2020-2021高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练∶培优易错试卷篇及答案(1)

一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, "said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood -activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."（1）What do we know about John?A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.B. He had few childhood playmates.C. He received little love from his family.D. He was envied by others in his childhood.（2）Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________.A. a description of personal values and social valuesB. an analysis of how work was related to competenceC. an example for parents' expectations of their childrenD. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men（3）Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________.A. recording the boys' effort in schoolB. evaluating the men's mental healthC. comparing different sets of scoresD. measuring the men's problem solving ability （4）What does the underlined word "sharp" probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to react.B. Having a thin edge.C. Clear and definite.D. Sudden and rapid.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更有成效。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.”他的工作满意度更高，婚姻更美满，身体也更健康。

可知，约翰享受他的事业和婚姻，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"’Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，‘said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.’And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.‘"发现这一现象的心理学家Vaillant说:"在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的成员。

""因为他们对自己感觉良好，别人也对他们感觉良好。

"可推知，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's menta l-health scores with their boyhood -a ctivity scores.”可知Vaillant的研究小组通过比较不同的分数得到了他们的发现，故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.”那些在童年时期参加过最多活动的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失业的不可能性是其他人的16倍。

可知，The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. 的意思是男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的明确。

"sharp"的意思明确，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解Water is a necessity of life. Rain, especially, helps plants grow and stay green. But too much rain, especially in cities, can lead to flooding. That can cause waste water systems to overflow and send pollutants into rivers and other waterways. To fight the problem, several cities in the United States are starting programs like rooftop gardens.A team at the University of the District of Columbia in the nation's capital has created a garden on the top of one school building. The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time. Architect David Bell has designed five "green roofs" for the university. He says he is excited about the project because "it meant doing somethingmore than just dealing with storm water management. It took advantage of a resource above the city and these flat roofs that aren't doing anything really became something that was about urban agriculture." Rainwater is collected in large containers and sent through a system that waters the rooftop garden. The roof is filled with green life that appeals to insects.In cities, "you don't have that many spaces to choose from and so rooftops are just (unused) space," says Caitlin Arlotta. She is a student in the school's Urban Agriculture program. The project is part of a research program to see which plants do well on rooftops. The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. "We also have our own farm experiments," Arlotta said. "Within each of those growing systems, we want to be able to tell people which sorts of these crops grow the best."Sandy Farber Bandier helps run UDC's Master Gardener program. It seeks to improve cities and make them beautiful by training people to become Master Gardeners. She says she's been surprised by the garden's output. "My biggest surprise was that we produced 4, 250 pounds of produce the first year and was able to spread that to people in need." She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. "This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle."（1）What do we know about the rooftop gardens?A. Rooftop gardens are very common in average neighborhoods.B. There are many sorts of plants there which help take in rainwater.C. They're playing an important role in the city's food supply.D. Rooftop gardens are no more than containers to collect rainwater.（2）What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A. Rooftops can offer enough space to plant crops.B. Many plants like strawberries can grow well on rooftops.C. Some university students are participating in the Urban Agriculture program.D. The plants in rooftop gardens are attractive to many insects.（3）How does Sandy Farber Bandier feel about the future of rooftop gardens?A. Confident.B. Doubtful.C. Worried.D. Ambiguous.（4）What is the best title for the text?A. Rainwater Necessity for Plant LifeB. Green Roofs-The Future of Urban AgricultureC. The United States' Agriculture ProgramD. Rooftop Gardens-Food Paradise【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。