国际经济学英文版(第八版)章节练习第四章
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International Economics, 8e (Krugman)
Chapter 4 Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution
1) In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would
A) move the point of production along the production possibility curve.
B) s hift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.
C) s hift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensive
product.
D) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the capital-intensive
product.
E) N one of the above.
Answer: D
2) In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ in
A) tastes.
B) m ilitary capabilities.
C) s ize.
D) relative availabilities of factors of production.
E) l abor productivities.
Answer: D
3) The Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardian model of Comparative Advantage in that the former
A) has only two countries.
B) h as only two products.
C) h as two factors of production.
D) has two production possibility frontiers (one for each country).
E) N one of the above.
Answer: C
4) "A good cannot be both land- and labor-intensive." Discuss.
Answer: In a two good, two factor model, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin framework, the factor
intensities are relative intensities. Hence, the relevant statistic is either workers per acre (or acres per
worker); or wage per rental unit (or rental per wage). In order to illustrate the logic of the statement
above, let us assume that the production of a broom requires 4 workers and 1 acre. Also, let us assume
that the production of one bushel of wheat requires 40 workers and 80 acres. In this case the acres per
person required to produce a broom is one quarter, whereas to produce a bushel of wheat requires 2
acres per person. The wheat is therefore (relatively) land intensive, and the broom is (relatively) labor
intensive.
5) "No country is abundant in everything." Discuss.
Answer: The concept of relative (country) factor abundance is (like factor intensities) a relative concept. When we identify a country as being capital intensive, we mean that it has more capital per worker than does
the other country. If one country has more capital worker than another, it is an arithmetic
impossibility that it also has more workers per unit capital.
6) Refer to above figure. Can you guess which group of producers in Country P might lobby against free trade?
Answer:
In Country P, the owners of the relatively scarce factor of production are the owners of capital. Their relative and real incomes will decrease, and so they may well attempt to lobby for protectionism, which may prevent the country from moving to a free trade equilibrium.
An Economy can produce good 1 using labor and capital and good 2 using labor and land. The total supply of labor is 100 units. Given the supply of capital, the outputs of the two goods depends on labor input as follows:
7) Refer to the table above.
(a) Graph the production functions for good 1 and good 2
(b) Graph the production possibility frontier. Why is it curved?
Answer: The production possibility frontier is curved because of the diminishing returns associated with the expansion of output in the short run in each of the two industries.
8) In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, a change from autarky (no trade) to trade will benefit the
owners of
A) capital.