月港开放与世界贸易网络的形成

月港开放与世界贸易网络的形成摘要：本文以我国历代文献典籍和相关研究资料为依据，试从世界经济贸易发展和世界贸易网络的高度，通过对漳州月港的兴起、月港通番与西方势力的东进、准贩东西二洋与月港的对外贸易、朝贡贸易的衰落与新的贸易格局的形成等四个方面的阐述，阐明明代在反海禁斗争和西方势力东进的过程中，漳州月港与东南亚和欧美各国的海上贸易活动在世界经济贸易网络中的地位和作用。

关键词：明代月港开放，准贩东西二洋，世贸网络。

The opening of yuegang and the formation of world trading networkAbstract: this paper is based on the ancient books and records and other related research materials, try to present the role and function of yue-gang port of Zhang Zhou in the world economic trade network, by the oversea trading between southeast Asia, Europe and America countries, during the processions of the fights against the ban of maritime trade and the expantion of western forces in Ming dynasty, from the view of the development of the world economic trading and world trading network. This passage will elaborate from four aspect :the rise of yue-gang port of Zhang Zhou ,the opning of yuegang port and the expantion of westernforces, the permission of trading between east and west oceans and opening trading of yuegang, the decline of tributary trade and the formation of new trade pattern.Key words: the opening of yuegang in Ming dynasty , permission of trade between east and west oceans , network of world tradeThe Opening of Moon Port and the FormationofWorid Trade NetworkOn the basis of Chinese ancient books and historical records as well as somerelated research materials，the author of this paper,viewing from the development ofworld economic trade and world trade network,Uies to expoundthe rise of Moon Port in Zhangzhou,trade relations between Moon Port and theoutside world，the expansion of Western countries to the East,the Chinese government’s permission for trade between Moon Port and Southeast Asian andWestern countries,1he decline of tribute tvdde and the formation of nff 诵／tradestructure，so as to illuminate the role and posi tion of Moon Port in the marineWdde tral删on5 with Southeastern Asian,European and American countriesand in the world trade network during the struggle against the ban on marinetrade and the expm强ion of Western countries in the Ming Dynasty as well as inthe formation ofworld trade network．Keywords the operling of Moon Port in the Ming Dynastyg Permission fortrade b02weon Moon Port and Southeast Asian and Western countfies；worldⅡ明代中后期中国东南沿海与世界贸易体系义下载阅读内容摘要本文以明中叶至清前期海洋管理中朝廷与地方的关系为研究对象，将包括月港、厦门港、鹿耳门港在内的闽台海港纳入到海洋管理的范畴内，探讨海乱过后，明清两朝中央政府在中原王朝体制之下所作出的因应措施。

同时，围绕明代海澄(月港)舶税征收制度化、清代禁南洋案和闽台对渡贸易三个主题，分别对月港、厦门港和鹿耳门港做个案分析，展现此三个海港具体运作中地方海洋社会的生动场景，并通过比较分析，力图揭示：在明中叶至清前期海洋管理制度之下，中央朝廷与地方官府、地方海洋社会之间的复杂关系，从中透视明清两朝政府在边疆治理问题上的得失。

明中叶以后，中国东南沿海地区海洋活动日益频繁，海洋管理问题逐渐成为中央王朝不可回避的重要题。

本时期的闽台海港在进入中央王朝统治视野之前，均已存在自己的运作系统，地方海洋社会已有了一定的发展规模。

海乱是海港发展的一个重要契机。

在中原王朝体制之下，明清两朝政府加强了军事上和行政上的管理，并实行开海贸易。

此后，在各种因素的影响下，海洋管理制度不断得到调整，以因应形势的发展。

通过分析论证，我们看到了明清两朝政府在海洋管理中运用了严厉控制与温和协调两种方式，在实践中显示出一步步摸索的轨迹，其成效也日益显现。

海洋管理制度的演变与从事海疆管理的实践者的个人努力关系密切。

关键词；海洋管理；朝廷：地方；海洋社会Research on the Relation ofCen行al Government and Marine Region under MarineAdministration from theMiddle Ming to the Early Qing—————————AbstractTms paper was the research on the relation of central government and marineregion under marine administration from the middle Ming to the early Qing，andfocusing on Yuegang,Xiamen and Lu’ermen seaports，which were brought into theview of marine administration of the category．Then we discussed some measures which central government had taken under the traditionadynasty system after themarine disorder．In the meantime，we took the course of shipping revenue collectingofYuegang seaport in Ming Dynasty,the case of banning trade with Southeast Asia in Qing Dynasty and the trade between Fujian and Taiwan as three topics，and made caseanalysis to display the vivid scene of marine society．Through comparatively analysis，we found complicated relations among central governmenregiongovernmentandmarine society under marine administration view from the middle Ming to the earlyQing,and we also realized gain and loss of matter in the frontier．After the middle Ming,the Chinese southeast foreland marine activity Wasmultifarious dayby day and the marine administration problem became the important subject that the central government could not get around．At that time，Yuegang，Xiamen and Lu’ermen seaports had already existed an own operation system beforegetting into the rule visual field of the central government，and marine region alreadyhad a certain development scale．Marine disorder offered an important chance to thedevelopment of seaports．Under traditional dynasty system，central governmentstrengthened military and executive administration，and decided to open ban onmarine trade restrictedly．From then 0n，under the influence of various factors，thesystem of marine administration adjusted again and again to respond to thedevelopment of situation．Through analytical argument，we saw Ming and Qing central government madeuse of scathing control as well as moderate coordination in the marine administration，and showed a groping track in the fulfillment step by step，and its results also presented day by day．The evolvement of marine administration system had a closerelation with endeavor of the men who wereengaged in the marine administration．Key Words：Marine administration；Central government；Regions；Marine societyII。