred dollars. This sounds very interesting. It’s on South Street. That’s a nice area!M: Yes, it’s quiet. Did you say two bedrooms?W: Yes, at 415dollars.M: Why don’t we go and have a look?W: OK, I’ll give them a call.17.【答案】B18.【答案】A19.【答案】A20.【答案】C【解析】Look at this picture. It’s the London Tea Trade center. As you can see, it is on the North Bank of the River Thames. It is the center of an important industry in the everyday life of the British people. Tea is the British national drink. Every man, woman and child over ten years of age, has an average over four cups a day, or someone thousand five hundred cups annually. About 30 percent of the world’s export of tea makes its way to London. And Britain is by far the largest importer of tea in the world.Now in the second picture, you can see how tea is tasted in the Tea Trade Centre before it is sold. Here, different types of tea are tasted by skilled tea-tasters before they are sold at each week’s tea sale. It’s amazing to see them at work! Over a hundred kinds of tea are laid out in a line on a long table. The tasters generally taste tea with milk, since that is how the majority of British people drink their tea. The tasters move down the line with surprising speed, tasting from a spoon and deciding what is a fair price for each tea.第二部分阅读理解第一节21.【答案】C【解析】根据“…newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.”可知,作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗上当了。
2015年高考文综历史全国卷2含答案

绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合·历史(全国Ⅱ卷)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共12个小题,每小题4分,共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.古代儒家学者批评现实政治,往往称颂夏商周“三代”之美,甚至希望君主像尧、舜一样圣明。
这表明了儒者【C】A.不能适应现实政治 B.反对进行社会变革C.理想化的政治诉求 D.以复古为政治目标2.汉宣帝曾称:“与朕共治天下者,其唯良二千石(郡太守)乎!”后来的帝王反复重申上述观念。
这主要体现了【A】A.地方吏治是国家安定的重要因素 B.中央集权与地方分权之间的矛盾C.汉代地方行政制度为后代所沿用 D.历代帝王将汉宣帝作为治国榜样3.唐宋时期,江南经济迅猛发展,南宋时全国经济重心已移至江南。
促成这一转变主要动力之一是【C】A.坊市制度瓦解 B.土地集中加剧C.农业技术进步 D.海外贸易拓展4.明成祖朱棣认为,北京“山川形胜,足以控四夷,制天下”,将都城从南京迁至北京,这一举措客观上【B】A.推动了国家政治统一进程B.促进了跨区域贸易的繁荣C.抑制了区域性商帮的形成D.改变了南北经济文化格局5.奕䜣力倡洋务,又因在兄弟中排行第六,被称为“鬼子六”;洋务派官员丁日昌被称为“丁鬼奴”;郭嵩焘在一片冷嘲热讽中出任第一任驻英公使。
这反映了【A】A.洋务运动与传统的观念发生冲突 B.崇洋媚外行为遭到社会鄙视C.洋务派改器物不改制度受到批评 D.西方列强侵略激起国人抵制6.康有为在《新学伪经考》中认为,被奉为儒家经典的古文经实系伪造。
1891年该书刊印后风行国内,但很快遭到清政府禁毁。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(课标全国卷Ⅱ)一、选择题1.A 因为B={x|(x-1)(x+2)<0}={x|-2<x<1},A={-2,-1,0,1,2},故A∩B={-1,0}.选A.2.B ∵(2+ai)(a -2i)=-4i ⇒4a+(a 2-4)i=-4i, ∴{4a =0,a 2-4=-4,解得a=0. 3.D 由柱形图可知:A 、B 、C 均正确,2006年以来我国二氧化硫年排放量在逐渐减少,所以排放量与年份负相关,∴D 不正确.4.B 设{a n }的公比为q,由a 1=3,a 1+a 3+a 5=21得1+q 2+q 4=7,解得q 2=2(负值舍去).∴a 3+a 5+a 7=a 1q 2+a 3q 2+a 5q 2=(a 1+a 3+a 5)q 2=21×2=42. 5.C ∵-2<1,∴f(-2)=1+log 2[2-(-2)]=3;∵log 212>1, ∴f(log 212)=2log 212-1=2log 26=6.∴f(-2)+f(log 212)=9.6.D 如图,由已知条件可知,截去部分是以△ABC 为底面且三条侧棱两两垂直的正三棱锥D-ABC.设正方体的棱长为a,则截去部分的体积为16a 3,剩余部分的体积为a 3-16a 3=56a 3.它们的体积之比为15.故选D.评析 本题主要考查几何体的三视图和体积的计算,考查空间想象能力. 7.C 设圆心为P(a,b),由点A(1,3),C(1,-7)在圆上,知b=3-72=-2.再由|PA|=|PB|,得a=1.则P(1,-2),|PA|=√(1-1)2+(3+2)2=5,于是圆P 的方程为(x-1)2+(y+2)2=25.令x=0,得y=-2±2√6,则|MN|=|(-2+2√6)-(-2-2√6)|=4√6. 8.B 开始:a=14,b=18, 第一次循环:a=14,b=4; 第二次循环:a=10,b=4; 第三次循环:a=6,b=4; 第四次循环:a=2,b=4;第五次循环:a=2,b=2. 此时,a=b,退出循环,输出a=2.评析 熟悉“更相减损术”对理解框图所确定的算法有帮助. 9.C ∵S △OAB 是定值,且V O-ABC =V C-OAB ,∴当OC⊥平面OAB 时,V C-OAB 最大,即V O-ABC 最大.设球O 的半径为R,则(V O-ABC )max =13×12R 2×R=16R 3=36,∴R=6,∴球O 的表面积S=4πR 2=4π×62=144π.评析 点C 是动点,如果以△ABC 为底面,则底面面积与高都是变量,因此转化成以△OAB 为底面(S △OAB 为定值),这样高越大,体积越大.10.B 当点P 与C 、D 重合时,易求得PA+PB=1+√5;当点P 为DC 的中点时,有OP⊥AB,则x=π2,易求得PA+PB=2PA=2√2.显然1+√5>2√2,故当x=π2时, f(x)没有取到最大值,则C 、D 选项错误.当x∈[0,π4)时, f(x)=tan x+√4+tan 2x ,不是一次函数,排除A,故选B.11.D 设双曲线E 的标准方程为x 2a2-y 2b 2=1(a>0,b>0),则A(-a,0),B(a,0),不妨设点M 在第一象限内,则易得M(2a,√3a),又M 点在双曲线E 上,于是(2a )2a 2-(√3a )2b 2=1,解得b 2=a 2,∴e=√1+b 2a 2=√2. 12.A 令g(x)=f (x )x,则g'(x)=xf '(x )-f (x )x 2,由题意知,当x>0时,g'(x)<0,∴g(x)在(0,+∞)上是减函数.∵f(x)是奇函数, f(-1)=0,∴f(1)=-f(-1)=0, ∴g(1)=f (1)1=0,∴当x∈(0,1)时,g(x)>0,从而f(x)>0; 当x∈(1,+∞)时,g(x)<0,从而f(x)<0. 又∵g(-x)=f (-x )-x=-f (x )-x=f (x )x=g(x),∴g(x)是偶函数,∴当x∈(-∞,-1)时,g(x)<0,从而f(x)>0; 当x∈(-1,0)时,g(x)>0,从而f(x)<0. 综上,所求x 的取值范围是(-∞,-1)∪(0,1).评析 出现xf '(x)+f(x)>0(<0)时,考虑构造函数F(x)=xf(x),出现xf '(x)-f(x)>0(<0)时,考虑构造函数g(x)=f (x )x.二、填空题 13.答案 12解析 由于a,b 不平行,所以可以以a,b 作为一组基底,于是λa+b 与a+2b 平行等价于λ1=12,即λ=12. 14.答案 32解析 作出可行域,如图:由z=x+y 得y=-x+z,当直线y=-x+z 过点A (1,12)时,z 取得最大值,z max =1+12=32. 15.答案 3解析 设f(x)=(a+x)(1+x)4,则其所有项的系数和为f(1)=(a+1)·(1+1)4=(a+1)×16,又奇数次幂项的系数和为12[f(1)-f(-1)],∴12×(a+1)×16=32,∴a=3. 评析 二项展开式问题中,涉及系数和的问题,通常采用赋值法. 16.答案 -1n解析 ∵a n+1=S n+1-S n ,∴S n+1-S n =S n+1S n ,又由a 1=-1,知S n ≠0,∴1S n-1Sn+1=1,∴{1S n}是等差数列,且公差为-1,而1S 1=1a 1=-1,∴1S n=-1+(n-1)×(-1)=-n,∴S n =-1n .三、解答题17.解析 (Ⅰ)S △ABD =12AB·ADsin∠BAD, S △ADC =12AC·ADsin∠CAD.因为S △ABD =2S △ADC ,∠BAD=∠CAD,所以AB=2AC. 由正弦定理可得sin∠B sin∠C =AC AB =12.(Ⅱ)因为S △ABD ∶S △ADC =BD∶DC,所以BD=√2. 在△ABD 和△ADC 中,由余弦定理知AB 2=AD 2+BD 2-2AD·BDcos∠ADB, AC 2=AD 2+DC 2-2AD·DCcos∠ADC. 故AB 2+2AC 2=3AD 2+BD 2+2DC 2=6. 由(Ⅰ)知AB=2AC,所以AC=1.评析 本题考查正弦定理,余弦定理的应用,以及三角形的面积公式.属常规题,中等偏易. 18.解析 (Ⅰ)两地区用户满意度评分的茎叶图如下:A 地区B 地区4 6 8 35 1 36 4 6 4 2 6 2 4 5 5 6 8 8 6 437 3 3 4 6 9 9 2 8 6 518 3 2 1 7 5 5 2 9 1 3通过茎叶图可以看出,A 地区用户满意度评分的平均值高于B 地区用户满意度评分的平均值;A 地区用户满意度评分比较集中,B 地区用户满意度评分比较分散. (Ⅱ)记C A1表示事件:“A 地区用户的满意度等级为满意或非常满意”; C A2表示事件:“A 地区用户的满意度等级为非常满意”; C B1表示事件:“B 地区用户的满意度等级为不满意”; C B2表示事件:“B 地区用户的满意度等级为满意”,则C A1与C B1独立,C A2与C B2独立,C B1与C B2互斥,C=C B1C A1∪C B2C A2. P(C)=P(C B1C A1∪C B2C A2) =P(C B1C A1)+P(C B2C A2) =P(C B1)P(C A1)+P(C B2)P(C A2).由所给数据得C A1,C A2,C B1,C B2发生的频率分别为1620,420,1020,820,故P(C A1)=1620,P(C A2)=420,P(C B1)=1020,P(C B2)=820, P(C)=1020×1620+820×420=0.48.19.解析 (Ⅰ)交线围成的正方形EHGF 如图:(Ⅱ)作EM⊥AB,垂足为M,则AM=A 1E=4,EM=AA 1=8. 因为EHGF 为正方形,所以EH=EF=BC=10. 于是MH=√EH 2-EM 2=6,所以AH=10.以D 为坐标原点,DA ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 的方向为x 轴正方向,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系D-xyz,则A(10,0,0),H(10,10,0),E(10,4,8),F(0,4,8),FE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(10,0,0),HE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(0,-6,8). 设n=(x,y,z)是平面EHGF 的法向量, 则{n ·FE ⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0,n ·HE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0,即{10x =0,-6y +8z =0,所以可取n=(0,4,3).又AF ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(-10,4,8),故|cos<n,AF ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ >|=|n ·AF ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗||n ||AF ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=4√515. 所以AF 与平面EHGF 所成角的正弦值为4√515. 评析 本题背景常规,设问新颖,鼓励动手试验、创新尝试、独立思考.对空间想象力有较高要求.20.解析 (Ⅰ)设直线l:y=kx+b(k≠0,b≠0),A(x 1,y 1),B(x 2,y 2),M(x M ,y M ). 将y=kx+b 代入9x 2+y 2=m 2得(k 2+9)x 2+2kbx+b 2-m 2=0,故 x M =x 1+x 22=-kb k 2+9,y M =kx M +b=9bk 2+9.于是直线OM 的斜率k OM =yM x M=-9k ,即k OM ·k=-9. 所以直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积为定值. (Ⅱ)四边形OAPB 能为平行四边形.因为直线l 过点(m3,m),所以l 不过原点且与C 有两个交点的充要条件是k>0,k≠3. 由(Ⅰ)得OM 的方程为y=-9k x. 设点P 的横坐标为x P .由{y =-9k x ,9x 2+y 2=m 2得x P 2=k 2m29k 2+81,即x P =3√k 2+9.将点(m 3,m)的坐标代入l 的方程得b=m (3-k )3,因此x M =k (k -3)m3(k 2+9).四边形OAPB 为平行四边形当且仅当线段AB 与线段OP 互相平分,即x P =2x M . 于是3√k 2+9=2×k (k -3)m 3(k 2+9),解得k 1=4-√7,k 2=4+√7.因为k i >0,k i ≠3,i=1,2,所以当l 的斜率为4-√7或4+√7时,四边形OAPB 为平行四边形. 评析 本题考查直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系,设问常规,但对运算能力要求较高,考查学生的思维能力.21.解析 (Ⅰ)f '(x)=m(e mx-1)+2x.若m≥0,则当x∈(-∞,0)时,e mx -1≤0, f '(x)<0; 当x∈(0,+∞)时,e mx-1≥0, f '(x)>0. 若m<0,则当x∈(-∞,0)时,e mx-1>0, f '(x)<0; 当x∈(0,+∞)时,e mx-1<0, f '(x)>0.所以, f(x)在(-∞,0)单调递减,在(0,+∞)单调递增.(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知,对任意的m, f(x)在[-1,0]单调递减,在[0,1]单调递增,故f(x)在x=0处取得最小值.所以对于任意x 1,x 2∈[-1,1],|f(x 1)-f(x 2)|≤e -1的充要条件是{f (1)-f (0)≤e -1,f (-1)-f (0)≤e -1, 即{e m -m ≤e -1,e -m +m ≤e -1.① 设函数g(t)=e t-t-e+1,则g'(t)=e t-1.当t<0时,g'(t)<0;当t>0时,g'(t)>0.故g(t)在(-∞,0)单调递减,在(0,+∞)单调递增. 又g(1)=0,g(-1)=e -1+2-e<0,故当t∈[-1,1]时,g(t)≤0. 当m∈[-1,1]时,g(m)≤0,g(-m)≤0,即①式成立; 当m>1时,由g(t)的单调性,g(m)>0,即e m-m>e-1; 当m<-1时,g(-m)>0,即e -m+m>e-1. 综上,m 的取值范围是[-1,1].22.解析 (Ⅰ)由于△ABC 是等腰三角形,AD⊥BC,所以AD 是∠CAB 的平分线. 又因为☉O 分别与AB,AC 相切于点E,F,所以AE=AF, 故AD⊥EF. 从而EF∥BC.(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知,AE=AF,AD⊥EF,故AD 是EF 的垂直平分线.又EF 为☉O 的弦,所以O 在AD 上.连结OE,OM,则OE⊥AE.由AG 等于☉O 的半径得AO=2OE,所以∠OAE=30°. 因此△ABC 和△AEF 都是等边三角形. 因为AE=2√3,所以AO=4,OE=2. 因为OM=OE=2,DM=12MN=√3,所以OD=1. 于是AD=5,AB=10√33. 所以四边形EBCF的面积为12×(10√33)2×√32-12×(2√3)2×√32=16√33. 23.解析 (Ⅰ)曲线C 2的直角坐标方程为x 2+y 2-2y=0,曲线C 3的直角坐标方程为x 2+y 2-2√3x=0.联立{x 2+y 2-2y =0,x 2+y 2-2√3x =0,解得{x =0,y =0,或{x =√32,y =32.所以C 2与C 3交点的直角坐标为(0,0)和(√32,32).(Ⅱ)曲线C 1的极坐标方程为θ=α(ρ∈R,ρ≠0),其中0≤α<π. 因此A 的极坐标为(2sin α,α),B 的极坐标为(2√3cos α,α). 所以|AB|=|2sin α-2√3cos α|=4|sin (α-π3)|.当α=5π6时,|AB|取得最大值,最大值为4.24.解析 (Ⅰ)因为(√a +√b )2=a+b+2√ab ,(√c +√d )2=c+d+2√cd , 由题设a+b=c+d,ab>cd 得(√a +√b )2>(√c +√d )2. 因此√a +√b >√c +√d .(Ⅱ)(i)若|a-b|<|c-d|,则(a-b)2<(c-d)2, 即(a+b)2-4ab<(c+d)2-4cd. 因为a+b=c+d,所以ab>cd. 由(Ⅰ)得√a +√b >√c +√d .(ii)若√a +√b >√c +√d ,则(√a +√b )2>(√c +√d )2,即a+b+2√ab>c+d+2√cd.因为a+b=c+d,所以ab>cd.于是(a-b)2=(a+b)2-4ab<(c+d)2-4cd=(c-d)2.因此|a-b|<|c-d|.综上,√a+√b>√c+√d是|a-b|<|c-d|的充要条件.。