外国历史——俄国1905年

Russia Is Humiliated
Text reads: Russian Bear: ―Running Away? Not a bit of it! I‘m luring ‗em on!‖
Treaty of Portsmouth - 1905
President Theodore Roosevelt Acts as the Peacemaker [He gets the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.]
Known as the Fundamental Laws
[April 23, 1906].
declared.
The autocracy of the Russian Tsar was The Tsar was supreme over the law, the church, and the Duma.
2. First Stages of Industrialization
An Early Russian Factory
3. Weak Economy
1905 Russian Rubles
4. Extensive Foreign Investments & Influence
Building the Trans-Siberian RR [Economic benefits only in a few regions.]
It confirmed the basic human rights
granted by the October Manifesto, BUT made them subordinate to the supremacy of the law.
3. Jews targeted in systematic and spontaneous pogroms.
– Peaceful protesters, led by a priest named Gapon, marched on the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg with a petition – Shot at by Tsar‘s forces – 92 dead and hundreds wounded
– First modern defeat in war of a European power by a non-European power
• Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)
– Russians left Manchuria – Japan gained recognition of Korea as part of its sphere of influence (i.e., imperialism) – Japan gained the southern half of Sakhalin Island
6. Unrest Among the Peasants & Urban Working Poor
Father Georgi Gapon
March on the Winter Palace
• Among long-standing complaints, the people were unhappy over Russia‘s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, hunger, famine and poor working conditions • Bloody Sunday (January, 1905)
After October Manifesto – Pogroms in 660 towns across Ukraine region of Empire. Over 800 confirmed Jewish deaths though the number could be much higher.
In the port city of Odessa alone, the police reported that at least 400 Jews and 100 non-Jews were killed and approximately 300 people, mostly Jews, were injured, with slightly over 1,600 Jewish houses, apartments, and stores incurring damage.
October 30, 1905
Russian Duma
• August, 1905—Duma organized as an advisory body
– But this wasn‘t well received
• October Manifesto
– Legislative powers for the Duma and civil liberties for the people
Ni 1894-1917]
The Tsar & His Family
Hemophilia & the Tsarevich
Causes
of Revolution
1. Early 20c: Russian Social Hierarchy
to October, 1917 - Many lessons have been learned
4. The Path
Possible Reforms?
1906
The first two tries were too
radical.
The third duma was elected by
the richest people in Russia in 1907.
2. The Tsar’s October Manifesto
• Nicholas II repeatedly butted heads with the Duma
– Socialists and revolutionaries kept winning seats so he kept dissolving and reducing its power
The Russian Constitution of 1906
(Robert Weinberg, "The Pogrom of 1905 in Odessa: A Case Study" )
Postcard of 1905 Odessa Pogrom source:
By 1907 Pogroms are on the decline across Russia. USA and Western Europe are flooded with Jewish refugees.
Why?
Government incited, (via the Okhrana) were intended to detract from civilian unrest and also as a by-product could eliminate revolutionaries. As well, Jews are scapegoated for losses in Russo-Japanese War. • Pogroms across Russian territories in July
Bloody Sunday
January 22, 1905
The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
The Revolution Spreads
The Battleship Potemkin Mutiny
[June, 1905]
Results
1. The Opening of the Duma:
5. Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905]
The “Yellow Peril”
Russo-Japanese War
(1904-1905)
• Imperial rivalry between Japan and Russia over Korea and Manchuria • Japanese surprise attack and take Port Arthur, Manchuria from the Russians