财务会计术语

财会术语表AAccelerated methods of depreciation 加速折旧法Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting period会计期间Accounts payable 应付账款Accounts payable turnover 应付账款周转Accounts receivable应收账款Accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转Accrual accounting 权责发生制会计Accruals 应计项目Accrued payables 应付款项Accumulated depreciation累计折旧Activity method 作业方法Activity ratios 作业比率Actuary 精算师,精算Additional paid-in capital 资本公积Aging schedule 账龄分析表Allowance method 备抵法Amortization摊销Analytic review 分析性复核Annual report年报Annuity年金Appropriation of retained earnings 留存收益分配Asset 资产Asset depreciation range (ADR) 资产折旧范围Asset impairment 资产清理Asset retirement 资产报废Asset turnover 资产周转率Audit审计Audit committee 审计委员会Audit opinion 审计意见Audit report 审计报告Authorized shares 授权股本，注册股份Available-for-sale securities 短期投资BBad debts 坏账Balance sheet资产负债表Bank reconciliation 银行对账单Basic earnings per share 基本每股盈利Betterment 改良"Big 5"五大会计师事务所board of directors 董事会bond 债券契约bonds payable 应付债券book gain/loss 账面收益/损失book value账面价值borrowing capacity 融资能力business acquisition 企业兼并business combination 企业合并business segment 企业内部责任单位CCall provision 提前赎回条款Capital 资产Capital lease 资本租赁Capital structure资本结构Capital structure leverage 资本结构杠杆Capitalization ratios 资本比率Capitalize 资本化Cash discount现金折扣Cash equivalent 现金等价物Cash flow 现金流Cash flow accounting 现金流量法会计Cash flow from financing筹资产生的现金流量Cash flow from investing 投资产生的现金流量Cash flow from operations 经营产生的现金流量Cash flow projection 现金项目Cash management 现金管理Certificate of deposit 存款单Certified public accountant 注册会计师Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债闭Clean audit opinion 无保留意见Collateral 抵押品，担保品Collection period 商业票据Common earnings leverage 普通收入杠杆Common stock 普通股Common-size financial statements Compensating balance 抵销余额Conservatism稳健Consignment 寄销品Consistency 连续性Consolidated financial statements 合并财务报表Contingency 或有事项Contingent liability或有负债Contra account 对销账户Contributed capital 实缴资本Controlling interest 控股权益Convertible bonds 可转换债券Copyright 版权Corporation 公司Cost成本Cost expiration 成本耗用Cost method成本法Cost of capital 资金成本Cost of goods sold 销货成本Covenant 契约CPA certified public accountant 注册会计师Credit quality 信用程度Credit rating 信用评级Credit terms 信用条件Creditor 债权人Cumulative preferred stock 累积优先股Current assets流动资产Current cost现行成本Current liabilities流动负债Current maturity of long-term debts 即将到期的长期负债Current ratio 流动比率DDebenture 债券Debt 债务Debt covenant 债务契约Debt investment 债权性投资Debt ratio 负债比率Debt redemptions 债务清偿Debt/equity ratio 负债/权益比率Default 违约Deferred cost 递延成本Deferred income 递延收益Deferred income taxes 递延所得税Deferred revenue 递延收入Defined benefit pension plan 即定收益养老金方案Defined contribution pension plan 即定供款养老金方案Depletion 折耗Depreciation 折旧Depreciation base 折旧系数Depreciation expense 折旧费用Diluted earnings per share 摊薄后每股盈利Dilution 摊薄Dilutive securities 摊薄证券Direct method 直线法Direct write-off method 直接注销法Discount on bond payable 应付债券折价Discount rate 贴现率，折扣率Divestiture 风险Dividend yield 股息率Dividends 股息Dividends in arrears 应付股利Double taxation 双重征税Double-declining-balance method 双倍余额递减法DuPont Model杜邦体系EEarning power 盈利能力Earnings 盈利Earnings per share 每股利润Earning quality 收益质量Economic entity assumption 经济个体假定Economic value added 经济价值增加Effective interest method 实际利息法Effective interest rate 实际利率Equity 所有者权益Equity investment权益投资Equity issuance 发行股票Equity method权益法Equity security 股本证券Escrow 代管Exchange rate 汇率Expense 费用External financing外部融资Extraordinary item 非经常项目FFace value 面值Fair market value 公允市价Financial accounting 财务会计Financial accounting standards 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board财务会计标准委员会Financial condition 财务状况Financial flexibility 财务弹性Financial performance 财务业绩Financial ratio analysis 财务比率分析Financial statement analysis 财务报表分析Financial statements财务报表Financing activities 融资活动First-in, first-out 先进先出法Fiscal period assumption 会计期假设Fiscal year 会计年度Fixed asset turnover 固定资产周转Fixed assets固定资产FOB destination 离岸货价FOB shipping point 起运点交货Footnotes 附注Forward contract期货合同Freight-in 运费已付Frequent transactions 经常性交易GGain contingency 或有收益Generally accepted accounting principles一般会计原则Going concern 持续经营Goods in transit在途商品Goodwill商誉Government accounting 政府会计Gross margin 毛利，边际贡献Gross profit 毛利HHedging套期保值Hidden reserves 秘密准备Historical cost历史成本Human capital 人力资源Human resources 人力资源Hurdle rate 利率下限Hybrid security 混合证券IIncome 收益Income statement 损益表Independent auditor 独立审计Indirect method 间接法Industry 行业Inflation通货膨胀Input market 投入市场Installment obligation 分期付款Intangible asset 无形资产Interest利息Interest coverage ratio 利息保障比率Interest-bearing obligation 附息债务Internal control system 内部控制系统Internal financing 内部筹资Internal Revenue Code 国内税收法规Internal Revenue Service 国内税收总署Interperiod tax allocation 跨期税款分摊Intraperiod tax allocation所得税期内分摊Inventory存货Inventory turnover 存货周转Investing activities 投资活动LLand 土地，不动产Last-in, first-out 后进先出Lease 租赁Leverage 杠杆效应Liability 负债Life of a bond 年金期间LIFO conformity rule 后进先出法一致性规则LIFO liquidation 后进先出法清算LIFO reserve 后进先出法准备Line of credit 信用限额Liquidation 清算Liquidity 流动性Listed company上市公司Loan contract 贷款合同Loan covenant 贷款契约Long-lived assets 长期资产Long-term loan 长期负债Long-term debt ratio 长期债务率Long-term investments长期投资Loss 亏损Loss contingency 或有损失Lower-of-cost-or-market rule 成本与市价孰低原则MMACRS 加速成本回收法修正系统Maintenance expenditure 维修费用Management accounting管理会计Management discretion 管理决策Management letter 管理建议书Manufacturing company 制造公司Margin 毛利Mark-to-market accounting 按市场计价法会计Markdown 减低标价Market price 市场价格Market share 市场份额Market value 市价Market-to-book ratio 市价与账面值比率Marketable securities 有价证券Matching principle 配比原则Materiality 重要性Maturity date 到期日Maturity value 到期值Measurement theory 计量理论Merchandise inventory 商品盘存Merger 合并Mortgage 抵押，按揭Mortgage payable 应付抵押款Multinational corporation 跨国公司NNatural resource cost 自然资源成本Net assets 净资产Net book value 净账面价值Net credit sales 净赊销值Net earnings 净收益Net income 净收益Net of tax 税后净额Net operation income 净营业收入Net profit 净收益Net realizable value可实现净值Net sales 销售净额Net worth 资本净值Non-operating items 营业外项目nonparticipating preferred stock 非参加优先股nonprofit entity 非盈利实体not-for-profit accounting 非盈利账户notes payable应付票据notes receivable 应收票据OObsolescence 过时，陈旧Off-balance-sheet financing资产负债表外融资Open account 未清账户Operating activities 经营活动Operating cycle 营业周期Operating days 营业日Operating expenses 营业费用Operating income 营业收益Operating lease经营租赁Operating margin 营业毛利Operating performance 经营业绩Operating revenues 营业收入Opinion letter 审计报告Ordinary stock dividend 普通股股利Organizational forms 组织形式Original cost 原始成本Other gains and losses 其它收益和亏损Other revenues and expenses 其它收益和亏损Output market 输出市场Outstanding shares 发行在外的股份Overhead 管理费用Owner\'s equity 所有者权益PPaper profits 账面利润Per value 面值Parent company母公司Participating preferred stock 参与优先股Partnership 合伙Patent 专利Payments in advance 预付款Pension 养老金Percentage-of-credit-sales approach 赊销百分比法Periodic method 定期法Perpetual method 永续法Physical obsolescence 实物陈旧Portfolio 投资组合Postacquisition expenditures 收购后费用Postretirement costs 退休后成本Preemptive right 优先股权Premium on bonds payable应付债券溢价Prepaid expenses 准备成本Present value 现值Price/earnings ratio 价格/收益比Prime interest rate 优惠利率Principal 本金当事人Prior period adjustment 前期调整数Private company 私人公司Proceeds 收入Production capacity 生产能力Production efficiency 生产效率Profit 利润Profit and loss statement 损益表Profitability 获利能力Profitability ratios 获利能力比率Property 财产Property, plan, and equipment 财产，车间和设备Prospectus招股说明书Proxy statement 委托书Public accounting firms 会计师事务所Purchase method 购买法Purchasing power 购买力QQualified audit report 有保留意见的审计报告Quick ratio 速动比率RRate of return 回报率Realized gain or loss 已实现收益或损失Recognized gain or loss 确认收益或损失Redemption赎回Refinancing 再筹资Related party transaction 关联交易Replacement cost重置成本Restrictive covenant 约束性规定Restructuring charges 重组成本Retail company 零售公司Retained earnings 留存收益Retirement 退休，退股Return on assets 资产报酬率Return on equity 净资产收益率Return on equity from financial leverage 融资杠杆净资产收益率Return on investment 投资回报率Return on sales 销售利润率Revaluation adjustment 重估调整Revenue 收入Revenue recognition 收入确认Risk 风险Risk premium 风险报酬Risk-free return 无风险回报SSales 销售Sales growth 销售增长Sales returns 销售退回Salvage value 残值Secured note 有担保票据Securities and Exchange Commission 证券及期货事务监察委员会Security 证券Service company 服务公司Service revenue 服务收益SG & A 销售，一般和行政花费short-term liability 短期负债Short-term investment 短期投资Sole proprietorship 独资经营Solvency 偿债能力Solvency ratios 偿债比率Specific identification 个体辨认Standard audit report 标准审计报告Stated interest rate 票面利率Statement of cash flows 现金流量表Statement of retained earning 留存收益表Statement of stockholder\'s equity 股东权益表Stock 股票Stock dividend 股利Stock market 股票市场Stock opinions 股票价格Stock split股份拆细Stock split in the form of a dividend 股票股利的股票拆分Stockholders 股东Stockholders\' equity 股东权益Straight-line method 直线法Subsidiary 子公司Sum-of-the-years\'-digits method 年数总和法Supplies inventory 物料盘存TT-account analysis T形账户分析法Takeover 收购Taking a bath 冲销Tax accounting 税务会计Tax deductible 税款抵扣Taxable income 应税收入Technical default 技术性违约Technical obsolescence 技术陈旧Term loan 定期贷款Times interest earned 利息保障倍数Trade-in 以旧换新Trademark or trade name商号Trading securities 交易证券Transportation-in 在途运输Treasury notes 中期国库券Treasury stock库存股票UUncollectibles 坏账Unearned revenue 未获收入Uniformity 统一Unqualified audit report 在编审计报告Unrealized gain or loss 未实现收入或损失Unsecured notes 无担保票据Useful life 使用年限Usual transactions 普通交易VValuation base 计价基础WWarranty 认股权证Window dressing 粉饰Working capital 营运资金，周转资金。