徐汇2012学年初三一模 2
2012年徐汇初三二模数学(详细解析)

1.下列实数中,无理数是( )A.9B.3C.π2D. 3.3030030003<解答> cho C解:A.9=3,是有理数,故本选项错误;3=2,是有理数,故本选项错误;B.8C.π是无理数,故本选项正确;2D.3.3030030003是有理数,故本选项错误;故选C2.下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形是( )A. 正六边形B. 正五边形C. 等腰梯形D. 等边三角形<解答> cho A解:A.是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形,故此选项正确;B.是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误;C.是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误;D.是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误. 故选A3.如果a−2b=3,那么6−2a+4b的值是( )A. 3B. 2C. 1D. 0<解答> cho D解:∵a−2b=3,∴6−2a+4b=6−2(a−2b)=6−2×3=0.故选D4.下列成语或词语所反映的事件中,可能性大小最小的是( )A. 瓮中捉鳖B. 守株待兔C. 旭日东升D. 夕阳西下<解答> cho B解:A.瓮中捉鳖,是必然事件,发生的可能性为1,不符合题意;B.守株待兔所反映的事件可能发生也可能不发生,是不确定事件,符合题意;C.旭日东升,是必然事件,发生的可能性为1,不符合题意;D.夕阳西下,是必然事件,发生的可能性为1,不符合题意;故选B5.某商店在一周内卖出某种品牌球鞋的尺寸(单位:码)整理后的数据如下:36,38,38, 39,40,40,41,41,41,41,42,43,44.那么这组数据的中位数和众数分别为( )A. 40,40B. 41,40C. 40,41D. 41,41<解答> cho D解:把已知数据重新从小到大排序后为36,38,38,39,40,40,41,41,41,41,42,43,44, ∴中位数为41,众数为41.故选D6.下列关于四边形是矩形的判断中,正确的是( )A. 对角线互相平分B. 对角线互相垂直C. 对角线互相平分且垂直D. 对角线互相平分且相等<解答> cho D解:A.对角线互相平分的四边形是平行四边形,不一定是矩形,故此选项错误;B.对角线互相垂直不一定是矩形,菱形对角线也互相垂直,故此选项错误;C.对角线互相平分且垂直的四边形是菱形,不是矩形,故此选项错误;D.对角线互相平分且相等的四边形是矩形,故此选项正确.故选D7.计算:3a⋅2a2=___.<解答>解:3a⋅2a2=6a3.故答案为6a38.求值:sin30°⋅tan60°=___.<解答> one 32解:sin30°⋅tan60°=12×3=32.故答案为329.函数y=3x+6的定义域是___. <解答>解:由题意得,3x+6⩾0,x⩾−2. 故答案为x⩾−210.如果方程x2−3x+m=0有两个相等的实数根,那么m的值是___.<解答> any 94, 2.25, 214解:∵方程x2−3x+m=0有两个相等的实数根,∴△=b2−4ac=(−3)2−4×1×m=9−4m=0,解得:m=94.故答案为9411.如果将抛物线y=x2−3向左平移2个单位,再向上平移3个单位,那么平移后的抛物线表达式是__________.<解答>解:由“左加右减”的原则可知,将抛物线y=x2−3向左平移2个单位所得直线的解析式为:y=(x+2)2−3;由“上加下减”的原则可知,将抛物线y=(x+2)2−3向上平移3个单位所得抛物线的解析式为:y=(x+2)2.故答案为y=(x+2)212.纳米是一个长度单位,1纳米等于0.000000001米,如果把水分子看成是球形,它的直径约为0.4纳米,用科学记数法表示为4×10n米,那么n的值是___.<解答> one -10解:∵1纳米=0.000000001米,∴0.4纳米=0.4×0.000000001米=4×10−10;∴用科学记数法表示为4×10n米,那么n的值是:−10.故答案为-1013.如图,一斜坡AB的坡比i=1:4,如果坡高AC=2米,那么它的水平宽度BC的长是___米.<解答> one 8解:∵坡比i=竖直高度:水平宽度=AC:BC=2:BC=1:4,∴BC=8米.故答案为814.一次函数y=kx+b(k≠0)中两个变量x、y的部分对应值如下表所示:那么关于x的不等式kx+b⩾1的解集是___.<解答>解:当x=1时,y=−1,根据表可以知道函数值y随x的增大而减小,∴不等式kx+b⩾−1的解集是x⩽1.故答案为x⩽115.点G是△ABC的重心,如果AB=a,AC=b,那么向量BG用向量a和b表示为___. <解答>解:如下图所示,BD是△ABC的中线,∵AC=b,∴AD=12b,∵AB=a,∴BD=AD−AB=12b−a,∵点G是△ABC的重心,∴BG=23BD=23×(12b−a)=13b−23a.故答案为13b−23a16.为了了解全区近6000名初三学生数学学习状况,随机抽取600名学生的测试成绩作为样本,将他们的成绩整理后分组情况如下:(每组数据含最低值,不含最高值)根据上表信息,由此样本请你估计全区此次测试成绩在70~80分的人数大约是___. <解答> one 2700解:根据统计表得:40∼70分的频率是:(12+18+180)÷600=0.35,∴70∼80分的频率是:1−0.35−0.16−0.04=0.45,∴全区此次测试成绩在70∼80分的人数大约是6000×0.45=2700;故答案为270017.如图,矩形ABCD中,AB=2,BC=4,点A、B分别在y轴、x轴的正半轴上,点C在第一象限,如果∠OAB=30°那么C点的坐标是___.<解答>解:如下图所示,∵AB=2,∠OAB=30°,∴OB=12AB=1,在矩形ABCD中,∠ABC=90°,∴∠OAB+∠ABO=90°,∠AB0+∠CBE=90°,∴∠CBE=∠OAB=30°,点C作CE⊥x轴于点E,在Rt△BCE中,CE=12BC=12×4=2,BE= BC2−CE2=42−22=23,∴OE=OB+BE=1+23, ∴点C的坐标是(1+22). 故答案为(1+23,2)18.如图,在菱形ABCD中,AB=3,∠A=60°,点在射E线CB上,BE=1,如果AE与射线DB相交于点O,那么DO=___.<解答>解:①如下图所示,∵AB=AD,∠A=60°,∴△ABD是等边三角形,BD=AB=3,又∵△BOE∽△DOA,∴BOOD =BEAD=13,故DO=34BD=94;②如下图所示,设BO=x,∵△BOE∽△DOA,∴BOOD =BEAD=13,设BO=x,则可得xx+3=13,解得:x=32,故OD=OB+BD=32+3=92,综上可得DO=94或92.故答案为94,9 219.化简:m2−m−6m−m−2÷m+2m+1−mm−2.<解答>解:原式=(m−3)(m+2)(m−2)(m+1)⋅m+1m+2−mm−2=m−3−m=−3m−2.20.如图,在△AOB中,点A(−1,0),点B在轴正半y轴上,且OB=2OA.(1)求点B的坐标;(2)将△AOB绕原点O顺时针旋转90°,点B落在x轴正半轴的点处,B′抛物线y=ax2+ bx+2经过点A、B′两点,求此抛物线的解析式及对称轴.<解答>解:(1)∵A(−1,0),∴OA=1,∵OB=2OA,∴OB=2,∴B(0,2).(2)由题意,得B′(2,0),∴{a−b+2=04a+2b+2=0,解得,{a=−1b=1∴y=−x2+x+2.对称轴为直线x=12.21.如图,AC和BD相交于点O,∠D=∠B,AB=2CD.(1)如果△COD的周长是9,求△AOB的周长;(2)联结AD,如果△AOB的面积是16,求△ACD的面积.<解答>解:(1)∵∠D=∠B,∠DOC=∠BOA,∴△COD∽△AOB,∴C△CODC△AOB =CDAB=CD2CD=12,∵C△COD=9,∴C△AOB=18.(2)∵△COD∽△AOB,∴AOCO =ABCD=2,S△CODS△AOB=(CDAB)2=14,∵S△AOB=16,∴S△COD=4,设△ADC中边AC上的高为ℎ,∴S△ADOS△COD =12AO⋅ℎ1CO⋅ℎ=AOCO=2,∴S△AOD=8,∴S△ADC=S△COD+S△AOD=12.22.为迎接“五一”国际劳动节,某公司机床车间举行“车工技能竞赛”活动,竞赛规则:先车好240个零件的选手获胜.小李为了这次比赛刻苦训练、积极准备,在比赛中,小李每小时比原来多车10个零件,结果比原来提前2小时完成任务,荣获第一名.问小李比赛中每小时车多少个零件?<解答>解:设小李比赛中每小时车x个零件,则小李原来每小时车(x−10)个零件.由题意,得240x−10−240x=2,化简,得x2−10x−1200=0,解得,x1=40,x2=−30,经检验x1=40,x2=−30都是原方程的根, 但x2=−30不合题意,舍去.答: 小李比赛中每小时车40个零件.23.如图,在四边形中ABCD,AD=CD,AC平分∠DAB,AC⊥BC,∠B=60°.(1)求证:四边形ABCD是等腰梯形;(2)取边AB的中点E,联结DE.求证:四边形DEBC是菱形.<解答>解:(1)证明:∵AD=CD,∴∠DCA=∠DAC ,∵AC平分∠DAB,∴∠DAC=∠CAB,∴∠DCA=∠CAB,∴DC∥AB,在Rt△ACB中,∠ACB=90°,∠B=60°,∴∠CAB=30°,∴∠DAC=30°,∴∠DAB=30°+30°=60°=∠B,∴AD=BC,∵∠B+∠DAB=60°+60°=120°≠180°,∴AD与BC不平行,∴四边形ABCD是等腰梯形.(2)∵AD=CD,BC=AD,∴BC=CD,在Rt△ACB中,∠ACB=90°,∠CAB=30°AB=BE,∴BC=12∴CD=BE,∵DC∥AB,∴四边形DEBC是平行四边形,∵BC=CD,∴四边形DEBC是菱形.24.函数y=kx 和y=−kx(k≠0)的图像关y于轴对称,我们y=kx把函数和y=−kx(k≠0)叫做互为“镜子”函数.类似地,如果函数y=f(x)和y=ℎ(x)的图像关于y轴对称,那么我们就把函数y=f(x)和y=ℎ(x)叫做互为“镜子”函数.(1)请写出函数y=3x−4的“镜子”函数:__________,(2)函数__________的“镜子”函数是y=x2−2x+3;(3)如图,一条直线与一对“镜子”函数y=2x (x>0)和y=−2x(x<0)的图像分别交于点A、B、C,如果CB:AB=1:2,点C在函数y=−2x(x<0)的“镜子”函数上的对应点的横坐标是12求点B的坐标.<解答>解:(1)利用关于y轴对称的点的坐标特征:纵坐标不变,横坐标互为相反数得出:函数y=3x−4的“镜子”函数:y=−3x−4;(2)y=x2−2x+3的图象关于y轴对称的抛物线x互为相反数,y不变,得y=(−x)2−2(−x)+3=x2+2x+3;(3)过点C作CC′垂直于x轴,垂足为C′,过点B作BB′垂直于x轴,垂足为B′,过点A作AA′垂直于x轴,垂足为A′.设点B(m,2m)、A(n,2n),其中m>0,n>0,由题意,得点C(−12,4),∴CC′=4,BB′=2m ,AA′=2n,A′B′=n−m,B′C′=m+12, 易知CC′∥BB′∥AA′,又CB:AB=1:2,∴可得{n−m=2(m+12) 2m−2n=23(4−2n),化简,得{n−3m=1 1m−13n=43,解得m=1±106(负值舍去),∴2m =410−43,∴B(1+106,410−43).25.在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC=6,sinB=35,⊙B的半径长为1,⊙B交边CB于点P,点O 是边AB上的动点.(1)如图,将⊙B绕点P旋转180°得到⊙M请判断⊙M与直线AB的位置关系;(2)如图,在(1)的条件下当△OMP是等腰三角形时,求OA的长;(3)如图,点N是边BC上的动点,如果以NB为半径的⊙N和以为OA半径的⊙O外切,设NB=y,OA=x,求y关于的x函数关系式及定义域.<解答>解:(1)在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∵sinB=ACAB =35,AC=6∴AB=10,BC= AB2−AC2=102−62过点M作MD⊥AB,垂足为D,在Rt△MDB中,∠MDB=90°,∴sinB=MDMB =35,∵MB=2,∴MD=35×2=65>1,∴⊙M与直线AB相离.(2)分三种情况:①∵MD=65>1=MP,∴OM>MP,②当OP=MP时,易得∠MOB=90°,∴cosB=OBBM =BCAB=810,∴OB=85,∴OA=425,③当OM=OP时,过点O作OE⊥BC垂足为E,∴cosB=EBOB =BCAB=810,∴OB=158,∴OA=658,综合①、②、③,当△OMP是等腰三角形时,OA的长为425或658.(3)联结ON,过点N作NF⊥AB,垂足为F.在Rt△NFB中,∠NFB=90°,sinB=35,NB=y,∴NF=35y,BF=45y,∴OF=10−x−45y,∵⊙N和⊙O外切,∴ON=x+y,在Rt△NFB中,∠NFB=90°, ∴ON2=OF2+NF2,即(x+y)2=(10−x−45y)2+(35y)2,∴y=250−50xx+40,定义域为:0<x<5.。
徐汇区2012年中考一模

徐汇区2012年中考一模物理学科卷(考试时间:90分钟满分100分)2012.1考生注意:所有题目请回答在答题卷上相应位置。
一、单项选择题(共20分)1.不同导体的电阻可能不同,下列能影响导体电阻大小的物理量是()A.电压B.电流C.密度D.长度2.漂浮在水面上的一块冰熔化成水,保持不变的物理量是()A.体积B.质量C.密度D.形状3.修建铁路铺设铁轨前要铺宽大而厚重的路基,其主要目的是为了()A.增大压强B.减小压强C.增大压力D.减小压力4.物理学中一些单位常以人名命名,以科学家欧姆的名字作单位的物理量是()A.电压B.电流C.电阻D.电荷量5.用铅、铜、铁、铝制成质量相等的实心球(ρ铅>ρ铜>ρ铁>ρ铝),其中体积最大的是()A.铅球B.铜球C.铁球D.铝球6.重3牛的实心金属球轻放入盛满水的烧杯中,溢出2牛的水,小球所受浮力()A.一定为1牛B.可能为1牛C.一定为2牛D.可能为3牛7.物理学习中常用到一些科学研究方法,下列研究中运用的主要科学方法相同的是()(1)探究影响液体内部压强的因素。
(2)将水流比作电流。
(3)探究影响导体电阻大小的因素。
(4)用总电阻替代两个串联的电阻。
A .(1)与(2)B .(1)与(3)C .(2)与(3)D .(3)与(4)8. 甲、乙、丙三个相同柱状容器内分别盛有质量相等的不同液体,将质量相等的实心铜、铁、铝球(已知ρ铜>ρ铁>ρ铝)分别浸没在液体中,此时液面等高,则液体对容器底的压强( ) A .p 甲<p 乙<p 丙B .p 甲=p 乙=p 丙C .p 甲>p 乙>p 丙D .p 甲=p 乙>p 丙9. 在图1所示的电路中,电源电压不变。
闭合电键S ,电路正常工作。
过了一会儿,两个电表中只有一个电表的示数变大。
已知除灯L 和电阻R 外,电路中其它各处均完好,则( )A .若电压表示数变大,可能是L 短路B .若电流表示数变大,可能是L 短路C .若电压表示数变大,一定是R 断路D .若电流表示数变大,一定是R 断路10. 如图2所示,A 、B 两长方体置于水平地面上(已知m A <m B 、S A >S B 、h A =h B )。
2012年上海市初三中考一模压轴题汇集

(2012黄浦、卢湾一模24题)已知在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线c bx ax y ++=2(a >0)与x 轴相交于A(-1,0),B(3,0)两点,对称轴MN 与x 轴相交于点C ,顶点为点D ,且∠ADC 的正切值为21。
(1)求顶点D 的坐标; (2)求抛物线的表达式;(3)F 点是抛物线上的一点,且位于第一象限,联结AF ,若∠FAC=∠ADC ,求F 点的坐标.(2012黄浦、卢湾一模25题)在矩形ABCD 中,AB=4,BC=3,E 是AB 边上一点,EF ⊥CE 交AD 于点F ,过点E 作∠AEH=∠BEC ,交射线FD 于点H ,交射线CD 于点N. (1)如图a ,当点H 与点F 重合时,求BE 的长;(2)如图b ,当点H 在线段FD 上时,设BE=x ,DN=y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式,并写出它的定义域; (3)联结AC ,当△FHE 与△AEC 相似时,求线段DN 的长.图c 图b 图a F B A CFH N B A C FH N B A C D D D E E E(2012徐汇一模24题)如图,△AOB 的顶点A 、B 在二次函数23312++-=bx x y 的图像上,又点A 、B 分别在y 轴和x 轴上,tan ∠ABO=1. ⑴求此二次函数的解析式;(4分)⑵过点A 作AC ∥BO 交上述函数图象于点C ,点P 在上述函数图象上,当△POC 与△ABO 相似时,求点P 得坐标.(8分)(2012徐汇一模25题)如图a ,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB=90°,CE 是斜边AB 上的中线,AB=10,tanA=34,点P 是CE 延长线上的一动点,过点P 作PQ ⊥CB ,交CB 延长线于点Q ,设EP=x ,BQ=y. ⑴求y 关于x 的函数关系式及定义域;(4分)⑵联结PB ,当PB 平分∠CPQ 时,求PE 的长;(4分)⑶过点B 作BF ⊥AB 交PQ 于F ,当△BEF 和△QBF 相似时,求x 的值.(6分)x y BA O 备用图2备用图1图aEBAEBAQEBACCCP(2012普陀一模24题)如图,梯形OABC ,BC ∥OA ,边OA 在x 轴正半轴上,边OC 在y 轴正半轴上,点B (3,4),AB=5.(1)求∠BAO 的正切值; (2)如果二次函数c bx x y ++=294的图像经过O 、A 两点,求这个二次函数的解析式并求图像顶点M 的坐标;(3)点Q 在x 轴上,以点Q 、点O 及(2)中的点M 位顶点的三角形与△ABO 相似,求点Q 的坐标.(2012普陀一模25题)把两块边长为4的等边三角板ABC 和DEF 先如图a 放置,使三角板DEF 的顶点D 与三角板ABC 的AC 边的中点重合,DF 经过点B ,射线DE 与射线AB 相交于点M ,接着把三角形版ABC 固定不动,将三角形板DEF 由图11-1所示的位置绕点D 按逆时针方向旋转,设旋转角为α.其中0°<α<90°,射线DF 与线段BC 相交于点N (如图b 所示). (1)当0°<α<60°时,求AM ·CN 的值. (2)当0°<α<60°时,设AM=x ,两块三角形板重叠部分的面积为y ,求y 与x 的函数解析式并求定义域. (3)当BM=2时,求两块三角形板重叠部分的面积.(2012浦东新区一模24题)如图,已知点A (1,0)、B (3,0)、C (0,1).(1)若二次函数图像经过点A 、C 和点D (2,31)三点,求这个二次函数的解析式. (2)求∠ACB 的正切值(3)若点E 在线段BC 上,且△ABE 与△ABC 相似,求出点E 的坐标.(2012浦东新区一模25题)已知:如图,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB=90°,点P 是边AB 上的一个动点,联结CP ,过点B 作BD ⊥CP ,垂足为点D.(1)如图1,当CP 经过△ABC 的重心时,求证:△BCD ∽△ABC.(2)如图2,若BC=2厘米,cotA=2,点P 从点A 向点B 运动(不与A 、B 重合),点P 的速度是5厘米/秒.设点P 运动的时间为t 秒,△BCD 的面积为S 平方厘米,求出S 关于t 的函数解析式,并写出它的定义域.(3)在第(2)小题的条件下,如果△PBC 是以CP 为腰的等腰三角形,求△BCD 的面积.(2012嘉定一模24题)已知一个二次函数的图像经(1)求这个二次函数的解析式; (2)求tan ∠BAC 的值;(3)若点D 在x 轴上,点E 在(1)中所求出的二次函数的图像上,切以点A 、C 、D 、E 为顶点的四边形是平行四边形,求点D 、E 的坐标.(2012嘉定一模25题)如图1,已知等边△ABC 的边长为6,点D 是边BC 上的一个动点,折叠△ABC ,使得点A 恰好与边BC 上的点D 重合,折痕为EF (点E 、F 分别在边AB 、AC 上). (1)当AE :AF=5:4时,求BD 的长;(2)当ED ⊥BC 时,求EFEB的值; (3)当以B 、E 、D 为顶点的三角形与△DEF 相似时,求BE 的长.(2012长宁一模24题)如图,在矩形ABCD 中,AB=4,AD=6,点P 是射线DA 上的一个动点,将三角板的(1)判断△EAP 与△PDC 一定相似吗?请证明你的结论;(2)设PD=x ,AE=y ,求y 与x 的函数关系式,并写出它的定义域;(3)是否存在这样的点P ,使△EAP 周长等于△PDC 的周长的2倍?若存在,请求出PD 的长;若不存在,请简要说明理由。
2012上海徐汇区英语中考二模试卷

2012年徐汇区中考二模试卷第二部分:语法与词汇II. Choose the best answer.(选择最恰当的答案)(共20分)31. The lady over there is a friend of________. We work in the same company.A. myB. meC. ID. mine32. Most Apple fans are satisfied_______ the new iPhones they bought.A. withB. inC. toD. at33. You_______ wash your car at the moment. It‟s going to rain.A. needn‟tB. mustn‟tC. shouldn‟tD. can‟t34. Many Londeners are looking forward to________ the Olympic Games this summer.A. holdB. be holdC. holdingD. holds35. Citizens begin to grow vegetables themselves_______ they are worried about the safety.A. ifB. althoughC. untilD. because36. Parents should always keep an eye on little children, ________ they can easily get hurt.A. orB. andC. butD. so37. little Tom_______ while everybody else was listening to the teacher carefully.A. had sleptB. will sleepC. sleptD. was sleeping38. A: ______ can Lisa lose weight so successfully in such a short time?B: By doing exercises regularly and being on a strict diet.A. WhyB. WhatC. WhenD. How39. Some children in the poor areas received help and have got_______ education than before.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best40. Some of the children celebrities(名人)_______ to attend the Oscar Award Ceremony. It was a big event early this year.A. have invitedB. were invitedC. will inviteD. are invited41. _______ Jeremy Lin has made himself known to the whole world for his talent in playing basketball, he still stays very humble(谦虚).A. BecauseB. IfC. AlthoughD. Utill42. Now only_______ people buy books in bookstores. Many bookstores have to shut down.A. a fewB. a littleC. manyD. much43. Nobody has told us________.A. what will we discuss at today‟s meetingB. what we will at today‟s meeting discussC. what we will discuss at today‟s meetingD. what at today‟s meeting will we discuss44. I like to visit two shops on my way home. One is Sandy‟s Bakery, _______is the Coldstone which sells nice ice-cream.A. otherB. the otherC. othersD. the others45. Sam usually________ his key to his neighbor when he is away from home.A. leavesB. has leftC. will leaveD. is leaving46. A friend is______ that we can depend on when we are in trouble.A. nobodyB. somebodyC. everybodyD. anybody47. The new policy enable people_______ train tickets either from the station or on the Internet.A. buyingB. buyC. to buyD. bought48. Elaine always tells us that studying in Australia was______ important experience in her life.A. aB. anC. theD. /49. A: We lost the basketball game against Class Two.B: _________A. That‟s great!B. How foolish you are!C. What a pity!D. It‟s my pleasure!50. A:Happy birthday! Here is a present for you.B: _________A. Thank you!B. The same to you!C. You are welcome!D. I don‟t want a presen t!III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
精编2012届徐汇区一模,附答案,听力原文

2012届徐汇区一模卷(考试时间120分钟,满分150分) 2012.1第一卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. A policeman D. A postman.2. A. 4:00. B. 4:15. C. 4:45. D. 5:00.3. A. The performance. B. The price. C. The seats. D. The lights.4. A. She has to work that day. B. She doesn‘t like parties.C. She has to do some sports.D. She must stay at home.5. A. It will cool down soon. B. It has been hot for a long time.C. The forecast is wrong.D. They usually have hot summers.6. A. To go home to fetch the schedule. B. To make a copy of the schedule.C. To get the schedule for her.D. To pick her up at the library.7. A. He is always making silly decisions. B. His words are often not reliable.C. He is rich enough to own a farm.D. He lent his apartment to his friend.8. A. The sign is not clear enough. B. The man wants to see the staff.C. The man is in the wrong place.D. The man works at the airport.9. A. Ben probably failed in the exam. B. Ben felt the exam quite easy for him.C. The exam was easier than the last one.D. Ben doesn‘t remember the exam at all.10. A. The woman has made a wise choice.B. The woman won‘t make a successful manager in the future.C. The woman should pursue her studies in science now.D. The woman should think carefully before making her decision.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A . Falls. B. Traffic accidents. C. Drowning. D. Diseases.12. A. At home. B. At school. C. In streets. D. In dormitories.13. A. Education for children. B. Education for parents and child care staff.C. Teachers‘ sense of responsibility.D. Joining Safe Kids China.Questions 14 through 16are based on the following passage.14. A. An international airport. B. A travel agency.C. An overseas company.D. A government organization.15. A. Bad weather. B. More airplanes.C. Poor technology.D. Lack of communication.16. A. The advantages and disadvantages of air travel.B. The causes of airline delays and possible solutions.C. The problems caused by heavy traffic in big cities.D. The history and the major functions of FAA.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The psychologist points out that learning to share food _____ others might be a difficult lessonto a baby.A. toB. amongC. withD. of26. Talking of different cultures, we must admit the fact that people from different cultures have_____ in common than we usually realize.A. muchB. manyC. nothingD. more27. Santos _____ have experienced lots of hardships in the jungle, for the wrinkles on his face can tell a lot of stories.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. must28. The customer didn‘t choose _______ of the coats and went away without looking at a third one.A. bothB. allC. anyD. either29. Owing to the adequate preparations, the research team did not have much trouble _____ the wrecked ship.A. to locateB. locatedC. locatingD. locate30. At the current rate, four-fifths of the tremendous project _____ to be finished by the end of this year.A. expectingB. expectsC. is expectedD. will expect31. Rare species in the world, _____ by hundreds every year, must be jointly preserved by all countries, or humans will encounter ecological disaster in the near future.A. disappearedB. disappearingC. disappearD. having disappeared32. English is a course for anyone in university, ______ his or her major or previous educational qualifications are.A. whateverB. whetherC. howeverD. no matter33. As its name indicates, the "American Host Family" program gets American families_______ in foreign students' lives in America and offers homes for them.A. to involveB. involvingC. involvedD. having involved34. Cole Bettles _______ by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California last month.A. had been rejectedB. has been rejectedC. has rejectedD. was rejecting35. It is predicted _____ the recovery of the Japanese economy might be shadowed by the nuclear accident there.A. whatB. howC. whereD. that36. Y ou had better conduct the experiment _____ your professor have instructed you; otherwise you may fail to complete it.A. thatB. whichC. asD. until37. As for some skills, once having commanded them, you will never forget them, and this is _____ we call internalization.A. whyB. whatC. becauseD. where38. We felt it a pity that the research team failed to find such a plant ______ had been described in the botanist‘s diary.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what39. The ―magical apple‖, which we wish not to be the last one _____ us, has inspired theimagination and passion of millions of people.A. fascinateB. fascinatingC. fascinatedD. to fascinate40. It was not until the eleventh century, when a young lady brought a fork to Italy _______.A. and the custom reached EuropeB. that the custom reached EuropeC. where did the custom reach EuropeD. did the custom reach EuropeSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Classified advertising is advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus ____(41)____ from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate", "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than for display advertising.Classified advertisements are a(n) ___(42)____ to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may , on this ___(43)___, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is ___(44)___ that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the ___(45)___ advertisement that will meet his needs. As the reader ‘s attention is ___(46)___, the advertiser does not need to rely to much ___(47)___ on display type to get the reader's attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is ___(48)___ with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the ___(49)___ of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The stress of daily life has given rise to a new phenomenon ─ sleep texting. People with this condition send text messages while asleep to their friends and family ─ completely ___(50)___ that they are doing it.Sleep specialist Dr David Cunnington, of Melbourne Sleep Disorder Centre in Australia, said patients had reported ___(51)___ of sleep texting ─ and he has advised people to leave their ___(52)___ outside the bedroom.He said: ―We have had patients who have reported sending text messages to their friends and family while asleep. It is one of those things that happens, but it is very ___(53)___, and certainly not a common trend.‖___(54)___, there are no studies into sleep texting — but a ___(55)___ phenomenon, sleep emailing, was studied in 2008.Researchers at the University of Toledo reported the case of a woman, 44, who would ___(56)___ emails while sound asleep. She had no recollection (记忆) of sending the emails when awake.Dr Cunnington said cases of sleep emailing were more common, and were likely to have a more ___(57)___ effect on the lives of sufferers.He said: ―Emails can be sent to work colleagues and have much more serious ___(58)___, whereas text messages are more likely to be ___(59)___ sent to a friend or family member,sopeople aren't as likely to complain of a problem.‖Dr Cunnington described sleep texting as the ___(60)___ of people having too much to do during waking life. He explained: 'People are doing so much during a normal day that it can mean that they feel like they're "on call" even at night.―___(61)___ it's so easy to receive emails constantly, and get notifications(通知) from smartphones(智能电话), it becomes more difficult for us to ___(62)___ our waking and sleeping lives.‖Dr Cunnington said people ___(63)___ to get a quality night's sleep must realize that the key point is that people need to ___(64)___ their sleep, and make an effort to switch off at night.50. A. conscious B. unaware C. secure D. grateful51. A. missions B. intervals C. courses D. incidents52. A. mobile phones B. personal computers C. unfinished work D. sleeping pills53. A. true B. common C. obvious D. rare54. A. Fortunately B. Adequately C. Unsurprisingly D. Unbelievably55. A. similar B. strange C. present D. unique56. A. recall B. overlook C. compose D. recover57. A. generous B. internal C. harmful D. positive58. A. consequences B. preparations C. significance D. symptoms59. A. accidentally B. purposefully C. unreasonably D. unwillingly60. A. temper B. result C. excuse D. loss61. A. Because B. Although C. Just as D. So62. A. combine B. satisfy C. describe D. separate63. A. appointing B. struggling C. carrying D. affording64. A. recognize B. ignore C. restore D. respectSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)My l4-year-old son, John, and I spotted the coat almost at the same time. It was hanging at a secondhand clothing store. While the other coats looked rather depressed, this one looked as if it were holding itself up. The thick, black wool of the chesterfield(长大衣)was soft and unworn. It was beautifully tailored and had an unbelievable price tag of $28. We looked at each other, saying nothing, but John's eyes shone. Dark, woolen coats were popular with teenage boys, but could cost several hundred dollars new. This coat was even better, bearing that touch of classic elegance from long ago.John tried it on and turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror with a serious, studied expression that soon changed into a smile. The fit was perfect.John wore the coat to school the next day and came home with a grin. "How did the kids like your coat?" I asked. "They loved it!" he said merrily, carefully folding it over the back of a chair and smoothing it flat.Over the next few weeks, a change came over John. Agreement replaced protest, quiet, reasoned discussion replaced argument. He became more sensible, more polite, more thoughtful,eage r to please. ―Good dinner, Mom,‖ he would say every evening. One day when I suggested that he might start on homework before dinner, John, who was always putting off doing stuff, said, ―Y ou‘re right. I guess I will.‖When I mentioned this incident to one of his teachers and remarked that I didn't know what caused the changes, she said laughing. "It must be his coat!" At the library, we ran into a friend who had not seen our children for a long time, ―Could this be John?" he asked, looking up to John's new height, assessing the style of his coat and extending his hand, one gentleman to another.Sometimes, watching John leave for school, I'm reminded of what it felt like to be at his age ─a time when it was as easy to try on different approaches to life as it was to try on a coat.65. Why did John‘s eyes shine when he saw the coat?A. It was the first time that he had been to a secondhand store.B. It was pleasant for him to share the same taste with mom.C. He fell in love with that coat and wanted to put it on.D. He managed to get his mom to buy him a new coat.66. What does the underlined word ―grin‖ in paragraph 3 refer to?A. A big smile.B. A sad look.C. A jealous remark .D. An anxious thought.67. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. There was a trend of loving such coats among teenage boys then.B. John used to be disobedient towards parents‘ demands.C. John acted like a gentleman after wearing the coat.D. The teacher didn‘t understand why John changed a lot.68. Which of the following might the best title?A. A Special Shopping ExperienceB. A Caring MotherC. A Magical CoatD. John‘s Taste for Clothing69. The underlined word ―contradict‖ in paragraph 2 probably means ________.A. get along withB. go against withC. be equal toD. live up to70. Before the invention of the Internet, people‘s connections mainly took place ________.A. by phoneB. through voiceC. in personD. by letter71. Which of the following was NOT one of the discoveries of the Pew study?A. The Internet has put us in touch with more people than expected.B. People use the Internet to get advice on their various life problems.C. The Internet plays a key role in helping many people make important decisions.D. Electronic interaction has stopped people from their social interchange.(C)Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to violent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, indicates that the consequences of experiencing TV‘s symbolic world of violence may be much more far-reaching.We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy viewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV ―action-adventure‖ dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police protection, and election of law-and-order politic ians.While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to ―Marcus Welby, M.D.‖ —a popular TV drama series about a doctor— during the first five years of his practice on TV.Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, ―Can most people be trusted?‖ the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose ―Can‘t be too careful.‖Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also be concerned about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence in the face of injustice may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression.We have found that violence on prime-time(黄金时段)network TV cultivates overstated (夸大的)assumptions about the threat of danger in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control.72.Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?A. Distrusting people around.B. Moving into rural areas.C. Turning to the police for protection.D. Holding more elections.73. A ccording to the passage, why did ―Marcus Welby, M.D.‖ receive so many letters?A. Because viewers believed the doctor did exist in the real life.B. Because certain TV programmes recommended him to viewers.C. Because he was an experienced doctor and saved many lives.D. Because the TV appealed to people to pay attention to health.74. According to the author, _________ is ma inly to blame for people‘s fear of the real world.A. network TVB. social realityC. individual display of violenceD. televised violence75. We can infer from the passage that __________.A. people tend to be aggressive or violent after watching TV too muchB. people can learn to protect themselves from dangers by watching TVC. the occasional displays of individual aggression may threaten the social orderD. watching TV may cause the misuse of authority and disturb the social orderSection CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.One very important component of optimism is gratitude. In fact, there is a strong connectionbetween a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you're thankful for. ByFeeling down? Instead of moping around waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you're happy—even if you aren't. A genuine smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. So act in an optimistic way—smile, laugh, tell a—even if you don't feel it.""People tend to think in an either-or way: If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you're setting yourself up for feeling down all day. "Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window, or the interesting radio show you‘re listening to." That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day, and you'll learn to see them asPledging to lose 20 pounds or run a marathon seem like goals that will lead to happiness, but they take time to achieve. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself-and may even end up throwing in the towel, causing your outlook on life to worsen. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feelWant to give your attitude a boost? Try making someone else's day better. A report by United Healthcare and V olunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.It‘s all too much.Psychologists in Britain have said that the last full week of January is the most depressing time of a year, and labelled next Monday ‗Blue Monday‘. Blue is a slang way of saying unhappy.Mondays are generally seen as the worst day of the week because people feel bad-tempered and tired at having to go back to work after a weekend with a different sleep pattern.There are various reasons why more people feel depressed at this time of year. Many people have unpaid credit card bills for the Christmas presents they bought, and pay day is often not until the end of the month.As the party season is over, people feel stressed because they have to go back to real life –work and commuting(乘公交车上下班); and they may be unhappy with their body image after bingeing(大吃大喝)on alcohol, chocolates, and other food at Christmas-time.People may have already failed in their New Y ear‘s resolutions, such as giving up smoking. The bad weather in January can also contribute to people feeling fed up.Some companies are taking this quite seriously and offering professional advice for any staff who are feeling depressed. They hope that helping people as soon as there are signs of depression will avoid their absence from work. Evidence shows that unreasonable managers who contribute to their staff feeling fed up at this time can expect an uncooperative workforce.However, it‘s not all bad! Many people feel optimistic at this time, that things can only get better. Psychologists offer suggestions of how to fight against feeling blue. These include spending 15 minutes doing a ―gratitude exercise‖ thinking about and writing down what you are grateful for, such as health, family, friends and so on.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.According to psychologists in Britain, what is the most depressing time of a year?82.What economic factor may give rise to people‘s depression at that time of the year?83.To ensure that the employees come back to work after the long holiday, many companies_____________.84.Psychologists believe that a 15-minute ―gratitude exercise‖ may help _____________.第II卷(共45分)I . TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 所有队员都赞成他的提议。
上海市徐汇区初中考试数学二模试卷1.doc

2012年上海市徐汇区中考数学二模试卷1 2012年上海市徐汇区中考数学二模试卷一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4分)下列实数中,无理数是()A.B.C.D.3.30300300032.(4分)下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形是()A.正六边形B.正五边形C.等腰梯形D.等边三角形3.(4分)如果a﹣2b=3,那么6﹣2a+4b的值是()A.3 B.2 C.1 D.04.(4分)下列成语或词语所反映的事件中,可能性大小最小的是()A.瓮中捉鳖B.守株待兔C.旭日东升D.夕阳西下5.(4分)某商店在一周内卖出某种品牌球鞋的尺寸(单位:码)整理后的数据如下:36,38,38,39,40,40,41,41,41,41,42,43,44.那么这组数据的中位数和众数分别为()A.40,40 B.41,40 C.40,41 D.41,416.(4分)下列关于四边形是矩形的判断中,正确的是()A.对角线互相平分B.对角线互相垂直C.对角线互相平分且垂直D.对角线互相平分且相等二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)(请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置上)7.(4分)计算:3a•2a2=.8.(4分)求值:sin60°﹣tan30°=.9.(4分)函数的定义域是.10.(4分)如果方程x2﹣3x+m=0有两个相等的实数根,那么m的值是.11.(4分)如果将抛物线y=x2﹣3向左平移2个单位,再向上平移3个单位,那么平移后的抛物线表达式是.12.(4分)纳米是一个长度单位,1纳米=0.000 000 001米,如果把水分子看成是球形,它的直径约为0.4纳米,用科学记数法表示为4×10n米,那么n的值是.13.(4分)如图,一斜坡AB的坡比i=1:4,如果坡高AC=2米,那么它的水平宽度BC的长是米.y的部分对应值如下表所示:的解集是.15.(4分)点G是△ABC的重心,如果,,那么向量用向量和表示为.16.(4分)为了了解全区近6000名初三学生数学学习状况,随机抽取600名学生的测试成是.17.(4分)如图,矩形ABCD中,AB=2,BC=4,点A、B 分别在y轴、x轴的正半轴上,点C在第一象限,如果∠OAB=30°,那么点C的坐标是.18.(4分)如图,在菱形ABCD中,AB=3,∠A=60°,点E在射线CB上,BE=1,如果AE与射线DB相交于点O,那么DO=.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(10分)化简:.20.(10分)如图,在△AOB中,点A(﹣1,0),点B在y轴正半轴上,且OB=2OA.(1)求点B的坐标;(2)将△AOB绕原点O顺时针旋转90°,点B落在x轴正半轴的点B′处,抛物线y=ax2+bx+2经过点A、B′两点,求此抛物线的解析式及对称轴.21.(10分)如图,AC和BD相交于点O,∠D=∠B,AB=2CD.(1)如果△COD的周长是9,求△AOB的周长;(2)连接AD,如果△AOB的面积是16,求△ACD的面积.22.(10分)为迎接“五一”国际劳动节,某公司机床车间举行“车工技能竞赛”活动,竞赛规则:先车好240个零件的选手获胜.小李为了这次比赛刻苦训练、积极准备,在比赛中,小李每小时比原来多车10个零件,结果比原来提前2小时完成任务,荣获第一名.问小李比赛中每小时车多少个零件?23.(12分)如图,在四边形ABCD中,AD=CD,AC平分∠DAB,AC⊥BC,∠B=60°.(1)求证:四边形ABCD是等腰梯形;(2)取边AB的中点E,连接DE.求证:四边形DEBC是菱形.24.(12分)函数和(k≠0)的图象关于y轴对称,我们把函数和(k≠0)叫做互为“镜子”函数.类似地,如果函数y=f(x)和y=h (x)的图象关于y轴对称,那么我们就把函数y=f(x)和y=h (x)叫做互为“镜子”函数.(1)请写出函数y=3x﹣4的“镜子”函数:;(2)函数的“镜子”函数是y=x2﹣2x+3;(3)如图,一条直线与一对“镜子”函数(x>0)和(x <0)的图象分别交于点A、B、C,如果CB:AB=1:2,点C在函数(x<0)的“镜子”函数上的对应点的横坐标是,求点B 的坐标.25.(14分)在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC=6,,⊙B的半径长为1,⊙B交边CB于点P,点O是边AB上的动点.(1)如图1,将⊙B绕点P旋转180°得到⊙M,请判断⊙M与直线AB的位置关系;(2)如图2,在(1)的条件下,当△OMP是等腰三角形时,求OA的长;(3)如图3,点N是边BC上的动点,如果以NB为半径的⊙N和以OA为半径的⊙O外切,设NB=y,OA=x,求y关于x的函数关系式及定义域.2012年上海市徐汇区中考数学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)【下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1.(4分)下列实数中,无理数是()A.B.C.D.3.3030030003【考点】无理数.【专题】常规题型.【分析】无理数包括①开方开不尽的数,②无限不循环小数,③含有π的数,结合选项即可得出答案.【解答】解:A、=3,是有理数,故本选项错误;B、=2,是有理数,故本选项错误;C、是无理数,故本选项正确;D、3.3030030003是有理数,故本选项错误;故选C.【点评】此题考查了无理数的概念,注意掌握无理数的三种形式,属于基础题.2.(4分)下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形是()A.正六边形B.正五边形C.等腰梯形D.等边三角形【考点】中心对称图形;轴对称图形.【分析】根据轴对称图形与中心对称图形的概念求解.如果一个图形沿着一条直线对折后两部分完全重合,这样的图形叫做轴对称图形,这条直线叫做对称轴.如果一个图形绕某一点旋转180°后能够与自身重合,那么这个图形就叫做中心对称图形,这个点叫做对称中心.【解答】解:A、是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形,故此选项正确;B、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误;C、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误;D、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项错误.故选:A.【点评】本题主要考查了中心对称图形与轴对称图形的概念:轴对称图形的关键是寻找对称轴,图形两部分折叠后可重合,中心对称图形是要寻找对称中心,旋转180度后两部分重合.3.(4分)如果a﹣2b=3,那么6﹣2a+4b的值是()A.3 B.2 C.1 D.0【考点】代数式求值.【专题】整体思想.【分析】把6﹣2a+4b变形为6﹣2(a﹣2b),再代入,即可求出答案.【解答】解:∵a﹣2b=3,∴6﹣2a+4b,2012年上海市徐汇区中考物理一模试卷1 2012年上海市徐汇区中考物理一模试卷一、单项选择题(共20分)1.不同导体的电阻可能不同,下列能影响导体电阻大小的物理量是()A.电压B.电流C.密度D.长度2.漂浮在水面上的一块冰熔化成水,保持不变的物理量是()A.体积B.质量C.密度D.形状3.修建铁路铺设铁轨前要铺宽大而厚重的路基,其主要目的是为了()A.增大压强B.减小压强C.增大压力D.减小压力4.物理学中一些单位常以人名命名,以科学家欧姆的名字作单位的物理量是()A.电压B.电流C.电阻D.电荷量5.用铅、铜、铁、铝制成质量相等的实心球(ρ铅>ρ铜>ρ铁>ρ铝),其中体积最大的是()A.铅球B.铜球C.铁球D.铝球6.重3牛的实心金属球轻放入盛满水的烧杯中,溢出2牛的水,小球所受浮力()A.一定为1牛B.可能为1牛C.一定为2牛D.可能为3牛7.物理学习中常用到一些科学研究方法,下列研究中运用的主要科学方法相同的是()(1)探究影响液体内部压强的因素.(2)将水流比作电流.(3)探究影响导体电阻大小的因素.(4)用总电阻替代两个串联的电阻.A.(1)与(2)B.(1)与(3)C.(2)与(3)D.(3)与(4)8.甲、乙、丙三个相同柱状容器内分别盛有质量相等的不同液体,将质量相等的实心铜、铁、铝球(已知ρ铜>ρ铁>ρ铝)分别浸没在液体中,此时液面等高,则液体对容器底的压强()A.p甲<p乙<p丙B.p甲=p乙=p丙C.p甲>p乙>p 丙D.p甲=p乙>p丙9.在如图所示的电路中,电源电压不变.闭合电键S,电路正常工作.过了一会儿,两个电表中只有一个电表的示数变大.已知除灯L和电阻R外,电路中其它各处均完好,则()A.若电压表示数变大,可能是L短路B.若电流表示数变大,可能是L短路C.若电压表示数变大,一定是R断路D.若电流表示数变大,一定是R断路10.如图所示,A、B两长方体木块放在水平面上,它们的高度相等,长木板C 放在它们上面.用水平力F拉木块A,使A、B、C一起沿水平面向右匀速运动,则()A.A对C的摩擦力向右B.C对A的摩擦力向右C.B对C的摩擦力向右D.C对B的摩擦力向右二、填空题(共26分)11.家中电灯的正常工作电压为_____________伏.电灯与电键之间是______________ 连接,电灯与电饭锅之间是______________连接(选填“并联”或“串联”).正常工作时,在相同时间内,通过电灯与电饭锅的电荷量___________ (选填“相同”或“不相同”).12.物理学上把物质单位体积的_________________________叫做这种物质的密度,它的国际单位是_________.读作_______________________.一支铅笔使用一段时间后,笔芯的密度将______________(选填“变大”、“不变”或”变小”).13.物理知识在生产和生活中有着广泛应用,利用______________知识可以鉴别物质;刀刃磨得锋利,是为了减小接触面积,以便用较小的力就能产生很大的___________,易于割开物体;锅炉上的液位计应用了_______________原理;实验室和生产技术中广泛使用的液体密度计是应用____________________原理的典型例子.14.导体两端的电压为6伏,通过导体的电流为0.3安.10秒内通过该导体横截面的电荷量_________库,该导体的电阻为_____________欧.当导体两端的电压增为10伏时,通过该导体的电流_________________,它的电阻将___________(均选填“变大”、“不变”或”变小”).15.今夏,我国首台载人潜水器“蛟龙号”突破5000米深海.当其排开海水的体积为2米3时,受到浮力的大小约为__________________牛,当其下潜至1000米深度时,该处海水的压强约为_________帕.该潜水器从1000米深处继续下潜,受到的浮力将_____________,下表面受到海水的压力将______________(选填“变大”、“不变”或”变小”).(海水的密度近似取1.0×103千克/米3)16.在如图所示的电路中,电源电压保持不变.闭合电键S,当滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动时,电流表A1的示数将_______________,电压表V与电流表A2的比值将_______________.(均选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)17.小明用一个如图(a)所示的两端开口玻璃瓶做了如下实验:把一个气球套在一端的瓶口上,气球放入瓶中,如图(b)所示.将气球吹大后,把另一端的瓶口用软木塞盖紧,气球口部敞开,气球仍能保持吹大的形状,如图(c)、(d)所示.将瓶子向不同方向旋转如图(e)、(f)、(g)所示.观察上述实验现象,归纳得出初步结论:①由图(c)或(e)或(f)或(g)可知:_____________________________________________________________________ _________;②由图(c)和(e)和(f)和(g)可知:_______________________________________________________ ______________ _________.三、作图题(共9分)18.重为5牛的小球浮在液面上,用力的图示法在图中画出小球受到的浮力F.19.在如图中的〇里填上适当的电表符号,电键闭合时电路能正常工作.20.在如图所示的电路中,有三根导线尚未连接,请用笔线代替导线补上,补上后要求:当电键S 闭合后,向左移动滑动变阻器的滑片时,电流表示数变大,灯L 亮度不变.四、计算题(共24分)21.体积为5×10-4米3的木块,有15显示解析24.在如图所示电路中,电源电压为9伏不变,电压表量程0~3伏、电流表量程0~0.6安,定值电阻R1=20欧,滑动变阻器标有“15Ω2A”字样.闭合电键.求:①电流表的读数为0.4安时,电阻R1两端的电压.②滑动变阻器R2允许接入电路的最大阻值.③为了使移动滑片的过程中各电表能分别达到最大值,现选取合适的定值电阻R替换定值电阻R1,求出符合要求的R的取值范围.显示解析五、实验题(共21分)25.使用托盘天平时,被测物体应放置在盘中,砝码应放置在盘中.使用电流表时,应将它到待测电路中(选填“串联”或“并联”),电流表的“+”接线柱接到靠近电源的一端.显示解析26.在测量某矿石密度的实验中,如图所示,用测出矿石的质量为g,用量筒和水测出矿石的体积为ml,则该矿石的密度为千克/米3.显示解析。
2012上海中考二模语文试卷 含答案 (打包共10套 14区县)-5

金山区2012年初三中考模拟考试语文试卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)2012年4月一、文言文(42分)(一)默写(18分)1、_____________________,桃花依旧笑春风。
(《题都城南庄》)2、东边日出西边雨,___________________。
(《竹枝词》)3、衣带渐宽终不悔,___________________。
(《蝶恋花》)4、了却君王天下事,____________________。
(《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》)5、________________________,不可知其源。
(《小石潭记》)6、峰回路转,________________,醉翁亭也。
(《醉翁亭记》)(二)阅读下面的诗,完成7-8题(4分)钱塘湖春行白居易孤山寺北贾亭西,水面初平云脚低。
几处早莺争暖树,谁家新燕啄春泥。
乱花渐欲迷人眼,浅草才能没马蹄。
最爱湖东行不足,绿杨阴里白沙堤。
7、除本诗之外,初中阶段教材里我们学过的白居易的其它作品有_______(2分)8、下列对这首诗理解有误..的一项是()A.标题中的“钱塘湖”就是指浙江杭州的著名景点西湖。
B.本诗紧扣标题中的“行”字,从孤山、贾亭开始,到湖东、白堤止。
C.颔联和颈联是描写西湖春光的点睛之笔,描写了花草欣欣向荣的景象。
D.尾联一个“爱”字直抒胸臆,表达了诗人面对无限春光喜悦的心情。
(三)阅读下文,完成9-11题。
(8分)核舟记(节选)船头坐三人,中峨冠而多髯者为东坡,佛印居右,鲁直居左。
苏、黄共阅一手卷。
东坡右手执卷端,左手抚鲁直背。
鲁直左手执卷末,右手指卷,如有所语。
东坡现右足,鲁直现左足,各微侧,其两膝相比者,各隐卷底衣褶中。
佛印绝类弥勒,袒胸露乳,矫首昂视,神情与苏、黄不属。
卧右膝,诎右臂支船,而竖其左膝,左臂挂念珠倚之——珠可历历数也。
9、上文《核舟记》的作者是__________(2分)10、用现代汉语解释文中画线的句子。
2012年上海市初中毕业生统一学业考试

2012年上海市初中毕业生统一学业考试社会试卷答案要点和评分说明试卷卷面总分为100分,考试成绩按“优秀”、“良好”、“合格”、“不合格”四个等第计。
90分及以上为“优秀”,75—89分为“良好”,60—74分为“合格”,59分及以下为“不合格”。
二、阅读下图,回答问题(本大题包括4小题,共21分)21.中心城区扩大;出现大型商场;工业部门增多(或者工业部门逐渐搬至中心城区之外,或者中心城区工业部门减少);出现卫星城市;交通设施增多;公路线延长(答对一个给2分,其中工业部门不重复得分;没有动态词汇不得分,比如“工业部门”不得分)。
22.正面分析得3分,如:交通工具的增多使得出行更加便捷等;反面分析得3分,如:公交线路的延长、交通工具的增多使得城市的交通拥堵等。
(环境以及一系列的城市病皆可得分;推理符合逻辑即可得分)。
23.第一类答案,只出现1条泛泛而谈的原因,没有具体分析,如:公路线延长,原因是经济发展,得1分;第二类答案,有具体恰当的原因,且有具体分析,如:公路线延长,由于城市的发展,现有的交通设施和线路无法满足人们出行的需要,得3分。
(原因推理符合逻辑即可得分)。
24.若A:便捷的交通2分;(卫星城市的)人流2分;没有类似的生活设施2分;若B,便捷的交通2分;(城市中心城区的高密度的)人口2分;可以填补大型商场夜间营业的空白2分;若C,便捷的交通2分;(卫星城市的)人流2分;可以填补大型商场夜间营业的空白2分;若D,便捷的交通2分;周围没有商店、没有竞争对手2分。
(选“A、B、C、D”不得分,写出理由才得分;理由只要是读图可知的信息皆可得分)三、阅读下列材料,回答问题(本大题包括3小题,共19分)。
25.从内容、时间、场合三方面作具体分析。
(写出一个得1分,写出三个得4分,同一角度不能重复得分)。
26.有明确的观点(能或者不能)1分;有教材相关原理2分,一条原理得1分,共2条;能结合材料运用原理进行论证2分(只有原理没有结合材料或者没有原理凭空论证只能得1分),表述1分。
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2012学年第一学期徐汇区初三年级英语学科II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共20分)31. ________ only key to the safe is kept in Mrs. White’s room. Nobody knows where it is.A) A B) An C) The D) /32. A young couple decided to sell their shop and started to travel aroundthe world ________ their thirties.A) in B) at C)on D) for33. On School Open Day, parents ________ know how colorful their kids’school life is.A) should B) can C) must D) need34. Look! A car almost hit that little girl and the woman driver seemed ________.A) fright B) frighten C) frightened D) frightening35. ________ Jeremy broke his leg last year, he performed very well on thebasketball court in the new season.A) When B) Because C) Although D) If36. After the discussion, most people at the meeting chose Jane’s plan instead of ________.A) I B) my C) me D) mine37. It is essential for a good detective ________ the innocent and to find the guilty.A) to protect B) protecting C) protect D) protected38. It is known to all that bad news has wings and always ________ very fast.A) spread B) spreads C) is spreading D) has spread39. A: ________ lecture will you attend, Professor Wang’s or ProfessorLi’s?B: Professor Li’s. His lecture is more interesting.A) Where B) Whose C) When D) Why40. Jennifer has two children and ________ of them were born in winter.A) all B) either C) both D) neither41. People ________ about if there are aliens on the other planets sincemany years ago.A) are arguing B) argue C) have argued D) argued42. Terry did very well in the interview, ________ he got his dream job inIBM.A) for B) so C) but D) or43. When our parents get old, they will need ________ of our time andattention than before.A) many B) more C) less D)few44. ________ came to see John this morning and left a note on his desk.A) Somebody B) Anybody C) Everybody D) Nobody45. In that small seaside village, most children are good at ________.A) swim B) swam C) swimming D)swims46. ________ amazing film The Story of Pi is!A) How B) What a C) What an D) So47. Spending a whole day working in the field let the children ________ the farmers’ hard life.A) understand B) to understand C) understood D) understanding48. The kids are taught to stay calm and go out of the building one by one________ there is a fire.A) until B) because C) if D)although 49. A: I am afraid I can’t finish my report on time. It’s so difficult.B: _______A) Sorry! I don’t know.B) That really sounds good!C) Take it easy. Maybe I can help.D) Thank you for telling me!50. A: Would you like to have a look at my new painting?B: _______A) You are welcome!B) I’ll be glad to.C) Not at all!D) Congratulations!III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。
每空格限填一词,每个单词或词组只能填一次):(共8分)Zoos are places where different kinds ofanimals are kept and shown for the public. Atmost modern zoos people can see, smell and hearanimals in their natural way. Some zoos evenhave “friendship farms" where people can touchsome of the animals. Here are some 51why people need zoos.Firstly, zoos help people know more about animals and their 52 . They give interesting information about each animal, 53 where it comes from and how it lives. Special teachers at the zoo help children understand more about the animals. Trained guides show visitors around the zoo.Secondly, zoos are working hard to find out more about animals. New knowledge leads to better ways of looking after animals in the zoo and 54 understanding of the same animals in the wild.Thirdly, zoos play a part in protecting animals and stopping them from 55 . Zoos work together with each other to help the animals in danger. For example, gorillas (大猩猩) from Taronga Zoo were sent to live with gorillas at the Melbourne Zoo in the hope that they would give birth to babies 56 gorillas can be kept in this way.Finally, zoos give people a lot of fun. People enjoy getting close to animals 57 having to cross the plains (平原) of Africa or climb the mountains of China. In the past, animal shows were common in zoos. Visitors were 58 when they saw monkeys in human clothes, and they even took rides on elephants or horses. However, today people prefer to see animals in a more natural way.So a modern zoo is a place where animals are well taken care of.IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子): (共8分)59. Mo Yan is the ________ Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. (one)60. After Andy was retired, the company wanted to find a new _______urgently. (drive)61. Chinese people________ clean their houses before the Spring Festival. (usual)62. Mrs. Anderson has a little garden and she grows some ________ in it.(tomato)63. Liu Xiang received an ________ in the USA and it was very successful.(operate)64. According to the plan they have made, I am sure they won’t ________.(success)65. The chemicals in the bottle are dangerous and it must be ________ locked in the lab. (secure)66 When the news came, everybody was ________ at the rare flood in Beijing. (shock)V. Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据所给要求,改写下列句子。