自考国际商务英语lesson12
国际商务英语Chapter 12 E-commerce
buying and selling products and information on the Internet and other on-line services.
• e-business
Business models applied to electronic marketing to consumers
• Direct marketing versus indirect marketing
Direct marketing means that manufacturers advertise and distribute their own products to customers via the Internet-base electronic store (or other telemarketing media) without intervention of any intermediaries. On the other hand, indirect marketing means the products are distributed through third-party intermediaries such as emails.
• Consumer-to-business (C2B): This category includes individuals
who sell products or services to organizations, as well as individuals who seek sellers, interact with them, and conclude a transaction.
国际商务英语笔记1-12课
Lesson 11. International trade: can be defined as the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another.2. International specialization: one country producing more of a commoditythan it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries.3. The theory of comparative advantage: holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i.e. it has absolute disadvantage in producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.4.国际专业化：international specialization 绝对利益：absolute advantage比较利益：comparative advantage5. rich in advantage over point on across borders6.Translation:(1) 在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。
In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self- sufficient.(2) 随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。
2023年自考专业(国贸)《国际商务英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(国贸)《国际商务英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We take the liberty____writing to you with a hope to get your best offers for Chinese bicycles.A.toB. inC.ofD.with2.【单选题】The letter we sent last week is an enquiry _______ color TV sets.A.aboutB. forC.ofD.as3.【单选题】Please see to it that the goods we ordered are shipped as soon as the covering letter of credit ______ you.A.getsesC.arrivesD. reaches4.【单选题】We agree to the amendments to the contract _____requested in your letter of May5.A.asB.likeC. to beD. when5.【单选题】Our bank offers minimum interest ______ for seller financing and for loans of cash.A.levelsB.ratesC.basesD.percentage6.【单选题】We regret the need for you to write to us and hope the steps we are taking____the safe arrival of all your orders in the future.A.insureB. assureC.sureD.ensure7.【单选题】On receipt of your instruction, we shall carry out this order ______.A.in returnB.without least delayC.with least delayD.without delays8.【单选题】The importer will go to the wharf and____delivery of the goods.A.makeB.effectC.fulfillD.take9.【单选题】After unpacking the case we found the goods did not____with the original sample.pareB. matchC.agreeD.measure10.【单选题】____shipment, please amend the L/C to allow transshipment.A.RegardingB.CoveringC.ConcerningD. Referring11.【单选题】We cannot accept any fresh orders _______ heavy commitments.A.due toB.owing toC.becauseD.on account of12.【单选题】Because there is no direct steamer from here to your port, we suggest that you____trans-shipment at Hong Kong.A.may acceptB.acceptC.must acceptD. can accept13.【单选题】Many international companies produce a large number of products, often divided into product________.A.categoriesB.mixC.brandsD.lines14.【单选题】We would like to take this ______ to establish business relations with you.A.openingB.opportunityC. stepD.advantage15.【单选题】We have received your enquiry of October 15_____we learn that you are interested in our Sewing Machines.A.from whichB.in whichC. whichD.at which16.【单选题】______our catalogues for your reference.A.EnclosingB. Please find encloseC.Enclosed please findD.Enclosure17.【单选题】No discount will be allowed ____ you could place an order for more than 5,000pcs.A.untilB. exceptC.besidesD.unless18.【单选题】The credit of letter will be confirmed by the Bank of China, Shanghai, that will _______your draft on the documents at sight for the amount of your invoice.A. acceptB.pay forC. receiveD.obtain19.【单选题】To comply with your request, we are quoting you _____.A.as followingB.as followC. as followsD.follow20.【单选题】As we are ____ the market for Table cloth, we should be glad if you would send us your best quotation。
自考高级英语下Lesson 12 The Everlasting Witness
retroactive
• descriptive of any event or stimulus or process that has an effect on the effects of events or stimuli or process that occurred previously对以前的人或事有作用的
Lesson Twelve
The Everlasting Witness
felicitous
well-chosen and suitable OPP infelicitous
– Her choice of music is felicitous. 她选择的音 乐很适当.
serene
• very calm or peaceful
for that matter
• used to say that what you are saying about one thing is also true about something else同样地
– Ben never touched beer, or any kind of alcohol for that matter.
– My knee’s been playing me up this week.
• play up to somebody: to behave in a very polite or kind way to someone because you want something from them企图博得 ... 的好感； 讨好
grimace
• to twist your face in an ugly way because you do not like something, because you are feeling pain, or because you are trying to be funny扮鬼脸，作 怪相，装鬼脸，作苦相
国际商务英语第12章.ppt
XXX
8 Sentences for Doing English-Chinese and Chinese-English
Translating Practices:
1. I am 22 years of age, make a good appearance and get along exceedingly well with people.
I am a boy of 22 years old and shall be graduated from Shanghai XX University next year. My major is International Trade. The courses which I have taken in my University are International Marketing, International Business Law, Foreign Trade English, Negotiation Technique, English Interpreting and etc. and my marks in all these courses examinations have all been excellent. Last year I got an opportunity to work as a parttime English interpreter in a foreign trade company and got some favorable experiences in doing this work which has greatly increased not only my interest, but also my self-confidence in selecting this job as my lifework. During your Spring Fair I happen to have some spare time, the period of which is suitable for your Fair. So I send you my application for this provisional work. If necessary, I would like to visit you at your appointed time. My telephone number is XXXXXX.
自考国际商务英语05844重点7-22
E: EXW F: FCA, FAS, FOB C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP
What are the four different categories of terms in Incoterms 2000? In Incoterms 2000, the terms have been grouped in four basically different categories: Group E (departure), Group F (Main carriage unpaid), Group C (Main carriage paid) and Group D (Arrival).
The settling of a contract合同的构成 The title The contract proper
The name and address of the buyer and the seller The details of the commodity transaction The terms and conditions mutually agreed
The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms
Spread of customs-free zones无关税区的发
展 Changes in transportation practices运输方式 的变化 Increased use of electronic communication 电子通讯使用的增加
Lesson 9 modes of trade
商务英语Unit-12-参考答案
Unit 12 StrategyPart I Business V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 Your order is packed in cartons lined with ___C____________ material.A water-tightB water-provedC water-proofD water-proven2You may rest assured that the ______B_______ will be seaworthy.A packageB packingC packD packaging3We require the bicycles to be packed in a wooden case __C____ with soft materials.A fullB supportedC paddedD surrounded4 There is always a lot of ______B______ to attend to on a Monday morning.A lettersB correspondenceC communicationsD information5 We will pack the goods according to our usual practice if we do not hear from you __ B the contrary.A onB toC inD as6 The mass production C lower cost.A result fromB result onC results inD resulted with7 The overall D _____ of the case are 100cm×80cm×60cm.A volumeB weightC capacityD dimensions8 Please have the goods packed in strong packing, so as to prevent the case_____D____ damage.A inB out ofC outD from9 The notice given by the shipper after the shipment of the goods is called shippingC .A noticeB instructionC adviceD documents10 We hope that your customers will not object to A the goods in wooden case.A packingB packC wrapD wrapping11 Your body __C___ usually gives other people information about how you really feel.A looksB impressionC languageD relationship12 John and Jackson are business _____C________ and have arranged to meet at thesales conference.A representativesB customersC associatesD officers13 I’ve given the latest sales _____B_______ to our General Manager but he hasn’thad a chance to look at them yet.A amountsB figuresC volumeD facts14 Make sure that the addressee’s job ____A__________ is correct.A titleB styleC nameD type15 A well written letter always gives a good ______C________.A ideaB responseC impressionD point16 If you are __D___________ in attending, please let me know as soon as possible.A concernedB pleasedC wantedD interested17 You must _____A_______ your application by the end of the week.A submitB subdueC subscribeD subcontract18 We should ___B__ staff to maintain the no-smoking policy throughout thebuilding.A suggestB encourageC manageD discourage19 We are writing to _____D______ the arrangements we made with you.A conductB makeC confineD confirm20 I’ll put you _______C________ to the Sales Department.A overB offC throughD inPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 董事会board of directors2 工会代表union representatives3 合资企业Joint venture4 电影发行Film distribution5 经济运动an economy drive6 成本削减Cost cutting7 宗旨说明mission statements8 研究型公司a research-based company9 公司合并Company merger10 公司战略company strategy11 管理空缺Management opening12 管理团队Management team13 经销渠道Distribution channel14 并购acquisition15 商业伙伴Business partner16 发展态势development trend17 股东年度大会annual general meeting18 收购出价a takeover bid19 公司标志Company logo20 特许经营体制Franchising systemPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.The takeover is the biggest made by a western pharmaceuticals producers in eastEurope.该收购是西方制药生产商在东欧的最大的一次收购。
2023年10月自考05844国际商务英语试题及答案含评分标准
㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀绝密 考试结束前2023年10月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844㊀㊀1.请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上㊂㊀㊀2.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1.customs invoice2.trade terms3.idle funds4.hyperinflation5.inventory6.face value7.value chain8.affiliate 9.premium 10.balance of payments Ⅱ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)11.贸易惯例12.债务人13.报价14.贴现15.货号16.有价证券17.关税配额18.特许经营19.反向购买20.缔约方浙05844#国际商务英语试题第1页(共3页)Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)21.discrepancy22.turnkey contract23.integration24.liability25.revenuemercial intercourse27.remedy28.devaluation29.drawee30.drawer a.the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currenciesb.method of putting right something that is wrong.c.the person who issues a draft,usually the exporterd.business dealings between individuals or firmse.one in which one of the parties agrees to supply,at the contract price,a complete product ready for use,such as a new home, factory,etc.bining into a wholeg.the total annual income of a stateh.what one is responsible for according to lawi.the person to whom a draft is drawnj.difference;absence of agreementⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)31.anti-dumping32.absolute advantage33.buyback34.documents against acceptance35.PPPⅤ.Answer the following questions in English.(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)36.How does WTO differ from GATT?37.What are the factors that have changed the transportation industry?38.What are the two types of business negotiations?39.Please describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese.(本大题共2小题,第40小题7分,第41小题8分,共15分)40.The bulk of international trade is done in the general mode of buying and selling of goods and services by means of money and the market.Under specific conditions,however,special modes of transactions may be adopted to better realize one s business purposes.浙05844#国际商务英语试题第2页(共3页)41. Letter of credit is often shortened as L/C,and is sometimes referred to as banker s credit , or commercial credit .Modern credits were introduced in the second half of the19th century and had great development after the First World War.The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English.(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分)42.外汇汇率有三种形式,即:买进汇率㊁售出汇率和两者的平均值 中间汇率㊂43.国外直接投资主要有三种形式:建立新企业㊁购买现有设备和建立合资公司㊂44.国家从事的贸易种类是多样的㊁复杂的,往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合㊂45.许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处,但同时也有强烈的反对声音㊂46.如果信用证可以由原受益人转让给另一个或几个人,那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证㊂浙05844#国际商务英语试题第3页(共3页)绝密 启用前2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考(课程代码㊀05844)Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1.海关发票2.贸易术语3.游资4.极度通货膨胀5.库存6.面值7.价值链8.分支机构9.保险费10.国际收支ʌ评分标准ɔ译文正确或基本正确得1分,否则不得分㊂Ⅱ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)11.trading practices12.debtor13.quotation14.discount15.article number16.securities17.tariff quota18.franchising19.counter purchase20.contracting partyʌ评分标准ɔ译文正确或基本正确得1分,否则不得分㊂Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)21.j22.e23.f24.h25.g26.d27.b28.a29.i30.cʌ评分标准ɔ信息匹配正确得1分,否则不得分㊂国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考第1页(共3页)Ⅳ.Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)31.anti-dumping:One form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industriesfrom unfair competition(1分)by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured.(1分)32.absolute advantage:The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will beproduced(1分)in the country where it costs least in terms of resources.(1分) 33.buyback:An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment(1分)to take back in thefuture part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.(1分) 34.documents against acceptance:Documents are handed over to the importer upon hisacceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter.(1分)Payment will not be made until a later date.(1分)35.PPP:purchasing power parity(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)释义正确且无语言错误者得2分㊂(2)释义基本正确,但有一些语言错误者得1分㊂(3)释义错误或不答题者不得分㊂Ⅴ.Answer the following questions in English.(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分) 36.Firstly,the GATT is only an agreement rather than an organizational entity while the WTOis a permanent organization.(2分)Secondly,the WTO has a much broader mandate.(1分)Thirdly,the WTO has far greater enforcement power and it has a clearly defined dispute settlement mechanism.(2分)37.Four factors:transportation deregulation;(1分)just-in-time inventory systems;(1分)competition based on high levels of customer service;(2分)globalization of business.(1分) 38.Two types of business negotiation:Oral negotiation refers to direct discussions conducted attrade fairs or by sending trade groups abroad or by inviting foreign customers.(2.5分) Written negotiation often begins with enquiries made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered.(2.5分)39.The characteristics of MNEs are given as follows:1)MNEs are generally enormous in size;(1.5分)2)Wide geographical spread is also characteristic of MNEs;(1.5分)3)Another general characteristic of MNEs is their longevity and rapid growth.(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)回答正确,语言准确或有个别小错误,得5分㊂(2)回答正确,但有少量语言错误,得4分㊂(3)回答基本正确,但有一些语言错误,得3分㊂(4)回答基本正确,但有一些严重语言错误,得1-2分㊂(5)回答错误或不答则为0分㊂国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考第2页(共3页)Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese.(本大题共2小题,第40小题7分,第41小题8分,共15分)40.大部分国际贸易都是通过货币和市场,(2分)以买卖商品和服务的形式进行的㊂(2分)然而在某些特定情况下,(1分)也会采取一些特殊贸易方式以更好地实现自己的商业目的㊂(2分)41.信用证经常简写为L/C,(1分)有时被称为 银行信用证 或者 商业信用证 ㊂(1分)现代信用证出现于19世纪后半叶,(1分)第一次世界大战后得到了较大发展㊂(1分)信用证是银行在进口商的要求下所签发的信函,(2分)在此函中,银行承诺在卖方提交有关单据后付款㊂(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)意思正确,语言准确,仅有个别小错,得满分7或8分㊂(2)意思正确,但有少量语言错误,得6-7分㊂(3)意思基本正确,但有少量语言错误,得4-5分㊂(4)意思基本正确,但有一些严重语言错误,得1-3分㊂(5)意思不正确或不答题则为0分㊂Ⅶ.Translate the following into English.(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分) 42.There are three types of foreign exchange price,(2分)namely:the buying rate,(1分)the selling rate(1分)and the average of the previous two the medial rate.(1分) 43.FDI is mainly practiced in three forms:(2分)building new enterprises,(1分)purchasing existing facilities(1分)and forming joint ventures.(1分)44.The kinds of trade nations engage in(2分)are varied and complex,(1分)often amixture of visible and invisible trade.(2分)45.While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought about by economic globalization,(3分)there are also loud voices of opposition.(2分)46.If a credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties,(3分)it isa transferable credit.(2分)ʌ评分标准ɔ(1)翻译正确,无语言错误,得5分㊂(2)翻译基本正确,但有个别小的语言错误,得4分㊂(3)翻译基本正确,但有语言错误,其中一些为严重错误,得2-3分㊂(4)翻译与原意出入较大,且语言严重错误,得1分㊂(5)翻译错误或不答则为0分㊂国际商务英语试题答案及评分参考第3页(共3页)。
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(2) The limitations of the letter of credit A. Inability to provide absolute security B. Being more expensive than other forms of payment
Trade Terms
• The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular transaction, and the contraction parties should make their best choice according to the specific conditions.
International Business English Lesson 12 The Letter of Credit (II)
Business Knowledge
(1) Major types of credits and their functions, forms and mechanism A. Clean credit and documentary credit B. Revocable credit and irrevocable credit C. Confirmed credit and unconfirmed credit D. Sight credit and usance credit E. Transferable credit and non-transferable credit F. Non-draft credit G. Revolving credit
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7. Confirmed credit 保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank 8. Leading bank (Prime bank, First rate bank) 主要银行 9. Sight credit 即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank. ance credit (Term credit, Time credit) 远期信用证 :The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight. 11.Capital turnover 资金周转 12.Face value 面值
17. Deferred payment 延期付款 18. Revolving credit 循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made. 19. Insolvent 无支付能力的 20. The documentary credit 跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft. 21. A particular transaction 一笔特定的交易
• Letters of credit are classified into different types according to their function, form and mechanism.
• Clean letters of credit are mainly used in non-trade settlement, while the documentary credits are generally used in commodity trade.
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13. Transferable credit 可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties. 14. Non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证: The credit can not be transferred. 15. Non-draft credit 无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft. 16. Discount 折扣
• A little of credit is called transferable if it can be transferred by its original beneficiary to one or more parties. The original beneficiary is called the first beneficiary and the party (or parties) the credit is transferred to is called the second beneficiary.
• • • 1. Clean credit 光票信用证: The credits only require clean draft. 2. Non-trade settlement 非贸易结算 3. Revocable credit 可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary. 4. Irrevocable credit 不可撤消信用证: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned. 5. Maturity 到期，满期 6. Nationalize 国有化
• In theபைடு நூலகம்case of sight credits, payment can be made promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable documents.
• A usance credit obviously calls for a time draft, and the usance varies from 30, 60, to as long as 180 days.