chaucer
英国文学第三讲chaucer
Chapter Four
Gect: English literature in Age of Chaucer Objectives: help the student to know about Geoffery Chaucer, the person, his points of views, the artistic features of his works and the characteristics of the selected works. Focus: 1. His The Canterbury Tales’ social significance. 2. Artistic features of his works 3.The discussion of the selected work: the Canterbury Tales Difficult Points: Romance, ballad, heroic couplet. Procedures: 1. A brief introduction to the biography. 2. Artistic features of his works. 3. The Main points of the selected works.
6. Literature is moving away from the questions of the genre, romance, to a more personal vision, a domestic vision. Chaucer is interested in individuals, their foibles and individual differences; interested in realism; interested in middle class people, the merchant class, peasants, etc., who reflect the rise of the middle class in the fourteenth century. 7. Subject matter: sex, lust, greed, jealousy, native cunning (tricksters), the credulousness of the stupid, marital problems, infidelity, corruption of the church.
英国文学 chaucer
• (2) The first important realistic writer
The four temperaments
• (1) Sanguine man多血质 (sweet, free, open-hearted, balanced, lusty, etc.) • (2) Choleric man胆汁质 (bitter, angry, full of rage, easily becoming angry) • (3) Melancholic man忧郁质 (full of grief, bad tempered, unhappy, groom) • (4) Phlegmatic man粘液质 (thick, cold, moist, slow)
The Seven Deadly Sins
• Avarice: greed • Gluttony: about not any desire of eating or drinking, but an inordinate desire… leaving the order of reason, wherein the good of moral virtue consists • Lechery: lust • Envy • Wrath: anger • Sloth: apathy • pride
– The Wheel of Fortune turns; while one
declines
人物资料William Caxton和英国诗歌之父Chaucer
William Caxton威廉·卡克斯顿生平William Caxton (1422-1491) was the first British printer and the person who had the greatest influence on English before Shakespeare. Caxton was born in 1422 in the woods of Wilder, Kent, with some real estate in his family, so he was able to receive a good education. In 1438, he became an apprentice to Le Ze, a famous cloth merchant in London and later mayor of London. After Le Ze's death in 1441, Caxton traveled across the sea to Bruges, Belgium, to start a business specializing in the textile trade between Britain and the Flemish region."Philosopher's Quotes or Epilogues"《哲学家的名言或警句》printed in the UK, which was also the first English printed book with a publication date. In 1481, he published the first English book with illustrations, "The Mirror of the World," full-length blockbusters《世界镜鉴》，and he had translated and published 24 books himself. Of these "Caxton edition" books, there are still 1/3 of them that have survived in solitary or incomplete versions to this day, making them the most precious "incunabula" book in Britain.英国最为珍贵的“摇篮本（incunabula）威廉·卡克斯顿（1422-1491）是英国的第一个印刷商，在莎士比亚之前对英语影响最大的人，卡克斯顿于1422年出生在肯特郡维尔德的林区，家中颇有一些地产，因此能够受到良好的教育。
乔叟
返回
乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期： 乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期： 1 法国影响时期 （1360～1372）：主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的作品，创作了 《悼公爵夫人》(The Book of the Duchess (1369))，用伦敦方言翻 译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》等。 2 意大利影响时期 （1372～1386）：诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。 这一时期的创作 如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》 (Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385))、《好女人的故事》，反映了作者 面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。 3 成熟时期 （1386～1400）：乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎特伯雷故事集》 的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶峰。他首创的英 雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
Байду номын сангаас
返回
作品列表 坎特伯雷故事集》 《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales） ） 公爵夫人之书》 《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、 、 声誉之宫》 《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、 、 百鸟会议》 《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、 、 贤妇传说》 《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women) 特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde)。 。
作品欣赏 鸟儿回旋曲 来吧，夏天，用你柔和的阳光 对风雪交加的天气发动攻击， 赶得又长又黑的夜就此逃避！ 圣瓦伦丁河啊，小鸟在为你歌唱， 你戴着花冠坐在高高的云里： 来吧，夏天，用你柔和的阳光 对风雪交加的天气发动攻击。 那些鸟儿有理由不时地欢唱， 因为它们在树丛里找到伴侣。 啊，它们醒时唱得多幸福甜蜜： 来吧，夏天，柔和的阳光 对风雪交加的天气发动攻击， 赶得又长又黑的夜就此逃避！ 返回
Geoffrey_Chaucer_(杰弗里。乔叟)
• The Prologue of the Wife of Bath’s Tale The wife of Bath speaking “Experience--and no matter what they say In books--is good enough authority For me to speak of trouble in marriage. For ever since I was twelve years of age, Thanks be to God, I’ve had no less than five Husbands at church door--if one may believe I could be wed so often legally!” (P.220)
无忧PPT整理发布
7.The Wife of Bath （巴斯城的妇女） 巴斯城的妇女）
• The wife of Bath shows Chaucer’s keen observation and his unsurpassed (无比的) talent for characterization. • She is the owner of a cloth factory, lighthearted, merry, somewhat vulgar (粗俗的), and exceedingly (非常) talkative. • It is a vivid sketch (概述) of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s day.
chaucer英文简介
chaucer英文简介Geoffrey Chaucer, widely considered the Father of English Literature, was born in London in the early 1340s and died in 1400. His life and works played a significant role in the development of the English language, poetry, and storytelling, leaving an enduring legacy that continues to inspire and captivate readers today.Chaucer's early life is not well-documented, and much of what is known about him comes from legal documents and historical records. It is believed that he came from a well-to-do family, as his father, John Chaucer, worked as a wine merchant. Geoffrey Chaucer's early education was probably provided by the Church, as he later received a formal education at the St. Paul's Cathedral School. He then went on to serve as a page in the household of Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster, where he would have been exposed to the courtly life and literature of the time.Chaucer's adult life was marked by a career in public service. He held various positions in the royal administration, including customs officer, justice of the peace, and deputy forester. These roles allowed him to travel throughout England and encounter people from various social classes and backgrounds, an experience that greatly influenced his writing.One of Chaucer's most famous works is "The Canterbury Tales," a collection of stories told by a diverse group of pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The tales provide a vivid and nuanced portrayal of English society during the Middle Ages, showcasing a cross-section of characters from different walks of life, including a knight, a miller, a prioress, anda pardoner, among others. The variety of voices and perspectives in "The Canterbury Tales" offers a rich tapestry of human experiences, revealing the complexities of medieval society.Chaucer's writing style is notable for its use of Middle English, a precursor to modern English that in his time was transitioning from Old English. He played a crucial role in shaping the English language through his extensive vocabulary and the poetic forms he employed. Chaucer's poetry combines a keen observation of human nature with a deep appreciation for the beauty of language, making his works both entertaining and intellectually stimulating.In addition to "The Canterbury Tales," Chaucer wrote several other significant works, including "Troilus and Criseyde," a tragic love story set during the Trojan War, and "The Book of the Duchess," a poem inspired by the death of Blanche, the wife of Chaucer's patron John of Gaunt. These works showcase Chaucer's versatility as a writer, as he shifts effortlessly between genres and explores a wide range of themes and emotions.Chaucer's influence on English literature cannot be overstated. His writings inspired future generations of poets and writers, including William Shakespeare, who drew heavily from Chaucer's works. Chaucer's innovative use of vernacular English laid the groundwork for the development of the English language as we know it today, bridging the gap between the Old English of the Anglo-Saxon period and the Modern English that emerged in the Renaissance.Although Chaucer's literary reputation waned during the Tudorperiod and the Renaissance, his works experienced a revival in the 19th century with the emergence of literary criticism and the study of medieval literature. Today, Chaucer is recognized as a master storyteller whose works continue to resonate with readers from all walks of life. His vivid characters, memorable narratives, and poetic craftsmanship make him a true literary icon whose contributions to English literature are immeasurable.Geoffrey Chaucer's impact on English literature is not limited to his famous work, "The Canterbury Tales." His writings, spanning various genres and themes, have left a lasting impression on the literary landscape, cementing his status as one of the greatest poets in English history.One of the most significant aspects of Chaucer's writing is his portrayal of diverse social classes. Through his characters, he provides a detailed and at times satirical examination of medieval society. From the noble knight to the bawdy miller, each character in "The Canterbury Tales" represents a different facet of human nature, displaying the complexity and idiosyncrasies of individuals from all walks of life. This rich tapestry of voices and perspectives gives readers a nuanced understanding of social dynamics, highlighting both the virtues and vices that exist in society. Chaucer's ability to capture the essence of his characters is a testament to his keen observational skills and his understanding of human psychology. His characters come to life through their distinct personalities, quirks, and speech patterns. Whether it is the prim and proper Prioress or the comically vulgar Wife of Bath, each character is presented with intricate detail and nuance. Chaucer's ability to create fully realized individuals has greatlyinfluenced subsequent writers, who have sought to capture the complexity of the human experience in their own works.Another aspect of Chaucer's writing that sets him apart is his mastery of various poetic forms. Chaucer experimented with different poetic styles, including ballads, romances, and allegories. His poetic craftsmanship is apparent in his skillful use of rhyme, meter, and imagery. Chaucer's command of language and his ability to evoke strong emotions through his poetry continue to captivate readers and inspire poets to this day.One of Chaucer's most notable works, "Troilus and Criseyde," showcases his poetic talent and his ability to tackle complex themes. The poem tells the tragic love story of Troilus, a Trojan prince, and Criseyde, a Greek maiden. Through their tale, Chaucer explores themes of love, betrayal, and the unpredictability of fate. The poem is a testament to Chaucer's ability to balance emotional depth with intricate storytelling, creating a work that resonates with readers on both an intellectual and emotional level. Chaucer's writings also reveal his deep-rooted religious beliefs and his understanding of spirituality. In "The Canterbury Tales," the pilgrimage to the shrine of Thomas Becket serves as a backdrop for exploring themes of faith, morality, and the moral shortcomings of the clergy. Chaucer's commentary on religion and morality in medieval society provides a valuable insight into the social and cultural complexities of the time.Furthermore, Chaucer's influence extends beyond the realm of literature. His writings played a crucial role in the development ofthe English language. During Chaucer's time, English was undergoing a transition from Old English to Middle English, and Chaucer actively contributed to this linguistic transformation. He drew from various dialects and regional speech patterns, incorporating them into his works and helping to shape the English language into a more unified and standardized form.Chaucer's impact on English literature is undeniable, and his contributions have earned him a place in the literary canon. His writings continue to be studied and celebrated for their literary merit, their social commentary, and their exploration of the human condition. Chaucer's ability to capture the essence of his characters, his mastery of poetic forms, and his role in shaping the English language make him a literary icon who continues to inspire readers and writers alike.In conclusion, Geoffrey Chaucer's life and works have left an indelible mark on English literature. His keen observations of human nature, his poetic craftsmanship, and his contributions to the English language have secured his place as one of the greatest poets in history. Chaucer's writings continue to captivate readers with their vivid characters, compelling narratives, and enduring relevance. His legacy as the Father of English Literature ensures that his works will be cherished and studied for generations to come.。
乔叟
Chaucer took his narrative inspiration for his works from several sources but still remained an entirely individual poet. His first narrative poem, The Book of the Duchess, was probably written shortly after the death of Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, first wife of John Gaunt, in September 1369. His next important work, The House of Fame, was written between 1374 and 1385. Soon afterward Chaucer translated The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius, and wrote the poem The Parliament of Birds.
乔叟代表作：
《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）
其他作品：
《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、 《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、 《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、 《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women) 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde).
Geoffrey Chaucer, (1340 years -1400), the famous medieval English writer, was born in a home wine. Edward III in 1359 with the French Expeditionary Force, was captured by the French army, near to gold redemption. Chaucer as a king-de-camp, as ambassador to many European countries, two visits to Italy and found a Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarca's works of literature for his role greatly. Chaucer in October 25, 1400 death in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey the "poet of the angle." Chaucer's the cause of death is unknown, may have been murder.
3-Chaucer 乔叟 英国诗歌之父
The Gneral Prologue (the original version)
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veyne in swich licour Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne, And smale foweles maken melodye.
The City Canterbury
Canterbury is a city and metropolitan district in Kent England, and an important Roman town. The capital of the Saxon Kingdom of Kent.
He presents a panoramic picture of English life in the Middle Ages. He brought a realistic tone to English literary creation. All his characters are true to life He introduced Rhymed stanzas, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon (alliterative verse) He first wrote in the current English form of the time. His poetry is acknowledged as the literary language of the country, which is usually called middle English.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
– Expose and satirize the social vices, including religious abuses
(2) The first important realistic writer
– Present a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society
– Introduce the rhymed stanzas of various types to
English poetry (e.g. heroic couplet)
– Develop his art of poetry – Master of the English language
4. Major Works
(5) Two kinds of love, voice, motivation: earthly love, divine love (6) Structure: generality to specification; secular to religion (7) Compare Chaucer’s opening with that of Eliot’s in The Waste Land
3. The General Prologue
– Occasion – Time
– Sketches of the pilgrims
– Purpose – Motivation – Satire
4. The Opening Lines (1) Cycles of time
– 4 seasons of a year
5. Five specific methods of characterization in the Prologue
– Radix trait. Focus on a central characteristic (the Knight is worthy; the Yeoman is a forester) – Touchstone line. A line that pinpoints the essence of the character (the Knight was a “true, a perfect gentle-knight”; the Squire was “as fresh as is the month of May”)
– Five ideals Chaucer treats seriously (Knight, Squire, Clerk, Parson, Plowman) – Some he pokes fun at (Prioress, Monk, Wife of Bath)
– Some he is quiet about; short portraits with personal view coming through (Prioress’s entourage) – Some not very good; Chaucer is just a little negative (Shipman, Manciple) – Hardened sinners, all of them religious officials (Friar, Pardoner, Summoner)
– Conscious use of hyperbole, usually used to create bias (Man of Law knew all the cases in the book, the Friar the best beggar in his order) – Disparate (incongruous) detail, particularly used on the “bad guys” (mention of the Cook’s ulcer interrupts discussion of wonderful dishes he can prepare)
– Glimpse of the spiritual, interior person through physical description; outward, physical blemishes suggest inner blemishes (the Cook has a running sore; the Wife of Bath has “gap teeth”)
– Guildsmen (Haberdasher, Dyer, etc.)
– Laborer (Plowman)
The prioress
The Wife of Bath
The Knight
The Oxford Clerk
Chaucer
The pilgrims fall into several groups according to Chaucer’s attitude toward them.
– 4 parts of a day
– 4 phases of the moon
– 4 stages of man
(2) Connotations of Spring
– Rebirth or revival of nature (biological, erotic) – Reawakening of super-nature (religious)
– Create a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life – Explore the theme of the individual's relation to the society
(3) “Father” of English poetry
2. Pilgrims
– Upper class (Knight, Squire, church people)
– Learned professions (Physician, Man of Law) – Landed gentry (Franklin) – Medieval manor people (Miller, Reeve) – Mercantile class (Shipman, Merchant)
– The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰罗曼史》 – Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗勒斯和科丽西德》 – The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》
Great Contributions
Introduced French Romance and legends as well as Italian Human literature,especially Boccaccio, praising man’s energy,intellect， quick wit and the love for life. Found the English literary language,the basis of which was formed by the London dialect ; Realistic writing style and mild satire; Heroic couplet:2 lines of poetry ,one following the other, that are of equal length.
The Canterbury Tales
It opens with a general prologue where we are told of a company of 32 pilgrims , who gathered at Tabard Inn in Southwark, a suburb of London.They are on their way to the shrine of St.Thomas Becket at Canterbury.They set out together with the jolly innkeeper, Harry Baily,who proposed that each pilgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.But , totally only 24 tales are finished.The pilgrims are from various parts of England ,representatives of all walks of life and social groups, knights,monks,widows and priest ect.His work showed a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country.
Artistic Features
(1) Messenger of Humanism
– Affirm man's right to pursue earthly happiness – Praise man's energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life
Life and Career
By 1366 he had married Philippa Roet, who was probably the sister of John of Gaunt's third wife; she was a lady-inwaiting to Edward III's queen. During the years 1370 to 1378, Chaucer was frequently employed on diplomatic missions to the Continent, visiting Italy in 1372–73 and in 1378. From 1374 on he held a number of official positions, among them comptroller of customs on furs, skins, and hides for the port of London (1374–86) and clerk of the king's works (1389–91). The official date of Chaucer's death is Oct. 25, 1400. He was the first to be buried with honor in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.