国际经济学(1-4单元单项选择题以及答案)

International Economics’ Middle Test1. The mercantilists would have objected to:a. Export promotion policies initiated by the governmentb. The use of tariffs or quotas to restrict importsc. Trade policies designed to accumulate gold and other precious metalsd. International trade based on open markets2. Unlike Adam Smith, David Ricardo’s trading principle emphasizes the:a. Demand side of the marketb. Supply side of the marketc. Role of comparative costsd. Role of absolute costs3. A nation that gains from trade will find its consumption point being located:a. Inside its production possibilities curveb. Along its production possibilities curvec. Outside its production possibilities curved. None of the above4. If a production possibilities curve is bowed out (i.e., concave) in appearance, production occurs under conditions of:a. Constant opportunity costsb. Increasing opportunity costsc. Decreasing opportunity costsd. Zero opportunity costs5. Increasing opportunity costs suggest that:a. Resources are not perfectly shiftable between the production of two goodsb. Resources are fully shiftable between the production of two goodsc. A country’s production possibilities curve appears as a straight lined. A country’s produ ction possibilities curve is bowed inward (i.e., convex) in appearance6. The trading-triangle concept is used to indicate a nation’s:a. Exports, marginal rate of transformation, terms of tradeb. Imports, terms of trade, marginal rate of transformationc. Marginal rate of transformation, imports, exportsd. Terms of trade, exports, imports7. The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated with:a. Adam Smithb. David Ricardoc. Eli Heckscherd. Bertil Ohlin8. When a nation achieves autarky equilibrium:a. Input price equals final product priceb. Labor productivity equals the wage ratec. Imports equal exportsd. Production equals consumption9. The gains from international trade increase as:a. A nation consumes inside of its production possibilities scheduleb. A nation consumes along its production possibilities schedulec. The international terms of trade rises above the nation’s autarky priced. The international terms of trad e approaches the nation’s autarky price10. Under free trade, Canada would not enjoy any gains from trade with Sweden if Canada:a. Trades at the Canadian rate of transformationb. Trades at Sweden’s rate of transformationc. Specializes completely in the production of its export goodd. Specializes partially in the production of its export good11. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:a. Improve the terms of tradeb. W orsen the terms of tradec. Expand the production possibilities curved. Contract the production possibilities curve12. A term-of-trade index that equals 90 indicates that compared to the base year:a. It requires a greater output of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsb. It requires a lesser amount of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsc. The price of exports has fallen from $100 to $90d. The price of imports has fallen from $100 to $9013. The use of indifference curves helps us determine the point:a. Along the production possibilities curve a country will chooseb. At which a country maximizes its resource productivityc. At which a country ceases to become competitived. Where the marginal rate of transformation approaches zero14. The equilibrium prices and quantities established after trade are fully determinate if we know:a. The location of all countries’ indifference curvesb. The shape of each country’s production possibilities curvec. The comparative costs of each trading partnerd.The strength of world supply and demand for each good15. In the absence of trade, a nation is in equilibrium where a community indifference curve:a. Lies above its production possibilities curveb. Is tangent to its production possibilities curvec. Intersects its production possibilities curved. Lies below its production possibilities curve16. Which of the following is false concerning indifference curves?a. They illustrate how the nation ranks alternative consumption bundlesb. Higher curves refer to more satisfactionc.They are negatively sloped, being bowed out away from the diagram’s origind.They reflect the tastes and preferences of a consumer17. The marginal rate of substitution is measured by the absolute value of the slope of a (an):a. Production possibilities curveb. Indifference curvec. Production possibilities curved. Demand curve18. According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced when the countries:a. Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmoniousb. Experience economies of large-scale production over large output levelsc. Face dissimilar relative abundances of the factors of productiond. Find their per capita income levels to be approximately the same19. Which of the following is a long-run theory, emphasizing changes in the trading position of a nation over a number of years?a. Theory of factor endowmentsparative advantage theoryc.Theory of the product cycled.Overlapping demand theory20. The Leontief paradox questioned the validity of the theory of:a. Comparative advantageb. Factor endowmentsc. Overlapping demandsd. Absolute advantage21. When considering the effects of transportation costs, the conclusions of our trade model must be modified. This is because transportation costs result in:a. Lower trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from tradeb. Lower trade volume, lower import prices, smaller gains from tradec. Higher trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from traded. Higher trade volume, lower import prices, greater gains from trade22. Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin are associated with the theory of comparative advantage that stresses differences in:a. Income levels among countriesb. Tastes and preferences among countriesc. Resource endowments among countriesd. Labor productivities among countries23. A firm is said to enjoy economies of scale over the range of output for which the long-run average cost is:a. Increasingb. Constantc. Decreasingd. None of the above24. Which of the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands?a. Manufactured goodsb. Servicesc. Primary productsd. None of the above25. Which trade theory is tantamount to a short-run version of the factor price equalization theory?a. Specific factors theoryb. Product life cycle theoryc. Economies of scale theoryd. Overlapping demand theory26. Intraindustry trade can be explained in part by:a. Adam Smith’s principle of absolute advantageb. Perfect competition in product marketsc. Diseconomies of large scale productiond. Transportation costs between and within nations27. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory?a. Calculators and computersb. Coal and crude oilc. Home movie camerasd. Office machinery28. According to the factor endowment model, countries heavily endowed with land will:a. Devote excessive amounts of resources to agricultural production c. Export products that are land-intensiveb. Devote insufficient amounts of resources to agricultural production d. Import products that are land-intensive29. Given free trade, small nations tend to benefit the most from trade since they:a. Are more productive than their large trading partnersb. A re less productive than their large trading partnersc. Have demand preferences and income levels lower than their large trading partnersd. Enjoy terms of trade lying near the opportunity costs of their large trading partners30. The terms of trade is given by the prices:a. Paid for all goods imported by the home countryb. Received for all goods exported by the home countryc. Received for exports and paid for importsd. Of primary products as opposed to manufactured productsAnswer:dccba dbdca baadb cbdcb accaa dbcdc。