国际商务英语串讲讲义
国际商务英语授课国际商务2
Political Economy of International Trade
Ⅰ. Instruments of Trade Policy
7 main instruments of trade policy --- tariffs
--- who gains: ☺ --- government: raising revenue for government --- domestic producers: protection
Political Economy of International Trade
Ⅰ. Instruments of Trade Policy
7 main instruments of trade policy --- subsidies
--- main gains: ☺ --- helping domestic firms to be a first-mover --- helping domestic firms to gain as a major global company
Political Economy of International Trade
Introduction
free trade
Political Economy of International Trade
Introduction
free trade --- a situation where a government does not attempt to restrict
--- who suffers: --- consumers: pay more for certain imports
Political Economy of International Trade
商务英语讲义主要内容
Unit 1Try to be: friendly, alert, calm, skillful, honest, confident, intelligent, nice, helpful, distinct, politeTry not to be: sleepy, unclear, lazy, dishonest, clumsy, stupid, prejudiced, inefficient, unhelpful, rude, offhandgreeting and saying goodbyeAddressing peopleClothsTable mannersVisiting someone’s homeGiving gifts and flowersTitle +surname+(given name)Miss Mrs. Ms.1.4non-verbal signals and body language may influence the way people seeyou.a.The style of language, the choosing of wordsb.Tone of voicec.Expressiond.Noises you makee.Body language and the way you stand or sitf.Appearance (clothes)g.The way you smileUnit 2(2)商业信函7个部分1 信头：公司的名称、地址、电话号码、传真号、网址、信件编号2 日期：(BE)日月年25(th) June, 2009;(AE) 月日年June 25(th), 20093 信内地址: 信纸的左上角、信头的下方。
收信人的姓名和地址，若是写给公司某个部门的，直接写公司或部门名称。
4 称呼：Dear Mr….Dear Ms…Dear Sir, DearMadam Dear Sir or Madam5 信的正文: courtesy, conciseness, clarity, correctness, completeness6 结束语: Y our sincerelyY our faithfully, your truly7 签名：打印，签名，签名下方有写信人的头衔Common abbreviations& Co. =and company@ =at(a price of)..a/c = accountadmin. = administrationapprox. = approximatelyASAP or asap = as soon as possibleattn = for the attention ofb/f = brought forwardc.c. = cubic centimetrec.c. / cc = carbon copy (photocopy)c/f = carried forwardc/o = care ofCEO = chief executive officerCorp. = Corporationdept. = departmentdo = ditto (the same)doz. Or dz. = dozenea. = eachenc./encl. = enclosureetc. = and so onft = foot/ feetincl.= including / inclusivelb / lbs = pound(s)i.e./ ie = that isInc. = incorporatedLtd. = LimitedMD = managing directorMisc. = miscellaneousN/A = not applicableNo.(US#) =numberoz. = ouncep.a. = per annum/ per yearp.p. = per pro (on behalf of )PA = personal assistantPC = personal computerplc/p.l.c. = public limited corporationPOB = Post Office Box PS/P.S. = postscript Rd = roadrecd = receivedref. = referenceSq. = squareSt. = streetyd / yds = yard(s)R = Registered trademarkC = copyrightTM = trade markUnit 33.2 Getting people to do thingsrequesting: agreeing to or refusing requestsoffering to help:accepting or rejecting offersasking permission:giving or refusing permissionunit 4•City college of Wuhan University of Science and Technology•Special No.1 Huang Jia Da Wan•East Lake Scenery District•Wuhan•Hubei 430083•China4.1 Amake notes & take notes•Note-making: noting down ideas before writing a report or letter or before a phone call or meeting. 打底稿，写笔记•Note-taking: taking notes after or during a conversation or meeting. 做记录4.2 reportA good report•is well researched and logically presented•provides enough information to enable decisions to be made•uses a style appropriate for the purpose•is accurate, clear and concise•supports all claims and conclusions with evidence4.3 planning and editing a report•When planning a report there are two main points to consider:•1. the purpose•2. the readerA Procedure of making report•Assemble the material•Plan the report•Draft the report•Edit the reportStructure of the report•Title page•Table of contents•Summary•Terms of reference•Procedure(interviews, meetings,published sources, observation,visits,questionnaires,scientific measurement)•Findings (main part)•Conclusions•Recommendations•Appendices•Bibliography/ReferenceUnit 55.1 workplace•A business organization can be defined as a firm, a company, a business or a corporation that makes, buys or sells goods, or provides services, to make a profit. 5.2 different kinds of company•Sector行业: a part of economy•Industry产业:organized activity producing goods or services, for example food, banking, construction, steel, tobacco and biotechnology.•Primary—oil,agriculture, fishing, mining, construction•Secondary—crafts and manufacturing•Teriary—services, including education, banking, insurance, tourism, leisure, etc.••UK US•Board of DirectorsChairman PresidentManaging Director Chief Executive OfficerDeputy Managing Director Vice PresidentGeneral Manager DirectorDepartment Manager ManagerAccountant Financial ControllerUnit 7The concept of international trade●International trade, also known as world trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.6.1 exchanging information●V ersion 1-hostile, aggressive,impatient, informal●V ersion 2-friendly, helpful, formal, polite●Their tone of voice, the way they hesitate, the polite forms they use6.4 Placing and filling ordersOrders—fax /letter1. 感谢对方的报盘或样品，表示愿意定购2. 对商品加以详细说明，主要包括数量、货号、价格3. 说明包装方式、目的港及运装期Acknowledging of the order1. 对收到订单表示高兴2. 重复订单的条件3. 交货、寄送单据等4. 希望再次合作Unit 87.2 cash flow•Cash: money in notes and coins•Currency: coins and banknotes of a particular country•Cash flow: refers to the movement of cash into or out of a business, a project, or a financial product. It is usually measured during a specified, finite period of time.。
2b-国际商务英语-大学课件
Export subsidies
• Export subsidy is a government policy to encourage export of goods and discourage sale of goods on the domestic market through low-cost loans or tax relief for exporters, or government financed international advertising or R&D.
Infant industry
• In economics, an infant industry is a new industry, which in its early stages is unable to compete with established competitors abroad. Governments are sometimes urged to support the development of infant industries, usually through subsidies or tariffs.
Import quotas
• Physical quantity or value?
• Binding quota & non-binding quota • Absolute quotas & tariff-rate quotas
VER
• A voluntary export restraint is a restriction set by a government on the quantity of goods that can be exported out of a country during a specified period of time. • US-Japan Automobile VERs • Textile VERs
国际商务英语unit 1ppt课件
编辑版pppt
Maturity
Decline
Time
20
Vernon: Product Life Cycle Theory
As products (markets) mature, both the location of sales and of (optimal) production change, thereby affecting the pattern of exports and imports For many, especially technology products, the pattern is:
编辑版pppt
2
Warming up questions
1. Why do we learn trade theories, and how many do you know?
2. How do they explain or affect the pattern of world trade?
3. What benefits can we get by learning these theories?
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8
Instruments of Trade Policy
Tariffs Subsidies Import quotas (and “voluntary” export restraints Local content requirements Administrative trade policies (bureaucratic
hurdles)
编辑版pppt
9
David Hume (1752) critique on mercantilism
国际商务谈判(英文)教案讲义chapter1InternationalBusinessNegotia
国际商务谈判International Business NegotiationA negotiation is a meeting or a series of meetings in which the parties need each other ' s agreement to reach a specific objective.The fundamental principles of negotiation1. Negotiation is an element of human behavior.2. Negotiation takes place only over issues that are negotiable.3. Negotiation takes place only between people who have the same interest.4. Negotiation takes place only when negotiators are interested not only in taking but also in giving.5. Negotiation takes place only when negotiating parties trust each other to some extent.Chapter 1 Negotiation motives and key terminology 谈判动机与关键词语Negotiation 谈判Conflicts 冲突Stakes利益Case study: Matsushita Electric Corporation 松下电器公司NEGOTIATION 谈判A successful negotiation must satisfy at least the following conditions:1. The outcome of negotiation is a result of mutual giving and taking. One sided concession or compromise can not be called a successful negotiation.2. Negotiations happen due to the existence of conflicts, however, no negotiations can proceed smoothly and come to a satisfactory solution without collaboration between the participants.3. Negotiation is a behavioral process, not a game; in a good negotiation, everybody winssomething. Success isn ' t winning everything; it ' s winning enough.CONFLICTS 冲突The definition of conflicts states three points:1. Parties in conflicts are interdependent, which means there remains a kind of relationship developed by interrelated interests and concerns. There would be no conflict if two parties were not interrelated and had nothing to do with each other.2. Con tradictio ns and in terests coexist. If there are on ly con tradictio ns and no shari ngof com mon in terests, n egotiati ons become groun dless and unn ecessary.3. Two parties in a conflict will naturally fight for each other ' s own interests and nevery effort to gain more from the other side, as a result it will reduce gain of interestsexpected in itially.STAKES利益Stakes are the value of ben efits that may be gained or lost, and costs that may bein curred or avoided. Four points n eed to be clarified:1. Negotiation parties will either gain the interests they expect to win from then egotiati on or lose what they hope to attai n, which in dicates that the talks are pert inent to releva nt parties ' own affairs and in terests. Only whe n a party has stakes conn ected with the issues to be talked, can it become actively engaged in the negotiation.2. Free lunch is not provided at the n egotiati on table, in ano ther word, to get what is desired, both parties have to pay for the gaining at either high cost or low cost depe nding on how well n egotiators man age the situati on.3. The n egotiators will have to decide how much of stakes can be gained and whether a particular gain is the one that a party desires for. They will also have to decide how much they may gain if they choose opti on A in stead of opti on B.4. Negotiators will have to compare and bala nee the relati on betwee n the curre nt in terests and long term in terests or un derly ing desires in order to make decisi on on satisfy ing long term interests at the cost of current interests.Effective negotiati ng (VCD)成功谈判Who s who in Effective NegotiationThe compa niesLevien SA , based in Brussels, Belgium.It is an intern ati onal compa ny which manu factures specialist paints and dyes.In its head office it has a small IT function which the company has decided to outsource.Okus IT, based in Swindon, in the South of En gla nd.They specialize in managing IT projects and taking over the IT departments of theirclie nt compa ni es.The n egotiati onOkus have sent a detailed writte n proposal to Levie n.The meet ing has bee n arran ged to n egotiate the terms of any agreeme nt.In particular the following two issues are likely to be sticking points:1. StaffingLevien would like to protect the jobs of their current IT team.They want Okus to employ the four members of the team, and are under pressure from the unions to make sure outsourcing contracts like this do not lead to redundancies.Okus, on the other hand, will not want totake on Levien ' s whole team.They already have project engineers based in Swindon.2. PricingOkus have proposed two levels of IT support: Level AA fixed monthly price which will cover all support work (daily maintenance and customer support) and specified project work (hardware and software upgrades, training. Etc.) Level BA lower monthly invoice based on just support work. Any additional project work will be logged and then added to the invoice the following month.1. Preparing the groundThe peopleAndrew Carter is Export Sales Manager for Okus IT. He has made the initial contact with Levien. He has met one of the Levien team, Sean, before.Karen Black is a Project Manager at Okus IT. She has prepared the specifications for this contract. This is the first time she has been involved in negotiating an overseas outsourcing contract. She is anxious about the meeting.Francoise Quantin is the current IT Manger at Levien. She is about to be promoted to Head of Logistics. She is keen that her IT team are protected.Sean Morrissey is from Levien ' s main subsidiary in Chicago. He has been sent to the Brussels Office to develop Levien ' s procurement policy.The negotiationAs the VCD begins, Andrew and Karen have arrived at Levien 'osffices and are waiting to meet Francoise and Sean.Script 1Karen Black and Andre Carter fail to communicate before they meet the Levin team.A =Andrew K =Karen F =Fran?oise S =SeanA: You sure you don ' t want one, Karen?K: Not for me.A: Of course, I don ' t know Francoise at all, but you ___ 'wviethgSoetyou about negotiating with him in Dallas two years ago, didn ' t I?K: I ' m sure you did, An drew. Can we just focus on the final package? We mustn . ' t They' re going to __ , but we ___ .A: That' s right. Sean was Head of Procurement at TEC in Atlanta.K: What we must keep in mind is _____ if they push us on staff cuts.A: Oh, we don ' t need to worry about that, Karen. We ________ . Se^hjjulsow are you?S: Good to see you aga in, An drew. Atla nta, was n ' t it?A: Dallas, actually.S: Right, three years ago.A: Two.S: Yeah, sure. You two know each other, right?F: You must be Karen Black. I ' m Francoise Quantin. Welcome to Lebvien.K: we ve spoken on the phone, haven ' t we? This is Andrew Carter, ourA: Sorry, I thought you two already knew each other.S: Well, ____ . Can we …?F: Before we start, would you like a coffee?K: That would be ni ce.F: Milk?K: Yes, please.Script 2Kare n Black and Andre Carter are better prepared for their meeti ng with the Lev in team.A: There you go.K: tha nks.A: So, we ' ll wait fdJielm to respond to our proposal.K: Yes, we know that the staff cuts and the price are __ ut we ' d better .A: And you ' d still like me to do the presentation?K: That ' s what hesad-h un ted you for, An drew.A: And you ' ll watch for their react ions and …K: And deal with any questio ns. Yes.A: Be careful with Sea n, Karen. He drives a hard barga in.K: I ' m sure I can handle him. Wen for a long day, aren ' t we?A: Well, you did pack a toothbrush, didn ' t you?F: Sorry to have kept you waiting. You must be Karen Black. I ' m Francoise Quantin and this is Sea n Morrissey.S: Good to meet you, Karen. Fran coise, this is my old sparri ng part ner, An drew Carter.F: Nice to meet you, An drew. How was your flight?K: Excelle nt. Less tha n an hour.A: Hardly time for the breakfast ___ .F: What about a coffee the n, before we start?S: Yeah, you can ___ .F: There ' s no need to hurry. Karen.S: An drew, you ' ll have ano ther one?A: Please. Milk, three sugars.F: Sit down, please.A: Are you ___ , Sean?S: Yeah, I ' m misshiengkitds and my wife. Andre and I _ in Dallas two years ago.A: Yes, __ ---thirty-six hours, wasn ' t it?S: Andrew, if a job ' s worth_d_o_i_n_g.,F: Perhaps we had better start now.。
2-国际商务英语-大学课件
Balance of trade
Favorable balance of trade (trade surplus) Unfavorable balance of trade (trade deficit)
Balance of Payment
• —an indicator of a notion’s economic stability • —it can affect the exchange rate of a country’s currency.
常用的开头
• • • • • • • • • • • The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, figures/statistics shows (that)... It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ... table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/ illustrates how
International Trade
商务英语讲义
商务英语口语第一课时Introductionⅰ、Why take BEC exams?strong growthrigorous quality controlwide suitabilitywide business contextvalue for study and business careerinternational recognition for work and studyⅱ、What is International Business English? 什么是国际商务英语？国际商务英语，指的是人们从事国际商务活动中所使用的具有行业特征的英语，这些行业包括：国际贸易、国际金融、国际会计、国际运输、国际商法、保险、银行、经济、营销、物流、企业管理、商业服务等。
由此看来，商务英语不是一种独立的语言，它仍然是英语，是在国际商务背景下使用的英语。
ⅲ、How to learn International Business English? 怎样学习国际商务英语？掌握一定的商务英语词汇、短语和句型。
(1) 词汇方面commerciale.g. The TV show was interrupted by too many commercials.prospecte.g. He called on some prospects but failed to make a sale.makee.g. These products are of Chinese make.The factory manufactured five makes of tractors.(2) 短语方面soft selling hard sellingSome sales people adopt a direct ‘hard sell’ approach, while others use a more indirect ‘soft sell’ approach.have a bad yearThe corporation is having a bad year and it will probably be necessary to dismiss a few office staff.break into/penetrate the marketThere is chance that we’ll manage to break into the UK market(3) 句型方面I am writing to you concerning… You can’t miss it. I can’t agree more. It may have slipped your mind, but… You can always reach me at the number… We would very much appreciate it if you could…I noted with interest your advertisement for… Yes, that’s true, but on the other hand… That’s exactly what I think. Maybe, but don’t you think…? You are wanted on the phone. As req uested, we enclose for your attention…(4) 旧词“新义“honoure.g, All credit cards honoured here. The bank honoured this cheque.covere.g. I have got myself covered against fire.royaltye.g. Besides copyright, the writer got a 10 percent royalty on sales. The technology transfer fee shall be paid in royalties.(5) 同义词、近义词、相似词的辨析。
国际商务英语串讲1
2. The draft: also referred to as the bill of exchange, is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.
Lesson 1
1. International trade: can be defined as the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another.
2. International specialization: one country producing more of a commodity than it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries.
6. Export duties: are taxes levied on goods leaving an area.
7. Drawback: refers to duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.
Lesson 3
1. Consignment transaction: this means the exporter has to send his goods abroad and will not get payment until the goods are sold. If not sold, the goods can be shipped back.
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经贸知识英语串讲讲义第一课1）How would you define international trade?Answer: 第三页第一段第一句。
2）How did international trade first begin?Answer: The distribution of natural resources is uneven. That is the reason why international trade first began.3）What is the new incentive for trade that arose with the development of manufacturing and technology?Answer: 第三页第二段（international specialization）。
4）Explain the theory of absolute advantage and its application in international trade.Answer: If a country is more efficient, or spends less resources such as capital, land and labor than other countries in producing a commodity, we say this country has an absolute advantage in producing this commodity. The theory of absolute advantage implies that every country produces and exports commodities in which they have absolute advantage while importing commodities where other countries have absolute advantage. (参看第三页第四段到第四页第二段结束)5）Who introduced the theory of comparative advantage? Which theory makes more sense, absolute advantage or comparative advantage?Answer: The English economist David Ricardo did. The theory of comparative advantage makes more sense than that of absolute advantage.6）Explain briefly why trade to exploit comparative advantage promotes efficiency among countries.Answer: The theory of comparative advantage implies that every country, even when it has no absolute advantage at all, can specialize in the production and export of commodities where its absolute disadvantage is smaller or where it has comparative advantage. So long as comparative advantage exists, trade between countries is always possible, and in the process of exploiting comparative advantage, trade promotes efficiency among countries, since it can make one country better off without making another worse off.7）Is comparative advantage something static? Is it purely decided by the endowments of nature? Give examples to show the development of comparative advantage by certain countries. Answer: 第五页第三段全部。
第二课1）Are there other bases for trade when there are no differences among countries in production conditions? Mention some of the bases. Answer: Yes, there are. They are patterns of demand, economies of scale and innovation or style.2）What is economy of scale? What is the relation between economy of scale and trade? Answer: Trade will be developed between countries when economy of scale is practiced, that is, when different countries can specialize in production and export of different commodities and on a larger scale. And all countries can benefit. （参看第十五页第二段）3）What does the theory of international specialization seek to answer? Answer: 第十五页最后一段第一句。
4）Will complete specialization occur in reality? Why? Answer: Never. The reasons are the production of goods for strategic or domestic reasons by a country where it has no advantage, the transport cost that may reduce the benefit of trade, and the protectionist measures such as tariffs and quotas. （参看第十六页第二段）5）What is tariff barriers? What is a customs area and what is a customs union? Answer: Tariff barriers are the most common form of trade restriction, and a tariff is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area.A customs area usually refers to the area of a country. A customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs union. （参看第十六页第三段）6）What is most favoured nation treatment? Is it a very special treatment? Why? Answer: 第十六页最后一段倒数第四行到第十七页第一段结束。
7）What is the most common form of non-tariff barriers? Explain it in a few words. Answer: 第十七页第二段前6行。
8）What are the differences between visible trade and invisible trade? Give a few examples of invisible trade. Answer: Visible trade refers to the import and export of goods, while invisible trade refers to the exchange of services betweencountries. Transportation, insurance, tourism and immigrant remittance are examples of invisible trade.第三课1) Why is it difficult to effect payment in a straight forward manner in international trade? Answer: Because in international trade the buyer and the seller are located in different countries and they don’t know each other very well, therefore it’s no t so easy to effect payment in a straight forward manner as in domestic trade where the buyer and the seller are geographically close to each other and understand each other well.2) Mention some of the riskd the exporter and the importer may face in trade. Answer: 第二十九页第二、三段。