初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点(1)
初中英语语法基础知识汇总

初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1)-名词Noun词类知识英语语法基础名词(Noun.-n.)识第一部分:名词基础知定义:人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。
人:Edison(爱迪生),Helen(海伦),Mr .Wang(王先生)地:Asia(亚洲),China(中国),New York (纽约)物:book(书),dog(狗),tree(树),water(水)事或观念:work (工作),music(音乐),truth(真理)注:1.如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称,其第一字母必须大写,如 E dison,New York ,China。
2.名词亦有可数和不可数之分,如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。
所谓复数就是加“-s,es,ies,⋯”以示其为复数。
例如:多于一个的意思,通常是在单数名词的词尾a book(一本书)two books(两本书)one boy(一个男孩)some boys(一些男孩)one girl (一个女孩)many girls (许多女孩)名词在句子中的主要功能如下:(1)作句子的主语,例:Miss Lin is our English teacher.(林小姐是我们的英语老师。
)(2)作句子的主语补语或宾语补语,例:John and Tom are good friends.(约翰和汤姆是好朋友。
—主语补语)I call my puppy “Luck”.(我叫我的小狗“来福”。
—宾语补语)(3)作及物动词的直接宾语,例:Can you ride a bicycle? (你会骑自行车吗?)(4)作介词的宾语,例:You can go by taxi.(你可以乘出租车去。
)第二部分:名词单复数-单数变复数一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例:friend →friends; cat →cats; style →styles; sport →sports; piece →pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。
初中英语语法复习-名词

语法复习:名词
1.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数
*Some bread is over there. *No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home.
语法复习:名词
如果要给物质名词计数,就要使用量词。 例如: a piece of bread 一块面包
two bottles of orange 两瓶橘子汁 three bags of rice 三袋大米
语法复习:名词
有些物质名词也可用作个体名词,这时, 可以用不定冠词,也可以用复数形式。请 比较: Paper is made of wood. 纸是用木材做的。 (物质名词) Have you read today‘s paper? 今天的报纸你看了吗? (个体名词)
语法复习:名词
有时,一个名词可以用作个体名词,也可用作集 体名词,视具体情况而定。例如: His family is not poor any more. 他家再也不穷了。 I hope your family are quite well. 我希望你的家人身体都很好。 Were there many people at the meeting? 有许多人参加了会议吗? The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。
* boy – boys holiday-holidays * monkey – monkeys
语法复习:名词
初中英语知识点:名词

初中英语语法之名词概念:是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。
一、名词的分类二、名词的数:可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如:water(水), oil(油), population(人口), cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布),furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉)1、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1)一般情况加–s :books,mouths,houses,girls等。
2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加–es:classes,boxes,matches等。
3)辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为ies:cities,countries,parties,factories等。
4)以o 结尾的词+es:heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes等。
以o 结尾+s:radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos等。
5)以f,fe 结尾的多数+es:leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves等。
直接+ s 的名词:roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs等。
注意:中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是“两人两菜一火山”。
或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿。
Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
初中英语语法总复习-名词

第一章名词名词-———--- 表示人、事物、时间、地点、现象或者抽象概念的名称.可数名词的单数规则变化可数名词的复数不规则变化复合名词的复数变化名词的数集体名词的数常见的不可数名词不可数名词的数不可数名词的数量表达方式专有名词的数名词‘s所有格名词所有格of 所有格双重所有格名词在句中的作用名词的修饰语一、名词的数1。
可数名词的单数:可数名词的单数形式前面一般加冠词a或an,表示“一”的概念.2。
可数名词的复数可数名词的复数构成形式有两种:一种为规则变化,另一种则为不规则变化(其变化形式需要特别记忆)。
(1)规则变化:一般是在名词后加—s或者—es构成,有规律可循。
(2)不规则变化①元音字母发生变化:man —men 男人;woman - women 女人; foot - feet 脚;tooth —teeth 牙齿②词尾发生变化:child —children 孩子;mouse —mice 老鼠③单、复数形式相同:deer 鹿;fish 鱼;sheep 绵羊;Chinese 中国人;Japanese日本人考点提示:单、复数形式相同的名词在使用时,要注意其谓语动词的变化形式:All Chinese are proud of it. 所有中国人都为此感到骄傲.A Japanese is among the visitors. 游客中间有一位是日本人。
④某些集合名词的单数形式具有复数意义:people 人们;police 警察;public 公众⑤有些以—s结尾的名词通常被看做单数形式:physics物理;politics 政治;news新闻⑥有些名词通常只有复数形式:clothes 衣服;trousers裤子;glasses 眼镜(3)复合名词的复数变化①一般情况下只变词尾:classroom —classrooms 教室;highway —highways公路;bookshelf —bookshelves 书架②把中心名词复数:passer—by —passers—by 过路人;looker—on —lookers—on 旁观者③没有中心词,则在最后部分变化:grown—up —grown—ups 成年人考点提示:○German - Germans 德国人human —humans 人类○man或者woman 修饰另一名词时,man 或woman与被修饰的名词都要变为复数:a man doctor —men doctors 男医生;a woman teacher - women teachers 女教师3。
初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点训练(1)

一、选择题1.My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious.A.salad; eggs B.salads; eggs C.salad; eggs D.salads; egg2.---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing?--- It’s less than three ___________ flight.A.How long, hour’s B.How far, hour’sC.How long, hours’D.How far, hours’3.There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school.A.sports; shoe B.sports; shoesC.sport; shoe D.sport; shoes4.Look at the________on the ground, and it’s tel ling us autumn has come.A.leaves B.leaf C.leafs D.leafes5.—Why do you get up so early?—Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride.A.fifty-minutes B.fifty minute’s C.fifty-minute’s D.fifty minutes’6.There________some water in the bottle.A.is B.am C.are D.be7.These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A.Jerry’s and Jenny’s B.Jerry and Jenny’s C.Jerry’s sand Jenny 8.Good food and_______help her_______better.A.exercise; study B.exercise; studiesC.exercises; studying D.exercises; to study9.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are!A.is having B.are having C.have D.has10.Peter would like a bowl of ________noodles.A.tomato and egg B.tomato and eggsC.tomatoes and eggs D.tomatoes and egg11.— How much are the __________?— Eight yuan a kilo.A.broccoli B.potatoes C.beef D.bread12.-Can I help you?-Yes. I'd like__________ rice.A.a small bar of B.a slice of C.a large bag of D.a piece of13._____________ mother usually cooks for ___________ at the weekend.A.Lily’s and Nick’s; them B.Lily and Nick’s; themC.Lily and Nick’s; their D.Lily and Nick; their14.There are some ________and ________ on the table.A.potatoes; tea B.chicken; sweets C.tomatos; porks D.tomatos; milk 15.I am hungry. But there is little left. I have to go and buy some.A.sandwiches B.potatoes C.water D.bread16.It's about ten __________ walk from here.A.minutes' B.minute's C.minutes D.minute of17.I guess __________bikes are yellow. They have many things in the same color.A.Lucy's and Lily's B.Lucy and Lily's C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucy's and Lily 18.I share my room ______ a friend of _________.A.to, me B.with, mine C.with, me D.from, mine 19.Here__________.You can see me in it.A.are two photos of my family B.is my familyC.is a photo of my family D.are my family photos20.Some bananas ______ in the bag. Some mutton ______ on the table.A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are 21.—May I take your order,sir? —________.A.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of ricesB.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of riceC.Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of ricesD.Chickens with vegetables and two bowls of rices22.I want to buy ________.A.a bread B.some breads C.two piece of bread D.two bags of bread 23.Animals are our ________, and we should be ________ to them.A.friend; friendly B.friends; friendly C.friendly; friends D.friendly; friend 24.He has over 20 years teaching ________. I bet he is quite________.A.experience; experience B.experience; experienced C.experienced; experience D.experienced; experienced25.Thanks for the two _______________you gave(给)to me.A.tape player B.tapes players C.tape players D.taper players 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.B解析:B【解析】【分析】句意:我姐姐和我喜欢吃两份色拉和一些鸡蛋作为晚餐。
初中英语语法知识归纳总结(通用)

初中英语语法知识归纳总结(通用)第一课时名词一、概述1、名词的属性:表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。
2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词是表示某一类人或事物,或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。
如:teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等,专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。
(运用)如:China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。
(专有名词的第一个字母要大写)二、可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词是指表示人或事物,可以用数来计量的名词,有单复数之分。
如:glass-----glasses; book---- books2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
如:paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。
3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。
Light travels faster than sound; (light:光线,不可数)The lights are on. (light:灯,可数)4、不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词一般无法用数来计算,前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量,它的量往往借助于容器来表示。
如:a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milka piece of paper ------ two pieces of papera bag of rice ------ three bags of rice三、可数名词的复数形式(识记、运用)1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分,单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化情况变化形式例词一般情况加-s girls; books;以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es classes; boxes; watches;brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i, 加es city---cities; baby---babies以f或fe结尾的名词变f,fe为v, 加es knife---knives; leaf---leaves以O结尾的名词potatoes; tomatoes;photos; kilos; bamboos; radios2、少数名词有不规则的变化形式policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women;tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer;Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish四、名词所有格(运用)名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式,它也有构成上的变化。
初中英语语法知识—名词的解析(1)

13.—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai?
—It’s about ________ drive.
A.How long; a two hours’B.How far; a two-hours
C.How far; two hours’D.How long; a two-hour
【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除
一、选择题
1.A
解析:A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
句意:提高你的阅读速度,否则你不能在100分钟的有限时间内完成英语阅读材料。
考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构和名词所有格。Increase动词原形;To increase动词不定式;Increasing现在分词。分析第一处可知,此处构成“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构,所以使用动词原形。100 minutes’ 100分钟的,名词复数的所有格;a 100-minute一个100分钟的;100-minutes’错误的表达方式。分析第二处可知,此处用于句中作定语修饰其后的名词time,又因为time不可数,其前不能用不定冠词修饰。故选A。
A.sports; shoeB.sports; shoes
C.sport; shoeD.sport; shoes
6.—Why do you get up so early?
—Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride.
句意:Alan通常在11月去哈尔滨。他喜欢玩雪。
考查月份名词。根据“Harbin”及后句“He likes playing with snow.”他喜欢玩雪,可知应该是在北半球的冬天。May五月;July七月;September九月;November十一月。十一月是在北半球的冬天。故选D。
初中英语语法单词词性知识点总结归纳及词性转换规律

初中英语单词词性知识点总结及词性转换规律1. 名词(1)名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。
不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。
要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。
要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。
如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news 等。
(2)名词复数的规则变化A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-esC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-esD.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es(3)名词的所有格A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。
如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。
如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。
如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。
如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。
)2. 代词人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词(1)人称代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数you you your yours yourself复数you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数they them their theirs themselves(2)物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词;名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
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一、选择题1.I’m happy ________ a friend of ________.A.to visit, my B.visiting my C.to visit, mine D.visiting, my 2.There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school.A.sports; shoe B.sports; shoesC.sport; shoe D.sport; shoes3.With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment.A.development; to protect B.developing; to protect C.development; protect D.develop; protect4.Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake.A.Germen; Japanese B.Frenchmen; Japaneses C.Germans; Japanese 5.Those _________ plans for the holiday sound great. How about ________?A.girl’s ; yours B.girls’; youC.girls ; your D.girls’; yours6.There________some water in the bottle.A.is B.am C.are D.be7.My mother often________when she was a young girl.A.keep diaries B.keep diary C.kept diaries D.kept diary 8.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are!A.is having B.are having C.have D.has9.—What can I do for you?—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and .A.some chickens B.any chicken C.some chicken10.— How much are the __________?— Eight yuan a kilo.A.broccoli B.potatoes C.beef D.bread 11.Thanks for the two _______________you gave(给)to me.A.tape player B.tapes players C.tape players D.taper players 12.I’m hungry. I want some _________.A.water B.bread C.toys D.homework 13.— Is this room yours? —No, it's not__________.It's __________.A.mine; Lily's and Lucy's B.my; Lily and Lucy'sC.my; theirs D.mine; Sally's14.—These days, more and more kids have problems with their sight.— They should do eye________and take________every day.A.exercises; exercises B.exercises, exerciseC.exercise. exercises D.exercise, exercise15.Some bananas ______ in the bag. Some mutton ______ on the table.A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are16.I want to buy ________.A.a bread B.some breads C.two piece of bread D.two bags of bread 17.—Do you like apples?—Yes, I do. But my son likes _______.A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.banana18.Can you tell me the ________ habits of the butterflies?A.living B.live C.lives D.lived19.There are many ________ animals in the zoo. I like pandas best. Because they are ________ cute.A.kind of; kinds of B.kind of; kind of C.kinds of; kinds of D.kinds of; kind of 20.This is Bob Smith. His last name is________.A.Bob B.Smith C.Bob Smith 21.Learning English in a classroom is important, but using English in real ________ will improve skills greatly.A.conditions B.situations C.events D.positions22.In fact, he didn’t explain the cause the accident us clearly.A.for; to B.of; to C.for; for D.of; for23.That is my ________ and my ________ are on it.A.desk; books B.desks; book C.desks; books D.desk, book 24.When National Day comes, we have a ____ holiday.A.seven-day B.seven-days C.seven days25.—Let's ____________ some salad.—Sorry, I don't like ____________ .A.have; them B.to have; it C.have; it D.to have; them【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:我很开心去拜访我的一个朋友。
考查非谓语动词形式和物主代词。
visit是动词原形,意为“拜访,参观”,to visit是动词不定式,visiting是动名词。
my形容词性物主代词,作定语;mine名词性物主代词,可作主语,表语或者宾语。
be happy to do sth.意为“很高兴去做某事”;我的一个朋友a friend of my friends=a friend of mine。
故选C。
2.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:在离我的学校不远的地方有一个运动商店和两个鞋店。
sports 运动;shoes鞋,复数;shoe鞋,单数。
sports shop运动商店,固定短语;shoe shop鞋店,shoe是名词做定语,故用单数形式,变复数时,只需要shop变复数,shoe不变。
故选A。
3.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:随着社会的发展,我们的环境变得越来越糟糕。
因此我们应该尽我们所能去保护环境。
考查名词及非谓语动词。
development发展,名词;develop发展,动词;protect保护。
根据题干中“With the ________ of society”可知the后接名词,第一空用development;结合选项可知第二句含义“我们应该尽我们所能去保护环境”,“保护环境”是目的,此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。
故选A。
4.C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:一些德国人得知许多日本人在地震中失去了家园,便前往日本帮忙。
考查名词辨析。
Germen形式错误,German的复数形式为Germans;Frenchmen法国人(Frenchman的复数);Germans德国人(German的复数);Japanese日本,日本人;Japaneses表述错误,Japanese单复同形。
分析第一处可知,此处表示“某国人”,其前有Some修饰,所以用其复数形式,排除A;分析第二处可知,此处表示“日本人”,其前有many修饰,所以用其复数形式,又因为Japanese的复数形式也是Japanese。
故选C。
5.D解析:D【解析】试题分析:句意:这些女孩的假期计划听起来很棒。
你的(计划)怎么样?根据those可知girl是复数,结合句意可知第一空用名词复数的所有格;结合句意可知第二空是名词性物主代词,故选D。
考点:考查名词所有格的用法。
6.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:在瓶子里有一些水。
考查be动词的用法。
There be句型表示某处有某物,be动词的形式由名词的形式决定;名词water水是不可数名词,所以只能用is修饰。
故选A。
7.C解析:C【解析】【详解】句意:当我的妈妈是小女孩的时候,她经常记日记。
考查一般过去时及名词复数。
根据“…when she was a young girl.”可知此句是描绘过去的事,因此用一般过去时,排除A和B;diary为可数名词,记日记可以用单数形式a diary或者复数形式diaries。
故选C。
8.B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:看!中国篮球国家队在礼堂里和他们的粉丝正在进行面对面的访谈。