American Family Values美国家庭价值观
中美家庭价值观对比-英文版
Differences of Family Values Between China and AmericaAbstract :This paper tries to make a comparison of different family values between China and US, which appeared in many fields, for instance, the American emphasis the individualism but Chinese focus on the collectivism, the relationship between family members and their attitudes to each other are also quite different,the life style influenced by family values are varied. Reasons for these differences are complex, including different customs, cultures and social backgrounds and so on.Key words: family values, life styles, cultures, differences.Ⅰ.IntroductionFamily is the most basic unit of all human society. It reflects the ethical values of a society, its cultural characteristics and the unique features of a nation. People begin to learn anything about the world and their culture through the family they are brought up in. What you think, how you act, even your language, are all transmitted through the family from the wider cultural context.Family values are the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a huge influence on people’s thoughts and behaviors. So if we want to get a glimpse of the cultures of two different countries, it is necessary to know their different family values. In this paper we will analyze family values from different aspects, including the decisive family values, the attitude to the family members and their relationships, and the influences of family values.Ⅱ.The differences of family values.A.The individualism VS. the collectivismThe American emphasize the personal independence, while Chinese emphasize on the whole family, not any individual member. Children in America have more freedom than that in China. Their parents rarely interfere with their private affairs, and usually try to enhance children’s all-around abilities when they are young. Theyhandle their own affairs themselves and try to get support from their colleagues or experts who work in the relevant field, and their family members only give suggestions to them. The key point of its society is freedom. Obviously, we Chinese pay more attention to the interest of whole family than that of any individual’s. In China, children usually live with their parents even after they are grown-up, since Chinese people want a more united family and closer relationship between family members. The living style in China is different compared with that in America. Chinese people like to live with their parents and they think this kind of living style may help them have more opportunity to understand other family members. This kind of living style can narrow the gap between family members and when anybody faces with a problem, the others can help him effectively and efficiently. The living style also reflects that Chinese people mainly emphasize the whole family but not the individuals, which is quite different from Americans.B.The attitude to the family members and their relationships in China andAmerica.Chinese people have a big family with variety of relatives, which may be easy to cause competition and suspicion. So in order to maintain order and family harmony, they particularly advocate showing respect to their seniority in the light of the theory of law and discipline rite of Confucius. And 'Act you role well' is the key to a harmonious family relationship. All the family members should be ranked strictly and according to their position in the family hierarchy they would be treated separately and be required to do what they should do. So in traditional Chinese family, the elder is highly respected. Parents bring up their children, then after parents are getting old, it is their children’s responsibility and duty to care for them and give them both material and spiritual support. In the traditional Chinese family, father was always the centre. It is not because the feudal concept that man is superior to woman, but also for what man has earned is the main source of family’s incoming and usually man earns more money than woman. And woman is responsible for the family house working. Though most household affairs are solved and decided by mother, the most important thing related to the whole family are determined by father. Between parents andchildren, parents are given more privilege and right to control their children. To most Chinese parents, a good child means to be obedient and docile. It is normal for parents to arrange everything for their children.To Americans, it is normal that parents and children are separate; reunion is abnormal. Parents bring up children and the children continue to raise the offspring, so the aged is expelled to the society. For the attitude to bring up the children, American parents consider that they have the legal liability, but in a sense, the children should take responsibility for their behaviors. Americans sniff at the concept of filial piety and think it restrains their self-awareness and ego-development. Parents and their children don't need dependency relationship. In contrast, they should establish a kind of allowance system so as to instill the basic concept of self-dignity and self-love into their children. As a result, although children would be grateful for their parents' favors, they do not think they have the obligation to pay back. In America, if the parents still live together with their adult children, they should pay board wages and accommodation fee to children. And the same to their adult children who still live with their parents.The primary purpose of an American family is to advance the happiness, the equality and the freedom of every family member. Americans praise self-centered and deal with the family members and family affairs rationally. For the sake of themselves, they deem that family should make sacrifice. Family’s honor and unity are less important than that in Chinese society. In an American family, the democratic idea of equality is prevalent. Father and mother have equal right to make decision on family affairs and their children are given right to vote.C. Comparison of life style influenced by family values1. Different Financial StyleIn China，family members are financially dependent，that is to say all of the family members should help each other，especially when he or she meets the financial problems，which seems that people have the responsibility for helping their family members to overcome the difficulties. During the daily life，children should take care of their old parents financially even parents have the possibility to rely onthemselves. In America, family members are financially independent. Americans appreciate the individuality which requires them at first to get an independent financial freedom. That means they do not rely on their parents or family members when they grow up. Sometimes American thinks it is a kind of shame to be supported by their kind red members. That is the reason why in the case the father and the son felt at ease when they bought tickets for each other.2. Different Life StyleIn China , a stable life style is much appreciated by people. As it has already been discussed above, the strong family tie in China has been taken its shape for thousand years long. Family members and relatives prefer to live together in terms of convenience which could reflect the Chinese “guanxi” vividly. Even after the implementation of Open Policy from 1980s，though the traditional lifestyle is influences a lot，people still want to live as close as possible to their family members，relatives and friends. However，in America，there is no such a strong family tie as same as that in China，therefore，their life style are very mobile. Meanwhile, this life style is also influenced by their personal values, such as self-reliance，hard work，and a tie between achieving success in life，personal achievement etc，which encourage Americans to work all of the world for achieving their career goals and success.3. Different Public FestivalsThere are several festivals which come of family unity in Chinese official holidays, such as Spring Festival，Tomb–sweeping Day, Qixi Jie and Mid-autumn Festival. The most important festival is the Spring Festival existing in the history for almost over 2000 years long. During this festival, all family and relatives get together, which is the very precious chance for people to enlarge and strengthen family ties. In America，Chiristmas Day，Hallow-mas，Saint Valentine's Day，Thanksgiving Day are the most important holidays coming of Christianity. The most significant festival is the Christmas Day. Before the festival，all Americans also come back from their works for this big day；however，this festival is much more religious for the family members even though they do have the activities of family reunion.Ⅲ. ConclusionThe cultural differences between China and America are reflected in almost all aspects of family life. The present study focuses on various major aspects，such as the different family decisive values，different family relationship and attitudes, and influences caused by family values. It’s not just simply listing some phenomena and analyzing the cultural explanation . The intention of the study is to promote a better understanding between Chinese and American people by comparing the family values. We would like to say if we want to live peacefully and harmoniously under the same roof，the best thing we must do is to make an understanding between Chinese people and American people. Meanwhile，a good understanding of the difference will surely facilitate the cross-cultural communication of two peoples.【References】[1] HALL, E, F. The Hidden Dimension[M]. New York:double-day. 1996.[2] Stanley, Haverwas. A Community of Character[M]. Cam-bridge, 1984.。
试论中美家庭价值观的差异
试论中美家庭价值观的差异摘要家庭是社会的载体和最基本的社会细胞，家庭价值观是文化研究的核心，家庭成员的价值观直接或间接地影响他们在社会交往中的言行举止。
但是，由于地理环境、历史背景、文化价值和宗教信仰的不同，不同的民族和国家有不同的家庭价值观。
本文试从家庭模式、生活方式和文化教育三个方面对中美家庭价值观作一粗浅的比较，为进一步研究中美文化差异奠定基础，从而促进中美文化的交流和发展。
本文从讨论家庭价值观差异的三个关键点着手，并进行了一系列的比照和分析，从而突出它们的内涵以及在日常生活中的表现，然后借鉴和学习了大量研究学者和著作者的优秀研究成果并结合自身的学习过程和生活经历，促进本文成果的进一步深入。
关键词：家庭价值观；家庭模式；婚姻；教育；社交；成因On the Differences of Family Values Between China andAmericaAbstractFamily is the carrier and most fundamental cell of society. family value is the core in research of human culture, and family value of members, directly or indirectly ,influence on their behavior and thinking in society. That is to say, social value , to a large extent, is determined by the family values. However, due to the differences of geographical environment and historical background, cultural value and religious and belief, different nations and countries have different family values. This paper is on simple study trying to draw a comparison with family pattern, life style and cultural education of family values between China and America to lay a foundation for the further study of cultural differences and to promote the development of communication and culture between China and the US.This dissertation starts its study from discussing three key points of differences of family value,and making a series of contrast analysis to highlight what they mean and how to express.To obtain the futher results of study,this paper is basic on lots of achievements of many research scholars and authors,tightly related to his own standpoints ,which conclude in the process of learning with personal experience.Key words:family values;family pattern;marriage;family education;social contact;reasonsCONTENTS摘要 (I)Abstract (II)Chapter 1 Introduction (1)1.1 Definition of Family (1)1.2 Definition of Family Values (1)1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: familism and collectivism (2)1.2.2 The main family value of America: liberalism and individualism (2)Chapter 2 Differences Between Chinese and American Family Values (3)2.1 The Differences of Family Pattern (3)2.1.1 Family pattern of China (3)2.1.2 Family pattern of America (4)2.2 The Concept of Lifestyle (4)2.2.1 Chinese concept of life style (5)2.2.2 American concept of life style (6)2.3 Cultural Education of Family (6)2.3.1 Cultural education of Chinese family (7)2.3.2 Cultural education of American family (8)Chapter 3 Reasons for the Differences between Chinese and American Family Values (9)3.1 Geographic and Historic Reasons (9)3.2 Religious and Cultural Reasons (10)3.3 Economic Formation and Social Condition (11)3.4 Educational and Cultural Tradition (12)Chapter 4 Conclusion (12)References (13)Acknowledgements (14)Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Definition of FamilyGenerally speaking,family should be defined as a group of people tied up with marriage, blood or adoption together, each in family act a part as parents, spouses or siblings of social identity to interact and make contributions, creating a combination of a common "blood culture ".And also there is another explanation of family,it say famliy is the basic cell of society, is the most important core of social organization,economic organization and spiritual home. That is to say, continuable development of family health is the cornerstone of stability and development of society and country, "home" is the responsibility, sustenance, intimacy and trust.In ancient society,the traditional form of most family is multigeneration which features with cohabiting, total wealth, produce together.However,with the great change of production mode and rapid development of economy,science and technology,in modern society,family play a very important role in distribution,consumption and inheritence in different cultures.To further understanding of differences of Chinese and American families,getting a basic mode and lifestyle is necessary process seeking common ground and developing together.1.2 Definition of Family ValuesFamily values are political and social belief,as the core of value system.In other words,family values are regarded as the view, attitudes or beliefs that each family member accumulate and conclude over a long period in daily lives.And it is a standard to evaluate the ideal family ,meaning and purpose,affecting individual family life and family business related matters.There are matters that family relations,relationships between husband and wife,parent-child relationship, kinship are all family values. The family is depend on family values, and family values is the precursor of family change.Different countries have different family values.There are many essential differences of Chinese and American family values.In China,people advocate familism, think the family is the foundation and affiliation of each person,the personal interests should be subordinated to collectivism, each person should actively contribute to the family to promote family economic and cultural development. However,in the United States, Americans inherite cultural traditions of Europe while develop it with its own customs and religious characteristics, forming the individual independence, individual rights, equality and freedom of family values .1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: familism and collectivismChinese family collectivism is deep-rooted,have along history and has been accompanied by the emergence and development of the family, which play a very strong role in guiding. In traditional Chinese society, agricultural production is the main source of income,which need to invest a lot of labor.Also the family is as the basic unit of social production, the greater the size, the more human resources, the strong economic power, the higher social status, which determines social ideal form that the social development shoule be owe to flourishing population of collective extended family, attaching importance to community life. In modern times, with economic development, although people's lifestyles have changed, the collectivist values of Chinese families still have been dominant. Modern Family have seperated from the form of multigeneration, the small family of new couples has become a major form to pursue happy and harmonious family life. But influenced by several thousand years of traditional culture, the living conditions of new family still reflect the collectivism and familism of family values:together with labor and production, along with the creation of material and spiritual wealth, at the same time,share food and consumption of material and spiritual wealth together,which value family,bring up children,and support for the elderly.In China,people put great importance to the familism and collectivism,they pay more attention to the interest of whole family or whole group than American.1.2.2The main family value of America:liberalism and individualismCompared with the Chinese family values,the family values of America is issentially different,just like the Western.It is believed that the American attach great importance to personal independence, individual rights,freedom and equality, which it mean significant differences,even it can be said to be the opposite with China. America is a Republic Capitalism with booming commercial economy and power, lifestyle and thinking of Amercian is more open and pragmatic than Chinese,in the system of family values, it express to demonstrate individual ability and respect for freedom.They are highly concerned about self-development, protection of the rights and development of self-awareness. When Amercian is just a child, family and parents instill the principles of individualism to them, handling some matters relating to themselves and family with equel opportunity and full democracy. When they are 18 years of age, they must be faced withhow to independ on their parents to survive. And Amercian families will encourage and ask children to support themselves without parents’money, to be responsible for social matters independently with their ability to get the recognition and respect of others and society. They can enjoy equal rights and freedom to participate in various activities by themselves.Meeting Meeting with difficulties, they are also more likely to get support from colleagues and friends instead of their families.In this way,it not only exercise their ability to survive,but also to promote the development of personality.In addition, American family do not mainly make up children’hildren can often be free in their favorite activities and gatherings, and gradually develop into a close friendship with parents asking for some suggestions.Chapter 2 Differences Between Chinese and American FamilyValues2.1 The Differences of Family PatternFamily pattern is a form of family generation and existence.The traditional family modes are divided into three categories by sociologists,there are core family,husbandand and wife and children,backbone family,new couple and children and elder,and extended family.Although modern family pattern has been far beyond the simple rule of the traditional and develop in the direction of a more diverse, it is not dicisive matters in family values.Family pattern and family are natural relationships that they interplay and restrict together.Modernization and optimization of family pattern is good for advancing with the time and retionalization of civilization of family values,meanwhile,the excellent and advanced family values also promote family pattern.In Chinese society,the characteristics of family pattern show the ploymerized,on the contrary,American family mode tends to dispersion and individualism.2.1.1 Family pattern of ChinaIn Chinese and American culture,the concept of home is poles apart.Chinese family model basically reflects the form of multigeneration and large structure and number of members. Whether in a traditional Chinese family, or the formation of a modern family, family pattern both reflect that the form is dominant and in a absolute position. Under the influence of Confucian culture of China thousands of years,it create that most of Chinese pay more attention on personalobligations to the family, parents’ responsibility,children’s support,as well as family members, are mutual support and interdependent. In Chinese family model, the elderly and parents at home have high status and absolute rights to matterand be respected and loved by the junior.Most of children must obey their parents’ words and rules,if not,they will be punished.And as the young couple will have to bear tremendous pressure, on the one hand, they want to have children,give birth to and raise children, On the other hand, they must support their parents and the elderly, filial and loyal. But new couples also need their parents to help take care of children and do housework, so that three-generation in family in China is everywhere.And individual always depend on the parents and share joys and sorrows with family. But compared to Amercian families, Chinese children are short of personal sense and are relatively weak of individual ability.2.1.2 Family pattern of AmericaThe traditional American family contain just only parents and minor children, whether adult children married or not,they will choose to move out of parents’s home. Their family pattern is typical of the nuclear family. American Family is highly valued rights awareness and individualism, each member of the home is self-centered, rather than the whole family-centered.It is said that American regard themselves as individual and independent person,which should enjoy their unique personality and dignity. At any time,anyone should not easily give up their rights, because it is one of psychological and social needs of individual,families and groups.Under the family pattern in the United States, parents and children have adequate rights to protect their equal freedom, they settle down their family matters and personal problems in a democracy and fair way together and, basically there is no absolute right and high pressure just like Chinese parents possess in Amercia.In this family pattern,the American are gradually trained and built up self-awareness and personal abilities. Another point of most important difference with China is that the American not only do not absolutely support for the elderly and contribute to their family,but also be not responsible for the child all the time.When the children has grown up to survive by themselves, parents and children have their different style to live.2.2 The Concept of LifestyleLifestyle is a fairly broad concept, which includes production and living conditions, and attitudes of people and society, it can be understood that at a certain historical period and socialconditions, people choosed and enjoyed the life mode in various ethnic,classes and social groups.In this article,it mainly introduce its two ways of social contact and marital attitudes to exchange knowledge.Social interaction is a social activitie process to exchange the material and spiritual each other,and it is conducive to personal growth and cultural transmission. In regard to the attitude of marriage,it refers to value orientation of mating selection or love and marriage when get married ,including both individual and parental attitudes.In China and the United States, not only social interaction but also marital attitude both reflect a great contrast.2.2.1 Chinese concept of lifestyleAbout two aspects of Chinese lifestyle, social interaction and marriage attitudes, whether in individual or group, whether it is family or community,all show that they are deeply influenced by the traditional Chinese culture, and they have the typical values of lifestyle in mind. On the one hand, China is a State of Ceremonies, Chinese people’s attitudes and social behavior reflect both a lofty stance of ceremonies and introverted feeling.No matter who to get along with family or others in daily communication, Chinese people pay attention to civilized manners, focus priority in rank, at the same time, the process and the performance is very implicit. The handshake is the most representative of courtesy greetings, unlike the American variety of open kissing etiquette. On the other hand, China is a full traditional country, feudal thought is very strong, which largely determines the value orientation of marriage attitudes. In ancient feudal period, the typical value orientation of marriage attitude is to arrange a match by parents’order and matchmaker’s word,that is to say,children’s marriage is made up decision by parents and families,and arranged marriages are the main form. Although in the process of Chinese modernization, people's thinking changed a lot,they advocate free love, but family and parental attitudes still have a great impact on value of marriage.What is more, nowadays the requirements of the wife’s parents is higher and higher, including houses and cars of hard conditions and individual abilities and development.This value of marriage attitude is not conducive to satisfy people’s feelings of spiritual life, but also potentially increasing the cost of marriage so that it increases the pressure on the man's family, and even lead to a phobia of marriage. For Chinese people, marriage is not only family obligations, as well as a personal right.They have the right and obligation to be responsible for various needs and own future, so once married, the vast majority of people will never leave or forsake and until die.2.2.2 American concept of lifestyleIn America,the milk of human kindness is lighter than China. Their children must be drove out when children meet the adult age - the age of eighteen,regardless of wealthy parents,which let them exercise how to live and deal with social contact in challenging surroundings.Concerned about ralationship with classmates and friends, their feeling and attitude is also very casual, very relaxed, and very open.Meeting etiquette is generally kissing. Americans do underestimate human feelings,but value the principles, rules and laws. Emotion between people rarely affect the normal business dealings,Americans follow the socially accepted rules.It is precisely because the United States and other Western countries in the economic exchanges are rarely affected by feelings about friendship, their order of market economy is much better than China.In the process of social interaction, the freedom to choose an lover is in a dominant position on the American concept of marriage in the extending individuality.About loving and mating for American, youth will naturally have their own requirements and standards.American ideal marriage is a commitment, not the responsibility of each other and family like Chinese people.A lot of people think that the United States maintain the most important factor is loyalty for marriage,only men and women do it,can marriage become better and better.Because of social customs and the betrayal one side can not stand, divorce in the United States is a very common phenomenon. If one of them has an affair, they will solve the problem to divorce.2.3 Cultural Education of FamilyWhether Americans or Chinese people,family education is particularly important for them,and from ancient times to modern times,it has been playing vital role in a country education. Person's life will go through three form of education, namely family education, school education and social education,and family education for a person, is not only elementary education but also lifelong education, because the family is the child's natural school, parents are the first teachers of child. People often say: the child is the shadow of the parents, the parents are the child's mirror.That is the reasons to show. It is visible that family education for children's healthy development plays an important role. The great leader Deng Xiaoping said,“The basis of acountry’s modernization lies in talents,the basis of talents lies in education,and the basis of education lies in families.”Therefore,more and more attention has been paid to family,and familyeducation has already become a very hot topic of society.With regard to family education of China and America,American pay more attention and vigor on family education than China.American family education is one of the most famous family education.2.3.1 Cultural education of Chinese familyFamily education is the most fundamental position in education.The current Chinese family education is still influenced by the traditional family values because of the impact of Confucianism.Parents often tell their children,“To be a scholar is to be best and top of society.”This is the most common and widespread phenomenon.This part will make one divide into two to introduce Chinese family education.The one thing,there are some advantages: Firstly,Chinese family education ,from an early age to grow up, emphasize on cultivating people's ethical piety and taking on family and social responsibility, under this concept has a great positive impact on promoting the Chinese traditional virtue and stability of the family and society people. In their daily life, they will be in natural and self-conscious to respect for elders and the respected, and to initiatively assume responsibility,which is beneficial to the healthy development of the family and society.Second, Chinese family education followed the fine tradition of virtues, civilized etiquette is compulsory class of family education.From interaction among family members in daily life to contact the society,as well as national negotiations, reflects a powerful Chinese cultural etiquette, which have benefited from emphasis on family education. Civilized manners and nice etiquette are firmly grasped by the other countries,as positive and important values of civilization and etiquette.Attaching importance to civilization and etiquette can reduce misunderstandings and conflicts, bury the war with olive-branch,so that strengthen the interaction in society,keep social harmony and stability and build up a civilized society and state. But also it can strength and influence the national comprehensive.Third,Chinese parents prefer to the sense of competition,“Race to the top.”Children are educated to how to be a better man in family,leting them maintain this state of mind in study and work to promote individual development and social advance.The others,there are some shortcomings of Chinese family education.In is a common phenomemon of Chinese parents to spoil child,and in the world of family education, the degree ofChinese parents’spoiling get the top. Also many parents ignore the development of child’s non-intelligence in accordance with their way.Besides, Chinese parents are struck on educating child with material incentives, disguised guidance of money worship, rather than guide their children to establish the correct values and interest children must be not strange to the word of material incentives in Chinese family education.As well as,child's independent personality was took by the throat by their parents, resulting in child is over-reliance on parents and families, lack of basic sense and ability of independence to survive alone.It is a sorrow of family education.What is worse,in Chinese family education,parents maintain absolute authority to influence child’children make mistakes or their test scores are not ideal,they will often be punished by parents, which is the biggest accomplice of examination-oriented education. Parents lack the initiative mind and spirit to communicate with children,even believe that geting a hige score can achieve good results,but ignore the child's real idea from their heart,resulting in the greatest degree of poor ability of Chinese children is to combine theory with practice.2.3.2 Cultural education of American familySpeaking to American family cultural educations, they are divided into thtree aspects of educational purposes, educational content and manner. First, American family education purpose is to cultivate children to adapt to the different kinds of circumstance and to live with independent viability, rather than pursuing some utilitarian goals, such as higher educational background, better jobs, and so on. Guided by this purpose, the self-awareness and independent will of children are indeed fostered . Second, the kind of educational content is depend on the kind of educational cational content of American family is colorful and diversified, focus on children in physical, cognitive, language, social and emotional development in harmony, which is named to quality-oriented education. They often take the children to the wild hiking, close to nature, to develop children's horizons and improve their aesthetic ability.They often guide children how to self-service, self-learning, how to socialize, how to live. Third, family educational manner is the specific measures and means parents carry out the educational content.It is closely associated with the cultural traditions, customs, historical background of each country. American family advocate democracy and open education, children in the home have a voice, participation and the right to choose, they can comment and say “no”according to their true thoughts, parents focus on the establishment of close friendship with children, respect for their rights and privacy.There arerarely criticism,but often express love and encouragement.Guided by parents,children are effectively and qulckly improve acknowledge,strengthen ability and cultivate interests in practical training, rather than homiletic though.As we all know, the cultural education of American family is one of the most advanced and scientific family cultural education around the world.It is often imitated and learnt by other nations and countries,and we Chinese people should learn from American strong points to offest our weakness,promoting development and prosperity of family cultural education.Chapter 3 Reasons for the Differences Between Chinese andAmerican Family Values3.1 Geographic and Historic ReasonsChina is a landlocked country,the land area ranks third in the world.China is a large agricultural country, as China's geography and climatic conditions are suitable for the development of agriculture, leading to people and government attach great importance to the development of agriculture. In ancient times and traditional thinking,agriculture is to meet the people’s requirements of the material conditions and is the fundamental economic basis for national establishment and development.Besides,China is vast territory and a bundant resources(地大物博), various energy and resources are very rich, people can get self-sufficiency through work,so that they rarely exchange material and energy with the outside world, it further China's closed-door policy and seclusion ideas. Chinese people have little or virtual no contact with the outside world, leding to the traditional family values is closure and narrow. With the impact and influence of politics, economy and culture outside,the Chinese people's traditional ideas have changed and come to complexity.However,American is a coastal country and surrounded by the sea.It has developed commercial and industrial economies, which show that the American political, economic and cultural development should be rely on the superior geographical environment of the sea, communicate with people all over the world to promote cooperation and exchanges with the outside country.And the United States is the UK branch,is deeply influenced by the economy,politics,and culture of Western European countries,and this is the reason why the US emphasis on democratic freedoms and individual rights of family values. In addition, the United States is a nation of immigrants, the American people are from all over theworld, the union of different nations and culture make Americans have a strong sense of competition and individual capacity in American values and, immigrants from different countries took their own culture and customs to the United States, advancing the American culture and values become colorful in a furnace.China has five thousand years of history and splendid culture, is a well-known civilized country.And the development of the various stages of its history have a profound impact on the Chinese family values,the most important thing is the influence of the feudal system.It led to family values become feudal and conservative. Under the guidance of this concept, people are very valued family origins and history,but the status of each family member is not equal, in particularly men and women,husbands wives, parents and children. At home, generally man is head of the family, have a high status,parents can have the absolute right to punish children. But in the United States, the American family members enjoy equal rights and status, there is no absolute authority.Besides,it is illegal to punish children.On the contrary, American family values seemed more humane and scientific.America is a short history of the nation of immigrants,with little influence of old minds., Under the influence of various ideological values and multiculturalism among peoples of different countries,Americans are strongly conscious of freedom and rights, social competition. and a strong sense of personal ability to retain the old culture and thought, promoting family values develop with hunmanization.Then, the United States is a capitalist country,did not experience the stages of feudal society, is not restrained by feudal though. Fewer constraints to development, people can more rapidly accept new ideas and cultures, so they are more adventurous rights and independence of spirit of American family values has been permeated with the historical development of the United States.3.2 Religious and Cultural ReasonsReligion and culture have a very profound impact on values, especially family values. Influenced by different religions and cultures, different nations countries have different family values. Chinese people believe in Buddhism that preach asceticism, which led to the Chinese people hide and restrain their true thoughts and interest in family values, but subject to arrangements.It is a pity of them to lack the sense of self-discivery and self-improvement.Also the Chinese cultural origins and source is the Confucianism,which is positive or passive to cultural system in the process of development.Confucianism enjoy the highest social status, people's daily。
中美家庭价值观
Sino-Us family valuescontrastAmerican family valuesWhen mentioning the difference of family values between Chinese and Americans , we may think firstly that Chinese people pay more attention to the family than Americans. However , it is just a fault. In my opinion, on account of the following matters, the fact is that the American family value is better than Chinese.Firstly, the relationship of the couple is stable in America. American people havemany opposite friends before they get married, while they become very loyal to each other after they are married. They respect each other, trust each other and take care of each other. In public, we can see American couples watch their children, and at the same time they have intimate conversations ,and they look like very casual and sweet. The phenomenon is rarely appeared in China, especially on these old couples.Secondly, every father has a strong sense of responsibility. In the library, in the supermarket or in the entertainment place, wherever the father goes, he always takesher children with him. But the mother is very free. She can get rid of the children's bother and do whatever she wants . This is a sharp contrast with the Male chauvinist which dominates in Chinese family.Thirdly, Americans are doing with families as basic units.When joining a party, going on a vacation, or being invited by colleagues to their houses, Americans are naturally joinging them with the whole family. This way of gathering is good for the consolidation of friendship not only between the family members but also between the friends.Fourthly, family is always in the first place. Many companies generally do not schedule a meeting after 4 am, because parents are going to pick their children from school. Many Americans have more of a sacrifice on the business for the family. A woman would rather resign her job after she gives birth to a baby. It is very common in the United States that everyone is willing to give up any perfect job for his or her family. However, it is quite different fin China. In most cases, the husband may participate the entertainment outside, or go out for travealling with his colleagues, leaving hiefamily aside.The family value Americans lives by seems strange to a Chinese people. As a result, we my find their actions confusing, even unbelievable. Nevertheless, nothing can conquer American family value, because it makes the unique character of the great nationality. This is actually great wealth of the United States, which makes America into a powerful nation in the world.Chinese family values Actually, there are a lot of dominant differences of family values betweenAmerica and China which derived from many traditional and historical concepts. First of all, as the individual ,we advocate that we should make contributions to our family , our society and our country. As we are very young, we are taught to be ready to make any sacrifice for our nation instead of our family, even giving up our precious lives. On the other hand , parents are the authority of a family, so we have to respect them and obey them under any circumstance. However, these are not advocated in the United States.American parents often teach their children to beindependent . Democracy is advocated in the family, so each member has gained the equal rights in the family status. Each individual is told that he has his right to choose his own life style, no one can stop him. Therefore ,in the American people's eyes, democracy and independence are the most significant elements to made up their lives.The other thing is that in China most people regard the house as their symbol of wealth. So having the private house is the main tendency of Chinese people. Because of this, the housing price is rising continually inChina to a degree that a number of people cannot afford it. And the housing problem has become a serious problem to limit people's living standard. Nevertheless, although America is the most developed nation in the world, its housing privatisation rate is well below China's. Many American people prefer to cohabitate instead of buying the expensive house by them.One another thing is that Chinese people regard money as rather an important role in their daily life. More and more people spend most of their time on work to get adequatemoney to support their family. In spite of weekends or vacations, people would rather look for part-time job than enjoy their holiday. It seems that Chinese always say we work day by day, and earn more money for our future generations. This is quite different from Americans. In their eyes, Life is so short, and alive is our great happiness. They just need to live in their own life, and let our children to live depending upon themselves.Because of the difference of traditional and historical concepts, the United Stateds and China are poles apart in our family values.While the two kinds of family values are in accordance with the Fundamental realities of each country . This will contribute the two countries to become the powerful nations in the world.。
浅谈美国传统家庭价值观
浅谈美国传统家庭价值观美国传统家庭价值观一直是人们津津乐道的话题。
在美国社会中，家庭一直被视为稳定和支持的基石，传统的家庭价值观也一直深受人们的尊重和重视。
本文将从几个方面来浅谈美国传统家庭价值观，探讨其对美国社会的影响。
美国传统家庭价值观强调家庭的重要性和稳定性。
在美国，家庭往往被视为一个人生的避风港，是一个人生活的基本单位。
传统的家庭价值观强调家庭成员之间的亲密关系和支持，鼓励家庭成员相互照顾和支持，共同面对生活中的挑战和困难。
家庭成员之间的关系被视为永恒的，而家庭的稳定则被视为社会的基础。
这种价值观在美国社会中根深蒂固，使得美国的家庭生活往往显得稳定、和谐。
美国传统家庭价值观注重家庭成员之间的责任和义务。
在传统的美国家庭中，父母往往被视为家庭的领导者，他们承担着照顾家庭成员、提供经济支持和教育子女的责任。
而子女则被视为家庭的希望，他们需要尊重父母、听从父母的安排，并且要努力学习和成长，为家庭和社会做出贡献。
这种家庭价值观强调了家庭成员之间的相互支持和理解，使得家庭成员之间的关系更加紧密，也使得家庭更加稳定。
美国传统家庭价值观强调了家庭的教育和传统。
在传统的美国家庭中，父母往往是子女的第一任老师，他们会教导子女如何做人、如何处理人际关系、如何学习和成长。
父母也会传承家庭的传统和价值观给子女，让他们了解家庭的历史和文化，培养他们对家庭的归属感和责任感。
这种家庭价值观使得家庭成员在成长过程中更加扎根，也使得家庭的传统和文化得以传承和发展。
美国传统家庭价值观对美国社会产生了深远的影响。
这种家庭价值观强调了家庭的重要性和稳定性，培养了家庭成员之间的责任和义务感，促进了家庭成员之间的沟通和交流，同时也传承和弘扬了家庭的教育和传统。
这种价值观不仅使得美国的家庭生活更加和谐稳定，也促进了社会的发展和进步。
随着社会的变革和发展，传统家庭价值观也面临着挑战和变迁。
现代社会中，家庭结构日益多样化，传统的家庭模式已经不能完全适应现代社会的需求。
美国价值观与观念American Values and Assumptions
美国价值观与观念随着们的成长，他们从他们的父母和其他亲戚，他们的老师，书籍，报纸，电视节目，互联网，以及各种其他来源学习某些价值和假设。
价值观和假设是紧密相关的，但它们之间存在着一定的差异。
在不同文化的方法中，男人和女人的角色的适当的角色提供了一个很好的例子，价值观和假设之间的关系。
价值观是对什么是正确和错误，可取和不可取的，正常和不正常，适当和不适当的想法。
例如，在某些文化中，人们教导人们应该在不同的社会世界中单独的社会世界，在男人的领域中有明确的活动，在其他文化中，男人和女人都被认为有更多或更少的平等参与社会中的角色。
观念，用在这里，是观念，是关于人的，生活的给予，，而事情的方式。
例如，在某些社会中，人们认为家庭生活是和谐的，当女人在家里和孩子们呆在家里时，他们会在家里赚钱。
在其他社会，人们认为家庭生活是最好的，当外界工作和抚养孩子的责任是由男人和女人共同分享的。
在一些社会中，人们认为当一个成熟的男人和女人单独在一起，性活动几乎肯定会发生。
在其他国家，柏拉图（即，性元素缺乏）未婚男女之间的友谊是可能的。
学者争论的定义，价值观，假设，和其他条款，出现在这本书。
但这本书不是为学者。
希望对美国有一定了解的国际游客。
那些想读更多学术著作的人在这里提出的问题可以参考书目的最后这本书。
在特定的文化中成长的人有一定的价值观和假设。
这并不意味着他们都在相同的程度上分享相同的价值观。
这确实意味着他们中的大多数，大部分时间，都同意对方的想法，对什么是正确的和错误的，可取的和不可取的，等等。
他们也同意，主要是，与彼此的假设有关的人性，社会关系，等等。
任何价值观和假设的任何一列都是天生的武断的。
这取决于如何定义和分类的东西，可以使一三项或一三零项国家的重大价值和假设清单。
下面提供的名单有八项，涵盖一系列的密切相关的价值观和美国人普遍持有的假设：个人主义，自由，竞争，和隐私；平等；非正式；未来，改变，进步；人性的善良；时间；成就，行动，工作，和唯物主义；而直接和自信。
浅谈美国传统家庭价值观
浅谈美国传统家庭价值观1. 引言1.1 美国传统家庭价值观的重要性美国传统家庭价值观在美国社会中占据着重要地位，它们不仅是家庭的基本构成和运作方式，更是塑造个人行为和社会规范的重要因素。
传统家庭价值观强调了家庭的稳定和亲情关系的重要性，注重家庭成员之间的相互尊重和支持。
这些价值观在塑造人们的行为方式、价值观念和社会观念上发挥着重要作用。
传统家庭价值观也是美国文化和社会制度的基础，它们对个人和社会的发展具有深远的影响。
通过传统家庭价值观的传承和弘扬，人们不仅能够建立稳定的家庭关系，更能够培养出善良、正直、负责任的个人品格。
传统家庭价值观还体现了社会秩序和道德规范，促进了社会的稳定和发展。
传统家庭价值观的重要性不容忽视。
它们不仅是保持家庭和社会稳定的关键，更是传承和发展美国文化的基础。
尊重和传承传统家庭价值观，对于塑造健康的家庭关系、提升社会凝聚力和建设美好社会具有重要意义。
【完】2. 正文2.1 家庭作为美国社会的基石美国传统家庭价值观认为家庭是社会的基石，家庭是社会中最基本的单位，是个人成长和发展的重要场所。
家庭提供了爱与支持，是人们在困难时刻的避风港，也是人们在成功时分享喜悦的地方。
在美国社会中，家庭扮演着至关重要的角色，不仅是个人成长的关键，也是社会秩序的基础。
家庭是个人道德观念和价值观念的主要来源，是培养下一代的重要场所。
在这个家庭中，人们学会了尊重、责任、勤劳和互助，这些品质在日后的生活和工作中至关重要。
在美国社会中，大多数人选择遵循传统家庭价值观，认为家庭应该是一个温馨和谐的地方，父母应该教育孩子尊重他人，善良友善。
不论是在农村还是城市，家庭都扮演着至关重要的角色，给人们提供了稳定和安全的环境。
家庭教育不仅传承了智慧和经验，也传递了人文主义和道德观念。
这些传统价值观塑造了一个善良、宽容和有爱心的社会，促进了社会的和谐发展和稳定。
在美国社会中，家庭作为基石的角色无可替代，它支撑着整个社会的运转，传承了文化和信仰，是美国社会的重要组成部分。
中美家庭价值观对比研究On the Differences of Family Values between China and America
四川师范大学文理学院本科毕业论文On the Differences of Family Values between Chinaand America试论中美文化家庭价值观的差异学生姓名潘婷院系名称外国语学院专业名称英语（师范）班级 2010级 3班学号 201014015315指导教师覃红霞（讲师）答辩时间试论中美家庭价值观的差异学生：潘婷指导教师：覃红霞 ( 讲师 )摘要：家庭是人类最基本的单位元素，反映了一个社会的道德观。
家庭价值观是文化研究的核心，直接影响着家庭成员在社会中的言语和行为。
也就是说整个社会的价值观很大程度上是由家庭价值观所决定的。
但是，由于地理、历史背景、传统文化、宗教信仰的不同，不同的民族有不同的家庭价值观。
随着经济全球化的快速发展，中美跨文化交际变得越来越频繁和重要，然而，由于家庭价值观的不同，在跨文化交际中的误解时有发生，学习不同国家的家庭价值观是很有必要的。
本文通过对中美两国家庭价值观的对比，使人们了解由于价值观的不同而产生的人们对婚姻，子女关系，家庭教育观念的不同看法，从而减少跨文化交际中因误解而产生的不必要的冲突。
关键词：家庭价值观；子女关系；教育；婚姻；成因On the Differences of Family Values Between Chinaand AmericaAbstract：Family is the most fundamental unit of human society, and it reflects the moral outlook of a society. Family value is the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a direct influence on people‟s behaviour and thi nking.That is to say ,the values of the society ,to a large extent, depends on people‟s Family values. However,because of the differences of geographical and historical background, traditional cultures, religious and belief, different nations have different family values.With the rapid development of economic globalization, cross-cultural communication between china and America is becoming more and more important and frequent. However, because of different family values, misunderstanding happens commonly in the cross-cultural communication.so it is necessary to know the different family values in different countries. This paper paper aims to help Chinese people and American people to further understand each other by comparing the two counties family values and reduce unnecessary conflicts caused by misunderstanding in cross-cultural communication.Key words:family values; relations between parents and children; marriage; family education; reasonsContentsIntroduction (1)Chapter 1 Definitions of Family, Values and Family Values (2)1.1 Definition of Family (2)1.2 Definition of Family Values (3)1.2.1 The decisive family value of China: collectivism (3)1.2.2 The definitive family value of America: individualism (4)Chapter 2 Differences between Chinese and American Family Values (5)2.1 the differences of relationship between parents and children (5)2.1.1 Chinese relationship between parents and children (5)2.1.2 Ameiricans relationship between parents and children (6)2.2 The concept of Family Education (6)2.2.1 Chinese concept of family education (7)2.2.2 American concept of family education (8)2.3 The concept of Marriage (9)2.3.1 Chinese concept of marriage (9)2.3.2 American concept of marriage (10)Chapter 3 Reasons for the Differences between Chinese and American Family Values (12)3.1 Geographic reason ..................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
American Family Values美国家庭价值观 PPT
Republicans
They use it to attract the socialy conservative, tying it in with the
nuclear family and (most of the time) Christian values. These values include:
American Family Values美国家庭价值观
What Does It Mean?
When asked about their family values, most people find it difficult to define. In today’s age, the very definition of family varies. The “values” are the beliefs and morales that are important to that family.
大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
Contemporary Beliefs
Support for the universal living wage model to improve livelihood Belief in acceptance of non-traditional families that may include same-sex and polygamous long-term relationships, as well as single-parent families Belief in a woman's right to abortion Belief in Planned Parenthood programs that offer contraception Belief in government-funded financial aid to families Support for sex education in public schools Belief in practicing and teaching tolerance, patience and understanding for alternative lifestyles Belief in universal healthcare and family-friendly employment laws (maternity leave, personal leave, emergency family leave) Support for freedom of religion
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Study comparing 1976, 1986, & 2007:
Self-Respect increased Sense of Security decreased
Society more selfconfidant and indivator
Traditional Beliefs
Opposition to pre-marital sex Opposition to same-sex marriage Belief in traditional home-based roles for women Belief in Christian-based values Opposition to some elements of feminism Opposition to abortion while actively supporting abstinence education Belief in adoption as an alternative to abortion Belief in programs and public policies that shield children from exploitation Opposition to separation of church and state Belief in father as head-of-household
Traditionally
The man is the breadwinner. The woman is the caretaker of the home and children. Raising their biological children and teaching them the American Values: Freedom, Hard Work, Competitive.
The Change
The traditional family has been changing over the last century (1900), but especially since the 1950s. The Republican Party has adopted that they represent “traditional” family values since the 1980s. Democrats are more broad in their definition of the family and focus more working family values.
So…they have changed…?
1998 Study: 52% of women and 42% of men --"loving, taking care of, and supporting each other" 38% of women and 35% of men --"knowing right from wrong and having good values" 2% of women and 1% men -"traditional family" The survey noted that 93% of all women thought that society should value all types of families
Democrats
They don’t define the family in the traditional sense, or use it to promote conservative morality. They promote: Alternative family structures (Same-Sex Couples, SingleParent Housholds, Adoption of children by gay couples) Acces to contraception and abortion Living wage Sex eduction Social Programs Financial Aid for familes
Republicans
They use it to attract the socialy conservative, tying it in with the
nuclear family and (most of the time) Christian values. These values include: opposition to sex outside of marriage Traditional gender roles No Gay Marriage Anti-Abortion Conservative legislation and education policies
Interesting Findings
Population studies have found that in 2004 and 2008, liberal-voting ("blue") states have lower rates of divorce and teenage pregnancy than conservative-voting ("red") states. June Carbone, author of Red Families vs. Blue Families, opines that the driving factor is that people in liberal states tend to wait longer before getting married. A 2002 government survey found that 95% of adult Americans had had premarital sex. The median age of first premarital sex has dropped in that time (1950s) from 20.4 to 17.6.
Both Agree:
Loving and supporting family unit the one Good morales and strong attributes in their children
Concluseion
There are differences between the “traditiona” and “modern” values and definition of the American family. Yet they still uphold the core American Values, e.g. self-expression, independence, hard-work, competitive, self-reliance….
American Family Values
American Society and Culture May 2015 Tianhua College
What Does It Mean?
When asked about their family values, most people find it difficult to define. In today’s age, the very definition of family varies. The “values” are the beliefs and morales that are important to that family.
Contemporary Beliefs
Support for the universal living wage model to improve livelihood Belief in acceptance of non-traditional families that may include same-sex and polygamous long-term relationships, as well as single-parent families Belief in a woman's right to abortion Belief in Planned Parenthood programs that offer contraception Belief in government-funded financial aid to families Support for sex education in public schools Belief in practicing and teaching tolerance, patience and understanding for alternative lifestyles Belief in universal healthcare and family-friendly employment laws (maternity leave, personal leave, emergency family leave) Support for freedom of religion